WEBVTT

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<00:00:03.080>All <00:00:03.280>right. <00:00:03.480>So, <00:00:03.680>this <00:00:03.880>Kristof <00:00:04.080>I'm <00:00:04.280>going <00:00:04.480>to

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<00:00:05.229>All <00:00:05.230>right. <00:00:05.231>So, <00:00:05.232>this <00:00:05.234>Kristof <00:00:05.235>I'm <00:00:05.236>going <00:00:05.238>to

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<00:00:05.239>All <00:00:05.270>right. <00:00:05.301>So, <00:00:05.332>this <00:00:05.363>Kristof <00:00:05.394>I'm <00:00:05.425>going <00:00:05.456>to <00:00:05.487>&gt;&gt; <00:00:05.518>[snorts]

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<00:00:05.550>&gt;&gt; <00:00:05.558>[snorts]

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<00:00:05.560>&gt;&gt; <00:00:05.734>[snorts] <00:00:05.909>&gt;&gt; <00:00:06.084>We're <00:00:06.260>going <00:00:06.435>to <00:00:06.609>talk <00:00:06.784>about <00:00:06.959>photonic

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<00:00:07.630>&gt;&gt; <00:00:07.631>We're <00:00:07.633>going <00:00:07.634>to <00:00:07.636>talk <00:00:07.637>about <00:00:07.638>photonic

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<00:00:07.640>&gt;&gt; <00:00:07.739>We're <00:00:07.840>going <00:00:07.939>to <00:00:08.039>talk <00:00:08.139>about <00:00:08.240>photonic <00:00:08.340>computing. <00:00:08.440>Now, <00:00:08.540>who <00:00:08.639>is <00:00:08.740>we <00:00:08.840>in <00:00:08.940>the <00:00:09.040>first

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<00:00:10.510>computing. <00:00:10.511>Now, <00:00:10.512>who <00:00:10.513>is <00:00:10.515>we <00:00:10.516>in <00:00:10.517>the <00:00:10.519>first

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<00:00:10.520>computing. <00:00:10.627>Now, <00:00:10.735>who <00:00:10.843>is <00:00:10.950>we <00:00:11.058>in <00:00:11.166>the <00:00:11.273>first <00:00:11.381>place? <00:00:11.489>Well, <00:00:11.596>first <00:00:11.704>of <00:00:11.812>all, <00:00:11.920>Quant

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<00:00:13.630>place? <00:00:13.631>Well, <00:00:13.633>first <00:00:13.635>of <00:00:13.637>all, <00:00:13.639>Quant

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<00:00:13.640>place? <00:00:13.767>Well, <00:00:13.894>first <00:00:14.021>of <00:00:14.149>all, <00:00:14.276>Quant <00:00:14.403>we're <00:00:14.530>not <00:00:14.658>building <00:00:14.785>quantum <00:00:14.912>computers. <00:00:15.040>We

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<00:00:15.630>we're <00:00:15.631>not <00:00:15.633>building <00:00:15.635>quantum <00:00:15.637>computers. <00:00:15.639>We

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<00:00:15.640>we're <00:00:15.840>not <00:00:16.040>building <00:00:16.240>quantum <00:00:16.440>computers. <00:00:16.640>We <00:00:16.840>did <00:00:17.040>that.

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<00:00:17.230>did <00:00:17.238>that.

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<00:00:17.240>did <00:00:17.590>that. <00:00:17.939>Um <00:00:18.290>the <00:00:18.639>name

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<00:00:18.870>Um <00:00:18.874>the <00:00:18.878>name

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<00:00:18.880>Um <00:00:19.055>the <00:00:19.230>name <00:00:19.404>was <00:00:19.580>invented <00:00:19.755>before <00:00:19.930>we <00:00:20.105>built <00:00:20.279>quantum

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<00:00:20.630>was <00:00:20.631>invented <00:00:20.633>before <00:00:20.635>we <00:00:20.637>built <00:00:20.639>quantum

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<00:00:20.640>was <00:00:20.842>invented <00:00:21.045>before <00:00:21.247>we <00:00:21.450>built <00:00:21.652>quantum <00:00:21.854>computers.

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computers.

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<00:00:22.000>computers. <00:00:22.819>But,

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But,

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<00:00:22.920>But, <00:00:23.120>in <00:00:23.320>all <00:00:23.520>honesty, <00:00:23.720>we <00:00:23.920>realized <00:00:24.120>that <00:00:24.320>quantum

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<00:00:25.070>in <00:00:25.071>all <00:00:25.073>honesty, <00:00:25.074>we <00:00:25.076>realized <00:00:25.077>that <00:00:25.078>quantum

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<00:00:25.080>in <00:00:25.180>all <00:00:25.279>honesty, <00:00:25.380>we <00:00:25.479>realized <00:00:25.580>that <00:00:25.680>quantum <00:00:25.779>computing <00:00:25.880>is <00:00:25.979>is <00:00:26.080>quite <00:00:26.180>a <00:00:26.279>beast. <00:00:26.380>And <00:00:26.479>so,

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<00:00:27.550>computing <00:00:27.551>is <00:00:27.552>is <00:00:27.553>quite <00:00:27.555>a <00:00:27.556>beast. <00:00:27.557>And <00:00:27.558>so,

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<00:00:27.560>computing <00:00:27.676>is <00:00:27.793>is <00:00:27.910>quite <00:00:28.026>a <00:00:28.143>beast. <00:00:28.259>And <00:00:28.376>so, <00:00:28.493>we <00:00:28.610>switched <00:00:28.726>to <00:00:28.843>actually <00:00:28.959>photonic

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<00:00:29.470>we <00:00:29.472>switched <00:00:29.474>to <00:00:29.476>actually <00:00:29.479>photonic

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<00:00:29.480>we <00:00:29.607>switched <00:00:29.734>to <00:00:29.861>actually <00:00:29.989>photonic <00:00:30.116>computing. <00:00:30.243>And <00:00:30.370>And <00:00:30.498>we'll <00:00:30.625>get <00:00:30.752>into <00:00:30.880>the

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<00:00:31.150>computing. <00:00:31.151>And <00:00:31.153>And <00:00:31.154>we'll <00:00:31.156>get <00:00:31.157>into <00:00:31.159>the

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<00:00:31.160>computing. <00:00:31.267>And <00:00:31.375>And <00:00:31.483>we'll <00:00:31.590>get <00:00:31.698>into <00:00:31.806>the <00:00:31.913>details <00:00:32.021>what <00:00:32.129>that <00:00:32.236>actually <00:00:32.344>means. <00:00:32.452>We <00:00:32.560>got

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<00:00:33.350>details <00:00:33.351>what <00:00:33.353>that <00:00:33.354>actually <00:00:33.356>means. <00:00:33.357>We <00:00:33.359>got

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<00:00:33.360>details <00:00:33.467>what <00:00:33.575>that <00:00:33.683>actually <00:00:33.790>means. <00:00:33.898>We <00:00:34.006>got <00:00:34.113>a <00:00:34.221>series <00:00:34.329>A <00:00:34.436>funding <00:00:34.544>last <00:00:34.652>years. <00:00:34.760>We're

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<00:00:35.430>a <00:00:35.431>series <00:00:35.433>A <00:00:35.434>funding <00:00:35.436>last <00:00:35.437>years. <00:00:35.439>We're

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<00:00:35.440>a <00:00:35.580>series <00:00:35.720>A <00:00:35.860>funding <00:00:36.000>last <00:00:36.140>years. <00:00:36.280>We're <00:00:36.419>building <00:00:36.559>photonic <00:00:36.699>compute <00:00:36.839>devices.

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<00:00:38.350>building <00:00:38.353>photonic <00:00:38.356>compute <00:00:38.359>devices.

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<00:00:38.360>building <00:00:38.560>photonic <00:00:38.760>compute <00:00:38.960>devices. <00:00:39.160>And <00:00:39.360>we'll <00:00:39.560>build <00:00:39.760>everything

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<00:00:40.630>And <00:00:40.633>we'll <00:00:40.636>build <00:00:40.639>everything

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<00:00:40.640>And <00:00:40.767>we'll <00:00:40.894>build <00:00:41.021>everything <00:00:41.149>in <00:00:41.276>in <00:00:41.403>Germany. <00:00:41.530>So, <00:00:41.658>made <00:00:41.785>with <00:00:41.912>love <00:00:42.040>in

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<00:00:43.390>in <00:00:43.391>in <00:00:43.392>Germany. <00:00:43.393>So, <00:00:43.395>made <00:00:43.396>with <00:00:43.397>love <00:00:43.399>in

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<00:00:43.400>in <00:00:43.500>in <00:00:43.600>Germany. <00:00:43.699>So, <00:00:43.800>made <00:00:43.900>with <00:00:44.000>love <00:00:44.100>in <00:00:44.199>Stuttgart, <00:00:44.300>uh <00:00:44.400>Germany, <00:00:44.500>and <00:00:44.600>also <00:00:44.699>parts <00:00:44.800>in

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<00:00:46.190>Stuttgart, <00:00:46.191>uh <00:00:46.193>Germany, <00:00:46.194>and <00:00:46.196>also <00:00:46.197>parts <00:00:46.199>in

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<00:00:46.200>Stuttgart, <00:00:46.355>uh <00:00:46.511>Germany, <00:00:46.666>and <00:00:46.822>also <00:00:46.977>parts <00:00:47.133>in <00:00:47.288>Dresden. <00:00:47.444>From <00:00:47.600>manufacturing,

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<00:00:49.910>Dresden. <00:00:49.914>From <00:00:49.919>manufacturing,

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<00:00:49.920>Dresden. <00:00:50.120>From <00:00:50.320>manufacturing, <00:00:50.520>uh <00:00:50.720>clean <00:00:50.920>room <00:00:51.120>in <00:00:51.320>Stuttgart,

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<00:00:52.350>uh <00:00:52.352>clean <00:00:52.354>room <00:00:52.356>in <00:00:52.359>Stuttgart,

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<00:00:52.360>uh <00:00:52.515>clean <00:00:52.671>room <00:00:52.826>in <00:00:52.982>Stuttgart, <00:00:53.137>uh <00:00:53.293>building <00:00:53.448>devices, <00:00:53.604>building <00:00:53.760>PCs,

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<00:00:54.990>uh <00:00:54.992>building <00:00:54.994>devices, <00:00:54.996>building <00:00:54.999>PCs,

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<00:00:55.000>uh <00:00:55.140>building <00:00:55.280>devices, <00:00:55.420>building <00:00:55.560>PCs, <00:00:55.700>building <00:00:55.840>the <00:00:55.980>software <00:00:56.120>stack. <00:00:56.260>So, <00:00:56.400>that's

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<00:00:56.710>building <00:00:56.711>the <00:00:56.713>software <00:00:56.715>stack. <00:00:56.717>So, <00:00:56.719>that's

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<00:00:56.720>building <00:00:56.860>the <00:00:57.000>software <00:00:57.140>stack. <00:00:57.280>So, <00:00:57.420>that's <00:00:57.560>that's <00:00:57.699>all <00:00:57.839>very <00:00:57.980>local. <00:00:58.120>Um

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<00:00:59.750>that's <00:00:59.752>all <00:00:59.754>very <00:00:59.756>local. <00:00:59.759>Um

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<00:00:59.760>that's <00:00:59.887>all <00:01:00.014>very <00:01:00.141>local. <00:01:00.269>Um <00:01:00.396>Systems <00:01:00.523>are <00:01:00.650>already <00:01:00.778>deployed <00:01:00.905>in <00:01:01.032>some <00:01:01.160>HPC

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<00:01:02.550>Systems <00:01:02.551>are <00:01:02.553>already <00:01:02.554>deployed <00:01:02.556>in <00:01:02.557>some <00:01:02.559>HPC

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<00:01:02.560>Systems <00:01:02.728>are <00:01:02.896>already <00:01:03.065>deployed <00:01:03.233>in <00:01:03.402>some <00:01:03.570>HPC <00:01:03.739>centers,

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centers,

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<00:01:03.880>centers, <00:01:04.055>um <00:01:04.230>cloud <00:01:04.405>provider, <00:01:04.580>and <00:01:04.754>and <00:01:04.930>a <00:01:05.105>few <00:01:05.280>more

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<00:01:06.550>um <00:01:06.551>cloud <00:01:06.552>provider, <00:01:06.553>and <00:01:06.555>and <00:01:06.556>a <00:01:06.557>few <00:01:06.559>more

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<00:01:06.560>um <00:01:06.735>cloud <00:01:06.910>provider, <00:01:07.085>and <00:01:07.260>and <00:01:07.435>a <00:01:07.610>few <00:01:07.785>more <00:01:07.960>coming.

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coming.

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<00:01:08.160>coming. <00:01:08.509>So, <00:01:08.860>let's <00:01:09.210>go <00:01:09.560>into

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<00:01:10.950>So, <00:01:10.953>let's <00:01:10.956>go <00:01:10.959>into

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<00:01:10.960>So, <00:01:11.100>let's <00:01:11.240>go <00:01:11.380>into <00:01:11.520>the <00:01:11.660>question, <00:01:11.800>why <00:01:11.940>is <00:01:12.080>that <00:01:12.220>a <00:01:12.360>thing?

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<00:01:14.830>the <00:01:14.831>question, <00:01:14.833>why <00:01:14.834>is <00:01:14.836>that <00:01:14.837>a <00:01:14.839>thing?

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<00:01:14.840>the <00:01:14.967>question, <00:01:15.094>why <00:01:15.221>is <00:01:15.348>that <00:01:15.475>a <00:01:15.602>thing? <00:01:15.729>And <00:01:15.856>for <00:01:15.983>one,

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<00:01:16.110>And <00:01:16.114>for <00:01:16.119>one,

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<00:01:16.120>And <00:01:16.334>for <00:01:16.549>one, <00:01:16.763>if <00:01:16.978>you <00:01:17.192>look <00:01:17.407>at

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<00:01:17.550>if <00:01:17.553>you <00:01:17.556>look <00:01:17.559>at

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<00:01:17.560>if <00:01:17.715>you <00:01:17.871>look <00:01:18.026>at <00:01:18.182>how <00:01:18.337>GPUs <00:01:18.493>evolved <00:01:18.648>in <00:01:18.804>terms <00:01:18.960>of

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<00:01:19.270>how <00:01:19.271>GPUs <00:01:19.273>evolved <00:01:19.275>in <00:01:19.277>terms <00:01:19.279>of

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<00:01:19.280>how <00:01:19.513>GPUs <00:01:19.746>evolved <00:01:19.980>in <00:01:20.213>terms <00:01:20.446>of <00:01:20.680>performance,

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performance,

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<00:01:21.000>performance, <00:01:21.200>CMOS <00:01:21.400>is <00:01:21.600>maxing <00:01:21.800>out, <00:01:22.000>right? <00:01:22.200>It's <00:01:22.400>It's

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<00:01:24.390>CMOS <00:01:24.391>is <00:01:24.393>maxing <00:01:24.394>out, <00:01:24.396>right? <00:01:24.397>It's <00:01:24.399>It's

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<00:01:24.400>CMOS <00:01:24.516>is <00:01:24.633>maxing <00:01:24.750>out, <00:01:24.866>right? <00:01:24.983>It's <00:01:25.100>It's <00:01:25.216>getting <00:01:25.333>faster, <00:01:25.450>but <00:01:25.566>they're <00:01:25.683>using <00:01:25.800>tricks

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<00:01:26.550>getting <00:01:26.551>faster, <00:01:26.553>but <00:01:26.555>they're <00:01:26.557>using <00:01:26.559>tricks

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<00:01:26.560>getting <00:01:26.667>faster, <00:01:26.775>but <00:01:26.883>they're <00:01:26.990>using <00:01:27.098>tricks <00:01:27.206>like <00:01:27.313>going <00:01:27.421>from <00:01:27.529>16-bit <00:01:27.636>to <00:01:27.744>8-bit <00:01:27.852>to <00:01:27.960>4-bit

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<00:01:29.390>like <00:01:29.391>going <00:01:29.392>from <00:01:29.393>16-bit <00:01:29.395>to <00:01:29.396>8-bit <00:01:29.397>to <00:01:29.399>4-bit

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<00:01:29.400>like <00:01:29.487>going <00:01:29.575>from <00:01:29.662>16-bit <00:01:29.750>to <00:01:29.837>8-bit <00:01:29.925>to <00:01:30.012>4-bit <00:01:30.100>to <00:01:30.187>I <00:01:30.275>don't <00:01:30.362>know <00:01:30.450>when <00:01:30.537>they'll <00:01:30.625>be <00:01:30.712>at <00:01:30.800>half

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<00:01:31.670>to <00:01:31.671>I <00:01:31.672>don't <00:01:31.673>know <00:01:31.674>when <00:01:31.675>they'll <00:01:31.676>be <00:01:31.677>at <00:01:31.679>half

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<00:01:31.680>to <00:01:31.774>I <00:01:31.868>don't <00:01:31.962>know <00:01:32.056>when <00:01:32.150>they'll <00:01:32.244>be <00:01:32.338>at <00:01:32.432>half <00:01:32.526>a <00:01:32.620>bit, <00:01:32.715>um

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<00:01:32.830>a <00:01:32.834>bit, <00:01:32.839>um

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<00:01:32.840>a <00:01:32.967>bit, <00:01:33.094>um <00:01:33.221>for <00:01:33.349>AI <00:01:33.476>models. <00:01:33.603>But, <00:01:33.730>if <00:01:33.858>you <00:01:33.985>look <00:01:34.112>at <00:01:34.240>if

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<00:01:35.509>for <00:01:35.511>AI <00:01:35.512>models. <00:01:35.513>But, <00:01:35.514>if <00:01:35.515>you <00:01:35.516>look <00:01:35.517>at <00:01:35.519>if

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<00:01:35.520>for <00:01:35.607>AI <00:01:35.695>models. <00:01:35.782>But, <00:01:35.870>if <00:01:35.957>you <00:01:36.045>look <00:01:36.132>at <00:01:36.220>if <00:01:36.307>you <00:01:36.395>if <00:01:36.482>you <00:01:36.570>look <00:01:36.657>at <00:01:36.745>flops <00:01:36.832>per <00:01:36.920>square

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<00:01:38.229>you <00:01:38.231>if <00:01:38.232>you <00:01:38.233>look <00:01:38.235>at <00:01:38.236>flops <00:01:38.237>per <00:01:38.239>square

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<00:01:38.240>you <00:01:38.347>if <00:01:38.455>you <00:01:38.563>look <00:01:38.670>at <00:01:38.778>flops <00:01:38.886>per <00:01:38.993>square <00:01:39.101>millimeter, <00:01:39.209>not <00:01:39.316>a <00:01:39.424>lot <00:01:39.532>happening <00:01:39.640>anymore.

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<00:01:41.110>millimeter, <00:01:41.111>not <00:01:41.113>a <00:01:41.115>lot <00:01:41.117>happening <00:01:41.119>anymore.

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<00:01:41.120>millimeter, <00:01:41.220>not <00:01:41.320>a <00:01:41.420>lot <00:01:41.520>happening <00:01:41.620>anymore. <00:01:41.720>And <00:01:41.820>what <00:01:41.920>that <00:01:42.020>leads <00:01:42.120>to <00:01:42.220>is <00:01:42.320>they <00:01:42.420>go <00:01:42.520>into

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<00:01:43.670>And <00:01:43.671>what <00:01:43.672>that <00:01:43.673>leads <00:01:43.674>to <00:01:43.675>is <00:01:43.676>they <00:01:43.677>go <00:01:43.679>into

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<00:01:43.680>And <00:01:43.767>what <00:01:43.855>that <00:01:43.942>leads <00:01:44.030>to <00:01:44.117>is <00:01:44.205>they <00:01:44.292>go <00:01:44.380>into <00:01:44.467>the <00:01:44.555>area, <00:01:44.642>and <00:01:44.730>they <00:01:44.817>just <00:01:44.905>go <00:01:44.992>bigger <00:01:45.080>and

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<00:01:45.670>the <00:01:45.671>area, <00:01:45.672>and <00:01:45.673>they <00:01:45.675>just <00:01:45.676>go <00:01:45.677>bigger <00:01:45.679>and

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<00:01:45.680>the <00:01:45.855>area, <00:01:46.030>and <00:01:46.205>they <00:01:46.380>just <00:01:46.555>go <00:01:46.730>bigger <00:01:46.905>and <00:01:47.080>bigger.

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bigger.

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<00:01:48.039>bigger. <00:01:48.214>Which <00:01:48.389>leads <00:01:48.565>to <00:01:48.740>like <00:01:48.914>this <00:01:49.089>is <00:01:49.264>the <00:01:49.440>curve

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<00:01:51.190>Which <00:01:51.191>leads <00:01:51.192>to <00:01:51.193>like <00:01:51.195>this <00:01:51.196>is <00:01:51.197>the <00:01:51.199>curve

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<00:01:51.200>Which <00:01:51.343>leads <00:01:51.486>to <00:01:51.629>like <00:01:51.772>this <00:01:51.914>is <00:01:52.058>the <00:01:52.201>curve <00:01:52.344>for <00:01:52.487>um

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<00:01:52.630>for <00:01:52.639>um

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<00:01:52.640>for <00:01:53.193>um <00:01:53.747>electricity

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electricity

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<00:01:53.880>electricity <00:01:54.273>power <00:01:54.666>consumption, <00:01:55.059>electricity

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<00:01:55.190>power <00:01:55.194>consumption, <00:01:55.199>electricity

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<00:01:55.200>power <00:01:55.433>consumption, <00:01:55.666>electricity <00:01:55.900>consumption <00:01:56.133>for <00:01:56.366>AI <00:01:56.600>servers.

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<00:01:57.430>consumption <00:01:57.433>for <00:01:57.436>AI <00:01:57.439>servers.

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<00:01:57.440>consumption <00:01:57.640>for <00:01:57.840>AI <00:01:58.039>servers. <00:01:58.240>Like <00:01:58.440>this <00:01:58.640>is <00:01:58.840>steep.

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<00:01:59.470>Like <00:01:59.473>this <00:01:59.476>is <00:01:59.478>steep.

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<00:01:59.479>Like <00:01:59.711>this <00:01:59.943>is <00:02:00.175>steep. <00:02:00.407>And

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And

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<00:02:00.520>And <00:02:00.695>CMOS <00:02:00.869>and <00:02:01.045>and <00:02:01.220>GPU <00:02:01.395>consumption <00:02:01.570>is <00:02:01.744>one <00:02:01.920>part

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<00:02:03.550>CMOS <00:02:03.551>and <00:02:03.552>and <00:02:03.553>GPU <00:02:03.555>consumption <00:02:03.556>is <00:02:03.557>one <00:02:03.559>part

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<00:02:03.560>CMOS <00:02:03.653>and <00:02:03.746>and <00:02:03.840>GPU <00:02:03.933>consumption <00:02:04.026>is <00:02:04.120>one <00:02:04.213>part <00:02:04.306>of <00:02:04.400>it. <00:02:04.493>The <00:02:04.586>other <00:02:04.680>part <00:02:04.773>is <00:02:04.866>actually <00:02:04.960>moving

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<00:02:05.990>of <00:02:05.991>it. <00:02:05.992>The <00:02:05.993>other <00:02:05.995>part <00:02:05.996>is <00:02:05.997>actually <00:02:05.999>moving

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<00:02:06.000>of <00:02:06.093>it. <00:02:06.186>The <00:02:06.280>other <00:02:06.373>part <00:02:06.466>is <00:02:06.560>actually <00:02:06.653>moving <00:02:06.746>the <00:02:06.840>data <00:02:06.933>because <00:02:07.026>90 <00:02:07.120>plus <00:02:07.213>percent <00:02:07.306>of <00:02:07.400>the

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<00:02:09.310>the <00:02:09.311>data <00:02:09.312>because <00:02:09.313>90 <00:02:09.315>plus <00:02:09.316>percent <00:02:09.317>of <00:02:09.318>the

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<00:02:09.320>the <00:02:09.436>data <00:02:09.553>because <00:02:09.669>90 <00:02:09.786>plus <00:02:09.903>percent <00:02:10.019>of <00:02:10.136>the <00:02:10.253>energy <00:02:10.370>goes <00:02:10.486>into <00:02:10.603>data <00:02:10.720>movement.

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<00:02:12.949>energy <00:02:12.951>goes <00:02:12.953>into <00:02:12.955>data <00:02:12.958>movement.

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<00:02:12.959>energy <00:02:13.239>goes <00:02:13.519>into <00:02:13.799>data <00:02:14.079>movement. <00:02:14.359>So

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So

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<00:02:14.720>So <00:02:14.875>how <00:02:15.031>are <00:02:15.186>we <00:02:15.342>doing <00:02:15.497>this <00:02:15.653>in <00:02:15.808>a <00:02:15.964>better <00:02:16.120>way?

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<00:02:21.200>On <00:02:21.369>the <00:02:21.539>left <00:02:21.709>hand <00:02:21.879>side, <00:02:22.049>let's <00:02:22.219>go <00:02:22.389>to <00:02:22.559>the

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<00:02:22.710>On <00:02:22.711>the <00:02:22.712>left <00:02:22.713>hand <00:02:22.714>side, <00:02:22.715>let's <00:02:22.716>go <00:02:22.717>to <00:02:22.719>the

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<00:02:22.720>On <00:02:22.820>the <00:02:22.920>left <00:02:23.020>hand <00:02:23.120>side, <00:02:23.220>let's <00:02:23.320>go <00:02:23.420>to <00:02:23.520>the <00:02:23.620>to <00:02:23.720>the <00:02:23.820>computation <00:02:23.920>part <00:02:24.020>again <00:02:24.120>real

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<00:02:24.790>to <00:02:24.791>the <00:02:24.793>computation <00:02:24.795>part <00:02:24.797>again <00:02:24.799>real

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<00:02:24.800>to <00:02:25.008>the <00:02:25.217>computation <00:02:25.425>part <00:02:25.634>again <00:02:25.842>real <00:02:26.051>quick.

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quick.

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<00:02:26.200>quick. <00:02:26.433>This <00:02:26.666>looks <00:02:26.899>complicated. <00:02:27.133>Well, <00:02:27.366>it's <00:02:27.600>well

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<00:02:29.390>This <00:02:29.391>looks <00:02:29.393>complicated. <00:02:29.395>Well, <00:02:29.397>it's <00:02:29.399>well

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<00:02:29.400>This <00:02:29.540>looks <00:02:29.680>complicated. <00:02:29.820>Well, <00:02:29.960>it's <00:02:30.100>well <00:02:30.240>understood <00:02:30.380>because <00:02:30.520>the <00:02:30.660>industry <00:02:30.800>is

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<00:02:31.390>understood <00:02:31.392>because <00:02:31.394>the <00:02:31.396>industry <00:02:31.399>is

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<00:02:31.400>understood <00:02:31.527>because <00:02:31.654>the <00:02:31.781>industry <00:02:31.909>is <00:02:32.036>building <00:02:32.163>that <00:02:32.290>or <00:02:32.418>has <00:02:32.545>been <00:02:32.672>building <00:02:32.800>that

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<00:02:32.990>building <00:02:32.991>that <00:02:32.993>or <00:02:32.994>has <00:02:32.996>been <00:02:32.997>building <00:02:32.999>that

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<00:02:33.000>building <00:02:33.127>that <00:02:33.254>or <00:02:33.381>has <00:02:33.509>been <00:02:33.636>building <00:02:33.763>that <00:02:33.890>for <00:02:34.018>decades. <00:02:34.145>That's <00:02:34.272>about <00:02:34.400>2,000

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<00:02:35.829>for <00:02:35.832>decades. <00:02:35.834>That's <00:02:35.836>about <00:02:35.839>2,000

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<00:02:35.840>for <00:02:35.995>decades. <00:02:36.151>That's <00:02:36.306>about <00:02:36.462>2,000 <00:02:36.617>transistors <00:02:36.773>to <00:02:36.928>just <00:02:37.084>multiply <00:02:37.240>two

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<00:02:38.390>transistors <00:02:38.392>to <00:02:38.394>just <00:02:38.396>multiply <00:02:38.399>two

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<00:02:38.400>transistors <00:02:38.633>to <00:02:38.866>just <00:02:39.100>multiply <00:02:39.333>two <00:02:39.566>eight-bit <00:02:39.800>numbers.

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<00:02:40.150>eight-bit <00:02:40.159>numbers.

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<00:02:40.160>eight-bit <00:02:40.335>numbers. <00:02:40.510>Um <00:02:40.685>and <00:02:40.859>we're <00:02:41.035>just <00:02:41.210>talking <00:02:41.385>about <00:02:41.560>the

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<00:02:42.350>Um <00:02:42.351>and <00:02:42.353>we're <00:02:42.354>just <00:02:42.356>talking <00:02:42.357>about <00:02:42.359>the

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<00:02:42.360>Um <00:02:42.487>and <00:02:42.614>we're <00:02:42.741>just <00:02:42.869>talking <00:02:42.996>about <00:02:43.123>the <00:02:43.250>multiplication. <00:02:43.378>We're <00:02:43.505>not <00:02:43.632>talking <00:02:43.760>about

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<00:02:44.310>multiplication. <00:02:44.312>We're <00:02:44.314>not <00:02:44.316>talking <00:02:44.319>about

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<00:02:44.320>multiplication. <00:02:44.447>We're <00:02:44.574>not <00:02:44.701>talking <00:02:44.829>about <00:02:44.956>more <00:02:45.083>complex <00:02:45.210>and <00:02:45.338>fancy <00:02:45.465>stuff <00:02:45.592>like <00:02:45.720>what

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<00:02:47.030>more <00:02:47.031>complex <00:02:47.033>and <00:02:47.034>fancy <00:02:47.036>stuff <00:02:47.037>like <00:02:47.039>what

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<00:02:47.040>more <00:02:47.127>complex <00:02:47.215>and <00:02:47.302>fancy <00:02:47.390>stuff <00:02:47.477>like <00:02:47.565>what <00:02:47.652>if <00:02:47.739>I <00:02:47.827>want <00:02:47.915>to <00:02:48.002>do <00:02:48.090>a <00:02:48.177>cosine <00:02:48.265>or <00:02:48.352>a <00:02:48.440>Fourier

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<00:02:49.510>if <00:02:49.511>I <00:02:49.512>want <00:02:49.513>to <00:02:49.514>do <00:02:49.515>a <00:02:49.516>cosine <00:02:49.517>or <00:02:49.518>a <00:02:49.519>Fourier

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<00:02:49.520>if <00:02:49.647>I <00:02:49.774>want <00:02:49.901>to <00:02:50.029>do <00:02:50.156>a <00:02:50.283>cosine <00:02:50.410>or <00:02:50.538>a <00:02:50.665>Fourier <00:02:50.792>uh <00:02:50.920>transformation?

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<00:02:52.800>How <00:02:53.000>do <00:02:53.200>we <00:02:53.400>do <00:02:53.600>that <00:02:53.800>um <00:02:54.000>in <00:02:54.200>photonic

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<00:02:55.150>How <00:02:55.151>do <00:02:55.152>we <00:02:55.153>do <00:02:55.155>that <00:02:55.156>um <00:02:55.157>in <00:02:55.159>photonic

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<00:02:55.160>How <00:02:55.335>do <00:02:55.510>we <00:02:55.685>do <00:02:55.859>that <00:02:56.035>um <00:02:56.210>in <00:02:56.385>photonic <00:02:56.560>computing?

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computing?

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<00:02:57.400>computing? <00:02:57.555>So <00:02:57.711>we <00:02:57.866>just <00:02:58.022>have <00:02:58.177>a <00:02:58.333>laser <00:02:58.488>going <00:02:58.644>into <00:02:58.800>the

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<00:03:00.550>So <00:03:00.551>we <00:03:00.552>just <00:03:00.553>have <00:03:00.554>a <00:03:00.555>laser <00:03:00.556>going <00:03:00.557>into <00:03:00.559>the

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<00:03:00.560>So <00:03:00.647>we <00:03:00.735>just <00:03:00.822>have <00:03:00.910>a <00:03:00.997>laser <00:03:01.085>going <00:03:01.172>into <00:03:01.260>the <00:03:01.347>chip. <00:03:01.435>Uh <00:03:01.522>we <00:03:01.610>split <00:03:01.697>that <00:03:01.785>laser <00:03:01.872>up. <00:03:01.960>We

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<00:03:03.830>chip. <00:03:03.831>Uh <00:03:03.832>we <00:03:03.833>split <00:03:03.835>that <00:03:03.836>laser <00:03:03.837>up. <00:03:03.839>We

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<00:03:03.840>chip. <00:03:03.933>Uh <00:03:04.026>we <00:03:04.120>split <00:03:04.213>that <00:03:04.306>laser <00:03:04.400>up. <00:03:04.493>We <00:03:04.586>modulate <00:03:04.680>the <00:03:04.773>light <00:03:04.866>and <00:03:04.960>uh <00:03:05.053>we <00:03:05.146>have <00:03:05.240>a

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<00:03:07.750>modulate <00:03:07.751>the <00:03:07.752>light <00:03:07.753>and <00:03:07.755>uh <00:03:07.756>we <00:03:07.757>have <00:03:07.759>a

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<00:03:07.760>modulate <00:03:07.859>the <00:03:07.959>light <00:03:08.060>and <00:03:08.160>uh <00:03:08.260>we <00:03:08.359>have <00:03:08.459>a <00:03:08.560>crystal <00:03:08.660>on <00:03:08.760>the <00:03:08.859>wafer <00:03:08.959>it's <00:03:09.060>which <00:03:09.160>is

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<00:03:10.190>crystal <00:03:10.191>on <00:03:10.192>the <00:03:10.194>wafer <00:03:10.196>it's <00:03:10.197>which <00:03:10.198>is

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<00:03:10.200>crystal <00:03:10.316>on <00:03:10.433>the <00:03:10.549>wafer <00:03:10.666>it's <00:03:10.783>which <00:03:10.899>is <00:03:11.016>called <00:03:11.133>lithium <00:03:11.250>niobate. <00:03:11.366>And <00:03:11.483>that <00:03:11.600>crystal

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<00:03:12.509>called <00:03:12.510>lithium <00:03:12.512>niobate. <00:03:12.514>And <00:03:12.516>that <00:03:12.518>crystal

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<00:03:12.519>called <00:03:12.674>lithium <00:03:12.830>niobate. <00:03:12.985>And <00:03:13.141>that <00:03:13.296>crystal <00:03:13.452>allows <00:03:13.607>us <00:03:13.763>to <00:03:13.919>um

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<00:03:14.949>allows <00:03:14.952>us <00:03:14.955>to <00:03:14.958>um

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<00:03:14.959>allows <00:03:15.114>us <00:03:15.270>to <00:03:15.425>um <00:03:15.581>change <00:03:15.736>the <00:03:15.892>refractive <00:03:16.047>index <00:03:16.203>by <00:03:16.359>just

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<00:03:16.710>change <00:03:16.711>the <00:03:16.713>refractive <00:03:16.715>index <00:03:16.717>by <00:03:16.719>just

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<00:03:16.720>change <00:03:16.847>the <00:03:16.974>refractive <00:03:17.101>index <00:03:17.229>by <00:03:17.356>just <00:03:17.483>applying <00:03:17.610>an <00:03:17.738>electric <00:03:17.865>field. <00:03:17.992>So <00:03:18.120>no

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<00:03:18.870>applying <00:03:18.871>an <00:03:18.873>electric <00:03:18.875>field. <00:03:18.877>So <00:03:18.879>no

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<00:03:18.880>applying <00:03:19.007>an <00:03:19.134>electric <00:03:19.261>field. <00:03:19.389>So <00:03:19.516>no <00:03:19.643>current <00:03:19.770>flowing. <00:03:19.898>It's <00:03:20.025>just <00:03:20.152>uh <00:03:20.280>voltage.

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<00:03:21.790>current <00:03:21.791>flowing. <00:03:21.793>It's <00:03:21.795>just <00:03:21.797>uh <00:03:21.799>voltage.

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<00:03:21.800>current <00:03:22.033>flowing. <00:03:22.266>It's <00:03:22.500>just <00:03:22.733>uh <00:03:22.966>voltage. <00:03:23.200>It's

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It's

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<00:03:23.519>It's <00:03:23.799>And <00:03:24.079>um <00:03:24.359>so <00:03:24.639>with <00:03:24.919>that

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<00:03:25.670>And <00:03:25.672>um <00:03:25.674>so <00:03:25.676>with <00:03:25.679>that

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<00:03:25.680>And <00:03:25.796>um <00:03:25.913>so <00:03:26.030>with <00:03:26.146>that <00:03:26.263>we <00:03:26.380>don't <00:03:26.496>really <00:03:26.613>consume <00:03:26.730>a <00:03:26.846>lot <00:03:26.963>of <00:03:27.080>power,

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<00:03:28.470>we <00:03:28.471>don't <00:03:28.472>really <00:03:28.473>consume <00:03:28.475>a <00:03:28.476>lot <00:03:28.477>of <00:03:28.478>power,

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<00:03:28.480>we <00:03:28.579>don't <00:03:28.679>really <00:03:28.780>consume <00:03:28.880>a <00:03:28.980>lot <00:03:29.079>of <00:03:29.179>power, <00:03:29.280>right? <00:03:29.380>Because <00:03:29.480>no <00:03:29.579>no <00:03:29.679>current <00:03:29.780>flowing. <00:03:29.880>So

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<00:03:30.590>right? <00:03:30.591>Because <00:03:30.593>no <00:03:30.594>no <00:03:30.596>current <00:03:30.597>flowing. <00:03:30.599>So

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<00:03:30.600>right? <00:03:30.697>Because <00:03:30.794>no <00:03:30.891>no <00:03:30.988>current <00:03:31.085>flowing. <00:03:31.182>So <00:03:31.279>you <00:03:31.376>can <00:03:31.473>put <00:03:31.570>your <00:03:31.667>finger <00:03:31.764>on <00:03:31.861>the <00:03:31.959>chip.

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<00:03:32.110>you <00:03:32.111>can <00:03:32.112>put <00:03:32.113>your <00:03:32.115>finger <00:03:32.116>on <00:03:32.117>the <00:03:32.119>chip.

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<00:03:32.120>you <00:03:32.227>can <00:03:32.335>put <00:03:32.443>your <00:03:32.550>finger <00:03:32.658>on <00:03:32.766>the <00:03:32.873>chip. <00:03:32.981>It's <00:03:33.089>not <00:03:33.196>getting <00:03:33.304>hot. <00:03:33.412>It's <00:03:33.520>it's

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<00:03:33.790>It's <00:03:33.791>not <00:03:33.793>getting <00:03:33.795>hot. <00:03:33.797>It's <00:03:33.799>it's

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<00:03:33.800>It's <00:03:33.955>not <00:03:34.111>getting <00:03:34.266>hot. <00:03:34.422>It's <00:03:34.577>it's <00:03:34.733>essentially <00:03:34.888>a <00:03:35.044>passive <00:03:35.200>element.

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<00:03:36.270>essentially <00:03:36.273>a <00:03:36.276>passive <00:03:36.279>element.

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<00:03:36.280>essentially <00:03:36.396>a <00:03:36.513>passive <00:03:36.630>element. <00:03:36.746>Um <00:03:36.863>we <00:03:36.980>do <00:03:37.096>that <00:03:37.213>twice. <00:03:37.330>We <00:03:37.446>we <00:03:37.563>get <00:03:37.680>some

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<00:03:39.110>Um <00:03:39.111>we <00:03:39.112>do <00:03:39.113>that <00:03:39.114>twice. <00:03:39.115>We <00:03:39.116>we <00:03:39.117>get <00:03:39.119>some

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<00:03:39.120>Um <00:03:39.227>we <00:03:39.335>do <00:03:39.443>that <00:03:39.550>twice. <00:03:39.658>We <00:03:39.766>we <00:03:39.873>get <00:03:39.981>some <00:03:40.089>multiplication. <00:03:40.196>So <00:03:40.304>that's <00:03:40.412>much <00:03:40.520>fewer

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<00:03:41.949>multiplication. <00:03:41.951>So <00:03:41.953>that's <00:03:41.955>much <00:03:41.958>fewer

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<00:03:41.959>multiplication. <00:03:42.192>So <00:03:42.425>that's <00:03:42.659>much <00:03:42.892>fewer <00:03:43.125>moving <00:03:43.359>parts.

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<00:03:44.829>moving <00:03:44.839>parts.

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<00:03:44.840>moving <00:03:45.540>parts. <00:03:46.240>Um

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Um

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<00:03:47.239>Um <00:03:47.439>let's <00:03:47.639>go <00:03:47.839>into <00:03:48.039>some <00:03:48.239>more <00:03:48.439>details <00:03:48.639>and

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<00:03:49.430>let's <00:03:49.431>go <00:03:49.433>into <00:03:49.434>some <00:03:49.436>more <00:03:49.437>details <00:03:49.439>and

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<00:03:49.440>let's <00:03:49.547>go <00:03:49.655>into <00:03:49.763>some <00:03:49.870>more <00:03:49.978>details <00:03:50.086>and <00:03:50.193>Kristof <00:03:50.301>will <00:03:50.409>tell <00:03:50.516>you <00:03:50.624>how <00:03:50.732>exactly <00:03:50.840>that

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<00:03:51.350>Kristof <00:03:51.351>will <00:03:51.353>tell <00:03:51.354>you <00:03:51.356>how <00:03:51.357>exactly <00:03:51.359>that

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<00:03:51.360>Kristof <00:03:51.492>will <00:03:51.624>tell <00:03:51.757>you <00:03:51.889>how <00:03:52.022>exactly <00:03:52.154>that <00:03:52.286>works.

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works.

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<00:03:52.400>works. <00:03:53.363>Yes.

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Yes.

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<00:03:53.480>Yes. <00:03:53.655>So, <00:03:53.829>I <00:03:54.005>want <00:03:54.179>to <00:03:54.355>tell <00:03:54.530>you <00:03:54.704>about <00:03:54.880>Quant's

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<00:03:55.630>So, <00:03:55.631>I <00:03:55.632>want <00:03:55.633>to <00:03:55.635>tell <00:03:55.636>you <00:03:55.637>about <00:03:55.638>Quant's

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<00:03:55.640>So, <00:03:55.747>I <00:03:55.855>want <00:03:55.963>to <00:03:56.070>tell <00:03:56.178>you <00:03:56.286>about <00:03:56.393>Quant's <00:03:56.501>hardware <00:03:56.609>stack <00:03:56.716>and <00:03:56.824>I <00:03:56.932>want <00:03:57.040>to

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<00:03:58.230>hardware <00:03:58.231>stack <00:03:58.233>and <00:03:58.235>I <00:03:58.237>want <00:03:58.239>to

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<00:03:58.240>hardware <00:03:58.380>stack <00:03:58.520>and <00:03:58.660>I <00:03:58.800>want <00:03:58.940>to <00:03:59.080>convey <00:03:59.220>how <00:03:59.360>it's <00:03:59.500>fundamentally <00:03:59.640>different

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<00:04:01.190>convey <00:04:01.192>how <00:04:01.194>it's <00:04:01.196>fundamentally <00:04:01.198>different

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<00:04:01.200>convey <00:04:01.339>how <00:04:01.480>it's <00:04:01.619>fundamentally <00:04:01.760>different <00:04:01.899>from <00:04:02.040>the <00:04:02.179>hardware <00:04:02.320>stacks <00:04:02.459>that <00:04:02.600>you're

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<00:04:02.790>from <00:04:02.791>the <00:04:02.793>hardware <00:04:02.795>stacks <00:04:02.797>that <00:04:02.799>you're

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<00:04:02.800>from <00:04:02.975>the <00:04:03.150>hardware <00:04:03.325>stacks <00:04:03.500>that <00:04:03.675>you're <00:04:03.850>used <00:04:04.025>to. <00:04:04.200>So,

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<00:04:04.950>used <00:04:04.954>to. <00:04:04.959>So,

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<00:04:04.960>used <00:04:05.135>to. <00:04:05.310>So, <00:04:05.485>again <00:04:05.660>coming <00:04:05.835>to <00:04:06.010>this, <00:04:06.185>usually <00:04:06.360>when

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<00:04:06.750>again <00:04:06.751>coming <00:04:06.753>to <00:04:06.755>this, <00:04:06.757>usually <00:04:06.759>when

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<00:04:06.760>again <00:04:06.886>coming <00:04:07.013>to <00:04:07.140>this, <00:04:07.267>usually <00:04:07.394>when <00:04:07.520>digitally <00:04:07.647>you <00:04:07.774>want <00:04:07.901>to <00:04:08.028>multiply <00:04:08.155>two

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<00:04:08.310>digitally <00:04:08.311>you <00:04:08.313>want <00:04:08.315>to <00:04:08.317>multiply <00:04:08.319>two

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<00:04:08.320>digitally <00:04:08.516>you <00:04:08.713>want <00:04:08.909>to <00:04:09.106>multiply <00:04:09.302>two <00:04:09.499>numbers,

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numbers,

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<00:04:09.640>numbers, <00:04:09.872>they're <00:04:10.105>represented <00:04:10.337>by <00:04:10.570>bits <00:04:10.802>that <00:04:11.035>can

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<00:04:11.190>they're <00:04:11.191>represented <00:04:11.193>by <00:04:11.195>bits <00:04:11.197>that <00:04:11.198>can

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<00:04:11.200>they're <00:04:11.307>represented <00:04:11.415>by <00:04:11.523>bits <00:04:11.630>that <00:04:11.738>can <00:04:11.846>have <00:04:11.953>only <00:04:12.061>two <00:04:12.169>states, <00:04:12.276>can <00:04:12.384>be <00:04:12.492>one <00:04:12.600>or

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<00:04:13.270>have <00:04:13.271>only <00:04:13.272>two <00:04:13.273>states, <00:04:13.275>can <00:04:13.276>be <00:04:13.277>one <00:04:13.279>or

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<00:04:13.280>have <00:04:13.404>only <00:04:13.529>two <00:04:13.654>states, <00:04:13.779>can <00:04:13.904>be <00:04:14.029>one <00:04:14.154>or <00:04:14.279>zero,

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zero,

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<00:04:14.400>zero, <00:04:14.540>and <00:04:14.680>then <00:04:14.820>you <00:04:14.960>take <00:04:15.100>a <00:04:15.240>lot <00:04:15.380>of <00:04:15.520>bits <00:04:15.660>and <00:04:15.800>you

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<00:04:16.349>and <00:04:16.349>then <00:04:16.351>you <00:04:16.351>take <00:04:16.353>a <00:04:16.353>lot <00:04:16.354>of <00:04:16.356>bits <00:04:16.356>and <00:04:16.358>you

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<00:04:16.358>and <00:04:16.426>then <00:04:16.494>you <00:04:16.561>take <00:04:16.629>a <00:04:16.696>lot <00:04:16.764>of <00:04:16.831>bits <00:04:16.899>and <00:04:16.966>you <00:04:17.034>have <00:04:17.102>a <00:04:17.169>number <00:04:17.237>and <00:04:17.304>then <00:04:17.372>you <00:04:17.439>put <00:04:17.507>it <00:04:17.574>into

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<00:04:17.709>have <00:04:17.711>a <00:04:17.712>number <00:04:17.713>and <00:04:17.714>then <00:04:17.715>you <00:04:17.716>put <00:04:17.717>it <00:04:17.719>into

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<00:04:17.720>have <00:04:17.820>a <00:04:17.920>number <00:04:18.020>and <00:04:18.120>then <00:04:18.220>you <00:04:18.320>put <00:04:18.420>it <00:04:18.520>into <00:04:18.620>your <00:04:18.720>multiplier, <00:04:18.820>it <00:04:18.920>will <00:04:19.020>decompose <00:04:19.120>the

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<00:04:19.470>your <00:04:19.471>multiplier, <00:04:19.473>it <00:04:19.475>will <00:04:19.477>decompose <00:04:19.479>the

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<00:04:19.480>your <00:04:19.607>multiplier, <00:04:19.734>it <00:04:19.861>will <00:04:19.989>decompose <00:04:20.116>the <00:04:20.243>number <00:04:20.370>into <00:04:20.498>bits, <00:04:20.625>treat <00:04:20.752>them <00:04:20.880>correctly,

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<00:04:21.870>number <00:04:21.871>into <00:04:21.873>bits, <00:04:21.875>treat <00:04:21.877>them <00:04:21.879>correctly,

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<00:04:21.880>number <00:04:21.996>into <00:04:22.113>bits, <00:04:22.230>treat <00:04:22.346>them <00:04:22.463>correctly, <00:04:22.580>and <00:04:22.696>outcomes <00:04:22.813>again <00:04:22.930>a <00:04:23.046>collection <00:04:23.163>of <00:04:23.280>bits

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<00:04:24.110>and <00:04:24.111>outcomes <00:04:24.113>again <00:04:24.114>a <00:04:24.116>collection <00:04:24.117>of <00:04:24.119>bits

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<00:04:24.120>and <00:04:24.221>outcomes <00:04:24.322>again <00:04:24.423>a <00:04:24.525>collection <00:04:24.626>of <00:04:24.727>bits <00:04:24.828>that <00:04:24.930>represents <00:04:25.031>the <00:04:25.132>result <00:04:25.233>of <00:04:25.335>your

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<00:04:25.470>that <00:04:25.471>represents <00:04:25.473>the <00:04:25.475>result <00:04:25.477>of <00:04:25.479>your

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<00:04:25.480>that <00:04:25.688>represents <00:04:25.897>the <00:04:26.105>result <00:04:26.314>of <00:04:26.522>your <00:04:26.731>calculation.

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calculation.

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<00:04:26.880>calculation. <00:04:27.113>With <00:04:27.346>photonics, <00:04:27.580>you're <00:04:27.813>using <00:04:28.046>the <00:04:28.280>analog

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<00:04:29.750>With <00:04:29.751>photonics, <00:04:29.753>you're <00:04:29.755>using <00:04:29.757>the <00:04:29.759>analog

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<00:04:29.760>With <00:04:29.887>photonics, <00:04:30.014>you're <00:04:30.141>using <00:04:30.269>the <00:04:30.396>analog <00:04:30.523>nature <00:04:30.650>of <00:04:30.778>light <00:04:30.905>to <00:04:31.032>encode <00:04:31.159>the

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<00:04:31.550>nature <00:04:31.551>of <00:04:31.553>light <00:04:31.555>to <00:04:31.557>encode <00:04:31.559>the

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<00:04:31.560>nature <00:04:31.676>of <00:04:31.793>light <00:04:31.910>to <00:04:32.026>encode <00:04:32.143>the <00:04:32.260>information <00:04:32.376>directly <00:04:32.493>in <00:04:32.610>the <00:04:32.726>state <00:04:32.843>of <00:04:32.960>the

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<00:04:33.390>information <00:04:33.391>directly <00:04:33.393>in <00:04:33.394>the <00:04:33.395>state <00:04:33.397>of <00:04:33.399>the

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<00:04:33.400>information <00:04:33.547>directly <00:04:33.695>in <00:04:33.843>the <00:04:33.991>state <00:04:34.139>of <00:04:34.287>the <00:04:34.435>light.

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light.

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<00:04:34.560>light. <00:04:34.728>In <00:04:34.896>the <00:04:35.065>most <00:04:35.233>trivial <00:04:35.402>case, <00:04:35.570>that <00:04:35.739>would

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<00:04:35.870>In <00:04:35.871>the <00:04:35.873>most <00:04:35.874>trivial <00:04:35.876>case, <00:04:35.877>that <00:04:35.879>would

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<00:04:35.880>In <00:04:35.987>the <00:04:36.095>most <00:04:36.203>trivial <00:04:36.310>case, <00:04:36.418>that <00:04:36.526>would <00:04:36.633>mean <00:04:36.741>you <00:04:36.849>change <00:04:36.956>the <00:04:37.064>amplitude <00:04:37.172>of <00:04:37.280>the

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<00:04:37.710>mean <00:04:37.711>you <00:04:37.712>change <00:04:37.714>the <00:04:37.716>amplitude <00:04:37.717>of <00:04:37.719>the

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<00:04:37.720>mean <00:04:37.837>you <00:04:37.954>change <00:04:38.071>the <00:04:38.188>amplitude <00:04:38.305>of <00:04:38.422>the <00:04:38.539>light,

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light,

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<00:04:38.640>light, <00:04:38.795>but <00:04:38.951>light <00:04:39.106>also <00:04:39.262>has <00:04:39.417>a <00:04:39.573>phase, <00:04:39.728>it <00:04:39.884>can <00:04:40.039>have

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<00:04:40.670>but <00:04:40.671>light <00:04:40.672>also <00:04:40.673>has <00:04:40.674>a <00:04:40.675>phase, <00:04:40.676>it <00:04:40.677>can <00:04:40.679>have

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<00:04:40.680>but <00:04:40.780>light <00:04:40.880>also <00:04:40.980>has <00:04:41.080>a <00:04:41.180>phase, <00:04:41.280>it <00:04:41.380>can <00:04:41.480>have <00:04:41.580>a <00:04:41.680>polarization, <00:04:41.780>it <00:04:41.880>can <00:04:41.980>have <00:04:42.080>wavelength,

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<00:04:43.030>a <00:04:43.031>polarization, <00:04:43.033>it <00:04:43.035>can <00:04:43.037>have <00:04:43.039>wavelength,

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<00:04:43.040>a <00:04:43.167>polarization, <00:04:43.294>it <00:04:43.421>can <00:04:43.549>have <00:04:43.676>wavelength, <00:04:43.803>so <00:04:43.930>there <00:04:44.058>are <00:04:44.185>multiple <00:04:44.312>dimensions <00:04:44.440>in

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<00:04:44.909>so <00:04:44.910>there <00:04:44.912>are <00:04:44.914>multiple <00:04:44.916>dimensions <00:04:44.918>in

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<00:04:44.919>so <00:04:45.035>there <00:04:45.152>are <00:04:45.269>multiple <00:04:45.385>dimensions <00:04:45.502>in <00:04:45.619>which <00:04:45.735>you <00:04:45.852>can <00:04:45.969>encode <00:04:46.085>the <00:04:46.202>information <00:04:46.318>in

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<00:04:47.190>which <00:04:47.191>you <00:04:47.193>can <00:04:47.194>encode <00:04:47.195>the <00:04:47.197>information <00:04:47.199>in

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<00:04:47.200>which <00:04:47.300>you <00:04:47.400>can <00:04:47.500>encode <00:04:47.599>the <00:04:47.700>information <00:04:47.800>in <00:04:47.900>the <00:04:48.000>light. <00:04:48.099>And <00:04:48.200>then <00:04:48.300>when <00:04:48.400>you <00:04:48.500>do <00:04:48.599>the

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<00:04:49.390>the <00:04:49.391>light. <00:04:49.392>And <00:04:49.393>then <00:04:49.395>when <00:04:49.396>you <00:04:49.397>do <00:04:49.399>the

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<00:04:49.400>the <00:04:49.493>light. <00:04:49.586>And <00:04:49.679>then <00:04:49.773>when <00:04:49.866>you <00:04:49.960>do <00:04:50.053>the <00:04:50.146>calculation, <00:04:50.239>you <00:04:50.333>do <00:04:50.426>it <00:04:50.520>on <00:04:50.613>the <00:04:50.706>light. <00:04:50.799>So,

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<00:04:51.470>calculation, <00:04:51.471>you <00:04:51.472>do <00:04:51.473>it <00:04:51.475>on <00:04:51.476>the <00:04:51.477>light. <00:04:51.479>So,

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<00:04:51.480>calculation, <00:04:51.587>you <00:04:51.695>do <00:04:51.803>it <00:04:51.910>on <00:04:52.018>the <00:04:52.126>light. <00:04:52.233>So, <00:04:52.341>the <00:04:52.449>light <00:04:52.556>travels <00:04:52.664>through <00:04:52.772>your <00:04:52.880>optical

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<00:04:53.070>the <00:04:53.071>light <00:04:53.073>travels <00:04:53.075>through <00:04:53.077>your <00:04:53.079>optical

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<00:04:53.080>the <00:04:53.180>light <00:04:53.280>travels <00:04:53.380>through <00:04:53.479>your <00:04:53.580>optical <00:04:53.680>circuit <00:04:53.780>and <00:04:53.880>along <00:04:53.979>the <00:04:54.080>way <00:04:54.180>you <00:04:54.280>do <00:04:54.380>math <00:04:54.479>to

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<00:04:55.510>circuit <00:04:55.511>and <00:04:55.512>along <00:04:55.513>the <00:04:55.514>way <00:04:55.515>you <00:04:55.516>do <00:04:55.517>math <00:04:55.519>to

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<00:04:55.520>circuit <00:04:55.597>and <00:04:55.675>along <00:04:55.753>the <00:04:55.831>way <00:04:55.908>you <00:04:55.986>do <00:04:56.064>math <00:04:56.142>to <00:04:56.219>it <00:04:56.297>and <00:04:56.375>you <00:04:56.453>can <00:04:56.531>go <00:04:56.608>as <00:04:56.686>complex <00:04:56.764>as <00:04:56.842>you <00:04:56.919>want

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<00:04:58.070>it <00:04:58.070>and <00:04:58.072>you <00:04:58.073>can <00:04:58.074>go <00:04:58.075>as <00:04:58.075>complex <00:04:58.077>as <00:04:58.078>you <00:04:58.079>want

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<00:04:58.080>it <00:04:58.162>and <00:04:58.244>you <00:04:58.327>can <00:04:58.409>go <00:04:58.491>as <00:04:58.574>complex <00:04:58.656>as <00:04:58.738>you <00:04:58.821>want <00:04:58.903>if <00:04:58.985>you <00:04:59.068>make <00:04:59.150>the <00:04:59.232>circuit <00:04:59.315>longer <00:04:59.397>and <00:04:59.479>you

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<00:04:59.710>if <00:04:59.711>you <00:04:59.712>make <00:04:59.713>the <00:04:59.715>circuit <00:04:59.716>longer <00:04:59.717>and <00:04:59.719>you

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<00:04:59.720>if <00:04:59.820>you <00:04:59.920>make <00:05:00.020>the <00:05:00.120>circuit <00:05:00.220>longer <00:05:00.320>and <00:05:00.420>you <00:05:00.520>never <00:05:00.620>leave <00:05:00.720>the <00:05:00.820>optical <00:05:00.920>domain <00:05:01.020>until <00:05:01.120>you

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<00:05:01.990>never <00:05:01.991>leave <00:05:01.993>the <00:05:01.994>optical <00:05:01.996>domain <00:05:01.997>until <00:05:01.999>you

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<00:05:02.000>never <00:05:02.127>leave <00:05:02.254>the <00:05:02.381>optical <00:05:02.509>domain <00:05:02.636>until <00:05:02.763>you <00:05:02.890>end <00:05:03.018>up <00:05:03.145>at <00:05:03.272>a <00:05:03.400>detector,

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<00:05:03.990>end <00:05:03.992>up <00:05:03.994>at <00:05:03.996>a <00:05:03.999>detector,

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<00:05:04.000>end <00:05:04.116>up <00:05:04.233>at <00:05:04.350>a <00:05:04.466>detector, <00:05:04.583>where <00:05:04.700>then <00:05:04.816>you <00:05:04.933>get <00:05:05.050>the <00:05:05.166>result <00:05:05.283>of <00:05:05.400>your

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<00:05:05.790>where <00:05:05.791>then <00:05:05.792>you <00:05:05.793>get <00:05:05.795>the <00:05:05.796>result <00:05:05.797>of <00:05:05.799>your

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<00:05:05.800>where <00:05:05.900>then <00:05:06.000>you <00:05:06.100>get <00:05:06.200>the <00:05:06.300>result <00:05:06.400>of <00:05:06.500>your <00:05:06.600>computation <00:05:06.700>in <00:05:06.800>one <00:05:06.900>shot. <00:05:07.000>So, <00:05:07.100>the <00:05:07.200>light

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<00:05:08.230>computation <00:05:08.231>in <00:05:08.233>one <00:05:08.234>shot. <00:05:08.236>So, <00:05:08.237>the <00:05:08.239>light

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<00:05:08.240>computation <00:05:08.347>in <00:05:08.455>one <00:05:08.563>shot. <00:05:08.670>So, <00:05:08.778>the <00:05:08.886>light <00:05:08.993>travels <00:05:09.101>through <00:05:09.209>the <00:05:09.316>math, <00:05:09.424>you <00:05:09.532>detect <00:05:09.640>the

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<00:05:10.190>travels <00:05:10.191>through <00:05:10.193>the <00:05:10.194>math, <00:05:10.195>you <00:05:10.197>detect <00:05:10.199>the

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<00:05:10.200>travels <00:05:10.293>through <00:05:10.386>the <00:05:10.479>math, <00:05:10.573>you <00:05:10.666>detect <00:05:10.760>the <00:05:10.853>result <00:05:10.946>as <00:05:11.039>it <00:05:11.133>is <00:05:11.226>and <00:05:11.320>convert <00:05:11.413>it <00:05:11.506>back <00:05:11.599>to

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<00:05:12.870>result <00:05:12.871>as <00:05:12.872>it <00:05:12.873>is <00:05:12.874>and <00:05:12.875>convert <00:05:12.876>it <00:05:12.877>back <00:05:12.879>to

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<00:05:12.880>result <00:05:13.015>as <00:05:13.150>it <00:05:13.285>is <00:05:13.420>and <00:05:13.555>convert <00:05:13.690>it <00:05:13.825>back <00:05:13.960>to <00:05:14.095>bits.

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bits.

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<00:05:14.240>bits. <00:05:14.415>In <00:05:14.590>the <00:05:14.765>simplest <00:05:14.940>case, <00:05:15.115>as <00:05:15.290>we've <00:05:15.465>said, <00:05:15.640>we

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<00:05:16.150>In <00:05:16.151>the <00:05:16.152>simplest <00:05:16.153>case, <00:05:16.155>as <00:05:16.156>we've <00:05:16.157>said, <00:05:16.159>we

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<00:05:16.160>In <00:05:16.267>the <00:05:16.375>simplest <00:05:16.483>case, <00:05:16.590>as <00:05:16.698>we've <00:05:16.806>said, <00:05:16.913>we <00:05:17.021>can <00:05:17.129>build <00:05:17.236>a <00:05:17.344>multiplication <00:05:17.452>machine <00:05:17.560>from

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<00:05:17.790>can <00:05:17.791>build <00:05:17.793>a <00:05:17.795>multiplication <00:05:17.797>machine <00:05:17.799>from

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<00:05:17.800>can <00:05:17.940>build <00:05:18.080>a <00:05:18.220>multiplication <00:05:18.360>machine <00:05:18.500>from <00:05:18.640>two <00:05:18.780>of <00:05:18.920>these <00:05:19.060>electro-optical <00:05:19.200>modulators,

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<00:05:20.510>two <00:05:20.512>of <00:05:20.514>these <00:05:20.516>electro-optical <00:05:20.519>modulators,

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<00:05:20.520>two <00:05:20.659>of <00:05:20.799>these <00:05:20.940>electro-optical <00:05:21.080>modulators, <00:05:21.219>which <00:05:21.359>can <00:05:21.500>influence <00:05:21.640>only <00:05:21.780>the <00:05:21.919>amplitude.

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<00:05:22.590>which <00:05:22.591>can <00:05:22.593>influence <00:05:22.595>only <00:05:22.597>the <00:05:22.599>amplitude.

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<00:05:22.600>which <00:05:22.686>can <00:05:22.772>influence <00:05:22.858>only <00:05:22.945>the <00:05:23.031>amplitude. <00:05:23.117>So, <00:05:23.203>you <00:05:23.290>come <00:05:23.376>in <00:05:23.462>with <00:05:23.548>a <00:05:23.635>certain

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<00:05:23.750>So, <00:05:23.751>you <00:05:23.753>come <00:05:23.754>in <00:05:23.756>with <00:05:23.757>a <00:05:23.759>certain

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<00:05:23.760>So, <00:05:23.867>you <00:05:23.975>come <00:05:24.083>in <00:05:24.190>with <00:05:24.298>a <00:05:24.406>certain <00:05:24.513>intensity, <00:05:24.621>which <00:05:24.729>you <00:05:24.836>call <00:05:24.944>one, <00:05:25.052>then <00:05:25.159>you

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<00:05:26.190>intensity, <00:05:26.191>which <00:05:26.193>you <00:05:26.194>call <00:05:26.195>one, <00:05:26.197>then <00:05:26.199>you

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<00:05:26.200>intensity, <00:05:26.389>which <00:05:26.578>you <00:05:26.767>call <00:05:26.956>one, <00:05:27.145>then <00:05:27.334>you <00:05:27.523>multiply

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multiply

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<00:05:27.680>multiply <00:05:28.211>um

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um

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<00:05:28.280>um <00:05:28.513>the <00:05:28.746>two <00:05:28.979>numbers <00:05:29.213>by <00:05:29.446>applying <00:05:29.679>two

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<00:05:30.510>the <00:05:30.511>two <00:05:30.513>numbers <00:05:30.515>by <00:05:30.517>applying <00:05:30.519>two

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<00:05:30.520>the <00:05:30.647>two <00:05:30.774>numbers <00:05:30.901>by <00:05:31.029>applying <00:05:31.156>two <00:05:31.283>uh <00:05:31.410>amplitude <00:05:31.538>modulations <00:05:31.665>in <00:05:31.792>series, <00:05:31.919>and

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<00:05:32.870>uh <00:05:32.871>amplitude <00:05:32.873>modulations <00:05:32.875>in <00:05:32.877>series, <00:05:32.879>and

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<00:05:32.880>uh <00:05:32.987>amplitude <00:05:33.095>modulations <00:05:33.203>in <00:05:33.310>series, <00:05:33.418>and <00:05:33.526>then <00:05:33.633>in <00:05:33.741>the <00:05:33.849>end <00:05:33.956>you <00:05:34.064>get <00:05:34.172>your <00:05:34.280>product

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<00:05:34.670>then <00:05:34.671>in <00:05:34.672>the <00:05:34.673>end <00:05:34.675>you <00:05:34.676>get <00:05:34.677>your <00:05:34.679>product

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<00:05:34.680>then <00:05:34.835>in <00:05:34.991>the <00:05:35.146>end <00:05:35.302>you <00:05:35.457>get <00:05:35.613>your <00:05:35.768>product <00:05:35.924>from <00:05:36.080>detection.

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<00:05:36.270>from <00:05:36.279>detection.

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<00:05:36.280>from <00:05:36.479>detection. <00:05:36.679>How <00:05:36.880>does <00:05:37.080>this <00:05:37.280>look <00:05:37.479>in <00:05:37.679>hardware?

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<00:05:38.950>How <00:05:38.951>does <00:05:38.953>this <00:05:38.955>look <00:05:38.957>in <00:05:38.959>hardware?

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<00:05:38.960>How <00:05:39.120>does <00:05:39.280>this <00:05:39.441>look <00:05:39.602>in <00:05:39.762>hardware? <00:05:39.923>So,

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So,

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<00:05:40.040>So, <00:05:40.215>in <00:05:40.390>an <00:05:40.565>in <00:05:40.740>a <00:05:40.915>classical <00:05:41.090>chip, <00:05:41.265>you <00:05:41.440>need

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<00:05:41.950>in <00:05:41.951>an <00:05:41.952>in <00:05:41.953>a <00:05:41.955>classical <00:05:41.956>chip, <00:05:41.957>you <00:05:41.959>need

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<00:05:41.960>in <00:05:42.076>an <00:05:42.193>in <00:05:42.310>a <00:05:42.426>classical <00:05:42.543>chip, <00:05:42.659>you <00:05:42.776>need <00:05:42.893>copper <00:05:43.010>or <00:05:43.126>some <00:05:43.243>other <00:05:43.359>electricity

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<00:05:43.630>copper <00:05:43.632>or <00:05:43.634>some <00:05:43.636>other <00:05:43.639>electricity

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<00:05:43.640>copper <00:05:43.780>or <00:05:43.919>some <00:05:44.060>other <00:05:44.200>electricity <00:05:44.340>conducting <00:05:44.479>material <00:05:44.620>to <00:05:44.760>let <00:05:44.900>the <00:05:45.039>current

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<00:05:45.990>conducting <00:05:45.991>material <00:05:45.993>to <00:05:45.995>let <00:05:45.997>the <00:05:45.999>current

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<00:05:46.000>conducting <00:05:46.155>material <00:05:46.311>to <00:05:46.466>let <00:05:46.622>the <00:05:46.777>current <00:05:46.933>flow <00:05:47.088>through <00:05:47.244>your <00:05:47.400>system.

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<00:05:48.110>flow <00:05:48.113>through <00:05:48.116>your <00:05:48.119>system.

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<00:05:48.120>flow <00:05:48.260>through <00:05:48.400>your <00:05:48.540>system. <00:05:48.680>For <00:05:48.820>optics, <00:05:48.960>you <00:05:49.100>need <00:05:49.240>something <00:05:49.380>very <00:05:49.520>uh

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<00:05:50.110>For <00:05:50.111>optics, <00:05:50.113>you <00:05:50.114>need <00:05:50.116>something <00:05:50.117>very <00:05:50.119>uh

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<00:05:50.120>For <00:05:50.227>optics, <00:05:50.334>you <00:05:50.441>need <00:05:50.549>something <00:05:50.656>very <00:05:50.763>uh <00:05:50.870>uh <00:05:50.978>similar. <00:05:51.085>You <00:05:51.192>need <00:05:51.299>something <00:05:51.407>that

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<00:05:51.550>uh <00:05:51.551>similar. <00:05:51.553>You <00:05:51.555>need <00:05:51.557>something <00:05:51.559>that

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<00:05:51.560>uh <00:05:51.676>similar. <00:05:51.793>You <00:05:51.910>need <00:05:52.026>something <00:05:52.143>that <00:05:52.260>conducts <00:05:52.376>the <00:05:52.493>light. <00:05:52.610>So, <00:05:52.726>we <00:05:52.843>use <00:05:52.960>thin-film

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<00:05:53.950>conducts <00:05:53.951>the <00:05:53.953>light. <00:05:53.954>So, <00:05:53.955>we <00:05:53.957>use <00:05:53.959>thin-film

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<00:05:53.960>conducts <00:05:54.076>the <00:05:54.193>light. <00:05:54.310>So, <00:05:54.426>we <00:05:54.543>use <00:05:54.659>thin-film <00:05:54.776>lithium <00:05:54.893>niobate, <00:05:55.010>which <00:05:55.126>can <00:05:55.243>transport <00:05:55.359>the

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<00:05:56.350>lithium <00:05:56.351>niobate, <00:05:56.353>which <00:05:56.355>can <00:05:56.357>transport <00:05:56.359>the

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<00:05:56.360>lithium <00:05:56.467>niobate, <00:05:56.575>which <00:05:56.683>can <00:05:56.790>transport <00:05:56.898>the <00:05:57.006>light <00:05:57.113>in <00:05:57.221>the <00:05:57.329>channels <00:05:57.436>on <00:05:57.544>the <00:05:57.652>chip, <00:05:57.760>which

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<00:05:58.670>light <00:05:58.671>in <00:05:58.672>the <00:05:58.673>channels <00:05:58.675>on <00:05:58.676>the <00:05:58.677>chip, <00:05:58.679>which

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<00:05:58.680>light <00:05:58.807>in <00:05:58.934>the <00:05:59.061>channels <00:05:59.189>on <00:05:59.316>the <00:05:59.443>chip, <00:05:59.570>which <00:05:59.698>can <00:05:59.825>look <00:05:59.952>like <00:06:00.080>this.

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<00:06:00.830>can <00:06:00.832>look <00:06:00.835>like <00:06:00.839>this.

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<00:06:00.840>can <00:06:00.995>look <00:06:01.151>like <00:06:01.306>this. <00:06:01.462>And <00:06:01.617>this <00:06:01.773>is <00:06:01.928>not <00:06:02.084>something <00:06:02.239>fundamentally

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<00:06:03.430>And <00:06:03.431>this <00:06:03.433>is <00:06:03.435>not <00:06:03.437>something <00:06:03.439>fundamentally

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<00:06:03.440>And <00:06:03.556>this <00:06:03.673>is <00:06:03.790>not <00:06:03.906>something <00:06:04.023>fundamentally <00:06:04.140>new. <00:06:04.256>You're <00:06:04.373>very <00:06:04.490>used <00:06:04.606>to <00:06:04.723>moving <00:06:04.840>data

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<00:06:05.590>new. <00:06:05.591>You're <00:06:05.592>very <00:06:05.594>used <00:06:05.596>to <00:06:05.597>moving <00:06:05.599>data

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<00:06:05.600>new. <00:06:05.707>You're <00:06:05.815>very <00:06:05.923>used <00:06:06.030>to <00:06:06.138>moving <00:06:06.246>data <00:06:06.353>with <00:06:06.461>light. <00:06:06.569>I <00:06:06.676>mean, <00:06:06.784>your <00:06:06.892>fiber <00:06:07.000>optic

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<00:06:07.190>with <00:06:07.191>light. <00:06:07.193>I <00:06:07.194>mean, <00:06:07.195>your <00:06:07.197>fiber <00:06:07.199>optic

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<00:06:07.200>with <00:06:07.327>light. <00:06:07.454>I <00:06:07.581>mean, <00:06:07.709>your <00:06:07.836>fiber <00:06:07.963>optic <00:06:08.090>connection <00:06:08.218>internet <00:06:08.345>across <00:06:08.472>the <00:06:08.599>ocean

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<00:06:09.350>connection <00:06:09.352>internet <00:06:09.354>across <00:06:09.356>the <00:06:09.359>ocean

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<00:06:09.360>connection <00:06:09.476>internet <00:06:09.593>across <00:06:09.710>the <00:06:09.826>ocean <00:06:09.943>works <00:06:10.060>great. <00:06:10.176>People <00:06:10.293>are <00:06:10.410>trying <00:06:10.526>to <00:06:10.643>do <00:06:10.760>uh

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<00:06:11.950>works <00:06:11.951>great. <00:06:11.952>People <00:06:11.953>are <00:06:11.955>trying <00:06:11.956>to <00:06:11.957>do <00:06:11.959>uh

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<00:06:11.960>works <00:06:12.076>great. <00:06:12.193>People <00:06:12.310>are <00:06:12.426>trying <00:06:12.543>to <00:06:12.659>do <00:06:12.776>uh <00:06:12.893>optical <00:06:13.010>interconnects <00:06:13.126>for <00:06:13.243>data <00:06:13.359>center

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<00:06:13.710>optical <00:06:13.712>interconnects <00:06:13.714>for <00:06:13.716>data <00:06:13.719>center

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<00:06:13.720>optical <00:06:13.941>interconnects <00:06:14.162>for <00:06:14.384>data <00:06:14.605>center <00:06:14.827>racks.

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racks.

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<00:06:14.960>racks. <00:06:15.159>All <00:06:15.359>of <00:06:15.560>that <00:06:15.760>goes <00:06:15.960>through <00:06:16.159>optics, <00:06:16.359>and

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<00:06:16.790>All <00:06:16.791>of <00:06:16.793>that <00:06:16.794>goes <00:06:16.796>through <00:06:16.797>optics, <00:06:16.799>and

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<00:06:16.800>All <00:06:16.900>of <00:06:17.000>that <00:06:17.100>goes <00:06:17.200>through <00:06:17.300>optics, <00:06:17.400>and <00:06:17.500>it's <00:06:17.600>not <00:06:17.700>not <00:06:17.800>the <00:06:17.900>newest <00:06:18.000>thing. <00:06:18.100>The <00:06:18.200>new

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<00:06:19.550>it's <00:06:19.551>not <00:06:19.552>not <00:06:19.553>the <00:06:19.555>newest <00:06:19.556>thing. <00:06:19.557>The <00:06:19.559>new

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<00:06:19.560>it's <00:06:19.660>not <00:06:19.760>not <00:06:19.860>the <00:06:19.960>newest <00:06:20.060>thing. <00:06:20.160>The <00:06:20.260>new <00:06:20.360>thing <00:06:20.460>is <00:06:20.560>that <00:06:20.660>my <00:06:20.760>sound <00:06:20.860>is <00:06:20.960>gone.

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<00:06:22.110>thing <00:06:22.111>is <00:06:22.113>that <00:06:22.114>my <00:06:22.116>sound <00:06:22.117>is <00:06:22.119>gone.

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<00:06:22.120>thing <00:06:22.213>is <00:06:22.306>that <00:06:22.400>my <00:06:22.493>sound <00:06:22.586>is <00:06:22.680>gone. <00:06:22.773>Um <00:06:22.866>the <00:06:22.960>new <00:06:23.053>thing <00:06:23.146>is <00:06:23.240>that <00:06:23.333>we're <00:06:23.426>not <00:06:23.520>just

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<00:06:24.430>Um <00:06:24.431>the <00:06:24.432>new <00:06:24.433>thing <00:06:24.434>is <00:06:24.435>that <00:06:24.436>we're <00:06:24.437>not <00:06:24.439>just

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<00:06:24.440>Um <00:06:24.533>the <00:06:24.626>new <00:06:24.719>thing <00:06:24.812>is <00:06:24.905>that <00:06:24.998>we're <00:06:25.091>not <00:06:25.184>just <00:06:25.277>moving <00:06:25.370>data <00:06:25.463>with <00:06:25.556>light, <00:06:25.649>we're <00:06:25.742>also <00:06:25.835>doing

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<00:06:25.990>moving <00:06:25.991>data <00:06:25.993>with <00:06:25.994>light, <00:06:25.996>we're <00:06:25.997>also <00:06:25.999>doing

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<00:06:26.000>moving <00:06:26.107>data <00:06:26.215>with <00:06:26.323>light, <00:06:26.430>we're <00:06:26.538>also <00:06:26.646>doing <00:06:26.753>the <00:06:26.861>processing <00:06:26.969>in <00:06:27.076>the <00:06:27.184>light. <00:06:27.292>So, <00:06:27.400>this

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<00:06:28.990>the <00:06:28.991>processing <00:06:28.993>in <00:06:28.994>the <00:06:28.996>light. <00:06:28.997>So, <00:06:28.999>this

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<00:06:29.000>the <00:06:29.140>processing <00:06:29.280>in <00:06:29.420>the <00:06:29.560>light. <00:06:29.700>So, <00:06:29.840>this <00:06:29.980>special <00:06:30.120>material <00:06:30.260>cannot <00:06:30.400>only

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<00:06:31.590>special <00:06:31.592>material <00:06:31.596>cannot <00:06:31.599>only

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<00:06:31.600>special <00:06:31.727>material <00:06:31.854>cannot <00:06:31.981>only <00:06:32.109>move <00:06:32.236>the <00:06:32.363>data <00:06:32.490>in <00:06:32.618>the <00:06:32.745>optical <00:06:32.872>domain, <00:06:33.000>it

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<00:06:33.590>move <00:06:33.591>the <00:06:33.592>data <00:06:33.593>in <00:06:33.595>the <00:06:33.596>optical <00:06:33.597>domain, <00:06:33.599>it

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<00:06:33.600>move <00:06:33.700>the <00:06:33.800>data <00:06:33.900>in <00:06:34.000>the <00:06:34.100>optical <00:06:34.200>domain, <00:06:34.300>it <00:06:34.400>can <00:06:34.500>also <00:06:34.600>influence <00:06:34.700>the <00:06:34.800>light, <00:06:34.900>and <00:06:35.000>that's

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<00:06:35.510>can <00:06:35.511>also <00:06:35.513>influence <00:06:35.514>the <00:06:35.515>light, <00:06:35.517>and <00:06:35.519>that's

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<00:06:35.520>can <00:06:35.620>also <00:06:35.719>influence <00:06:35.820>the <00:06:35.919>light, <00:06:36.020>and <00:06:36.120>that's <00:06:36.219>why <00:06:36.320>you <00:06:36.419>can <00:06:36.520>do <00:06:36.620>your <00:06:36.719>computation <00:06:36.820>in <00:06:36.919>the

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<00:06:37.870>why <00:06:37.871>you <00:06:37.872>can <00:06:37.873>do <00:06:37.875>your <00:06:37.876>computation <00:06:37.877>in <00:06:37.879>the

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<00:06:37.880>why <00:06:38.055>you <00:06:38.230>can <00:06:38.405>do <00:06:38.580>your <00:06:38.755>computation <00:06:38.930>in <00:06:39.105>the <00:06:39.280>light.

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<00:06:41.200>What <00:06:41.400>do <00:06:41.599>we <00:06:41.800>do <00:06:42.000>with <00:06:42.200>this? <00:06:42.400>Sadly, <00:06:42.599>the

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<00:06:43.550>What <00:06:43.551>do <00:06:43.552>we <00:06:43.553>do <00:06:43.555>with <00:06:43.556>this? <00:06:43.557>Sadly, <00:06:43.559>the

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<00:06:43.560>What <00:06:43.660>do <00:06:43.760>we <00:06:43.860>do <00:06:43.960>with <00:06:44.060>this? <00:06:44.160>Sadly, <00:06:44.260>the <00:06:44.360>world <00:06:44.460>hasn't <00:06:44.560>gone <00:06:44.660>fully <00:06:44.760>photonic <00:06:44.860>yet, <00:06:44.960>so

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<00:06:45.990>world <00:06:45.991>hasn't <00:06:45.993>gone <00:06:45.994>fully <00:06:45.996>photonic <00:06:45.997>yet, <00:06:45.999>so

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<00:06:46.000>world <00:06:46.107>hasn't <00:06:46.215>gone <00:06:46.323>fully <00:06:46.430>photonic <00:06:46.538>yet, <00:06:46.646>so <00:06:46.753>we <00:06:46.861>have <00:06:46.969>to <00:06:47.076>integrate <00:06:47.184>with <00:06:47.292>a <00:06:47.400>digital

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<00:06:48.270>we <00:06:48.271>have <00:06:48.272>to <00:06:48.274>integrate <00:06:48.275>with <00:06:48.277>a <00:06:48.279>digital

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<00:06:48.280>we <00:06:48.455>have <00:06:48.630>to <00:06:48.804>integrate <00:06:48.979>with <00:06:49.155>a <00:06:49.330>digital <00:06:49.505>electric <00:06:49.679>host.

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<00:06:50.110>electric <00:06:50.119>host.

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<00:06:50.120>electric <00:06:50.320>host. <00:06:50.520>Um <00:06:50.720>this <00:06:50.920>is <00:06:51.120>what <00:06:51.320>differentiates <00:06:51.520>us

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<00:06:51.710>Um <00:06:51.711>this <00:06:51.713>is <00:06:51.715>what <00:06:51.717>differentiates <00:06:51.719>us

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<00:06:51.720>Um <00:06:51.847>this <00:06:51.974>is <00:06:52.101>what <00:06:52.229>differentiates <00:06:52.356>us <00:06:52.483>differentiates <00:06:52.610>us <00:06:52.738>from <00:06:52.865>a <00:06:52.992>university <00:06:53.120>lab,

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<00:06:54.950>differentiates <00:06:54.951>us <00:06:54.953>from <00:06:54.955>a <00:06:54.957>university <00:06:54.959>lab,

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<00:06:54.960>differentiates <00:06:55.076>us <00:06:55.193>from <00:06:55.310>a <00:06:55.426>university <00:06:55.543>lab, <00:06:55.659>some <00:06:55.776>benchtop <00:06:55.893>setup. <00:06:56.010>We <00:06:56.126>have <00:06:56.243>a <00:06:56.359>product

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<00:06:57.630>some <00:06:57.631>benchtop <00:06:57.633>setup. <00:06:57.634>We <00:06:57.635>have <00:06:57.637>a <00:06:57.639>product

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<00:06:57.640>some <00:06:57.767>benchtop <00:06:57.894>setup. <00:06:58.021>We <00:06:58.149>have <00:06:58.276>a <00:06:58.403>product <00:06:58.530>that <00:06:58.658>integrates <00:06:58.785>into <00:06:58.912>your <00:06:59.039>existing

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<00:06:59.550>that <00:06:59.552>integrates <00:06:59.554>into <00:06:59.556>your <00:06:59.559>existing

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<00:06:59.560>that <00:06:59.687>integrates <00:06:59.814>into <00:06:59.941>your <00:07:00.069>existing <00:07:00.196>servers. <00:07:00.323>So, <00:07:00.450>we <00:07:00.578>call <00:07:00.705>this <00:07:00.832>the <00:07:00.960>native

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<00:07:01.630>servers. <00:07:01.631>So, <00:07:01.633>we <00:07:01.634>call <00:07:01.635>this <00:07:01.637>the <00:07:01.639>native

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<00:07:01.640>servers. <00:07:01.756>So, <00:07:01.873>we <00:07:01.990>call <00:07:02.106>this <00:07:02.223>the <00:07:02.340>native <00:07:02.456>processing <00:07:02.573>unit, <00:07:02.690>and <00:07:02.806>it <00:07:02.923>handles <00:07:03.039>the

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<00:07:03.630>processing <00:07:03.631>unit, <00:07:03.633>and <00:07:03.635>it <00:07:03.637>handles <00:07:03.639>the

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<00:07:03.640>processing <00:07:03.767>unit, <00:07:03.894>and <00:07:04.021>it <00:07:04.149>handles <00:07:04.276>the <00:07:04.403>conversion <00:07:04.530>between <00:07:04.658>the <00:07:04.785>digital <00:07:04.912>world <00:07:05.039>and

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<00:07:05.830>conversion <00:07:05.831>between <00:07:05.833>the <00:07:05.835>digital <00:07:05.837>world <00:07:05.839>and

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<00:07:05.840>conversion <00:07:05.947>between <00:07:06.055>the <00:07:06.163>digital <00:07:06.270>world <00:07:06.378>and <00:07:06.486>the <00:07:06.593>analog <00:07:06.701>world. <00:07:06.809>So, <00:07:06.916>we <00:07:07.024>have <00:07:07.132>a <00:07:07.239>standard

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<00:07:08.110>the <00:07:08.111>analog <00:07:08.112>world. <00:07:08.113>So, <00:07:08.115>we <00:07:08.116>have <00:07:08.117>a <00:07:08.119>standard

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<00:07:08.120>the <00:07:08.236>analog <00:07:08.353>world. <00:07:08.470>So, <00:07:08.586>we <00:07:08.703>have <00:07:08.820>a <00:07:08.936>standard <00:07:09.053>PCIe <00:07:09.170>interconnect, <00:07:09.286>we <00:07:09.403>have <00:07:09.520>digital

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<00:07:10.070>PCIe <00:07:10.072>interconnect, <00:07:10.074>we <00:07:10.076>have <00:07:10.079>digital

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<00:07:10.080>PCIe <00:07:10.255>interconnect, <00:07:10.430>we <00:07:10.604>have <00:07:10.780>digital <00:07:10.955>memory <00:07:11.130>on <00:07:11.305>the <00:07:11.479>device,

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<00:07:11.870>memory <00:07:11.873>on <00:07:11.876>the <00:07:11.879>device,

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<00:07:11.880>memory <00:07:12.035>on <00:07:12.191>the <00:07:12.346>device, <00:07:12.502>and <00:07:12.657>we <00:07:12.813>have <00:07:12.968>the <00:07:13.124>digital-to-analog <00:07:13.280>and

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<00:07:13.950>and <00:07:13.951>we <00:07:13.953>have <00:07:13.955>the <00:07:13.957>digital-to-analog <00:07:13.959>and

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<00:07:13.960>and <00:07:14.115>we <00:07:14.271>have <00:07:14.426>the <00:07:14.582>digital-to-analog <00:07:14.737>and <00:07:14.893>analog-to-digital <00:07:15.048>converters, <00:07:15.204>which <00:07:15.359>move

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<00:07:16.510>analog-to-digital <00:07:16.513>converters, <00:07:16.515>which <00:07:16.519>move

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<00:07:16.520>analog-to-digital <00:07:16.647>converters, <00:07:16.774>which <00:07:16.901>move <00:07:17.029>the <00:07:17.156>data <00:07:17.283>from <00:07:17.410>the <00:07:17.538>digital <00:07:17.665>domain <00:07:17.792>to <00:07:17.919>the

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<00:07:18.870>the <00:07:18.871>data <00:07:18.872>from <00:07:18.873>the <00:07:18.875>digital <00:07:18.876>domain <00:07:18.877>to <00:07:18.879>the

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<00:07:18.880>the <00:07:18.980>data <00:07:19.080>from <00:07:19.180>the <00:07:19.280>digital <00:07:19.380>domain <00:07:19.480>to <00:07:19.580>the <00:07:19.680>optical <00:07:19.780>domain <00:07:19.880>and <00:07:19.980>back. <00:07:20.080>And <00:07:20.180>then, <00:07:20.280>of

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<00:07:20.470>optical <00:07:20.471>domain <00:07:20.473>and <00:07:20.474>back. <00:07:20.476>And <00:07:20.477>then, <00:07:20.479>of

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<00:07:20.480>optical <00:07:20.580>domain <00:07:20.680>and <00:07:20.780>back. <00:07:20.880>And <00:07:20.980>then, <00:07:21.080>of <00:07:21.180>course, <00:07:21.280>the <00:07:21.380>heart <00:07:21.480>of <00:07:21.580>it <00:07:21.680>here <00:07:21.780>is <00:07:21.880>the

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<00:07:23.310>course, <00:07:23.311>the <00:07:23.312>heart <00:07:23.313>of <00:07:23.315>it <00:07:23.316>here <00:07:23.317>is <00:07:23.319>the

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<00:07:23.320>course, <00:07:23.427>the <00:07:23.535>heart <00:07:23.643>of <00:07:23.750>it <00:07:23.858>here <00:07:23.966>is <00:07:24.073>the <00:07:24.181>optical <00:07:24.289>chip, <00:07:24.396>in <00:07:24.504>which <00:07:24.612>the <00:07:24.719>actual

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<00:07:25.510>optical <00:07:25.511>chip, <00:07:25.513>in <00:07:25.515>which <00:07:25.517>the <00:07:25.519>actual

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<00:07:25.520>optical <00:07:25.719>chip, <00:07:25.919>in <00:07:26.120>which <00:07:26.320>the <00:07:26.520>actual <00:07:26.719>computation <00:07:26.919>happens.

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<00:07:29.360>Um <00:07:29.560>as <00:07:29.760>Lutz <00:07:29.960>said, <00:07:30.160>these <00:07:30.360>machines <00:07:30.560>are <00:07:30.760>very

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<00:07:32.310>Um <00:07:32.311>as <00:07:32.312>Lutz <00:07:32.313>said, <00:07:32.315>these <00:07:32.316>machines <00:07:32.317>are <00:07:32.319>very

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<00:07:32.320>Um <00:07:32.436>as <00:07:32.553>Lutz <00:07:32.670>said, <00:07:32.786>these <00:07:32.903>machines <00:07:33.020>are <00:07:33.136>very <00:07:33.253>power-efficient <00:07:33.370>because <00:07:33.486>the <00:07:33.603>laser <00:07:33.719>that

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<00:07:34.430>power-efficient <00:07:34.432>because <00:07:34.434>the <00:07:34.436>laser <00:07:34.439>that

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<00:07:34.440>power-efficient <00:07:34.541>because <00:07:34.643>the <00:07:34.745>laser <00:07:34.846>that <00:07:34.948>you <00:07:35.050>have <00:07:35.151>in <00:07:35.253>this <00:07:35.355>is <00:07:35.457>on <00:07:35.558>the <00:07:35.660>order <00:07:35.762>of

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<00:07:35.909>you <00:07:35.910>have <00:07:35.911>in <00:07:35.912>this <00:07:35.913>is <00:07:35.914>on <00:07:35.915>the <00:07:35.916>order <00:07:35.918>of

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<00:07:35.919>you <00:07:36.019>have <00:07:36.119>in <00:07:36.219>this <00:07:36.318>is <00:07:36.419>on <00:07:36.519>the <00:07:36.619>order <00:07:36.719>of <00:07:36.818>milliwatts. <00:07:36.919>Compare <00:07:37.019>that <00:07:37.119>to <00:07:37.219>I <00:07:37.318>don't

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<00:07:38.030>milliwatts. <00:07:38.031>Compare <00:07:38.033>that <00:07:38.035>to <00:07:38.037>I <00:07:38.039>don't

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<00:07:38.040>milliwatts. <00:07:38.140>Compare <00:07:38.240>that <00:07:38.340>to <00:07:38.440>I <00:07:38.540>don't <00:07:38.640>know, <00:07:38.740>700 <00:07:38.840>W <00:07:38.940>GPU. <00:07:39.040>So, <00:07:39.140>if <00:07:39.240>you <00:07:39.340>don't <00:07:39.440>have

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<00:07:42.590>know, <00:07:42.591>700 <00:07:42.592>W <00:07:42.593>GPU. <00:07:42.594>So, <00:07:42.595>if <00:07:42.596>you <00:07:42.597>don't <00:07:42.599>have

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<00:07:42.600>know, <00:07:42.687>700 <00:07:42.775>W <00:07:42.862>GPU. <00:07:42.950>So, <00:07:43.037>if <00:07:43.125>you <00:07:43.212>don't <00:07:43.300>have <00:07:43.387>to <00:07:43.475>spend <00:07:43.562>so <00:07:43.650>much <00:07:43.737>energy, <00:07:43.825>you <00:07:43.912>also <00:07:44.000>don't

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<00:07:44.230>to <00:07:44.231>spend <00:07:44.232>so <00:07:44.233>much <00:07:44.235>energy, <00:07:44.236>you <00:07:44.237>also <00:07:44.239>don't

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<00:07:44.240>to <00:07:44.340>spend <00:07:44.440>so <00:07:44.540>much <00:07:44.640>energy, <00:07:44.740>you <00:07:44.840>also <00:07:44.940>don't <00:07:45.040>have <00:07:45.140>to <00:07:45.240>spend <00:07:45.340>so <00:07:45.440>much <00:07:45.540>cooling, <00:07:45.640>which

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<00:07:45.909>have <00:07:45.911>to <00:07:45.913>spend <00:07:45.914>so <00:07:45.916>much <00:07:45.917>cooling, <00:07:45.919>which

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<00:07:45.920>have <00:07:46.013>to <00:07:46.106>spend <00:07:46.200>so <00:07:46.293>much <00:07:46.386>cooling, <00:07:46.480>which <00:07:46.573>means <00:07:46.666>you <00:07:46.760>can <00:07:46.853>put <00:07:46.946>more <00:07:47.040>of <00:07:47.133>these <00:07:47.226>cards <00:07:47.320>in

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<00:07:48.350>means <00:07:48.351>you <00:07:48.352>can <00:07:48.353>put <00:07:48.354>more <00:07:48.355>of <00:07:48.356>these <00:07:48.357>cards <00:07:48.359>in

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<00:07:48.360>means <00:07:48.487>you <00:07:48.614>can <00:07:48.741>put <00:07:48.869>more <00:07:48.996>of <00:07:49.123>these <00:07:49.250>cards <00:07:49.378>in <00:07:49.505>a <00:07:49.632>single <00:07:49.760>server.

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<00:07:50.150>a <00:07:50.154>single <00:07:50.159>server.

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<00:07:50.159>a <00:07:50.299>single <00:07:50.439>server. <00:07:50.580>Um <00:07:50.719>so, <00:07:50.859>you <00:07:50.999>can <00:07:51.140>build <00:07:51.280>a <00:07:51.419>native <00:07:51.559>processing

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<00:07:51.950>Um <00:07:51.951>so, <00:07:51.952>you <00:07:51.953>can <00:07:51.955>build <00:07:51.956>a <00:07:51.957>native <00:07:51.959>processing

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<00:07:51.960>Um <00:07:52.053>so, <00:07:52.146>you <00:07:52.239>can <00:07:52.333>build <00:07:52.426>a <00:07:52.520>native <00:07:52.613>processing <00:07:52.706>server <00:07:52.799>by <00:07:52.893>just <00:07:52.986>stacking <00:07:53.080>as <00:07:53.173>many <00:07:53.266>cards <00:07:53.359>as

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<00:07:54.150>server <00:07:54.151>by <00:07:54.152>just <00:07:54.153>stacking <00:07:54.155>as <00:07:54.156>many <00:07:54.157>cards <00:07:54.159>as

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<00:07:54.159>server <00:07:54.253>by <00:07:54.346>just <00:07:54.439>stacking <00:07:54.533>as <00:07:54.626>many <00:07:54.719>cards <00:07:54.813>as <00:07:54.906>you <00:07:54.999>can <00:07:55.093>physically <00:07:55.186>fit <00:07:55.280>into <00:07:55.373>the <00:07:55.466>box, <00:07:55.559>and

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<00:07:56.950>you <00:07:56.951>can <00:07:56.952>physically <00:07:56.953>fit <00:07:56.955>into <00:07:56.956>the <00:07:56.957>box, <00:07:56.959>and

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<00:07:56.960>you <00:07:57.067>can <00:07:57.175>physically <00:07:57.283>fit <00:07:57.390>into <00:07:57.498>the <00:07:57.606>box, <00:07:57.713>and <00:07:57.821>you <00:07:57.929>can <00:07:58.036>play <00:07:58.144>this <00:07:58.252>game <00:07:58.359>again.

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<00:07:59.150>you <00:07:59.151>can <00:07:59.153>play <00:07:59.155>this <00:07:59.157>game <00:07:59.159>again.

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<00:07:59.159>you <00:07:59.287>can <00:07:59.414>play <00:07:59.541>this <00:07:59.669>game <00:07:59.796>again. <00:07:59.923>Um <00:08:00.050>if <00:08:00.178>you <00:08:00.305>have <00:08:00.432>very <00:08:00.559>energy-efficient

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<00:08:01.110>Um <00:08:01.111>if <00:08:01.113>you <00:08:01.115>have <00:08:01.117>very <00:08:01.119>energy-efficient

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<00:08:01.120>Um <00:08:01.227>if <00:08:01.335>you <00:08:01.443>have <00:08:01.550>very <00:08:01.658>energy-efficient <00:08:01.766>servers, <00:08:01.873>you <00:08:01.981>can <00:08:02.089>put <00:08:02.196>more <00:08:02.304>servers <00:08:02.412>into <00:08:02.520>a

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<00:08:03.350>servers, <00:08:03.351>you <00:08:03.352>can <00:08:03.353>put <00:08:03.355>more <00:08:03.356>servers <00:08:03.357>into <00:08:03.359>a

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<00:08:03.360>servers, <00:08:03.467>you <00:08:03.575>can <00:08:03.683>put <00:08:03.790>more <00:08:03.898>servers <00:08:04.006>into <00:08:04.113>a <00:08:04.221>rack, <00:08:04.329>which <00:08:04.436>is <00:08:04.544>something <00:08:04.652>that <00:08:04.760>data

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<00:08:05.190>rack, <00:08:05.191>which <00:08:05.193>is <00:08:05.195>something <00:08:05.197>that <00:08:05.199>data

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<00:08:05.200>rack, <00:08:05.316>which <00:08:05.433>is <00:08:05.550>something <00:08:05.666>that <00:08:05.783>data <00:08:05.900>center <00:08:06.016>providers <00:08:06.133>love. <00:08:06.250>And <00:08:06.366>you <00:08:06.483>can <00:08:06.599>put

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<00:08:07.630>center <00:08:07.631>providers <00:08:07.633>love. <00:08:07.634>And <00:08:07.635>you <00:08:07.637>can <00:08:07.639>put

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<00:08:07.640>center <00:08:07.730>providers <00:08:07.821>love. <00:08:07.911>And <00:08:08.002>you <00:08:08.092>can <00:08:08.183>put <00:08:08.274>more <00:08:08.364>racks <00:08:08.455>in <00:08:08.546>the <00:08:08.636>room. <00:08:08.727>You <00:08:08.817>get <00:08:08.908>the <00:08:08.998>the

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<00:08:09.150>more <00:08:09.151>racks <00:08:09.152>in <00:08:09.153>the <00:08:09.154>room. <00:08:09.155>You <00:08:09.156>get <00:08:09.157>the <00:08:09.159>the

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<00:08:09.160>more <00:08:09.253>racks <00:08:09.346>in <00:08:09.440>the <00:08:09.533>room. <00:08:09.626>You <00:08:09.720>get <00:08:09.813>the <00:08:09.906>the <00:08:10.000>game. <00:08:10.093>Um <00:08:10.186>you <00:08:10.280>can <00:08:10.373>just <00:08:10.466>increase <00:08:10.560>the

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<00:08:11.310>game. <00:08:11.311>Um <00:08:11.313>you <00:08:11.314>can <00:08:11.316>just <00:08:11.317>increase <00:08:11.319>the

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<00:08:11.320>game. <00:08:11.447>Um <00:08:11.574>you <00:08:11.701>can <00:08:11.829>just <00:08:11.956>increase <00:08:12.083>the <00:08:12.210>compute <00:08:12.338>density <00:08:12.465>massively <00:08:12.592>because <00:08:12.719>you

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<00:08:13.070>compute <00:08:13.072>density <00:08:13.074>massively <00:08:13.076>because <00:08:13.079>you

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<00:08:13.080>compute <00:08:13.207>density <00:08:13.334>massively <00:08:13.461>because <00:08:13.589>you <00:08:13.716>don't <00:08:13.843>have <00:08:13.970>to <00:08:14.098>care <00:08:14.225>so <00:08:14.352>much <00:08:14.479>about

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<00:08:14.750>don't <00:08:14.751>have <00:08:14.753>to <00:08:14.754>care <00:08:14.756>so <00:08:14.757>much <00:08:14.759>about

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<00:08:14.760>don't <00:08:14.960>have <00:08:15.159>to <00:08:15.360>care <00:08:15.560>so <00:08:15.760>much <00:08:15.960>about <00:08:16.159>cooling.

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cooling.

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<00:08:16.520>cooling. <00:08:16.675>And <00:08:16.831>now, <00:08:16.986>Utz <00:08:17.142>is <00:08:17.297>going <00:08:17.453>to <00:08:17.608>tell <00:08:17.764>you <00:08:17.919>what

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<00:08:18.230>And <00:08:18.231>now, <00:08:18.232>Utz <00:08:18.233>is <00:08:18.234>going <00:08:18.235>to <00:08:18.236>tell <00:08:18.237>you <00:08:18.239>what

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<00:08:18.240>And <00:08:18.322>now, <00:08:18.404>Utz <00:08:18.487>is <00:08:18.569>going <00:08:18.651>to <00:08:18.734>tell <00:08:18.816>you <00:08:18.898>what <00:08:18.981>you <00:08:19.063>can <00:08:19.145>do <00:08:19.228>once <00:08:19.310>you <00:08:19.392>have <00:08:19.475>such <00:08:19.557>a <00:08:19.640>system.

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<00:08:24.480>&gt;&gt; <00:08:24.620>So, <00:08:24.760>this <00:08:24.900>is <00:08:25.040>a <00:08:25.180>view <00:08:25.320>This <00:08:25.460>is <00:08:25.600>a <00:08:25.740>view <00:08:25.880>of

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<00:08:27.590>&gt;&gt; <00:08:27.590>So, <00:08:27.591>this <00:08:27.592>is <00:08:27.593>a <00:08:27.594>view <00:08:27.595>This <00:08:27.596>is <00:08:27.597>a <00:08:27.598>view <00:08:27.599>of

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<00:08:27.600>&gt;&gt; <00:08:27.677>So, <00:08:27.755>this <00:08:27.833>is <00:08:27.911>a <00:08:27.988>view <00:08:28.066>This <00:08:28.144>is <00:08:28.222>a <00:08:28.300>view <00:08:28.377>of <00:08:28.455>what <00:08:28.533>we've <00:08:28.611>done <00:08:28.688>the <00:08:28.766>last <00:08:28.844>few <00:08:28.922>years. <00:08:29.000>It's

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<00:08:30.270>what <00:08:30.271>we've <00:08:30.272>done <00:08:30.273>the <00:08:30.275>last <00:08:30.276>few <00:08:30.277>years. <00:08:30.279>It's

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<00:08:30.280>what <00:08:30.373>we've <00:08:30.466>done <00:08:30.559>the <00:08:30.653>last <00:08:30.746>few <00:08:30.840>years. <00:08:30.933>It's <00:08:31.026>a <00:08:31.119>look <00:08:31.213>back <00:08:31.306>into <00:08:31.400>history. <00:08:31.493>Um <00:08:31.586>we <00:08:31.679>have

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<00:08:33.309>a <00:08:33.311>look <00:08:33.312>back <00:08:33.313>into <00:08:33.315>history. <00:08:33.316>Um <00:08:33.317>we <00:08:33.319>have

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<00:08:33.320>a <00:08:33.427>look <00:08:33.535>back <00:08:33.643>into <00:08:33.750>history. <00:08:33.858>Um <00:08:33.966>we <00:08:34.073>have <00:08:34.181>been <00:08:34.289>building <00:08:34.396>hardware <00:08:34.504>and <00:08:34.612>have <00:08:34.720>hardware

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<00:08:35.669>been <00:08:35.671>building <00:08:35.673>hardware <00:08:35.675>and <00:08:35.677>have <00:08:35.679>hardware

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<00:08:35.679>been <00:08:35.835>building <00:08:35.991>hardware <00:08:36.146>and <00:08:36.302>have <00:08:36.457>hardware <00:08:36.613>had <00:08:36.768>available <00:08:36.924>since <00:08:37.079>2023.

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<00:08:38.789>had <00:08:38.793>available <00:08:38.795>since <00:08:38.799>2023.

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<00:08:38.799>had <00:08:38.916>available <00:08:39.032>since <00:08:39.148>2023. <00:08:39.265>And <00:08:39.381>by <00:08:39.497>the <00:08:39.613>way, <00:08:39.730>there <00:08:39.846>are <00:08:39.962>two <00:08:40.078>kind <00:08:40.195>of

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<00:08:40.350>And <00:08:40.351>by <00:08:40.352>the <00:08:40.353>way, <00:08:40.354>there <00:08:40.355>are <00:08:40.356>two <00:08:40.357>kind <00:08:40.359>of

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<00:08:40.360>And <00:08:40.487>by <00:08:40.614>the <00:08:40.741>way, <00:08:40.869>there <00:08:40.996>are <00:08:41.123>two <00:08:41.250>kind <00:08:41.378>of <00:08:41.505>startups, <00:08:41.632>right? <00:08:41.760>Um

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<00:08:42.830>startups, <00:08:42.834>right? <00:08:42.839>Um

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<00:08:42.840>startups, <00:08:42.995>right? <00:08:43.151>Um <00:08:43.306>the <00:08:43.462>startups <00:08:43.617>that <00:08:43.773>have <00:08:43.928>got <00:08:44.084>hardware, <00:08:44.240>and

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<00:08:44.670>the <00:08:44.671>startups <00:08:44.673>that <00:08:44.674>have <00:08:44.675>got <00:08:44.677>hardware, <00:08:44.679>and

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<00:08:44.680>the <00:08:44.787>startups <00:08:44.895>that <00:08:45.003>have <00:08:45.110>got <00:08:45.218>hardware, <00:08:45.326>and <00:08:45.433>those <00:08:45.541>that <00:08:45.649>have <00:08:45.756>no <00:08:45.864>hardware <00:08:45.972>just <00:08:46.079>yet,

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<00:08:46.990>those <00:08:46.991>that <00:08:46.993>have <00:08:46.994>no <00:08:46.996>hardware <00:08:46.997>just <00:08:46.999>yet,

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<00:08:47.000>those <00:08:47.155>that <00:08:47.311>have <00:08:47.466>no <00:08:47.622>hardware <00:08:47.777>just <00:08:47.933>yet, <00:08:48.088>but <00:08:48.244>just <00:08:48.400>PowerPoint.

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<00:08:48.750>but <00:08:48.754>just <00:08:48.759>PowerPoint.

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<00:08:48.760>but <00:08:49.045>just <00:08:49.330>PowerPoint. <00:08:49.615>Um

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Um

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<00:08:49.720>Um <00:08:50.420>so, <00:08:51.120>on

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<00:08:51.670>so, <00:08:51.679>on

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<00:08:51.680>so, <00:08:51.819>on <00:08:51.959>it <00:08:52.099>The <00:08:52.239>first <00:08:52.380>thing <00:08:52.520>we <00:08:52.660>did <00:08:52.800>was <00:08:52.939>sort <00:08:53.079>of

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<00:08:54.590>it <00:08:54.591>The <00:08:54.592>first <00:08:54.593>thing <00:08:54.594>we <00:08:54.595>did <00:08:54.596>was <00:08:54.597>sort <00:08:54.599>of

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<00:08:54.600>it <00:08:54.687>The <00:08:54.775>first <00:08:54.862>thing <00:08:54.950>we <00:08:55.037>did <00:08:55.125>was <00:08:55.212>sort <00:08:55.300>of <00:08:55.387>the <00:08:55.475>hello <00:08:55.562>world <00:08:55.650>of <00:08:55.737>the <00:08:55.825>AI <00:08:55.912>world, <00:08:56.000>which

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<00:08:56.910>the <00:08:56.911>hello <00:08:56.912>world <00:08:56.913>of <00:08:56.915>the <00:08:56.916>AI <00:08:56.917>world, <00:08:56.919>which

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<00:08:56.920>the <00:08:57.036>hello <00:08:57.153>world <00:08:57.270>of <00:08:57.386>the <00:08:57.503>AI <00:08:57.620>world, <00:08:57.736>which <00:08:57.853>is <00:08:57.969>the <00:08:58.086>MNIST <00:08:58.203>data <00:08:58.319>set.

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<00:08:59.030>is <00:08:59.032>the <00:08:59.034>MNIST <00:08:59.036>data <00:08:59.039>set.

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<00:08:59.040>is <00:08:59.254>the <00:08:59.468>MNIST <00:08:59.682>data <00:08:59.896>set. <00:09:00.111>Um

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Um

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<00:09:00.240>Um <00:09:00.590>that's <00:09:00.940>just <00:09:01.290>digit <00:09:01.640>recognition,

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<00:09:02.710>that's <00:09:02.713>just <00:09:02.716>digit <00:09:02.719>recognition,

00:09:02.720 --> 00:09:05.110 align:start position:0%
<00:09:02.720>that's <00:09:02.875>just <00:09:03.031>digit <00:09:03.186>recognition, <00:09:03.342>standard <00:09:03.497>use <00:09:03.653>case, <00:09:03.808>standard <00:09:03.964>model, <00:09:04.120>no

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<00:09:05.110>standard <00:09:05.111>use <00:09:05.113>case, <00:09:05.115>standard <00:09:05.117>model, <00:09:05.119>no

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<00:09:05.120>standard <00:09:05.227>use <00:09:05.335>case, <00:09:05.443>standard <00:09:05.550>model, <00:09:05.658>no <00:09:05.766>big <00:09:05.873>thing. <00:09:05.981>It <00:09:06.089>was <00:09:06.196>still <00:09:06.304>a <00:09:06.412>proof <00:09:06.520>point

00:09:07.550 --> 00:09:07.560 align:start position:0%
<00:09:07.550>big <00:09:07.551>thing. <00:09:07.552>It <00:09:07.553>was <00:09:07.555>still <00:09:07.556>a <00:09:07.557>proof <00:09:07.559>point

00:09:07.560 --> 00:09:10.030 align:start position:0%
<00:09:07.560>big <00:09:07.647>thing. <00:09:07.734>It <00:09:07.822>was <00:09:07.910>still <00:09:07.997>a <00:09:08.084>proof <00:09:08.172>point <00:09:08.260>for <00:09:08.347>us <00:09:08.435>that, <00:09:08.522>okay, <00:09:08.609>this <00:09:08.697>is <00:09:08.785>real. <00:09:08.872>We <00:09:08.959>can

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<00:09:10.030>for <00:09:10.031>us <00:09:10.032>that, <00:09:10.033>okay, <00:09:10.034>this <00:09:10.035>is <00:09:10.036>real. <00:09:10.037>We <00:09:10.039>can

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<00:09:10.040>for <00:09:10.175>us <00:09:10.311>that, <00:09:10.447>okay, <00:09:10.583>this <00:09:10.719>is <00:09:10.855>real. <00:09:10.991>We <00:09:11.127>can <00:09:11.263>do <00:09:11.399>something.

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<00:09:11.550>do <00:09:11.559>something.

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<00:09:11.560>do <00:09:11.699>something. <00:09:11.839>And <00:09:11.979>yes, <00:09:12.119>not <00:09:12.260>impressive <00:09:12.400>as <00:09:12.540>a <00:09:12.680>use <00:09:12.819>case <00:09:12.959>by

00:09:13.630 --> 00:09:13.640 align:start position:0%
<00:09:13.630>And <00:09:13.631>yes, <00:09:13.632>not <00:09:13.633>impressive <00:09:13.634>as <00:09:13.635>a <00:09:13.636>use <00:09:13.637>case <00:09:13.639>by

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<00:09:13.640>And <00:09:13.740>yes, <00:09:13.840>not <00:09:13.939>impressive <00:09:14.040>as <00:09:14.140>a <00:09:14.240>use <00:09:14.340>case <00:09:14.439>by <00:09:14.540>itself, <00:09:14.640>but <00:09:14.740>imagine <00:09:14.840>that <00:09:14.939>happens <00:09:15.040>because

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<00:09:16.350>itself, <00:09:16.351>but <00:09:16.353>imagine <00:09:16.355>that <00:09:16.357>happens <00:09:16.359>because

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<00:09:16.360>itself, <00:09:16.467>but <00:09:16.575>imagine <00:09:16.683>that <00:09:16.790>happens <00:09:16.898>because <00:09:17.006>light <00:09:17.113>runs <00:09:17.221>on <00:09:17.329>a <00:09:17.436>chip <00:09:17.544>and <00:09:17.652>somehow <00:09:17.760>is

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<00:09:18.630>light <00:09:18.631>runs <00:09:18.632>on <00:09:18.633>a <00:09:18.635>chip <00:09:18.636>and <00:09:18.637>somehow <00:09:18.639>is

00:09:18.640 --> 00:09:20.110 align:start position:0%
<00:09:18.640>light <00:09:18.734>runs <00:09:18.829>on <00:09:18.923>a <00:09:19.018>chip <00:09:19.112>and <00:09:19.207>somehow <00:09:19.301>is <00:09:19.396>modulated, <00:09:19.490>and <00:09:19.585>then <00:09:19.679>then <00:09:19.774>you <00:09:19.868>get <00:09:19.963>a

00:09:20.110 --> 00:09:20.120 align:start position:0%
<00:09:20.110>modulated, <00:09:20.111>and <00:09:20.113>then <00:09:20.114>then <00:09:20.116>you <00:09:20.117>get <00:09:20.119>a

00:09:20.120 --> 00:09:22.990 align:start position:0%
<00:09:20.120>modulated, <00:09:20.236>and <00:09:20.353>then <00:09:20.470>then <00:09:20.586>you <00:09:20.703>get <00:09:20.820>a <00:09:20.936>result <00:09:21.053>out, <00:09:21.170>and <00:09:21.286>you <00:09:21.403>recognize <00:09:21.520>some

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<00:09:22.990>result <00:09:22.991>out, <00:09:22.993>and <00:09:22.995>you <00:09:22.997>recognize <00:09:22.999>some

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<00:09:23.000>result <00:09:23.226>out, <00:09:23.453>and <00:09:23.679>you <00:09:23.906>recognize <00:09:24.132>some <00:09:24.359>digits.

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digits.

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<00:09:24.520>digits. <00:09:24.753>Um <00:09:24.986>next <00:09:25.220>thing <00:09:25.453>was <00:09:25.686>image <00:09:25.920>uh

00:09:27.829 --> 00:09:27.839 align:start position:0%
<00:09:27.829>Um <00:09:27.830>next <00:09:27.832>thing <00:09:27.834>was <00:09:27.836>image <00:09:27.838>uh

00:09:27.839 --> 00:09:30.030 align:start position:0%
<00:09:27.839>Um <00:09:27.966>next <00:09:28.093>thing <00:09:28.220>was <00:09:28.348>image <00:09:28.475>uh <00:09:28.602>classification <00:09:28.729>based <00:09:28.857>on <00:09:28.984>a <00:09:29.111>ResNet <00:09:29.238>18

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<00:09:30.030>classification <00:09:30.031>based <00:09:30.033>on <00:09:30.035>a <00:09:30.037>ResNet <00:09:30.039>18

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<00:09:30.040>classification <00:09:30.240>based <00:09:30.439>on <00:09:30.640>a <00:09:30.839>ResNet <00:09:31.040>18 <00:09:31.240>network, <00:09:31.439>also

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<00:09:31.790>network, <00:09:31.799>also

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<00:09:31.800>network, <00:09:32.033>also <00:09:32.266>well-known <00:09:32.500>network, <00:09:32.733>well <00:09:32.966>understood, <00:09:33.199>not

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<00:09:34.270>well-known <00:09:34.272>network, <00:09:34.274>well <00:09:34.276>understood, <00:09:34.279>not

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<00:09:34.280>well-known <00:09:34.407>network, <00:09:34.534>well <00:09:34.661>understood, <00:09:34.789>not <00:09:34.916>the <00:09:35.043>huge <00:09:35.170>workload, <00:09:35.298>but <00:09:35.425>just, <00:09:35.552>you <00:09:35.680>know,

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<00:09:36.550>the <00:09:36.551>huge <00:09:36.553>workload, <00:09:36.554>but <00:09:36.555>just, <00:09:36.557>you <00:09:36.559>know,

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<00:09:36.560>the <00:09:36.660>huge <00:09:36.760>workload, <00:09:36.859>but <00:09:36.959>just, <00:09:37.060>you <00:09:37.160>know, <00:09:37.260>getting <00:09:37.359>more <00:09:37.459>than <00:09:37.560>just <00:09:37.660>our <00:09:37.760>toe <00:09:37.859>wet, <00:09:37.959>but

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<00:09:39.550>getting <00:09:39.551>more <00:09:39.552>than <00:09:39.553>just <00:09:39.555>our <00:09:39.556>toe <00:09:39.557>wet, <00:09:39.559>but

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<00:09:39.560>getting <00:09:39.649>more <00:09:39.738>than <00:09:39.828>just <00:09:39.917>our <00:09:40.006>toe <00:09:40.096>wet, <00:09:40.185>but <00:09:40.274>tapping <00:09:40.364>a <00:09:40.453>little <00:09:40.542>bit <00:09:40.632>more <00:09:40.721>into <00:09:40.811>the

00:09:40.950 --> 00:09:40.960 align:start position:0%
<00:09:40.950>tapping <00:09:40.951>a <00:09:40.953>little <00:09:40.954>bit <00:09:40.956>more <00:09:40.957>into <00:09:40.959>the

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<00:09:40.960>tapping <00:09:41.113>a <00:09:41.266>little <00:09:41.419>bit <00:09:41.572>more <00:09:41.725>into <00:09:41.878>the <00:09:42.031>water.

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water.

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<00:09:42.160>water. <00:09:42.393>Um <00:09:42.626>a <00:09:42.860>unit <00:09:43.093>architecture <00:09:43.326>for <00:09:43.560>image

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<00:09:45.390>Um <00:09:45.391>a <00:09:45.393>unit <00:09:45.395>architecture <00:09:45.397>for <00:09:45.399>image

00:09:45.400 --> 00:09:48.590 align:start position:0%
<00:09:45.400>Um <00:09:45.540>a <00:09:45.680>unit <00:09:45.819>architecture <00:09:45.959>for <00:09:46.100>image <00:09:46.240>segmentation <00:09:46.380>also <00:09:46.520>sort <00:09:46.660>of <00:09:46.800>worked

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<00:09:48.590>segmentation <00:09:48.592>also <00:09:48.594>sort <00:09:48.596>of <00:09:48.599>worked

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<00:09:48.600>segmentation <00:09:48.727>also <00:09:48.854>sort <00:09:48.981>of <00:09:49.109>worked <00:09:49.236>flawlessly. <00:09:49.363>I <00:09:49.490>mean, <00:09:49.618>yes, <00:09:49.745>there <00:09:49.872>is <00:09:50.000>blood,

00:09:50.790 --> 00:09:50.800 align:start position:0%
<00:09:50.790>flawlessly. <00:09:50.791>I <00:09:50.793>mean, <00:09:50.794>yes, <00:09:50.795>there <00:09:50.797>is <00:09:50.799>blood,

00:09:50.800 --> 00:09:52.950 align:start position:0%
<00:09:50.800>flawlessly. <00:09:50.916>I <00:09:51.033>mean, <00:09:51.150>yes, <00:09:51.266>there <00:09:51.383>is <00:09:51.500>blood, <00:09:51.616>sweat, <00:09:51.733>and <00:09:51.849>tears <00:09:51.966>along <00:09:52.083>the <00:09:52.199>way

00:09:52.950 --> 00:09:52.960 align:start position:0%
<00:09:52.950>sweat, <00:09:52.951>and <00:09:52.953>tears <00:09:52.955>along <00:09:52.957>the <00:09:52.959>way

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<00:09:52.960>sweat, <00:09:53.067>and <00:09:53.175>tears <00:09:53.283>along <00:09:53.390>the <00:09:53.498>way <00:09:53.606>to <00:09:53.713>really <00:09:53.821>make <00:09:53.929>that <00:09:54.036>all <00:09:54.144>work <00:09:54.252>and <00:09:54.360>and

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<00:09:55.550>to <00:09:55.551>really <00:09:55.552>make <00:09:55.553>that <00:09:55.555>all <00:09:55.556>work <00:09:55.557>and <00:09:55.559>and

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<00:09:55.560>to <00:09:55.687>really <00:09:55.814>make <00:09:55.941>that <00:09:56.069>all <00:09:56.196>work <00:09:56.323>and <00:09:56.450>and <00:09:56.578>across <00:09:56.705>the <00:09:56.832>whole <00:09:56.959>stack.

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<00:09:57.350>across <00:09:57.353>the <00:09:57.356>whole <00:09:57.359>stack.

00:09:57.360 --> 00:09:59.110 align:start position:0%
<00:09:57.360>across <00:09:57.500>the <00:09:57.640>whole <00:09:57.780>stack. <00:09:57.920>But <00:09:58.060>that's <00:09:58.200>sort <00:09:58.340>of <00:09:58.480>the <00:09:58.620>standard <00:09:58.760>workload

00:09:59.110 --> 00:09:59.120 align:start position:0%
<00:09:59.110>But <00:09:59.111>that's <00:09:59.113>sort <00:09:59.114>of <00:09:59.116>the <00:09:59.117>standard <00:09:59.119>workload

00:09:59.120 --> 00:10:01.950 align:start position:0%
<00:09:59.120>But <00:09:59.295>that's <00:09:59.470>sort <00:09:59.645>of <00:09:59.820>the <00:09:59.995>standard <00:10:00.170>workload <00:10:00.345>so <00:10:00.520>far.

00:10:01.960 --> 00:10:04.950 align:start position:0%
<00:10:01.960>What <00:10:02.135>we've <00:10:02.310>also <00:10:02.485>done <00:10:02.660>is <00:10:02.835>a <00:10:03.010>kind <00:10:03.185>of <00:10:03.360>image

00:10:04.950 --> 00:10:04.960 align:start position:0%
<00:10:04.950>What <00:10:04.951>we've <00:10:04.952>also <00:10:04.953>done <00:10:04.954>is <00:10:04.955>a <00:10:04.956>kind <00:10:04.957>of <00:10:04.959>image

00:10:04.960 --> 00:10:06.830 align:start position:0%
<00:10:04.960>What <00:10:05.053>we've <00:10:05.146>also <00:10:05.240>done <00:10:05.333>is <00:10:05.426>a <00:10:05.520>kind <00:10:05.613>of <00:10:05.706>image <00:10:05.800>blurring. <00:10:05.893>That <00:10:05.986>was <00:10:06.080>a <00:10:06.173>neural <00:10:06.266>network <00:10:06.360>that

00:10:06.830 --> 00:10:06.840 align:start position:0%
<00:10:06.830>blurring. <00:10:06.831>That <00:10:06.833>was <00:10:06.834>a <00:10:06.836>neural <00:10:06.837>network <00:10:06.839>that

00:10:06.840 --> 00:10:09.110 align:start position:0%
<00:10:06.840>blurring. <00:10:06.995>That <00:10:07.151>was <00:10:07.306>a <00:10:07.462>neural <00:10:07.617>network <00:10:07.773>that <00:10:07.928>was <00:10:08.084>trained <00:10:08.240>to

00:10:09.110 --> 00:10:09.120 align:start position:0%
<00:10:09.110>was <00:10:09.114>trained <00:10:09.119>to

00:10:09.120 --> 00:10:11.710 align:start position:0%
<00:10:09.120>was <00:10:09.320>trained <00:10:09.520>to <00:10:09.720>reconstruct, <00:10:09.920>recreate <00:10:10.120>an <00:10:10.320>image. <00:10:10.520>So,

00:10:11.710 --> 00:10:11.720 align:start position:0%
<00:10:11.710>reconstruct, <00:10:11.712>recreate <00:10:11.714>an <00:10:11.716>image. <00:10:11.719>So,

00:10:11.720 --> 00:10:13.350 align:start position:0%
<00:10:11.720>reconstruct, <00:10:11.920>recreate <00:10:12.120>an <00:10:12.320>image. <00:10:12.520>So, <00:10:12.720>input <00:10:12.920>is <00:10:13.120>like

00:10:13.350 --> 00:10:13.360 align:start position:0%
<00:10:13.350>input <00:10:13.354>is <00:10:13.359>like

00:10:13.360 --> 00:10:17.150 align:start position:0%
<00:10:13.360>input <00:10:13.487>is <00:10:13.614>like <00:10:13.741>um <00:10:13.869>X <00:10:13.996>and <00:10:14.123>Y, <00:10:14.250>output <00:10:14.378>is <00:10:14.505>the <00:10:14.632>RGB <00:10:14.760>values.

00:10:17.150 --> 00:10:17.160 align:start position:0%
<00:10:17.150>um <00:10:17.151>X <00:10:17.152>and <00:10:17.153>Y, <00:10:17.154>output <00:10:17.155>is <00:10:17.156>the <00:10:17.157>RGB <00:10:17.159>values.

00:10:17.160 --> 00:10:19.030 align:start position:0%
<00:10:17.160>um <00:10:17.242>X <00:10:17.324>and <00:10:17.407>Y, <00:10:17.489>output <00:10:17.571>is <00:10:17.654>the <00:10:17.736>RGB <00:10:17.818>values. <00:10:17.901>That's <00:10:17.983>not <00:10:18.065>a <00:10:18.148>use <00:10:18.230>case <00:10:18.312>by <00:10:18.395>itself, <00:10:18.477>but <00:10:18.560>the

00:10:19.030 --> 00:10:19.040 align:start position:0%
<00:10:19.030>That's <00:10:19.031>not <00:10:19.032>a <00:10:19.033>use <00:10:19.034>case <00:10:19.035>by <00:10:19.036>itself, <00:10:19.037>but <00:10:19.039>the

00:10:19.040 --> 00:10:21.190 align:start position:0%
<00:10:19.040>That's <00:10:19.133>not <00:10:19.226>a <00:10:19.319>use <00:10:19.413>case <00:10:19.506>by <00:10:19.599>itself, <00:10:19.693>but <00:10:19.786>the <00:10:19.880>interesting <00:10:19.973>piece <00:10:20.066>was <00:10:20.160>that <00:10:20.253>we <00:10:20.346>did <00:10:20.439>not

00:10:21.190 --> 00:10:21.200 align:start position:0%
<00:10:21.190>interesting <00:10:21.191>piece <00:10:21.193>was <00:10:21.194>that <00:10:21.196>we <00:10:21.197>did <00:10:21.199>not

00:10:21.200 --> 00:10:24.350 align:start position:0%
<00:10:21.200>interesting <00:10:21.300>piece <00:10:21.400>was <00:10:21.500>that <00:10:21.600>we <00:10:21.700>did <00:10:21.800>not <00:10:21.900>only <00:10:22.000>use <00:10:22.100>uh <00:10:22.200>multiply <00:10:22.300>and <00:10:22.400>add <00:10:22.500>and <00:10:22.600>plus

00:10:24.350 --> 00:10:24.360 align:start position:0%
<00:10:24.350>only <00:10:24.351>use <00:10:24.352>uh <00:10:24.353>multiply <00:10:24.355>and <00:10:24.356>add <00:10:24.357>and <00:10:24.359>plus

00:10:24.360 --> 00:10:26.070 align:start position:0%
<00:10:24.360>only <00:10:24.467>use <00:10:24.575>uh <00:10:24.683>multiply <00:10:24.790>and <00:10:24.898>add <00:10:25.006>and <00:10:25.113>plus <00:10:25.221>some <00:10:25.329>activation <00:10:25.436>functions <00:10:25.544>in <00:10:25.652>the <00:10:25.760>neural

00:10:26.070 --> 00:10:26.080 align:start position:0%
<00:10:26.070>some <00:10:26.071>activation <00:10:26.073>functions <00:10:26.075>in <00:10:26.077>the <00:10:26.079>neural

00:10:26.080 --> 00:10:28.310 align:start position:0%
<00:10:26.080>some <00:10:26.207>activation <00:10:26.334>functions <00:10:26.461>in <00:10:26.589>the <00:10:26.716>neural <00:10:26.843>network, <00:10:26.970>but <00:10:27.098>we <00:10:27.225>changed <00:10:27.352>the <00:10:27.480>neural

00:10:28.310 --> 00:10:28.320 align:start position:0%
<00:10:28.310>network, <00:10:28.311>but <00:10:28.313>we <00:10:28.315>changed <00:10:28.317>the <00:10:28.319>neural

00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:30.710 align:start position:0%
<00:10:28.320>network, <00:10:28.447>but <00:10:28.574>we <00:10:28.701>changed <00:10:28.829>the <00:10:28.956>neural <00:10:29.083>network <00:10:29.210>architecture <00:10:29.338>to <00:10:29.465>use <00:10:29.592>more <00:10:29.720>complex

00:10:30.710 --> 00:10:30.720 align:start position:0%
<00:10:30.710>network <00:10:30.711>architecture <00:10:30.713>to <00:10:30.715>use <00:10:30.717>more <00:10:30.719>complex

00:10:30.720 --> 00:10:32.150 align:start position:0%
<00:10:30.720>network <00:10:30.934>architecture <00:10:31.149>to <00:10:31.363>use <00:10:31.578>more <00:10:31.792>complex <00:10:32.007>function.

00:10:32.150 --> 00:10:32.160 align:start position:0%
function.

00:10:32.160 --> 00:10:34.670 align:start position:0%
<00:10:32.160>function. <00:10:32.315>What <00:10:32.471>we <00:10:32.626>didn't <00:10:32.782>mention <00:10:32.937>so <00:10:33.093>far <00:10:33.248>is <00:10:33.404>yes, <00:10:33.560>a

00:10:34.670 --> 00:10:34.680 align:start position:0%
<00:10:34.670>What <00:10:34.671>we <00:10:34.672>didn't <00:10:34.673>mention <00:10:34.674>so <00:10:34.675>far <00:10:34.676>is <00:10:34.677>yes, <00:10:34.679>a

00:10:34.680 --> 00:10:37.190 align:start position:0%
<00:10:34.680>What <00:10:34.780>we <00:10:34.880>didn't <00:10:34.979>mention <00:10:35.079>so <00:10:35.180>far <00:10:35.280>is <00:10:35.380>yes, <00:10:35.479>a <00:10:35.579>multiplication <00:10:35.680>is <00:10:35.780>a <00:10:35.880>simple <00:10:35.979>thing, <00:10:36.079>but

00:10:37.190 --> 00:10:37.200 align:start position:0%
<00:10:37.190>multiplication <00:10:37.191>is <00:10:37.193>a <00:10:37.195>simple <00:10:37.197>thing, <00:10:37.199>but

00:10:37.200 --> 00:10:39.950 align:start position:0%
<00:10:37.200>multiplication <00:10:37.327>is <00:10:37.454>a <00:10:37.581>simple <00:10:37.709>thing, <00:10:37.836>but <00:10:37.963>you <00:10:38.090>only <00:10:38.218>need <00:10:38.345>2,000 <00:10:38.472>transistors <00:10:38.600>and

00:10:39.950 --> 00:10:39.960 align:start position:0%
<00:10:39.950>you <00:10:39.951>only <00:10:39.953>need <00:10:39.955>2,000 <00:10:39.957>transistors <00:10:39.959>and

00:10:39.960 --> 00:10:41.390 align:start position:0%
<00:10:39.960>you <00:10:40.174>only <00:10:40.389>need <00:10:40.603>2,000 <00:10:40.818>transistors <00:10:41.032>and <00:10:41.247>CMOS.

00:10:41.390 --> 00:10:41.400 align:start position:0%
CMOS.

00:10:41.400 --> 00:10:43.990 align:start position:0%
<00:10:41.400>CMOS. <00:10:41.600>What <00:10:41.800>if <00:10:42.000>we <00:10:42.199>talk <00:10:42.400>about <00:10:42.600>things <00:10:42.800>like

00:10:43.990 --> 00:10:44.000 align:start position:0%
<00:10:43.990>What <00:10:43.991>if <00:10:43.993>we <00:10:43.994>talk <00:10:43.996>about <00:10:43.997>things <00:10:43.999>like

00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:45.630 align:start position:0%
<00:10:44.000>What <00:10:44.200>if <00:10:44.400>we <00:10:44.600>talk <00:10:44.800>about <00:10:45.000>things <00:10:45.200>like <00:10:45.400>cosine?

00:10:45.630 --> 00:10:45.640 align:start position:0%
cosine?

00:10:45.640 --> 00:10:48.510 align:start position:0%
<00:10:45.640>cosine? <00:10:45.814>Um <00:10:45.990>cosine, <00:10:46.165>much <00:10:46.340>more <00:10:46.515>complex. <00:10:46.689>Uh <00:10:46.865>you <00:10:47.040>can

00:10:48.510 --> 00:10:48.520 align:start position:0%
<00:10:48.510>Um <00:10:48.511>cosine, <00:10:48.512>much <00:10:48.513>more <00:10:48.515>complex. <00:10:48.516>Uh <00:10:48.517>you <00:10:48.519>can

00:10:48.520 --> 00:10:51.390 align:start position:0%
<00:10:48.520>Um <00:10:48.613>cosine, <00:10:48.706>much <00:10:48.800>more <00:10:48.893>complex. <00:10:48.986>Uh <00:10:49.079>you <00:10:49.173>can <00:10:49.266>approximate <00:10:49.360>it <00:10:49.453>in <00:10:49.546>in <00:10:49.640>in <00:10:49.733>in <00:10:49.826>the <00:10:49.920>classical

00:10:51.390 --> 00:10:51.400 align:start position:0%
<00:10:51.390>approximate <00:10:51.391>it <00:10:51.392>in <00:10:51.393>in <00:10:51.395>in <00:10:51.396>in <00:10:51.397>the <00:10:51.399>classical

00:10:51.400 --> 00:10:52.550 align:start position:0%
<00:10:51.400>approximate <00:10:51.529>it <00:10:51.658>in <00:10:51.788>in <00:10:51.917>in <00:10:52.046>in <00:10:52.176>the <00:10:52.305>classical <00:10:52.435>world.

00:10:52.550 --> 00:10:52.560 align:start position:0%
world.

00:10:52.560 --> 00:10:54.670 align:start position:0%
<00:10:52.560>world. <00:10:52.734>Now, <00:10:52.910>we <00:10:53.084>can <00:10:53.260>do <00:10:53.435>that <00:10:53.609>natively <00:10:53.785>in <00:10:53.959>one

00:10:54.670 --> 00:10:54.680 align:start position:0%
<00:10:54.670>Now, <00:10:54.671>we <00:10:54.672>can <00:10:54.673>do <00:10:54.675>that <00:10:54.676>natively <00:10:54.677>in <00:10:54.679>one

00:10:54.680 --> 00:10:55.790 align:start position:0%
<00:10:54.680>Now, <00:10:54.804>we <00:10:54.929>can <00:10:55.054>do <00:10:55.179>that <00:10:55.304>natively <00:10:55.429>in <00:10:55.554>one <00:10:55.679>shot.

00:10:55.790 --> 00:10:55.800 align:start position:0%
shot.

00:10:55.800 --> 00:10:58.750 align:start position:0%
<00:10:55.800>shot. <00:10:55.955>Uh <00:10:56.111>so, <00:10:56.266>we <00:10:56.422>we <00:10:56.577>get <00:10:56.733>a <00:10:56.888>cosine <00:10:57.044>essentially <00:10:57.199>at

00:10:58.750 --> 00:10:58.760 align:start position:0%
<00:10:58.750>Uh <00:10:58.751>so, <00:10:58.752>we <00:10:58.753>we <00:10:58.754>get <00:10:58.755>a <00:10:58.756>cosine <00:10:58.757>essentially <00:10:58.759>at

00:10:58.760 --> 00:11:00.590 align:start position:0%
<00:10:58.760>Uh <00:10:58.900>so, <00:10:59.040>we <00:10:59.180>we <00:10:59.319>get <00:10:59.460>a <00:10:59.600>cosine <00:10:59.740>essentially <00:10:59.880>at <00:11:00.020>the <00:11:00.160>same

00:11:00.590 --> 00:11:00.600 align:start position:0%
<00:11:00.590>the <00:11:00.599>same

00:11:00.600 --> 00:11:01.990 align:start position:0%
<00:11:00.600>the <00:11:00.778>same <00:11:00.957>with <00:11:01.136>the <00:11:01.314>same <00:11:01.493>effort <00:11:01.672>than <00:11:01.851>a

00:11:01.990 --> 00:11:02.000 align:start position:0%
<00:11:01.990>with <00:11:01.991>the <00:11:01.993>same <00:11:01.995>effort <00:11:01.997>than <00:11:01.999>a

00:11:02.000 --> 00:11:04.910 align:start position:0%
<00:11:02.000>with <00:11:02.233>the <00:11:02.466>same <00:11:02.700>effort <00:11:02.933>than <00:11:03.166>a <00:11:03.400>multiplication.

00:11:04.920 --> 00:11:06.750 align:start position:0%
Now,

00:11:06.750 --> 00:11:06.760 align:start position:0%
Now,

00:11:06.760 --> 00:11:09.350 align:start position:0%
<00:11:06.760>Now, <00:11:06.935>not <00:11:07.110>too <00:11:07.285>many <00:11:07.460>people <00:11:07.635>out <00:11:07.810>there <00:11:07.985>use <00:11:08.160>cosine

00:11:09.350 --> 00:11:09.360 align:start position:0%
<00:11:09.350>not <00:11:09.351>too <00:11:09.352>many <00:11:09.353>people <00:11:09.355>out <00:11:09.356>there <00:11:09.357>use <00:11:09.359>cosine

00:11:09.360 --> 00:11:10.870 align:start position:0%
<00:11:09.360>not <00:11:09.464>too <00:11:09.569>many <00:11:09.673>people <00:11:09.778>out <00:11:09.882>there <00:11:09.987>use <00:11:10.091>cosine <00:11:10.196>for <00:11:10.300>neural <00:11:10.405>network <00:11:10.509>because <00:11:10.614>it's <00:11:10.719>more

00:11:10.870 --> 00:11:10.880 align:start position:0%
<00:11:10.870>for <00:11:10.871>neural <00:11:10.873>network <00:11:10.875>because <00:11:10.877>it's <00:11:10.879>more

00:11:10.880 --> 00:11:13.430 align:start position:0%
<00:11:10.880>for <00:11:11.007>neural <00:11:11.134>network <00:11:11.261>because <00:11:11.389>it's <00:11:11.516>more <00:11:11.643>expensive <00:11:11.770>and <00:11:11.898>maybe <00:11:12.025>less <00:11:12.152>understood, <00:11:12.280>but

00:11:13.430 --> 00:11:13.440 align:start position:0%
<00:11:13.430>expensive <00:11:13.431>and <00:11:13.433>maybe <00:11:13.435>less <00:11:13.437>understood, <00:11:13.439>but

00:11:13.440 --> 00:11:15.470 align:start position:0%
<00:11:13.440>expensive <00:11:13.547>and <00:11:13.655>maybe <00:11:13.763>less <00:11:13.870>understood, <00:11:13.978>but <00:11:14.086>there <00:11:14.193>are <00:11:14.301>some <00:11:14.409>some <00:11:14.516>papers <00:11:14.624>and <00:11:14.732>we <00:11:14.840>we

00:11:15.470 --> 00:11:15.480 align:start position:0%
<00:11:15.470>there <00:11:15.471>are <00:11:15.472>some <00:11:15.473>some <00:11:15.475>papers <00:11:15.476>and <00:11:15.477>we <00:11:15.479>we

00:11:15.480 --> 00:11:17.030 align:start position:0%
<00:11:15.480>there <00:11:15.619>are <00:11:15.759>some <00:11:15.898>some <00:11:16.038>papers <00:11:16.177>and <00:11:16.317>we <00:11:16.456>we <00:11:16.596>built <00:11:16.735>on <00:11:16.875>that.

00:11:17.030 --> 00:11:17.040 align:start position:0%
<00:11:17.030>built <00:11:17.034>on <00:11:17.039>that.

00:11:17.040 --> 00:11:18.510 align:start position:0%
<00:11:17.040>built <00:11:17.205>on <00:11:17.370>that. <00:11:17.536>Building <00:11:17.701>a <00:11:17.866>neural <00:11:18.032>network <00:11:18.197>based <00:11:18.363>on

00:11:18.510 --> 00:11:18.520 align:start position:0%
<00:11:18.510>Building <00:11:18.511>a <00:11:18.513>neural <00:11:18.515>network <00:11:18.517>based <00:11:18.519>on

00:11:18.520 --> 00:11:21.030 align:start position:0%
<00:11:18.520>Building <00:11:18.627>a <00:11:18.735>neural <00:11:18.843>network <00:11:18.950>based <00:11:19.058>on <00:11:19.166>cosine <00:11:19.273>and <00:11:19.381>and <00:11:19.489>now <00:11:19.596>let's <00:11:19.704>look <00:11:19.812>at <00:11:19.920>a

00:11:21.030 --> 00:11:21.040 align:start position:0%
<00:11:21.030>cosine <00:11:21.031>and <00:11:21.032>and <00:11:21.033>now <00:11:21.035>let's <00:11:21.036>look <00:11:21.037>at <00:11:21.039>a

00:11:21.040 --> 00:11:23.550 align:start position:0%
<00:11:21.040>cosine <00:11:21.140>and <00:11:21.240>and <00:11:21.339>now <00:11:21.439>let's <00:11:21.540>look <00:11:21.640>at <00:11:21.740>a <00:11:21.839>Fourier <00:11:21.939>series, <00:11:22.040>which <00:11:22.140>is <00:11:22.240>an <00:11:22.339>element <00:11:22.439>of

00:11:23.550 --> 00:11:23.560 align:start position:0%
<00:11:23.550>Fourier <00:11:23.551>series, <00:11:23.553>which <00:11:23.554>is <00:11:23.555>an <00:11:23.557>element <00:11:23.559>of

00:11:23.560 --> 00:11:25.990 align:start position:0%
<00:11:23.560>Fourier <00:11:23.660>series, <00:11:23.760>which <00:11:23.859>is <00:11:23.959>an <00:11:24.060>element <00:11:24.160>of <00:11:24.260>um <00:11:24.359>which <00:11:24.459>is <00:11:24.560>a <00:11:24.660>few <00:11:24.760>cosine <00:11:24.859>elements <00:11:24.959>with

00:11:25.990 --> 00:11:26.000 align:start position:0%
<00:11:25.990>um <00:11:25.991>which <00:11:25.992>is <00:11:25.993>a <00:11:25.995>few <00:11:25.996>cosine <00:11:25.997>elements <00:11:25.999>with

00:11:26.000 --> 00:11:28.070 align:start position:0%
<00:11:26.000>um <00:11:26.155>which <00:11:26.311>is <00:11:26.466>a <00:11:26.622>few <00:11:26.777>cosine <00:11:26.933>elements <00:11:27.088>with <00:11:27.244>different <00:11:27.400>frequencies.

00:11:28.070 --> 00:11:28.080 align:start position:0%
<00:11:28.070>different <00:11:28.079>frequencies.

00:11:28.080 --> 00:11:30.670 align:start position:0%
<00:11:28.080>different <00:11:28.220>frequencies. <00:11:28.360>Um <00:11:28.500>with <00:11:28.640>a <00:11:28.780>Fourier <00:11:28.920>series <00:11:29.060>with <00:11:29.200>just <00:11:29.340>a <00:11:29.480>few

00:11:30.670 --> 00:11:30.680 align:start position:0%
<00:11:30.670>Um <00:11:30.671>with <00:11:30.672>a <00:11:30.673>Fourier <00:11:30.674>series <00:11:30.675>with <00:11:30.676>just <00:11:30.677>a <00:11:30.679>few

00:11:30.680 --> 00:11:33.430 align:start position:0%
<00:11:30.680>Um <00:11:30.780>with <00:11:30.880>a <00:11:30.979>Fourier <00:11:31.079>series <00:11:31.180>with <00:11:31.280>just <00:11:31.380>a <00:11:31.479>few <00:11:31.579>cosine <00:11:31.680>element, <00:11:31.780>you <00:11:31.880>can <00:11:31.979>really <00:11:32.079>describe

00:11:33.430 --> 00:11:33.440 align:start position:0%
<00:11:33.430>cosine <00:11:33.431>element, <00:11:33.433>you <00:11:33.435>can <00:11:33.437>really <00:11:33.439>describe

00:11:33.440 --> 00:11:34.350 align:start position:0%
<00:11:33.440>cosine <00:11:33.576>element, <00:11:33.713>you <00:11:33.849>can <00:11:33.986>really <00:11:34.122>describe <00:11:34.259>very

00:11:34.350 --> 00:11:34.360 align:start position:0%
very

00:11:34.360 --> 00:11:37.270 align:start position:0%
<00:11:34.360>very <00:11:35.060>complicated <00:11:35.760>structures.

00:11:37.270 --> 00:11:37.280 align:start position:0%
<00:11:37.270>complicated <00:11:37.279>structures.

00:11:37.280 --> 00:11:41.350 align:start position:0%
<00:11:37.280>complicated <00:11:37.420>structures. <00:11:37.560>If <00:11:37.699>you <00:11:37.839>use <00:11:37.980>a <00:11:38.120>linear <00:11:38.260>uh <00:11:38.400>flow <00:11:38.540>and <00:11:38.680>and

00:11:41.350 --> 00:11:41.360 align:start position:0%
<00:11:41.350>If <00:11:41.351>you <00:11:41.352>use <00:11:41.353>a <00:11:41.354>linear <00:11:41.355>uh <00:11:41.356>flow <00:11:41.357>and <00:11:41.359>and

00:11:41.360 --> 00:11:43.550 align:start position:0%
<00:11:41.360>If <00:11:41.460>you <00:11:41.560>use <00:11:41.660>a <00:11:41.760>linear <00:11:41.860>uh <00:11:41.960>flow <00:11:42.060>and <00:11:42.160>and <00:11:42.260>linear <00:11:42.360>operations, <00:11:42.460>you <00:11:42.560>would <00:11:42.660>need <00:11:42.760>much

00:11:43.550 --> 00:11:43.560 align:start position:0%
<00:11:43.550>linear <00:11:43.551>operations, <00:11:43.553>you <00:11:43.555>would <00:11:43.557>need <00:11:43.559>much

00:11:43.560 --> 00:11:46.470 align:start position:0%
<00:11:43.560>linear <00:11:43.676>operations, <00:11:43.793>you <00:11:43.910>would <00:11:44.026>need <00:11:44.143>much <00:11:44.260>more <00:11:44.376>parameters. <00:11:44.493>So, <00:11:44.609>this <00:11:44.726>was <00:11:44.843>not <00:11:44.959>really

00:11:46.470 --> 00:11:46.480 align:start position:0%
<00:11:46.470>more <00:11:46.471>parameters. <00:11:46.473>So, <00:11:46.474>this <00:11:46.476>was <00:11:46.477>not <00:11:46.479>really

00:11:46.480 --> 00:11:48.550 align:start position:0%
<00:11:46.480>more <00:11:46.573>parameters. <00:11:46.666>So, <00:11:46.760>this <00:11:46.853>was <00:11:46.946>not <00:11:47.040>really <00:11:47.133>can <00:11:47.226>be <00:11:47.320>run <00:11:47.413>this, <00:11:47.506>but <00:11:47.600>this <00:11:47.693>was <00:11:47.786>also <00:11:47.880>a

00:11:48.550 --> 00:11:48.560 align:start position:0%
<00:11:48.550>can <00:11:48.551>be <00:11:48.552>run <00:11:48.553>this, <00:11:48.554>but <00:11:48.555>this <00:11:48.556>was <00:11:48.557>also <00:11:48.559>a

00:11:48.560 --> 00:11:50.950 align:start position:0%
<00:11:48.560>can <00:11:48.642>be <00:11:48.724>run <00:11:48.807>this, <00:11:48.889>but <00:11:48.971>this <00:11:49.054>was <00:11:49.136>also <00:11:49.218>a <00:11:49.301>proof <00:11:49.383>point <00:11:49.465>like <00:11:49.548>what <00:11:49.630>can <00:11:49.712>we <00:11:49.795>do <00:11:49.877>if <00:11:49.959>we

00:11:50.950 --> 00:11:50.960 align:start position:0%
<00:11:50.950>proof <00:11:50.951>point <00:11:50.952>like <00:11:50.953>what <00:11:50.954>can <00:11:50.955>we <00:11:50.956>do <00:11:50.957>if <00:11:50.959>we

00:11:50.960 --> 00:11:54.910 align:start position:0%
<00:11:50.960>proof <00:11:51.047>point <00:11:51.135>like <00:11:51.222>what <00:11:51.310>can <00:11:51.397>we <00:11:51.485>do <00:11:51.572>if <00:11:51.660>we <00:11:51.747>change <00:11:51.835>the <00:11:51.922>math <00:11:52.010>behind <00:11:52.097>AI <00:11:52.185>models <00:11:52.272>and <00:11:52.360>use

00:11:54.910 --> 00:11:54.920 align:start position:0%
<00:11:54.910>change <00:11:54.911>the <00:11:54.912>math <00:11:54.913>behind <00:11:54.915>AI <00:11:54.916>models <00:11:54.917>and <00:11:54.919>use

00:11:54.920 --> 00:11:58.870 align:start position:0%
<00:11:54.920>change <00:11:55.027>the <00:11:55.135>math <00:11:55.243>behind <00:11:55.350>AI <00:11:55.458>models <00:11:55.566>and <00:11:55.673>use <00:11:55.781>more <00:11:55.889>complex <00:11:55.996>operations <00:11:56.104>which <00:11:56.212>are <00:11:56.319>not

00:11:58.870 --> 00:11:58.880 align:start position:0%
<00:11:58.870>more <00:11:58.871>complex <00:11:58.873>operations <00:11:58.875>which <00:11:58.877>are <00:11:58.879>not

00:11:58.880 --> 00:12:01.230 align:start position:0%
<00:11:58.880>more <00:11:59.035>complex <00:11:59.191>operations <00:11:59.346>which <00:11:59.502>are <00:11:59.657>not <00:11:59.813>not <00:11:59.968>expensive <00:12:00.124>for <00:12:00.280>us.

00:12:01.230 --> 00:12:01.240 align:start position:0%
<00:12:01.230>not <00:12:01.233>expensive <00:12:01.236>for <00:12:01.239>us.

00:12:01.240 --> 00:12:03.710 align:start position:0%
<00:12:01.240>not <00:12:01.356>expensive <00:12:01.473>for <00:12:01.590>us. <00:12:01.706>Um <00:12:01.823>so, <00:12:01.940>what <00:12:02.056>we've <00:12:02.173>shown <00:12:02.290>here <00:12:02.406>is <00:12:02.523>that <00:12:02.640>the

00:12:03.710 --> 00:12:03.720 align:start position:0%
<00:12:03.710>Um <00:12:03.711>so, <00:12:03.712>what <00:12:03.713>we've <00:12:03.714>shown <00:12:03.715>here <00:12:03.716>is <00:12:03.717>that <00:12:03.719>the

00:12:03.720 --> 00:12:06.470 align:start position:0%
<00:12:03.720>Um <00:12:03.836>so, <00:12:03.953>what <00:12:04.070>we've <00:12:04.186>shown <00:12:04.303>here <00:12:04.420>is <00:12:04.536>that <00:12:04.653>the <00:12:04.770>number <00:12:04.886>of <00:12:05.003>parameters <00:12:05.120>used

00:12:06.470 --> 00:12:06.480 align:start position:0%
<00:12:06.470>number <00:12:06.473>of <00:12:06.476>parameters <00:12:06.479>used

00:12:06.480 --> 00:12:07.590 align:start position:0%
<00:12:06.480>number <00:12:06.729>of <00:12:06.979>parameters <00:12:07.229>used <00:12:07.479>um

00:12:07.590 --> 00:12:07.600 align:start position:0%
um

00:12:07.600 --> 00:12:09.350 align:start position:0%
<00:12:07.600>um <00:12:07.950>was <00:12:08.300>cut <00:12:08.650>in <00:12:09.000>half.

00:12:09.350 --> 00:12:09.360 align:start position:0%
<00:12:09.350>was <00:12:09.353>cut <00:12:09.356>in <00:12:09.359>half.

00:12:09.360 --> 00:12:12.110 align:start position:0%
<00:12:09.360>was <00:12:09.500>cut <00:12:09.640>in <00:12:09.780>half. <00:12:09.920>Still <00:12:10.060>with <00:12:10.200>better <00:12:10.340>output <00:12:10.480>quality <00:12:10.620>of <00:12:10.760>the

00:12:12.110 --> 00:12:12.120 align:start position:0%
<00:12:12.110>Still <00:12:12.111>with <00:12:12.113>better <00:12:12.114>output <00:12:12.116>quality <00:12:12.117>of <00:12:12.119>the

00:12:12.120 --> 00:12:13.470 align:start position:0%
<00:12:12.120>Still <00:12:12.221>with <00:12:12.322>better <00:12:12.423>output <00:12:12.525>quality <00:12:12.626>of <00:12:12.727>the <00:12:12.828>of <00:12:12.930>the <00:12:13.031>image <00:12:13.132>training <00:12:13.233>and <00:12:13.335>image

00:12:13.470 --> 00:12:13.480 align:start position:0%
<00:12:13.470>of <00:12:13.471>the <00:12:13.473>image <00:12:13.475>training <00:12:13.477>and <00:12:13.479>image

00:12:13.480 --> 00:12:15.070 align:start position:0%
<00:12:13.480>of <00:12:13.713>the <00:12:13.946>image <00:12:14.180>training <00:12:14.413>and <00:12:14.646>image <00:12:14.880>learning.

00:12:15.070 --> 00:12:15.080 align:start position:0%
learning.

00:12:15.080 --> 00:12:16.910 align:start position:0%
<00:12:15.080>learning. <00:12:15.235>That <00:12:15.391>to <00:12:15.546>us <00:12:15.702>was <00:12:15.857>not <00:12:16.013>just <00:12:16.168>a <00:12:16.324>proof <00:12:16.480>point

00:12:16.910 --> 00:12:16.920 align:start position:0%
<00:12:16.910>That <00:12:16.911>to <00:12:16.912>us <00:12:16.913>was <00:12:16.914>not <00:12:16.915>just <00:12:16.916>a <00:12:16.917>proof <00:12:16.919>point

00:12:16.920 --> 00:12:18.910 align:start position:0%
<00:12:16.920>That <00:12:17.007>to <00:12:17.094>us <00:12:17.182>was <00:12:17.270>not <00:12:17.357>just <00:12:17.444>a <00:12:17.532>proof <00:12:17.620>point <00:12:17.707>this <00:12:17.795>works, <00:12:17.882>but <00:12:17.969>it's <00:12:18.057>it's <00:12:18.145>also <00:12:18.232>the <00:12:18.319>proof

00:12:18.910 --> 00:12:18.920 align:start position:0%
<00:12:18.910>this <00:12:18.911>works, <00:12:18.912>but <00:12:18.913>it's <00:12:18.915>it's <00:12:18.916>also <00:12:18.917>the <00:12:18.919>proof

00:12:18.920 --> 00:12:22.230 align:start position:0%
<00:12:18.920>this <00:12:19.007>works, <00:12:19.094>but <00:12:19.182>it's <00:12:19.270>it's <00:12:19.357>also <00:12:19.444>the <00:12:19.532>proof <00:12:19.620>point <00:12:19.707>that <00:12:19.795>okay, <00:12:19.882>if <00:12:19.969>you <00:12:20.057>if <00:12:20.145>you <00:12:20.232>are <00:12:20.319>ready

00:12:22.230 --> 00:12:22.240 align:start position:0%
<00:12:22.230>point <00:12:22.231>that <00:12:22.232>okay, <00:12:22.233>if <00:12:22.234>you <00:12:22.235>if <00:12:22.236>you <00:12:22.237>are <00:12:22.239>ready

00:12:22.240 --> 00:12:25.310 align:start position:0%
<00:12:22.240>point <00:12:22.327>that <00:12:22.415>okay, <00:12:22.502>if <00:12:22.590>you <00:12:22.677>if <00:12:22.765>you <00:12:22.852>are <00:12:22.940>ready <00:12:23.027>to <00:12:23.115>look <00:12:23.202>at <00:12:23.290>AI <00:12:23.377>models <00:12:23.465>by <00:12:23.552>themselves, <00:12:23.640>that

00:12:25.310 --> 00:12:25.320 align:start position:0%
<00:12:25.310>to <00:12:25.311>look <00:12:25.312>at <00:12:25.313>AI <00:12:25.315>models <00:12:25.316>by <00:12:25.317>themselves, <00:12:25.319>that

00:12:25.320 --> 00:12:28.430 align:start position:0%
<00:12:25.320>to <00:12:25.420>look <00:12:25.520>at <00:12:25.620>AI <00:12:25.720>models <00:12:25.820>by <00:12:25.920>themselves, <00:12:26.020>that <00:12:26.120>changes <00:12:26.220>dynamics <00:12:26.320>again. <00:12:26.420>And <00:12:26.520>that <00:12:26.620>goes <00:12:26.720>by

00:12:28.430 --> 00:12:28.440 align:start position:0%
<00:12:28.430>changes <00:12:28.431>dynamics <00:12:28.433>again. <00:12:28.434>And <00:12:28.436>that <00:12:28.437>goes <00:12:28.439>by

00:12:28.440 --> 00:12:31.350 align:start position:0%
<00:12:28.440>changes <00:12:28.540>dynamics <00:12:28.640>again. <00:12:28.740>And <00:12:28.840>that <00:12:28.940>goes <00:12:29.040>by <00:12:29.140>the <00:12:29.240>way <00:12:29.340>back <00:12:29.440>to <00:12:29.540>what <00:12:29.640>I <00:12:29.740>said <00:12:29.840>previously,

00:12:31.350 --> 00:12:31.360 align:start position:0%
<00:12:31.350>the <00:12:31.351>way <00:12:31.352>back <00:12:31.353>to <00:12:31.355>what <00:12:31.356>I <00:12:31.357>said <00:12:31.359>previously,

00:12:31.360 --> 00:12:35.150 align:start position:0%
<00:12:31.360>the <00:12:31.453>way <00:12:31.546>back <00:12:31.640>to <00:12:31.733>what <00:12:31.826>I <00:12:31.920>said <00:12:32.013>previously, <00:12:32.106>um <00:12:32.200>a <00:12:32.293>large <00:12:32.386>chunk <00:12:32.480>of <00:12:32.573>the <00:12:32.666>electric <00:12:32.760>power

00:12:35.150 --> 00:12:35.160 align:start position:0%
<00:12:35.150>um <00:12:35.151>a <00:12:35.152>large <00:12:35.153>chunk <00:12:35.155>of <00:12:35.156>the <00:12:35.157>electric <00:12:35.159>power

00:12:35.160 --> 00:12:37.550 align:start position:0%
<00:12:35.160>um <00:12:35.267>a <00:12:35.375>large <00:12:35.483>chunk <00:12:35.590>of <00:12:35.698>the <00:12:35.806>electric <00:12:35.913>power <00:12:36.021>is <00:12:36.129>consumed <00:12:36.236>by <00:12:36.344>data <00:12:36.452>movement <00:12:36.560>across

00:12:37.550 --> 00:12:37.560 align:start position:0%
<00:12:37.550>is <00:12:37.551>consumed <00:12:37.553>by <00:12:37.555>data <00:12:37.557>movement <00:12:37.559>across

00:12:37.560 --> 00:12:40.990 align:start position:0%
<00:12:37.560>is <00:12:37.687>consumed <00:12:37.814>by <00:12:37.941>data <00:12:38.069>movement <00:12:38.196>across <00:12:38.323>nodes, <00:12:38.450>within <00:12:38.578>the <00:12:38.705>rack, <00:12:38.832>between <00:12:38.959>memory

00:12:40.990 --> 00:12:41.000 align:start position:0%
<00:12:40.990>nodes, <00:12:40.991>within <00:12:40.993>the <00:12:40.995>rack, <00:12:40.997>between <00:12:40.999>memory

00:12:41.000 --> 00:12:43.270 align:start position:0%
<00:12:41.000>nodes, <00:12:41.107>within <00:12:41.215>the <00:12:41.323>rack, <00:12:41.430>between <00:12:41.538>memory <00:12:41.646>and <00:12:41.753>caches <00:12:41.861>and <00:12:41.969>and <00:12:42.076>what <00:12:42.184>have <00:12:42.292>you. <00:12:42.400>All

00:12:43.270 --> 00:12:43.280 align:start position:0%
<00:12:43.270>and <00:12:43.271>caches <00:12:43.272>and <00:12:43.273>and <00:12:43.275>what <00:12:43.276>have <00:12:43.277>you. <00:12:43.279>All

00:12:43.280 --> 00:12:45.590 align:start position:0%
<00:12:43.280>and <00:12:43.373>caches <00:12:43.466>and <00:12:43.560>and <00:12:43.653>what <00:12:43.746>have <00:12:43.839>you. <00:12:43.933>All <00:12:44.026>that <00:12:44.120>also <00:12:44.213>consumes <00:12:44.306>a <00:12:44.400>lot <00:12:44.493>of <00:12:44.586>power. <00:12:44.680>If

00:12:45.590 --> 00:12:45.600 align:start position:0%
<00:12:45.590>that <00:12:45.591>also <00:12:45.592>consumes <00:12:45.593>a <00:12:45.595>lot <00:12:45.596>of <00:12:45.597>power. <00:12:45.599>If

00:12:45.600 --> 00:12:47.630 align:start position:0%
<00:12:45.600>that <00:12:45.700>also <00:12:45.800>consumes <00:12:45.900>a <00:12:46.000>lot <00:12:46.100>of <00:12:46.200>power. <00:12:46.300>If <00:12:46.400>you <00:12:46.500>can <00:12:46.600>cut <00:12:46.700>down <00:12:46.800>significantly <00:12:46.900>on <00:12:47.000>your

00:12:47.630 --> 00:12:47.640 align:start position:0%
<00:12:47.630>you <00:12:47.631>can <00:12:47.633>cut <00:12:47.634>down <00:12:47.636>significantly <00:12:47.637>on <00:12:47.639>your

00:12:47.640 --> 00:12:49.430 align:start position:0%
<00:12:47.640>you <00:12:47.814>can <00:12:47.990>cut <00:12:48.165>down <00:12:48.340>significantly <00:12:48.515>on <00:12:48.689>your <00:12:48.865>model <00:12:49.040>size,

00:12:49.430 --> 00:12:49.440 align:start position:0%
<00:12:49.430>model <00:12:49.439>size,

00:12:49.440 --> 00:12:50.630 align:start position:0%
<00:12:49.440>model <00:12:49.975>size, <00:12:50.511>um

00:12:50.630 --> 00:12:50.640 align:start position:0%
um

00:12:50.640 --> 00:12:52.550 align:start position:0%
<00:12:50.640>um <00:12:50.873>you <00:12:51.106>save <00:12:51.340>a <00:12:51.573>lot <00:12:51.806>of <00:12:52.040>energy.

00:12:52.550 --> 00:12:52.560 align:start position:0%
<00:12:52.550>you <00:12:52.551>save <00:12:52.553>a <00:12:52.555>lot <00:12:52.557>of <00:12:52.559>energy.

00:12:52.560 --> 00:12:54.590 align:start position:0%
<00:12:52.560>you <00:12:52.653>save <00:12:52.746>a <00:12:52.839>lot <00:12:52.933>of <00:12:53.026>energy. <00:12:53.119>The <00:12:53.213>price <00:12:53.306>you <00:12:53.400>pay <00:12:53.493>is <00:12:53.586>you <00:12:53.680>have <00:12:53.773>to <00:12:53.866>do <00:12:53.959>more

00:12:54.590 --> 00:12:54.600 align:start position:0%
<00:12:54.590>The <00:12:54.591>price <00:12:54.592>you <00:12:54.593>pay <00:12:54.594>is <00:12:54.595>you <00:12:54.596>have <00:12:54.597>to <00:12:54.598>do <00:12:54.599>more

00:12:54.600 --> 00:12:57.990 align:start position:0%
<00:12:54.600>The <00:12:54.687>price <00:12:54.775>you <00:12:54.862>pay <00:12:54.950>is <00:12:55.037>you <00:12:55.125>have <00:12:55.212>to <00:12:55.300>do <00:12:55.387>more <00:12:55.475>math. <00:12:55.562>Now, <00:12:55.650>that's <00:12:55.737>going <00:12:55.825>to <00:12:55.912>be <00:12:56.000>more

00:12:57.990 --> 00:12:58.000 align:start position:0%
<00:12:57.990>math. <00:12:57.991>Now, <00:12:57.993>that's <00:12:57.994>going <00:12:57.996>to <00:12:57.997>be <00:12:57.999>more

00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.829 align:start position:0%
<00:12:58.000>math. <00:12:58.116>Now, <00:12:58.233>that's <00:12:58.350>going <00:12:58.466>to <00:12:58.583>be <00:12:58.700>more <00:12:58.816>expensive <00:12:58.933>on <00:12:59.050>the <00:12:59.166>CMOS <00:12:59.283>side <00:12:59.400>again,

00:13:00.829 --> 00:13:00.839 align:start position:0%
<00:13:00.829>expensive <00:13:00.830>on <00:13:00.832>the <00:13:00.834>CMOS <00:13:00.836>side <00:13:00.838>again,

00:13:00.839 --> 00:13:02.950 align:start position:0%
<00:13:00.839>expensive <00:13:00.946>on <00:13:01.054>the <00:13:01.162>CMOS <00:13:01.269>side <00:13:01.377>again, <00:13:01.485>but <00:13:01.592>this <00:13:01.700>is <00:13:01.808>where <00:13:01.915>Quan <00:13:02.023>comes <00:13:02.131>to <00:13:02.239>and

00:13:02.950 --> 00:13:02.960 align:start position:0%
<00:13:02.950>but <00:13:02.951>this <00:13:02.952>is <00:13:02.953>where <00:13:02.955>Quan <00:13:02.956>comes <00:13:02.957>to <00:13:02.959>and

00:13:02.960 --> 00:13:05.630 align:start position:0%
<00:13:02.960>but <00:13:03.076>this <00:13:03.193>is <00:13:03.310>where <00:13:03.426>Quan <00:13:03.543>comes <00:13:03.660>to <00:13:03.776>and <00:13:03.893>photonic <00:13:04.010>computing <00:13:04.126>comes <00:13:04.243>into <00:13:04.360>play.

00:13:05.630 --> 00:13:05.640 align:start position:0%
<00:13:05.630>photonic <00:13:05.632>computing <00:13:05.634>comes <00:13:05.636>into <00:13:05.639>play.

00:13:05.640 --> 00:13:08.310 align:start position:0%
<00:13:05.640>photonic <00:13:05.795>computing <00:13:05.951>comes <00:13:06.106>into <00:13:06.262>play. <00:13:06.417>So, <00:13:06.573>again, <00:13:06.728>that <00:13:06.884>was <00:13:07.040>like

00:13:08.310 --> 00:13:08.320 align:start position:0%
<00:13:08.310>So, <00:13:08.312>again, <00:13:08.314>that <00:13:08.316>was <00:13:08.319>like

00:13:08.320 --> 00:13:09.950 align:start position:0%
<00:13:08.320>So, <00:13:08.553>again, <00:13:08.786>that <00:13:09.020>was <00:13:09.253>like <00:13:09.486>last <00:13:09.720>year.

00:13:09.950 --> 00:13:09.960 align:start position:0%
<00:13:09.950>last <00:13:09.959>year.

00:13:09.960 --> 00:13:11.510 align:start position:0%
<00:13:09.960>last <00:13:10.657>year. <00:13:11.355>Uh

00:13:11.510 --> 00:13:11.520 align:start position:0%
Uh

00:13:11.520 --> 00:13:13.710 align:start position:0%
<00:13:11.520>Uh <00:13:11.986>10 <00:13:12.453>AI <00:13:12.920>years.

00:13:13.710 --> 00:13:13.720 align:start position:0%
<00:13:13.710>10 <00:13:13.714>AI <00:13:13.719>years.

00:13:13.720 --> 00:13:17.070 align:start position:0%
<00:13:13.720>10 <00:13:13.847>AI <00:13:13.974>years. <00:13:14.101>What <00:13:14.229>have <00:13:14.356>you <00:13:14.483>done <00:13:14.610>this <00:13:14.738>year <00:13:14.865>so <00:13:14.992>far? <00:13:15.120>Um

00:13:17.070 --> 00:13:17.080 align:start position:0%
<00:13:17.070>What <00:13:17.071>have <00:13:17.072>you <00:13:17.073>done <00:13:17.074>this <00:13:17.075>year <00:13:17.076>so <00:13:17.077>far? <00:13:17.079>Um

00:13:17.080 --> 00:13:20.470 align:start position:0%
<00:13:17.080>What <00:13:17.162>have <00:13:17.244>you <00:13:17.327>done <00:13:17.409>this <00:13:17.491>year <00:13:17.574>so <00:13:17.656>far? <00:13:17.738>Um <00:13:17.821>we <00:13:17.903>have <00:13:17.985>a <00:13:18.068>compiler <00:13:18.150>uh <00:13:18.232>that <00:13:18.315>you <00:13:18.397>can <00:13:18.480>use

00:13:20.470 --> 00:13:20.480 align:start position:0%
<00:13:20.470>we <00:13:20.471>have <00:13:20.472>a <00:13:20.473>compiler <00:13:20.474>uh <00:13:20.475>that <00:13:20.476>you <00:13:20.477>can <00:13:20.479>use

00:13:20.480 --> 00:13:23.470 align:start position:0%
<00:13:20.480>we <00:13:20.573>have <00:13:20.666>a <00:13:20.760>compiler <00:13:20.853>uh <00:13:20.946>that <00:13:21.040>you <00:13:21.133>can <00:13:21.226>use <00:13:21.320>to <00:13:21.413>compile <00:13:21.506>from <00:13:21.600>PyTorch <00:13:21.693>um <00:13:21.786>to <00:13:21.880>our

00:13:23.470 --> 00:13:23.480 align:start position:0%
<00:13:23.470>to <00:13:23.471>compile <00:13:23.473>from <00:13:23.474>PyTorch <00:13:23.476>um <00:13:23.477>to <00:13:23.479>our

00:13:23.480 --> 00:13:25.070 align:start position:0%
<00:13:23.480>to <00:13:23.680>compile <00:13:23.880>from <00:13:24.080>PyTorch <00:13:24.280>um <00:13:24.480>to <00:13:24.680>our <00:13:24.880>hardware.

00:13:25.070 --> 00:13:25.080 align:start position:0%
hardware.

00:13:25.080 --> 00:13:27.270 align:start position:0%
<00:13:25.080>hardware. <00:13:25.280>We <00:13:25.480>used <00:13:25.680>an <00:13:25.880>uh <00:13:26.080>a <00:13:26.280>standard <00:13:26.480>object

00:13:27.270 --> 00:13:27.280 align:start position:0%
<00:13:27.270>We <00:13:27.271>used <00:13:27.273>an <00:13:27.274>uh <00:13:27.276>a <00:13:27.277>standard <00:13:27.279>object

00:13:27.280 --> 00:13:30.310 align:start position:0%
<00:13:27.280>We <00:13:27.387>used <00:13:27.495>an <00:13:27.603>uh <00:13:27.710>a <00:13:27.818>standard <00:13:27.926>object <00:13:28.033>detection <00:13:28.141>mechanism <00:13:28.249>and <00:13:28.356>it <00:13:28.464>sort <00:13:28.572>of <00:13:28.680>gives

00:13:30.310 --> 00:13:30.320 align:start position:0%
<00:13:30.310>detection <00:13:30.311>mechanism <00:13:30.313>and <00:13:30.314>it <00:13:30.316>sort <00:13:30.317>of <00:13:30.319>gives

00:13:30.320 --> 00:13:32.630 align:start position:0%
<00:13:30.320>detection <00:13:30.427>mechanism <00:13:30.535>and <00:13:30.643>it <00:13:30.750>sort <00:13:30.858>of <00:13:30.966>gives <00:13:31.073>you <00:13:31.181>the <00:13:31.289>same <00:13:31.396>results <00:13:31.504>because <00:13:31.612>yeah, <00:13:31.720>it's

00:13:32.630 --> 00:13:32.640 align:start position:0%
<00:13:32.630>you <00:13:32.631>the <00:13:32.633>same <00:13:32.634>results <00:13:32.636>because <00:13:32.637>yeah, <00:13:32.639>it's

00:13:32.640 --> 00:13:33.950 align:start position:0%
<00:13:32.640>you <00:13:32.738>the <00:13:32.836>same <00:13:32.934>results <00:13:33.033>because <00:13:33.131>yeah, <00:13:33.229>it's <00:13:33.327>the <00:13:33.426>same <00:13:33.524>model, <00:13:33.622>it's <00:13:33.720>the <00:13:33.819>same

00:13:33.950 --> 00:13:33.960 align:start position:0%
<00:13:33.950>the <00:13:33.951>same <00:13:33.953>model, <00:13:33.955>it's <00:13:33.957>the <00:13:33.959>same

00:13:33.960 --> 00:13:35.550 align:start position:0%
<00:13:33.960>the <00:13:34.193>same <00:13:34.426>model, <00:13:34.660>it's <00:13:34.893>the <00:13:35.126>same <00:13:35.360>architecture.

00:13:35.550 --> 00:13:35.560 align:start position:0%
architecture.

00:13:35.560 --> 00:13:37.670 align:start position:0%
<00:13:35.560>architecture. <00:13:35.734>Um, <00:13:35.910>this <00:13:36.084>is <00:13:36.260>just <00:13:36.435>the <00:13:36.609>point <00:13:36.785>that <00:13:36.959>okay,

00:13:37.670 --> 00:13:37.680 align:start position:0%
<00:13:37.670>Um, <00:13:37.671>this <00:13:37.672>is <00:13:37.673>just <00:13:37.675>the <00:13:37.676>point <00:13:37.677>that <00:13:37.679>okay,

00:13:37.680 --> 00:13:39.950 align:start position:0%
<00:13:37.680>Um, <00:13:37.780>this <00:13:37.880>is <00:13:37.979>just <00:13:38.079>the <00:13:38.180>point <00:13:38.280>that <00:13:38.380>okay, <00:13:38.479>you <00:13:38.579>can <00:13:38.680>compile <00:13:38.780>things <00:13:38.880>from <00:13:38.979>PyTorch <00:13:39.079>um

00:13:39.950 --> 00:13:39.960 align:start position:0%
<00:13:39.950>you <00:13:39.951>can <00:13:39.953>compile <00:13:39.954>things <00:13:39.956>from <00:13:39.957>PyTorch <00:13:39.959>um

00:13:39.960 --> 00:13:41.390 align:start position:0%
<00:13:39.960>you <00:13:40.143>can <00:13:40.327>compile <00:13:40.511>things <00:13:40.695>from <00:13:40.879>PyTorch <00:13:41.063>um <00:13:41.247>down

00:13:41.390 --> 00:13:41.400 align:start position:0%
down

00:13:41.400 --> 00:13:43.310 align:start position:0%
<00:13:41.400>down <00:13:41.750>down <00:13:42.100>to <00:13:42.449>our <00:13:42.800>hardware.

00:13:43.310 --> 00:13:43.320 align:start position:0%
<00:13:43.310>down <00:13:43.313>to <00:13:43.316>our <00:13:43.319>hardware.

00:13:43.320 --> 00:13:45.950 align:start position:0%
<00:13:43.320>down <00:13:43.460>to <00:13:43.600>our <00:13:43.740>hardware. <00:13:43.880>Um, <00:13:44.020>we've <00:13:44.160>also <00:13:44.300>shown <00:13:44.440>a <00:13:44.580>time <00:13:44.720>series

00:13:45.950 --> 00:13:45.960 align:start position:0%
<00:13:45.950>Um, <00:13:45.951>we've <00:13:45.953>also <00:13:45.954>shown <00:13:45.956>a <00:13:45.957>time <00:13:45.959>series

00:13:45.960 --> 00:13:48.350 align:start position:0%
<00:13:45.960>Um, <00:13:46.067>we've <00:13:46.175>also <00:13:46.283>shown <00:13:46.390>a <00:13:46.498>time <00:13:46.606>series <00:13:46.713>prediction <00:13:46.821>model. <00:13:46.929>Anex <00:13:47.036>AI <00:13:47.144>has <00:13:47.252>some <00:13:47.360>very

00:13:48.350 --> 00:13:48.360 align:start position:0%
<00:13:48.350>prediction <00:13:48.351>model. <00:13:48.353>Anex <00:13:48.354>AI <00:13:48.356>has <00:13:48.357>some <00:13:48.359>very

00:13:48.360 --> 00:13:51.190 align:start position:0%
<00:13:48.360>prediction <00:13:48.453>model. <00:13:48.546>Anex <00:13:48.640>AI <00:13:48.733>has <00:13:48.826>some <00:13:48.920>very <00:13:49.013>cool <00:13:49.106>stuff <00:13:49.200>um <00:13:49.293>based <00:13:49.386>on <00:13:49.480>the <00:13:49.573>X <00:13:49.666>uh <00:13:49.760>long

00:13:51.190 --> 00:13:51.200 align:start position:0%
<00:13:51.190>cool <00:13:51.191>stuff <00:13:51.192>um <00:13:51.193>based <00:13:51.194>on <00:13:51.195>the <00:13:51.196>X <00:13:51.197>uh <00:13:51.199>long

00:13:51.200 --> 00:13:54.070 align:start position:0%
<00:13:51.200>cool <00:13:51.327>stuff <00:13:51.454>um <00:13:51.581>based <00:13:51.709>on <00:13:51.836>the <00:13:51.963>X <00:13:52.090>uh <00:13:52.218>long <00:13:52.345>short-term <00:13:52.472>memory <00:13:52.600>architecture.

00:13:54.070 --> 00:13:54.080 align:start position:0%
<00:13:54.070>short-term <00:13:54.074>memory <00:13:54.079>architecture.

00:13:54.080 --> 00:13:56.150 align:start position:0%
<00:13:54.080>short-term <00:13:54.255>memory <00:13:54.430>architecture. <00:13:54.605>Time <00:13:54.780>series <00:13:54.955>prediction, <00:13:55.130>not <00:13:55.305>super <00:13:55.480>large

00:13:56.150 --> 00:13:56.160 align:start position:0%
<00:13:56.150>Time <00:13:56.151>series <00:13:56.153>prediction, <00:13:56.155>not <00:13:56.157>super <00:13:56.159>large

00:13:56.160 --> 00:13:58.390 align:start position:0%
<00:13:56.160>Time <00:13:56.287>series <00:13:56.414>prediction, <00:13:56.541>not <00:13:56.669>super <00:13:56.796>large <00:13:56.923>models <00:13:57.050>but <00:13:57.178>but <00:13:57.305>very <00:13:57.432>interesting. <00:13:57.560>Just

00:13:58.390 --> 00:13:58.400 align:start position:0%
<00:13:58.390>models <00:13:58.391>but <00:13:58.393>but <00:13:58.395>very <00:13:58.397>interesting. <00:13:58.399>Just

00:13:58.400 --> 00:14:00.190 align:start position:0%
<00:13:58.400>models <00:13:58.516>but <00:13:58.633>but <00:13:58.750>very <00:13:58.866>interesting. <00:13:58.983>Just <00:13:59.100>another <00:13:59.216>proof <00:13:59.333>point <00:13:59.449>that <00:13:59.566>okay, <00:13:59.683>now <00:13:59.800>we're

00:14:00.190 --> 00:14:00.200 align:start position:0%
<00:14:00.190>another <00:14:00.191>proof <00:14:00.193>point <00:14:00.194>that <00:14:00.196>okay, <00:14:00.197>now <00:14:00.199>we're

00:14:00.200 --> 00:14:04.030 align:start position:0%
<00:14:00.200>another <00:14:00.327>proof <00:14:00.454>point <00:14:00.581>that <00:14:00.709>okay, <00:14:00.836>now <00:14:00.963>we're <00:14:01.090>talking <00:14:01.218>about <00:14:01.345>more <00:14:01.472>complex <00:14:01.600>algorithms.

00:14:04.030 --> 00:14:04.040 align:start position:0%
<00:14:04.030>talking <00:14:04.032>about <00:14:04.034>more <00:14:04.036>complex <00:14:04.039>algorithms.

00:14:04.040 --> 00:14:06.870 align:start position:0%
<00:14:04.040>talking <00:14:04.156>about <00:14:04.273>more <00:14:04.390>complex <00:14:04.506>algorithms. <00:14:04.623>Few <00:14:04.740>weeks <00:14:04.856>ago <00:14:04.973>um <00:14:05.089>at <00:14:05.206>the <00:14:05.323>ISC <00:14:05.439>conference

00:14:06.870 --> 00:14:06.880 align:start position:0%
<00:14:06.870>Few <00:14:06.871>weeks <00:14:06.872>ago <00:14:06.873>um <00:14:06.875>at <00:14:06.876>the <00:14:06.877>ISC <00:14:06.879>conference

00:14:06.880 --> 00:14:09.550 align:start position:0%
<00:14:06.880>Few <00:14:06.980>weeks <00:14:07.080>ago <00:14:07.180>um <00:14:07.280>at <00:14:07.380>the <00:14:07.480>ISC <00:14:07.580>conference <00:14:07.680>in <00:14:07.780>Hamburg, <00:14:07.880>we <00:14:07.980>showed <00:14:08.080>a <00:14:08.180>diffusion <00:14:08.280>model

00:14:09.550 --> 00:14:09.560 align:start position:0%
<00:14:09.550>in <00:14:09.551>Hamburg, <00:14:09.553>we <00:14:09.554>showed <00:14:09.555>a <00:14:09.557>diffusion <00:14:09.559>model

00:14:09.560 --> 00:14:12.350 align:start position:0%
<00:14:09.560>in <00:14:09.667>Hamburg, <00:14:09.775>we <00:14:09.883>showed <00:14:09.990>a <00:14:10.098>diffusion <00:14:10.206>model <00:14:10.313>for <00:14:10.421>the <00:14:10.529>first <00:14:10.636>time <00:14:10.744>running <00:14:10.852>on <00:14:10.959>photonics.

00:14:12.350 --> 00:14:12.360 align:start position:0%
<00:14:12.350>for <00:14:12.351>the <00:14:12.353>first <00:14:12.354>time <00:14:12.356>running <00:14:12.357>on <00:14:12.359>photonics.

00:14:12.360 --> 00:14:14.470 align:start position:0%
<00:14:12.360>for <00:14:12.467>the <00:14:12.575>first <00:14:12.683>time <00:14:12.790>running <00:14:12.898>on <00:14:13.006>photonics. <00:14:13.113>And <00:14:13.221>that's <00:14:13.329>just <00:14:13.436>you <00:14:13.544>know, <00:14:13.652>what <00:14:13.760>we've

00:14:14.470 --> 00:14:14.480 align:start position:0%
<00:14:14.470>And <00:14:14.471>that's <00:14:14.473>just <00:14:14.474>you <00:14:14.476>know, <00:14:14.477>what <00:14:14.479>we've

00:14:14.480 --> 00:14:17.470 align:start position:0%
<00:14:14.480>And <00:14:14.580>that's <00:14:14.680>just <00:14:14.780>you <00:14:14.880>know, <00:14:14.980>what <00:14:15.080>we've <00:14:15.180>done <00:14:15.280>so <00:14:15.380>far. <00:14:15.480>There <00:14:15.580>is <00:14:15.680>more <00:14:15.780>lined <00:14:15.880>up.

00:14:17.470 --> 00:14:17.480 align:start position:0%
<00:14:17.470>done <00:14:17.471>so <00:14:17.472>far. <00:14:17.473>There <00:14:17.475>is <00:14:17.476>more <00:14:17.477>lined <00:14:17.479>up.

00:14:17.480 --> 00:14:20.350 align:start position:0%
<00:14:17.480>done <00:14:17.635>so <00:14:17.791>far. <00:14:17.946>There <00:14:18.102>is <00:14:18.257>more <00:14:18.413>lined <00:14:18.568>up. <00:14:18.724>Now, <00:14:18.880>quick

00:14:20.350 --> 00:14:20.360 align:start position:0%
<00:14:20.350>Now, <00:14:20.359>quick

00:14:20.360 --> 00:14:23.550 align:start position:0%
<00:14:20.360>Now, <00:14:20.500>quick <00:14:20.640>quick <00:14:20.780>look <00:14:20.920>into <00:14:21.060>what <00:14:21.200>we <00:14:21.340>need <00:14:21.480>to <00:14:21.620>do <00:14:21.760>to

00:14:23.550 --> 00:14:23.560 align:start position:0%
<00:14:23.550>quick <00:14:23.551>look <00:14:23.552>into <00:14:23.553>what <00:14:23.554>we <00:14:23.555>need <00:14:23.556>to <00:14:23.557>do <00:14:23.559>to

00:14:23.560 --> 00:14:26.150 align:start position:0%
<00:14:23.560>quick <00:14:23.660>look <00:14:23.760>into <00:14:23.859>what <00:14:23.959>we <00:14:24.060>need <00:14:24.160>to <00:14:24.260>do <00:14:24.359>to <00:14:24.459>really <00:14:24.560>leverage <00:14:24.660>and <00:14:24.760>exploit <00:14:24.859>all <00:14:24.959>these

00:14:26.150 --> 00:14:26.160 align:start position:0%
<00:14:26.150>really <00:14:26.151>leverage <00:14:26.153>and <00:14:26.155>exploit <00:14:26.157>all <00:14:26.159>these

00:14:26.160 --> 00:14:28.230 align:start position:0%
<00:14:26.160>really <00:14:26.334>leverage <00:14:26.510>and <00:14:26.685>exploit <00:14:26.860>all <00:14:27.035>these <00:14:27.209>capabilities <00:14:27.385>on <00:14:27.560>photonics.

00:14:28.230 --> 00:14:28.240 align:start position:0%
<00:14:28.230>capabilities <00:14:28.234>on <00:14:28.239>photonics.

00:14:28.240 --> 00:14:30.710 align:start position:0%
<00:14:28.240>capabilities <00:14:28.356>on <00:14:28.473>photonics. <00:14:28.590>So, <00:14:28.706>what <00:14:28.823>they <00:14:28.940>see <00:14:29.056>in <00:14:29.173>the <00:14:29.290>X <00:14:29.406>axis <00:14:29.523>is <00:14:29.640>how

00:14:30.710 --> 00:14:30.720 align:start position:0%
<00:14:30.710>So, <00:14:30.711>what <00:14:30.712>they <00:14:30.713>see <00:14:30.714>in <00:14:30.715>the <00:14:30.716>X <00:14:30.717>axis <00:14:30.718>is <00:14:30.719>how

00:14:30.720 --> 00:14:32.390 align:start position:0%
<00:14:30.720>So, <00:14:30.802>what <00:14:30.884>they <00:14:30.967>see <00:14:31.049>in <00:14:31.131>the <00:14:31.214>X <00:14:31.296>axis <00:14:31.378>is <00:14:31.461>how <00:14:31.543>long <00:14:31.625>do <00:14:31.708>we <00:14:31.790>actually <00:14:31.872>stay <00:14:31.955>in <00:14:32.037>the <00:14:32.120>optical

00:14:32.390 --> 00:14:32.400 align:start position:0%
<00:14:32.390>long <00:14:32.391>do <00:14:32.392>we <00:14:32.393>actually <00:14:32.395>stay <00:14:32.396>in <00:14:32.397>the <00:14:32.399>optical

00:14:32.400 --> 00:14:34.670 align:start position:0%
<00:14:32.400>long <00:14:32.555>do <00:14:32.711>we <00:14:32.866>actually <00:14:33.022>stay <00:14:33.177>in <00:14:33.333>the <00:14:33.488>optical <00:14:33.644>domain <00:14:33.800>because

00:14:34.670 --> 00:14:34.680 align:start position:0%
<00:14:34.670>domain <00:14:34.679>because

00:14:34.680 --> 00:14:36.710 align:start position:0%
<00:14:34.680>domain <00:14:34.819>because <00:14:34.959>you <00:14:35.099>know, <00:14:35.239>a <00:14:35.380>few <00:14:35.520>shots <00:14:35.660>back <00:14:35.800>you <00:14:35.939>saw <00:14:36.079>this

00:14:36.710 --> 00:14:36.720 align:start position:0%
<00:14:36.710>you <00:14:36.711>know, <00:14:36.712>a <00:14:36.713>few <00:14:36.714>shots <00:14:36.715>back <00:14:36.716>you <00:14:36.717>saw <00:14:36.719>this

00:14:36.720 --> 00:14:39.630 align:start position:0%
<00:14:36.720>you <00:14:36.807>know, <00:14:36.895>a <00:14:36.982>few <00:14:37.070>shots <00:14:37.157>back <00:14:37.245>you <00:14:37.332>saw <00:14:37.420>this <00:14:37.507>like <00:14:37.595>there <00:14:37.682>is <00:14:37.770>a <00:14:37.857>photonic <00:14:37.945>chip <00:14:38.032>and <00:14:38.120>then

00:14:39.630 --> 00:14:39.640 align:start position:0%
<00:14:39.630>like <00:14:39.631>there <00:14:39.632>is <00:14:39.633>a <00:14:39.635>photonic <00:14:39.636>chip <00:14:39.637>and <00:14:39.639>then

00:14:39.640 --> 00:14:42.590 align:start position:0%
<00:14:39.640>like <00:14:39.740>there <00:14:39.840>is <00:14:39.939>a <00:14:40.040>photonic <00:14:40.140>chip <00:14:40.240>and <00:14:40.340>then <00:14:40.439>we <00:14:40.540>we <00:14:40.640>translate <00:14:40.740>from <00:14:40.840>the <00:14:40.939>digital <00:14:41.040>world.

00:14:42.590 --> 00:14:42.600 align:start position:0%
<00:14:42.590>we <00:14:42.591>we <00:14:42.593>translate <00:14:42.594>from <00:14:42.596>the <00:14:42.597>digital <00:14:42.599>world.

00:14:42.600 --> 00:14:46.110 align:start position:0%
<00:14:42.600>we <00:14:42.693>we <00:14:42.786>translate <00:14:42.880>from <00:14:42.973>the <00:14:43.066>digital <00:14:43.160>world. <00:14:43.253>We <00:14:43.346>have <00:14:43.440>an <00:14:43.533>FPGA <00:14:43.626>um <00:14:43.720>at <00:14:43.813>this <00:14:43.906>time. <00:14:44.000>It's

00:14:46.110 --> 00:14:46.120 align:start position:0%
<00:14:46.110>We <00:14:46.111>have <00:14:46.112>an <00:14:46.113>FPGA <00:14:46.114>um <00:14:46.115>at <00:14:46.116>this <00:14:46.117>time. <00:14:46.119>It's

00:14:46.120 --> 00:14:49.030 align:start position:0%
<00:14:46.120>We <00:14:46.236>have <00:14:46.353>an <00:14:46.470>FPGA <00:14:46.586>um <00:14:46.703>at <00:14:46.820>this <00:14:46.936>time. <00:14:47.053>It's <00:14:47.170>converted <00:14:47.286>into <00:14:47.403>analog <00:14:47.520>signals.

00:14:49.030 --> 00:14:49.040 align:start position:0%
<00:14:49.030>converted <00:14:49.033>into <00:14:49.036>analog <00:14:49.039>signals.

00:14:49.040 --> 00:14:51.630 align:start position:0%
<00:14:49.040>converted <00:14:49.167>into <00:14:49.294>analog <00:14:49.421>signals. <00:14:49.549>Computation <00:14:49.676>is <00:14:49.803>done. <00:14:49.930>Now, <00:14:50.058>if <00:14:50.185>you <00:14:50.312>go <00:14:50.439>back

00:14:51.630 --> 00:14:51.640 align:start position:0%
<00:14:51.630>Computation <00:14:51.631>is <00:14:51.632>done. <00:14:51.633>Now, <00:14:51.635>if <00:14:51.636>you <00:14:51.637>go <00:14:51.639>back

00:14:51.640 --> 00:14:53.030 align:start position:0%
<00:14:51.640>Computation <00:14:51.779>is <00:14:51.918>done. <00:14:52.057>Now, <00:14:52.196>if <00:14:52.335>you <00:14:52.473>go <00:14:52.613>back <00:14:52.752>real <00:14:52.891>quick,

00:14:53.030 --> 00:14:53.040 align:start position:0%
<00:14:53.030>real <00:14:53.039>quick,

00:14:53.040 --> 00:14:55.670 align:start position:0%
<00:14:53.040>real <00:14:53.180>quick, <00:14:53.319>there <00:14:53.459>is <00:14:53.599>not <00:14:53.740>a <00:14:53.880>lot <00:14:54.020>to <00:14:54.160>be <00:14:54.300>gained <00:14:54.439>because

00:14:55.670 --> 00:14:55.680 align:start position:0%
<00:14:55.670>there <00:14:55.671>is <00:14:55.672>not <00:14:55.673>a <00:14:55.674>lot <00:14:55.675>to <00:14:55.676>be <00:14:55.677>gained <00:14:55.679>because

00:14:55.680 --> 00:14:57.710 align:start position:0%
<00:14:55.680>there <00:14:55.773>is <00:14:55.866>not <00:14:55.959>a <00:14:56.053>lot <00:14:56.146>to <00:14:56.239>be <00:14:56.333>gained <00:14:56.426>because <00:14:56.520>it's <00:14:56.613>really <00:14:56.706>a <00:14:56.800>lot <00:14:56.893>of <00:14:56.986>like <00:14:57.079>conversion

00:14:57.710 --> 00:14:57.720 align:start position:0%
<00:14:57.710>it's <00:14:57.711>really <00:14:57.713>a <00:14:57.714>lot <00:14:57.716>of <00:14:57.717>like <00:14:57.719>conversion

00:14:57.720 --> 00:14:59.910 align:start position:0%
<00:14:57.720>it's <00:14:57.836>really <00:14:57.953>a <00:14:58.070>lot <00:14:58.186>of <00:14:58.303>like <00:14:58.420>conversion <00:14:58.536>between <00:14:58.653>digital <00:14:58.770>and <00:14:58.886>the <00:14:59.003>analog <00:14:59.120>world

00:14:59.910 --> 00:14:59.920 align:start position:0%
<00:14:59.910>between <00:14:59.911>digital <00:14:59.913>and <00:14:59.915>the <00:14:59.917>analog <00:14:59.919>world

00:14:59.920 --> 00:15:01.870 align:start position:0%
<00:14:59.920>between <00:15:00.036>digital <00:15:00.153>and <00:15:00.270>the <00:15:00.386>analog <00:15:00.503>world <00:15:00.620>just <00:15:00.736>to <00:15:00.853>do <00:15:00.969>a <00:15:01.086>multiplication. <00:15:01.203>So, <00:15:01.319>that's

00:15:01.870 --> 00:15:01.880 align:start position:0%
<00:15:01.870>just <00:15:01.871>to <00:15:01.873>do <00:15:01.874>a <00:15:01.876>multiplication. <00:15:01.877>So, <00:15:01.879>that's

00:15:01.880 --> 00:15:03.550 align:start position:0%
<00:15:01.880>just <00:15:02.055>to <00:15:02.230>do <00:15:02.405>a <00:15:02.580>multiplication. <00:15:02.755>So, <00:15:02.930>that's <00:15:03.105>not <00:15:03.280>it.

00:15:03.550 --> 00:15:03.560 align:start position:0%
<00:15:03.550>not <00:15:03.559>it.

00:15:03.560 --> 00:15:05.750 align:start position:0%
<00:15:03.560>not <00:15:03.687>it. <00:15:03.814>Which <00:15:03.941>is <00:15:04.069>why <00:15:04.196>on <00:15:04.323>the <00:15:04.450>right <00:15:04.578>on <00:15:04.705>on <00:15:04.832>the <00:15:04.959>X

00:15:05.750 --> 00:15:05.760 align:start position:0%
<00:15:05.750>Which <00:15:05.751>is <00:15:05.752>why <00:15:05.753>on <00:15:05.754>the <00:15:05.755>right <00:15:05.756>on <00:15:05.757>on <00:15:05.758>the <00:15:05.759>X

00:15:05.760 --> 00:15:07.870 align:start position:0%
<00:15:05.760>Which <00:15:05.837>is <00:15:05.915>why <00:15:05.993>on <00:15:06.071>the <00:15:06.148>right <00:15:06.226>on <00:15:06.304>on <00:15:06.382>the <00:15:06.460>X <00:15:06.537>axis <00:15:06.615>like <00:15:06.693>how <00:15:06.771>long <00:15:06.848>can <00:15:06.926>we <00:15:07.004>stay <00:15:07.082>in <00:15:07.160>the

00:15:07.870 --> 00:15:07.880 align:start position:0%
<00:15:07.870>axis <00:15:07.871>like <00:15:07.872>how <00:15:07.873>long <00:15:07.874>can <00:15:07.875>we <00:15:07.876>stay <00:15:07.877>in <00:15:07.879>the

00:15:07.880 --> 00:15:09.870 align:start position:0%
<00:15:07.880>axis <00:15:07.996>like <00:15:08.113>how <00:15:08.230>long <00:15:08.346>can <00:15:08.463>we <00:15:08.580>stay <00:15:08.696>in <00:15:08.813>the <00:15:08.930>optical <00:15:09.046>and <00:15:09.163>analog <00:15:09.280>domain?

00:15:09.870 --> 00:15:09.880 align:start position:0%
<00:15:09.870>optical <00:15:09.873>and <00:15:09.876>analog <00:15:09.879>domain?

00:15:09.880 --> 00:15:12.350 align:start position:0%
<00:15:09.880>optical <00:15:10.007>and <00:15:10.134>analog <00:15:10.261>domain? <00:15:10.389>On <00:15:10.516>the <00:15:10.643>Y <00:15:10.770>axis, <00:15:10.898>this <00:15:11.025>is <00:15:11.152>actually <00:15:11.280>how

00:15:12.350 --> 00:15:12.360 align:start position:0%
<00:15:12.350>On <00:15:12.351>the <00:15:12.352>Y <00:15:12.353>axis, <00:15:12.355>this <00:15:12.356>is <00:15:12.357>actually <00:15:12.359>how

00:15:12.360 --> 00:15:14.670 align:start position:0%
<00:15:12.360>On <00:15:12.460>the <00:15:12.560>Y <00:15:12.660>axis, <00:15:12.760>this <00:15:12.860>is <00:15:12.960>actually <00:15:13.060>how <00:15:13.160>complex, <00:15:13.260>how <00:15:13.360>sophisticated <00:15:13.460>is <00:15:13.560>the <00:15:13.660>is <00:15:13.760>the

00:15:14.670 --> 00:15:14.680 align:start position:0%
<00:15:14.670>complex, <00:15:14.671>how <00:15:14.673>sophisticated <00:15:14.674>is <00:15:14.675>the <00:15:14.677>is <00:15:14.679>the

00:15:14.680 --> 00:15:16.430 align:start position:0%
<00:15:14.680>complex, <00:15:14.854>how <00:15:15.030>sophisticated <00:15:15.204>is <00:15:15.380>the <00:15:15.555>is <00:15:15.729>the <00:15:15.905>computer <00:15:16.079>operation.

00:15:16.430 --> 00:15:16.440 align:start position:0%
<00:15:16.430>computer <00:15:16.439>operation.

00:15:16.440 --> 00:15:18.790 align:start position:0%
<00:15:16.440>computer <00:15:16.595>operation. <00:15:16.751>Is <00:15:16.906>it <00:15:17.062>linear? <00:15:17.217>Is <00:15:17.373>it <00:15:17.528>non-linear? <00:15:17.684>Is <00:15:17.840>it

00:15:18.790 --> 00:15:18.800 align:start position:0%
<00:15:18.790>Is <00:15:18.791>it <00:15:18.792>linear? <00:15:18.793>Is <00:15:18.795>it <00:15:18.796>non-linear? <00:15:18.797>Is <00:15:18.799>it

00:15:18.800 --> 00:15:20.430 align:start position:0%
<00:15:18.800>Is <00:15:18.955>it <00:15:19.111>linear? <00:15:19.266>Is <00:15:19.422>it <00:15:19.577>non-linear? <00:15:19.733>Is <00:15:19.888>it <00:15:20.044>something <00:15:20.199>more

00:15:20.430 --> 00:15:20.440 align:start position:0%
<00:15:20.430>something <00:15:20.439>more

00:15:20.440 --> 00:15:21.670 align:start position:0%
<00:15:20.440>something <00:15:20.993>more <00:15:21.547>funky?

00:15:21.670 --> 00:15:21.680 align:start position:0%
funky?

00:15:21.680 --> 00:15:24.510 align:start position:0%
<00:15:21.680>funky? <00:15:21.854>Um, <00:15:22.030>matrix <00:15:22.204>operations <00:15:22.380>is <00:15:22.555>sort <00:15:22.729>of <00:15:22.905>on <00:15:23.079>the

00:15:24.510 --> 00:15:24.520 align:start position:0%
<00:15:24.510>Um, <00:15:24.511>matrix <00:15:24.512>operations <00:15:24.513>is <00:15:24.515>sort <00:15:24.516>of <00:15:24.517>on <00:15:24.519>the

00:15:24.520 --> 00:15:27.150 align:start position:0%
<00:15:24.520>Um, <00:15:24.636>matrix <00:15:24.753>operations <00:15:24.870>is <00:15:24.986>sort <00:15:25.103>of <00:15:25.220>on <00:15:25.336>the <00:15:25.453>lower <00:15:25.569>left <00:15:25.686>because <00:15:25.803>yeah, <00:15:25.920>standard

00:15:27.150 --> 00:15:27.160 align:start position:0%
<00:15:27.150>lower <00:15:27.152>left <00:15:27.154>because <00:15:27.156>yeah, <00:15:27.159>standard

00:15:27.160 --> 00:15:28.910 align:start position:0%
<00:15:27.160>lower <00:15:27.439>left <00:15:27.719>because <00:15:28.000>yeah, <00:15:28.280>standard <00:15:28.560>multiplication,

00:15:28.910 --> 00:15:28.920 align:start position:0%
multiplication,

00:15:28.920 --> 00:15:30.990 align:start position:0%
<00:15:28.920>multiplication, <00:15:29.153>you <00:15:29.386>can <00:15:29.620>do <00:15:29.853>that. <00:15:30.086>Activation <00:15:30.319>functions,

00:15:30.990 --> 00:15:31.000 align:start position:0%
<00:15:30.990>you <00:15:30.991>can <00:15:30.993>do <00:15:30.995>that. <00:15:30.997>Activation <00:15:30.999>functions,

00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:33.270 align:start position:0%
<00:15:31.000>you <00:15:31.100>can <00:15:31.200>do <00:15:31.300>that. <00:15:31.400>Activation <00:15:31.500>functions, <00:15:31.600>like <00:15:31.700>if <00:15:31.800>we <00:15:31.900>talk <00:15:32.000>about <00:15:32.100>a <00:15:32.200>soft <00:15:32.300>max <00:15:32.400>today,

00:15:33.270 --> 00:15:33.280 align:start position:0%
<00:15:33.270>like <00:15:33.271>if <00:15:33.272>we <00:15:33.273>talk <00:15:33.274>about <00:15:33.275>a <00:15:33.276>soft <00:15:33.277>max <00:15:33.279>today,

00:15:33.280 --> 00:15:36.190 align:start position:0%
<00:15:33.280>like <00:15:33.387>if <00:15:33.495>we <00:15:33.603>talk <00:15:33.710>about <00:15:33.818>a <00:15:33.926>soft <00:15:34.033>max <00:15:34.141>today, <00:15:34.249>we <00:15:34.356>would <00:15:34.464>all <00:15:34.572>be <00:15:34.680>doing

00:15:36.190 --> 00:15:36.200 align:start position:0%
<00:15:36.190>we <00:15:36.192>would <00:15:36.194>all <00:15:36.196>be <00:15:36.199>doing

00:15:36.200 --> 00:15:38.670 align:start position:0%
<00:15:36.200>we <00:15:36.355>would <00:15:36.511>all <00:15:36.666>be <00:15:36.822>doing <00:15:36.977>weird <00:15:37.133>stuff <00:15:37.288>on <00:15:37.444>the <00:15:37.600>FPGA.

00:15:38.670 --> 00:15:38.680 align:start position:0%
<00:15:38.670>weird <00:15:38.672>stuff <00:15:38.674>on <00:15:38.676>the <00:15:38.679>FPGA.

00:15:38.680 --> 00:15:40.590 align:start position:0%
<00:15:38.680>weird <00:15:38.787>stuff <00:15:38.895>on <00:15:39.003>the <00:15:39.110>FPGA. <00:15:39.218>So, <00:15:39.326>which <00:15:39.433>is <00:15:39.541>why <00:15:39.649>we <00:15:39.756>built <00:15:39.864>a <00:15:39.972>PCI <00:15:40.079>device.

00:15:40.590 --> 00:15:40.600 align:start position:0%
<00:15:40.590>So, <00:15:40.591>which <00:15:40.592>is <00:15:40.593>why <00:15:40.594>we <00:15:40.595>built <00:15:40.596>a <00:15:40.597>PCI <00:15:40.599>device.

00:15:40.600 --> 00:15:42.950 align:start position:0%
<00:15:40.600>So, <00:15:40.693>which <00:15:40.786>is <00:15:40.880>why <00:15:40.973>we <00:15:41.066>built <00:15:41.160>a <00:15:41.253>PCI <00:15:41.346>device. <00:15:41.440>It's <00:15:41.533>just <00:15:41.626>a <00:15:41.720>combination <00:15:41.813>of <00:15:41.906>everything <00:15:42.000>we

00:15:42.950 --> 00:15:42.960 align:start position:0%
<00:15:42.950>It's <00:15:42.951>just <00:15:42.953>a <00:15:42.954>combination <00:15:42.956>of <00:15:42.957>everything <00:15:42.959>we

00:15:42.960 --> 00:15:49.750 align:start position:0%
<00:15:42.960>It's <00:15:43.160>just <00:15:43.360>a <00:15:43.560>combination <00:15:43.760>of <00:15:43.960>everything <00:15:44.160>we <00:15:44.360>need.

00:15:49.760 --> 00:15:51.830 align:start position:0%
<00:15:49.760>So, <00:15:49.993>let's <00:15:50.226>see <00:15:50.460>what <00:15:50.693>might <00:15:50.926>be <00:15:51.160>coming.

00:15:51.830 --> 00:15:51.840 align:start position:0%
<00:15:51.830>So, <00:15:51.831>let's <00:15:51.833>see <00:15:51.834>what <00:15:51.836>might <00:15:51.837>be <00:15:51.839>coming.

00:15:51.840 --> 00:15:53.630 align:start position:0%
<00:15:51.840>So, <00:15:51.967>let's <00:15:52.094>see <00:15:52.221>what <00:15:52.349>might <00:15:52.476>be <00:15:52.603>coming. <00:15:52.730>No <00:15:52.858>forward-looking <00:15:52.985>statements, <00:15:53.112>but <00:15:53.240>just

00:15:53.630 --> 00:15:53.640 align:start position:0%
<00:15:53.630>No <00:15:53.632>forward-looking <00:15:53.634>statements, <00:15:53.636>but <00:15:53.639>just

00:15:53.640 --> 00:15:56.230 align:start position:0%
<00:15:53.640>No <00:15:53.767>forward-looking <00:15:53.894>statements, <00:15:54.021>but <00:15:54.149>just <00:15:54.276>saying <00:15:54.403>what <00:15:54.530>might <00:15:54.658>be <00:15:54.785>coming. <00:15:54.912>Um, <00:15:55.040>Fourier

00:15:56.230 --> 00:15:56.240 align:start position:0%
<00:15:56.230>saying <00:15:56.231>what <00:15:56.233>might <00:15:56.234>be <00:15:56.236>coming. <00:15:56.237>Um, <00:15:56.239>Fourier

00:15:56.240 --> 00:15:57.790 align:start position:0%
<00:15:56.240>saying <00:15:56.439>what <00:15:56.638>might <00:15:56.837>be <00:15:57.037>coming. <00:15:57.236>Um, <00:15:57.435>Fourier <00:15:57.635>transformations,

00:15:57.790 --> 00:15:57.800 align:start position:0%
transformations,

00:15:57.800 --> 00:15:59.630 align:start position:0%
<00:15:57.800>transformations, <00:15:58.266>um, <00:15:58.733>this <00:15:59.199>is

00:15:59.630 --> 00:15:59.640 align:start position:0%
<00:15:59.630>um, <00:15:59.634>this <00:15:59.639>is

00:15:59.640 --> 00:16:03.510 align:start position:0%
<00:15:59.640>um, <00:15:59.795>this <00:15:59.951>is <00:16:00.106>this <00:16:00.262>gives <00:16:00.417>you <00:16:00.573>a <00:16:00.728>a <00:16:00.884>translation <00:16:01.040>from

00:16:03.510 --> 00:16:03.520 align:start position:0%
<00:16:03.510>this <00:16:03.511>gives <00:16:03.513>you <00:16:03.514>a <00:16:03.516>a <00:16:03.517>translation <00:16:03.519>from

00:16:03.520 --> 00:16:04.710 align:start position:0%
<00:16:03.520>this <00:16:03.673>gives <00:16:03.826>you <00:16:03.979>a <00:16:04.132>a <00:16:04.285>translation <00:16:04.438>from <00:16:04.591>the

00:16:04.710 --> 00:16:04.720 align:start position:0%
the

00:16:04.720 --> 00:16:06.550 align:start position:0%
<00:16:04.720>the <00:16:06.120>uh,

00:16:06.550 --> 00:16:06.560 align:start position:0%
uh,

00:16:06.560 --> 00:16:08.630 align:start position:0%
<00:16:06.560>uh, <00:16:06.910>uh, <00:16:07.260>from <00:16:07.609>your, <00:16:07.959>um,

00:16:08.630 --> 00:16:08.640 align:start position:0%
<00:16:08.630>uh, <00:16:08.633>from <00:16:08.636>your, <00:16:08.639>um,

00:16:08.640 --> 00:16:11.150 align:start position:0%
<00:16:08.640>uh, <00:16:08.780>from <00:16:08.920>your, <00:16:09.060>um, <00:16:09.199>from <00:16:09.340>your <00:16:09.480>data <00:16:09.620>into <00:16:09.760>the <00:16:09.900>Fourier <00:16:10.040>space.

00:16:11.150 --> 00:16:11.160 align:start position:0%
<00:16:11.150>from <00:16:11.151>your <00:16:11.153>data <00:16:11.154>into <00:16:11.156>the <00:16:11.157>Fourier <00:16:11.159>space.

00:16:11.160 --> 00:16:13.190 align:start position:0%
<00:16:11.160>from <00:16:11.253>your <00:16:11.346>data <00:16:11.439>into <00:16:11.533>the <00:16:11.626>Fourier <00:16:11.719>space. <00:16:11.813>And <00:16:11.906>then <00:16:12.000>you <00:16:12.093>can <00:16:12.186>work <00:16:12.280>in <00:16:12.373>the <00:16:12.466>in <00:16:12.560>the

00:16:13.190 --> 00:16:13.200 align:start position:0%
<00:16:13.190>And <00:16:13.191>then <00:16:13.192>you <00:16:13.193>can <00:16:13.194>work <00:16:13.195>in <00:16:13.196>the <00:16:13.197>in <00:16:13.199>the

00:16:13.200 --> 00:16:14.430 align:start position:0%
<00:16:13.200>And <00:16:13.310>then <00:16:13.421>you <00:16:13.532>can <00:16:13.642>work <00:16:13.753>in <00:16:13.864>the <00:16:13.974>in <00:16:14.085>the <00:16:14.196>Fourier <00:16:14.307>domain.

00:16:14.430 --> 00:16:14.440 align:start position:0%
<00:16:14.430>Fourier <00:16:14.439>domain.

00:16:14.440 --> 00:16:16.390 align:start position:0%
<00:16:14.440>Fourier <00:16:14.906>domain. <00:16:15.373>That <00:16:15.840>is

00:16:16.390 --> 00:16:16.400 align:start position:0%
<00:16:16.390>That <00:16:16.399>is

00:16:16.400 --> 00:16:18.550 align:start position:0%
<00:16:16.400>That <00:16:16.574>is <00:16:16.750>in <00:16:16.925>the <00:16:17.100>frequency <00:16:17.275>domain. <00:16:17.449>That <00:16:17.625>that <00:16:17.800>is

00:16:18.550 --> 00:16:18.560 align:start position:0%
<00:16:18.550>in <00:16:18.551>the <00:16:18.553>frequency <00:16:18.554>domain. <00:16:18.555>That <00:16:18.557>that <00:16:18.559>is

00:16:18.560 --> 00:16:21.910 align:start position:0%
<00:16:18.560>in <00:16:18.676>the <00:16:18.793>frequency <00:16:18.910>domain. <00:16:19.026>That <00:16:19.143>that <00:16:19.260>is <00:16:19.376>interesting <00:16:19.493>for <00:16:19.609>a <00:16:19.726>number <00:16:19.843>of <00:16:19.959>of

00:16:21.910 --> 00:16:21.920 align:start position:0%
<00:16:21.910>interesting <00:16:21.911>for <00:16:21.913>a <00:16:21.915>number <00:16:21.917>of <00:16:21.919>of

00:16:21.920 --> 00:16:23.630 align:start position:0%
<00:16:21.920>interesting <00:16:22.153>for <00:16:22.386>a <00:16:22.620>number <00:16:22.853>of <00:16:23.086>of <00:16:23.319>applications,

00:16:23.630 --> 00:16:23.640 align:start position:0%
applications,

00:16:23.640 --> 00:16:25.350 align:start position:0%
<00:16:23.640>applications, <00:16:24.340>but <00:16:25.040>also,

00:16:25.350 --> 00:16:25.360 align:start position:0%
<00:16:25.350>but <00:16:25.359>also,

00:16:25.360 --> 00:16:27.630 align:start position:0%
<00:16:25.360>but <00:16:25.640>also, <00:16:25.920>uh, <00:16:26.200>for <00:16:26.480>instance, <00:16:26.760>convolutions

00:16:27.630 --> 00:16:27.640 align:start position:0%
<00:16:27.630>uh, <00:16:27.633>for <00:16:27.636>instance, <00:16:27.639>convolutions

00:16:27.640 --> 00:16:29.470 align:start position:0%
<00:16:27.640>uh, <00:16:27.795>for <00:16:27.951>instance, <00:16:28.106>convolutions <00:16:28.262>are <00:16:28.417>a <00:16:28.573>multiplication <00:16:28.728>in <00:16:28.884>the <00:16:29.040>frequency

00:16:29.470 --> 00:16:29.480 align:start position:0%
<00:16:29.470>are <00:16:29.471>a <00:16:29.473>multiplication <00:16:29.475>in <00:16:29.477>the <00:16:29.479>frequency

00:16:29.480 --> 00:16:30.950 align:start position:0%
<00:16:29.480>are <00:16:29.590>a <00:16:29.700>multiplication <00:16:29.810>in <00:16:29.921>the <00:16:30.031>frequency <00:16:30.141>domain. <00:16:30.251>So, <00:16:30.362>if <00:16:30.472>you <00:16:30.582>do <00:16:30.692>a <00:16:30.803>Fourier

00:16:30.950 --> 00:16:30.960 align:start position:0%
<00:16:30.950>domain. <00:16:30.951>So, <00:16:30.953>if <00:16:30.954>you <00:16:30.956>do <00:16:30.957>a <00:16:30.959>Fourier

00:16:30.960 --> 00:16:33.310 align:start position:0%
<00:16:30.960>domain. <00:16:31.087>So, <00:16:31.214>if <00:16:31.341>you <00:16:31.469>do <00:16:31.596>a <00:16:31.723>Fourier <00:16:31.850>transformation, <00:16:31.978>you <00:16:32.105>do <00:16:32.232>a <00:16:32.360>multiplication,

00:16:33.310 --> 00:16:33.320 align:start position:0%
<00:16:33.310>transformation, <00:16:33.312>you <00:16:33.314>do <00:16:33.316>a <00:16:33.319>multiplication,

00:16:33.320 --> 00:16:34.470 align:start position:0%
<00:16:33.320>transformation, <00:16:33.435>you <00:16:33.550>do <00:16:33.665>a <00:16:33.780>multiplication, <00:16:33.895>you <00:16:34.010>do <00:16:34.125>an <00:16:34.240>inverse <00:16:34.355>Fourier

00:16:34.470 --> 00:16:34.480 align:start position:0%
<00:16:34.470>you <00:16:34.472>do <00:16:34.474>an <00:16:34.476>inverse <00:16:34.479>Fourier

00:16:34.480 --> 00:16:36.230 align:start position:0%
<00:16:34.480>you <00:16:34.635>do <00:16:34.791>an <00:16:34.946>inverse <00:16:35.102>Fourier <00:16:35.257>transformation, <00:16:35.413>you <00:16:35.568>have <00:16:35.724>done <00:16:35.880>a

00:16:36.230 --> 00:16:36.240 align:start position:0%
<00:16:36.230>transformation, <00:16:36.232>you <00:16:36.234>have <00:16:36.236>done <00:16:36.239>a

00:16:36.240 --> 00:16:37.750 align:start position:0%
<00:16:36.240>transformation, <00:16:36.511>you <00:16:36.783>have <00:16:37.055>done <00:16:37.327>a <00:16:37.599>convolution.

00:16:37.750 --> 00:16:37.760 align:start position:0%
convolution.

00:16:37.760 --> 00:16:40.470 align:start position:0%
<00:16:37.760>convolution. <00:16:38.110>That's <00:16:38.460>not <00:16:38.810>really <00:16:39.160>super

00:16:40.470 --> 00:16:40.480 align:start position:0%
<00:16:40.470>That's <00:16:40.473>not <00:16:40.476>really <00:16:40.479>super

00:16:40.480 --> 00:16:42.310 align:start position:0%
<00:16:40.480>That's <00:16:40.635>not <00:16:40.791>really <00:16:40.946>super <00:16:41.102>like <00:16:41.257>worthwhile <00:16:41.413>doing <00:16:41.568>for <00:16:41.724>a <00:16:41.880>small

00:16:42.310 --> 00:16:42.320 align:start position:0%
<00:16:42.310>like <00:16:42.311>worthwhile <00:16:42.313>doing <00:16:42.315>for <00:16:42.317>a <00:16:42.319>small

00:16:42.320 --> 00:16:44.510 align:start position:0%
<00:16:42.320>like <00:16:42.460>worthwhile <00:16:42.600>doing <00:16:42.740>for <00:16:42.880>a <00:16:43.020>small <00:16:43.160>convolution <00:16:43.300>kernel, <00:16:43.440>but <00:16:43.580>if <00:16:43.720>convolution

00:16:44.510 --> 00:16:44.520 align:start position:0%
<00:16:44.510>convolution <00:16:44.512>kernel, <00:16:44.514>but <00:16:44.516>if <00:16:44.519>convolution

00:16:44.520 --> 00:16:47.670 align:start position:0%
<00:16:44.520>convolution <00:16:44.647>kernel, <00:16:44.774>but <00:16:44.901>if <00:16:45.029>convolution <00:16:45.156>kernels <00:16:45.283>are <00:16:45.410>larger, <00:16:45.538>then <00:16:45.665>this <00:16:45.792>makes <00:16:45.920>a

00:16:47.670 --> 00:16:47.680 align:start position:0%
<00:16:47.670>kernels <00:16:47.671>are <00:16:47.673>larger, <00:16:47.674>then <00:16:47.675>this <00:16:47.677>makes <00:16:47.679>a

00:16:47.680 --> 00:16:49.430 align:start position:0%
<00:16:47.680>kernels <00:16:47.796>are <00:16:47.913>larger, <00:16:48.030>then <00:16:48.146>this <00:16:48.263>makes <00:16:48.380>a <00:16:48.496>difference. <00:16:48.613>And <00:16:48.729>so, <00:16:48.846>that's <00:16:48.963>just <00:16:49.079>an

00:16:49.430 --> 00:16:49.440 align:start position:0%
<00:16:49.430>difference. <00:16:49.431>And <00:16:49.433>so, <00:16:49.435>that's <00:16:49.437>just <00:16:49.439>an

00:16:49.440 --> 00:16:51.630 align:start position:0%
<00:16:49.440>difference. <00:16:49.615>And <00:16:49.790>so, <00:16:49.965>that's <00:16:50.140>just <00:16:50.315>an <00:16:50.490>example <00:16:50.665>of <00:16:50.840>why

00:16:51.630 --> 00:16:51.640 align:start position:0%
<00:16:51.630>example <00:16:51.634>of <00:16:51.639>why

00:16:51.640 --> 00:16:54.710 align:start position:0%
<00:16:51.640>example <00:16:51.814>of <00:16:51.990>why <00:16:52.165>photonics <00:16:52.340>is <00:16:52.515>can <00:16:52.689>go <00:16:52.865>beyond <00:16:53.040>like

00:16:54.710 --> 00:16:54.720 align:start position:0%
<00:16:54.710>photonics <00:16:54.711>is <00:16:54.713>can <00:16:54.715>go <00:16:54.717>beyond <00:16:54.719>like

00:16:54.720 --> 00:16:57.110 align:start position:0%
<00:16:54.720>photonics <00:16:54.895>is <00:16:55.070>can <00:16:55.245>go <00:16:55.420>beyond <00:16:55.595>like <00:16:55.770>classical <00:16:55.945>transistor <00:16:56.120>architectures

00:16:57.110 --> 00:16:57.120 align:start position:0%
<00:16:57.110>classical <00:16:57.114>transistor <00:16:57.119>architectures

00:16:57.120 --> 00:16:59.310 align:start position:0%
<00:16:57.120>classical <00:16:57.295>transistor <00:16:57.470>architectures <00:16:57.645>because <00:16:57.820>this <00:16:57.995>is <00:16:58.170>one <00:16:58.345>optical <00:16:58.520>element

00:16:59.310 --> 00:16:59.320 align:start position:0%
<00:16:59.310>because <00:16:59.311>this <00:16:59.313>is <00:16:59.315>one <00:16:59.317>optical <00:16:59.319>element

00:16:59.320 --> 00:17:00.070 align:start position:0%
<00:16:59.320>because <00:16:59.387>this <00:16:59.455>is <00:16:59.522>one <00:16:59.590>optical <00:16:59.657>element <00:16:59.725>which <00:16:59.792>gives <00:16:59.860>you <00:16:59.927>a <00:16:59.995>Fourier

00:17:00.070 --> 00:17:00.080 align:start position:0%
<00:17:00.070>which <00:17:00.072>gives <00:17:00.074>you <00:17:00.076>a <00:17:00.079>Fourier

00:17:00.080 --> 00:17:01.550 align:start position:0%
<00:17:00.080>which <00:17:00.344>gives <00:17:00.609>you <00:17:00.873>a <00:17:01.138>Fourier <00:17:01.403>transformation.

00:17:01.550 --> 00:17:01.560 align:start position:0%
transformation.

00:17:01.560 --> 00:17:04.470 align:start position:0%
<00:17:01.560>transformation. <00:17:01.760>We <00:17:01.959>do <00:17:02.160>that <00:17:02.359>natively <00:17:02.560>and <00:17:02.760>and <00:17:02.959>actually

00:17:04.470 --> 00:17:04.480 align:start position:0%
<00:17:04.470>We <00:17:04.471>do <00:17:04.473>that <00:17:04.474>natively <00:17:04.476>and <00:17:04.477>and <00:17:04.479>actually

00:17:04.480 --> 00:17:05.910 align:start position:0%
<00:17:04.480>We <00:17:04.587>do <00:17:04.694>that <00:17:04.801>natively <00:17:04.909>and <00:17:05.016>and <00:17:05.123>actually <00:17:05.230>we <00:17:05.338>don't <00:17:05.445>do <00:17:05.552>anything <00:17:05.659>because <00:17:05.767>physics

00:17:05.910 --> 00:17:05.920 align:start position:0%
<00:17:05.910>we <00:17:05.911>don't <00:17:05.913>do <00:17:05.915>anything <00:17:05.917>because <00:17:05.919>physics

00:17:05.920 --> 00:17:09.870 align:start position:0%
<00:17:05.920>we <00:17:06.060>don't <00:17:06.200>do <00:17:06.340>anything <00:17:06.480>because <00:17:06.620>physics <00:17:06.760>will <00:17:06.900>do <00:17:07.040>it <00:17:07.180>for <00:17:07.320>us.

00:17:09.880 --> 00:17:12.990 align:start position:0%
<00:17:09.880>As <00:17:10.055>a <00:17:10.230>next <00:17:10.405>step, <00:17:10.580>I <00:17:10.755>I <00:17:10.930>spoiled <00:17:11.105>like <00:17:11.280>cosine

00:17:12.990 --> 00:17:13.000 align:start position:0%
<00:17:12.990>As <00:17:12.991>a <00:17:12.992>next <00:17:12.993>step, <00:17:12.994>I <00:17:12.995>I <00:17:12.996>spoiled <00:17:12.997>like <00:17:12.999>cosine

00:17:13.000 --> 00:17:15.750 align:start position:0%
<00:17:13.000>As <00:17:13.093>a <00:17:13.186>next <00:17:13.280>step, <00:17:13.373>I <00:17:13.466>I <00:17:13.560>spoiled <00:17:13.653>like <00:17:13.746>cosine <00:17:13.839>already. <00:17:13.933>Cosine <00:17:14.026>is <00:17:14.119>something <00:17:14.213>we <00:17:14.306>we <00:17:14.400>have

00:17:15.750 --> 00:17:15.760 align:start position:0%
<00:17:15.750>already. <00:17:15.751>Cosine <00:17:15.752>is <00:17:15.754>something <00:17:15.756>we <00:17:15.757>we <00:17:15.759>have

00:17:15.760 --> 00:17:18.309 align:start position:0%
<00:17:15.760>already. <00:17:15.887>Cosine <00:17:16.014>is <00:17:16.141>something <00:17:16.269>we <00:17:16.396>we <00:17:16.523>have <00:17:16.650>today <00:17:16.778>available <00:17:16.905>in <00:17:17.032>the <00:17:17.160>hardware

00:17:18.309 --> 00:17:18.319 align:start position:0%
<00:17:18.309>today <00:17:18.311>available <00:17:18.313>in <00:17:18.315>the <00:17:18.318>hardware

00:17:18.319 --> 00:17:21.590 align:start position:0%
<00:17:18.319>today <00:17:18.519>available <00:17:18.719>in <00:17:18.918>the <00:17:19.118>hardware <00:17:19.319>um <00:17:19.519>second <00:17:19.719>generation

00:17:21.590 --> 00:17:21.600 align:start position:0%
<00:17:21.589>um <00:17:21.594>second <00:17:21.598>generation

00:17:21.600 --> 00:17:24.750 align:start position:0%
<00:17:21.599>um <00:17:21.800>second <00:17:22.000>generation <00:17:22.199>advanced <00:17:22.399>neural <00:17:22.599>networks <00:17:22.800>free <00:17:23.000>series.

00:17:24.750 --> 00:17:24.760 align:start position:0%
<00:17:24.750>advanced <00:17:24.752>neural <00:17:24.754>networks <00:17:24.756>free <00:17:24.759>series.

00:17:24.760 --> 00:17:27.590 align:start position:0%
<00:17:24.760>advanced <00:17:24.887>neural <00:17:25.014>networks <00:17:25.141>free <00:17:25.269>series. <00:17:25.396>That's <00:17:25.523>a <00:17:25.650>very <00:17:25.778>full <00:17:25.905>a <00:17:26.032>very <00:17:26.160>powerful

00:17:27.590 --> 00:17:27.600 align:start position:0%
<00:17:27.589>That's <00:17:27.591>a <00:17:27.592>very <00:17:27.594>full <00:17:27.596>a <00:17:27.597>very <00:17:27.598>powerful

00:17:27.600 --> 00:17:28.390 align:start position:0%
<00:17:27.599>That's <00:17:27.701>a <00:17:27.803>very <00:17:27.904>full <00:17:28.006>a <00:17:28.107>very <00:17:28.209>powerful <00:17:28.311>um

00:17:28.390 --> 00:17:28.400 align:start position:0%
um

00:17:28.400 --> 00:17:32.030 align:start position:0%
<00:17:28.400>um <00:17:28.750>element <00:17:29.100>in <00:17:29.450>neural <00:17:29.800>networks.

00:17:32.030 --> 00:17:32.040 align:start position:0%
<00:17:32.030>element <00:17:32.033>in <00:17:32.036>neural <00:17:32.039>networks.

00:17:32.040 --> 00:17:33.950 align:start position:0%
<00:17:32.040>element <00:17:32.240>in <00:17:32.440>neural <00:17:32.639>networks. <00:17:32.840>We <00:17:33.040>then <00:17:33.240>go <00:17:33.440>ahead

00:17:33.950 --> 00:17:33.960 align:start position:0%
<00:17:33.950>We <00:17:33.953>then <00:17:33.956>go <00:17:33.959>ahead

00:17:33.960 --> 00:17:36.270 align:start position:0%
<00:17:33.960>We <00:17:34.100>then <00:17:34.240>go <00:17:34.380>ahead <00:17:34.520>and <00:17:34.660>look <00:17:34.800>what <00:17:34.940>else <00:17:35.080>could <00:17:35.220>we <00:17:35.360>do?

00:17:36.270 --> 00:17:36.280 align:start position:0%
<00:17:36.270>and <00:17:36.271>look <00:17:36.273>what <00:17:36.274>else <00:17:36.276>could <00:17:36.277>we <00:17:36.279>do?

00:17:36.280 --> 00:17:38.310 align:start position:0%
<00:17:36.280>and <00:17:36.396>look <00:17:36.513>what <00:17:36.629>else <00:17:36.746>could <00:17:36.863>we <00:17:36.980>do? <00:17:37.096>There <00:17:37.213>are <00:17:37.330>some <00:17:37.446>more <00:17:37.563>stateful <00:17:37.680>and

00:17:38.310 --> 00:17:38.320 align:start position:0%
<00:17:38.310>There <00:17:38.311>are <00:17:38.313>some <00:17:38.315>more <00:17:38.317>stateful <00:17:38.319>and

00:17:38.320 --> 00:17:41.310 align:start position:0%
<00:17:38.320>There <00:17:38.475>are <00:17:38.631>some <00:17:38.786>more <00:17:38.942>stateful <00:17:39.097>and <00:17:39.253>dynamical <00:17:39.408>systems <00:17:39.564>like <00:17:39.720>oscillators,

00:17:41.310 --> 00:17:41.320 align:start position:0%
<00:17:41.310>dynamical <00:17:41.312>systems <00:17:41.316>like <00:17:41.319>oscillators,

00:17:41.320 --> 00:17:44.110 align:start position:0%
<00:17:41.320>dynamical <00:17:41.460>systems <00:17:41.600>like <00:17:41.740>oscillators, <00:17:41.879>which <00:17:42.020>is <00:17:42.159>not <00:17:42.300>crazy <00:17:42.439>hard <00:17:42.580>in <00:17:42.720>photonics.

00:17:44.110 --> 00:17:44.120 align:start position:0%
<00:17:44.110>which <00:17:44.111>is <00:17:44.112>not <00:17:44.114>crazy <00:17:44.116>hard <00:17:44.117>in <00:17:44.119>photonics.

00:17:44.120 --> 00:17:46.910 align:start position:0%
<00:17:44.120>which <00:17:44.236>is <00:17:44.353>not <00:17:44.469>crazy <00:17:44.586>hard <00:17:44.703>in <00:17:44.820>photonics. <00:17:44.936>I'm <00:17:45.053>a <00:17:45.169>software <00:17:45.286>guy, <00:17:45.403>so <00:17:45.520>I

00:17:46.910 --> 00:17:46.920 align:start position:0%
<00:17:46.910>I'm <00:17:46.911>a <00:17:46.913>software <00:17:46.915>guy, <00:17:46.917>so <00:17:46.919>I

00:17:46.920 --> 00:17:48.190 align:start position:0%
<00:17:46.920>I'm <00:17:47.015>a <00:17:47.110>software <00:17:47.205>guy, <00:17:47.301>so <00:17:47.396>I <00:17:47.491>photonics <00:17:47.586>guys <00:17:47.682>tell <00:17:47.777>me <00:17:47.872>that <00:17:47.967>and <00:17:48.063>I

00:17:48.190 --> 00:17:48.200 align:start position:0%
<00:17:48.190>photonics <00:17:48.191>guys <00:17:48.193>tell <00:17:48.194>me <00:17:48.196>that <00:17:48.197>and <00:17:48.199>I

00:17:48.200 --> 00:17:50.670 align:start position:0%
<00:17:48.200>photonics <00:17:48.300>guys <00:17:48.400>tell <00:17:48.500>me <00:17:48.600>that <00:17:48.700>and <00:17:48.800>I <00:17:48.900>believe <00:17:49.000>them. <00:17:49.100>It's <00:17:49.200>not <00:17:49.300>super <00:17:49.400>hard <00:17:49.500>to <00:17:49.600>do

00:17:50.670 --> 00:17:50.680 align:start position:0%
<00:17:50.670>believe <00:17:50.671>them. <00:17:50.672>It's <00:17:50.673>not <00:17:50.675>super <00:17:50.676>hard <00:17:50.677>to <00:17:50.679>do

00:17:50.680 --> 00:17:53.030 align:start position:0%
<00:17:50.680>believe <00:17:50.796>them. <00:17:50.913>It's <00:17:51.030>not <00:17:51.146>super <00:17:51.263>hard <00:17:51.380>to <00:17:51.496>do <00:17:51.613>in <00:17:51.730>in <00:17:51.846>the <00:17:51.963>photonic <00:17:52.080>world,

00:17:53.030 --> 00:17:53.040 align:start position:0%
<00:17:53.030>in <00:17:53.032>in <00:17:53.034>the <00:17:53.036>photonic <00:17:53.039>world,

00:17:53.040 --> 00:17:55.550 align:start position:0%
<00:17:53.040>in <00:17:53.156>in <00:17:53.273>the <00:17:53.389>photonic <00:17:53.506>world, <00:17:53.623>but <00:17:53.740>what <00:17:53.856>it <00:17:53.973>gives <00:17:54.090>us <00:17:54.206>is <00:17:54.323>a <00:17:54.440>dynamical

00:17:55.550 --> 00:17:55.560 align:start position:0%
<00:17:55.550>but <00:17:55.551>what <00:17:55.552>it <00:17:55.553>gives <00:17:55.555>us <00:17:55.556>is <00:17:55.557>a <00:17:55.559>dynamical

00:17:55.560 --> 00:17:57.710 align:start position:0%
<00:17:55.560>but <00:17:55.667>what <00:17:55.775>it <00:17:55.883>gives <00:17:55.990>us <00:17:56.098>is <00:17:56.206>a <00:17:56.313>dynamical <00:17:56.421>system, <00:17:56.529>a <00:17:56.636>stateful <00:17:56.744>system <00:17:56.852>with <00:17:56.960>some

00:17:57.710 --> 00:17:57.720 align:start position:0%
<00:17:57.710>system, <00:17:57.711>a <00:17:57.713>stateful <00:17:57.715>system <00:17:57.717>with <00:17:57.719>some

00:17:57.720 --> 00:18:00.110 align:start position:0%
<00:17:57.720>system, <00:17:57.920>a <00:17:58.120>stateful <00:17:58.320>system <00:17:58.520>with <00:17:58.720>some <00:17:58.920>latent <00:17:59.120>space

00:18:00.110 --> 00:18:00.120 align:start position:0%
<00:18:00.110>latent <00:18:00.119>space

00:18:00.120 --> 00:18:03.270 align:start position:0%
<00:18:00.120>latent <00:18:00.320>space <00:18:00.520>being <00:18:00.719>on <00:18:00.919>on <00:18:01.120>the <00:18:01.320>photonic <00:18:01.520>chip

00:18:03.270 --> 00:18:03.280 align:start position:0%
<00:18:03.270>being <00:18:03.271>on <00:18:03.273>on <00:18:03.275>the <00:18:03.277>photonic <00:18:03.279>chip

00:18:03.280 --> 00:18:05.470 align:start position:0%
<00:18:03.280>being <00:18:03.379>on <00:18:03.480>on <00:18:03.580>the <00:18:03.680>photonic <00:18:03.780>chip <00:18:03.879>and <00:18:03.980>we <00:18:04.080>get <00:18:04.180>that <00:18:04.280>for <00:18:04.379>free. <00:18:04.480>We <00:18:04.580>don't <00:18:04.680>have

00:18:05.470 --> 00:18:05.480 align:start position:0%
<00:18:05.470>and <00:18:05.471>we <00:18:05.472>get <00:18:05.473>that <00:18:05.474>for <00:18:05.475>free. <00:18:05.476>We <00:18:05.477>don't <00:18:05.479>have

00:18:05.480 --> 00:18:08.270 align:start position:0%
<00:18:05.480>and <00:18:05.567>we <00:18:05.655>get <00:18:05.742>that <00:18:05.830>for <00:18:05.917>free. <00:18:06.005>We <00:18:06.092>don't <00:18:06.180>have <00:18:06.267>to <00:18:06.355>update <00:18:06.442>the <00:18:06.530>latent <00:18:06.617>space <00:18:06.705>or <00:18:06.792>like <00:18:06.880>the

00:18:08.270 --> 00:18:08.280 align:start position:0%
<00:18:08.270>to <00:18:08.271>update <00:18:08.272>the <00:18:08.273>latent <00:18:08.275>space <00:18:08.276>or <00:18:08.277>like <00:18:08.279>the

00:18:08.280 --> 00:18:10.350 align:start position:0%
<00:18:08.280>to <00:18:08.435>update <00:18:08.591>the <00:18:08.746>latent <00:18:08.902>space <00:18:09.057>or <00:18:09.213>like <00:18:09.368>the <00:18:09.524>the <00:18:09.680>um

00:18:10.350 --> 00:18:10.360 align:start position:0%
<00:18:10.350>the <00:18:10.359>um

00:18:10.360 --> 00:18:11.510 align:start position:0%
<00:18:10.360>the <00:18:10.877>um <00:18:11.395>the

00:18:11.510 --> 00:18:11.520 align:start position:0%
the

00:18:11.520 --> 00:18:15.870 align:start position:0%
<00:18:11.520>the <00:18:11.695>inherent <00:18:11.870>state <00:18:12.045>of <00:18:12.220>of <00:18:12.395>a <00:18:12.570>state <00:18:12.745>space <00:18:12.920>model

00:18:15.870 --> 00:18:15.880 align:start position:0%
<00:18:15.870>inherent <00:18:15.871>state <00:18:15.872>of <00:18:15.873>of <00:18:15.875>a <00:18:15.876>state <00:18:15.877>space <00:18:15.879>model

00:18:15.880 --> 00:18:17.550 align:start position:0%
<00:18:15.880>inherent <00:18:15.980>state <00:18:16.080>of <00:18:16.180>of <00:18:16.280>a <00:18:16.380>state <00:18:16.480>space <00:18:16.580>model <00:18:16.680>manually <00:18:16.780>and <00:18:16.880>just <00:18:16.980>say, <00:18:17.080>"Oh, <00:18:17.180>what's <00:18:17.280>the

00:18:17.550 --> 00:18:17.560 align:start position:0%
<00:18:17.550>manually <00:18:17.551>and <00:18:17.553>just <00:18:17.554>say, <00:18:17.556>"Oh, <00:18:17.557>what's <00:18:17.559>the

00:18:17.560 --> 00:18:19.870 align:start position:0%
<00:18:17.560>manually <00:18:17.687>and <00:18:17.814>just <00:18:17.941>say, <00:18:18.069>"Oh, <00:18:18.196>what's <00:18:18.323>the <00:18:18.450>state? <00:18:18.578>Let <00:18:18.705>me <00:18:18.832>update <00:18:18.960>it."

00:18:19.870 --> 00:18:19.880 align:start position:0%
<00:18:19.870>state? <00:18:19.872>Let <00:18:19.874>me <00:18:19.876>update <00:18:19.879>it."

00:18:19.880 --> 00:18:22.550 align:start position:0%
<00:18:19.880>state? <00:18:20.020>Let <00:18:20.160>me <00:18:20.300>update <00:18:20.440>it." <00:18:20.580>Because <00:18:20.720>it <00:18:20.860>just <00:18:21.000>runs <00:18:21.140>automatically <00:18:21.280>for

00:18:22.550 --> 00:18:22.560 align:start position:0%
<00:18:22.550>Because <00:18:22.551>it <00:18:22.553>just <00:18:22.555>runs <00:18:22.557>automatically <00:18:22.559>for

00:18:22.560 --> 00:18:25.270 align:start position:0%
<00:18:22.560>Because <00:18:22.715>it <00:18:22.871>just <00:18:23.026>runs <00:18:23.182>automatically <00:18:23.337>for <00:18:23.493>us. <00:18:23.648>It's <00:18:23.804>all <00:18:23.960>physics

00:18:25.270 --> 00:18:25.280 align:start position:0%
<00:18:25.270>us. <00:18:25.273>It's <00:18:25.276>all <00:18:25.279>physics

00:18:25.280 --> 00:18:26.230 align:start position:0%
<00:18:25.280>us. <00:18:25.493>It's <00:18:25.707>all <00:18:25.921>physics <00:18:26.135>um

00:18:26.230 --> 00:18:26.240 align:start position:0%
um

00:18:26.240 --> 00:18:27.870 align:start position:0%
<00:18:26.240>um <00:18:26.395>And <00:18:26.551>so <00:18:26.706>what <00:18:26.862>you <00:18:27.017>can <00:18:27.173>do <00:18:27.328>with <00:18:27.484>that <00:18:27.640>is

00:18:27.870 --> 00:18:27.880 align:start position:0%
<00:18:27.870>And <00:18:27.871>so <00:18:27.872>what <00:18:27.873>you <00:18:27.874>can <00:18:27.875>do <00:18:27.876>with <00:18:27.877>that <00:18:27.879>is

00:18:27.880 --> 00:18:29.710 align:start position:0%
<00:18:27.880>And <00:18:27.996>so <00:18:28.113>what <00:18:28.230>you <00:18:28.346>can <00:18:28.463>do <00:18:28.580>with <00:18:28.696>that <00:18:28.813>is <00:18:28.930>state <00:18:29.046>space <00:18:29.163>models, <00:18:29.280>recurring

00:18:29.710 --> 00:18:29.720 align:start position:0%
<00:18:29.710>state <00:18:29.713>space <00:18:29.716>models, <00:18:29.719>recurring

00:18:29.720 --> 00:18:32.350 align:start position:0%
<00:18:29.720>state <00:18:29.895>space <00:18:30.070>models, <00:18:30.245>recurring <00:18:30.420>architectures, <00:18:30.595>reservoir <00:18:30.770>computing <00:18:30.945>as <00:18:31.120>a

00:18:32.350 --> 00:18:32.360 align:start position:0%
<00:18:32.350>architectures, <00:18:32.352>reservoir <00:18:32.354>computing <00:18:32.356>as <00:18:32.359>a

00:18:32.360 --> 00:18:35.510 align:start position:0%
<00:18:32.360>architectures, <00:18:32.500>reservoir <00:18:32.639>computing <00:18:32.780>as <00:18:32.919>a <00:18:33.060>whole <00:18:33.199>compute <00:18:33.340>paradigm. <00:18:33.479>So <00:18:33.620>that's <00:18:33.760>that's

00:18:35.510 --> 00:18:35.520 align:start position:0%
<00:18:35.510>whole <00:18:35.511>compute <00:18:35.513>paradigm. <00:18:35.515>So <00:18:35.517>that's <00:18:35.519>that's

00:18:35.520 --> 00:18:38.150 align:start position:0%
<00:18:35.520>whole <00:18:35.753>compute <00:18:35.986>paradigm. <00:18:36.220>So <00:18:36.453>that's <00:18:36.686>that's <00:18:36.920>another

00:18:38.150 --> 00:18:38.160 align:start position:0%
another

00:18:38.160 --> 00:18:41.150 align:start position:0%
<00:18:38.160>another <00:18:38.315>way <00:18:38.471>to <00:18:38.626>to <00:18:38.782>get <00:18:38.937>more <00:18:39.093>into <00:18:39.248>this, <00:18:39.404>"Hey, <00:18:39.560>you

00:18:41.150 --> 00:18:41.160 align:start position:0%
<00:18:41.150>way <00:18:41.151>to <00:18:41.152>to <00:18:41.153>get <00:18:41.154>more <00:18:41.155>into <00:18:41.156>this, <00:18:41.157>"Hey, <00:18:41.159>you

00:18:41.160 --> 00:18:43.990 align:start position:0%
<00:18:41.160>way <00:18:41.247>to <00:18:41.335>to <00:18:41.422>get <00:18:41.510>more <00:18:41.597>into <00:18:41.685>this, <00:18:41.772>"Hey, <00:18:41.860>you <00:18:41.947>can <00:18:42.035>do <00:18:42.122>more <00:18:42.210>stuff <00:18:42.297>in <00:18:42.385>the <00:18:42.472>analog <00:18:42.560>domain."

00:18:43.990 --> 00:18:44.000 align:start position:0%
<00:18:43.990>can <00:18:43.991>do <00:18:43.992>more <00:18:43.993>stuff <00:18:43.995>in <00:18:43.996>the <00:18:43.997>analog <00:18:43.999>domain."

00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:45.870 align:start position:0%
<00:18:44.000>can <00:18:44.155>do <00:18:44.311>more <00:18:44.466>stuff <00:18:44.622>in <00:18:44.777>the <00:18:44.933>analog <00:18:45.088>domain." <00:18:45.244>And <00:18:45.400>then

00:18:45.870 --> 00:18:45.880 align:start position:0%
<00:18:45.870>And <00:18:45.879>then

00:18:45.880 --> 00:18:48.230 align:start position:0%
<00:18:45.880>And <00:18:46.113>then <00:18:46.346>uh <00:18:46.580>Kristof <00:18:46.813>mentioned <00:18:47.046>like <00:18:47.280>today

00:18:48.230 --> 00:18:48.240 align:start position:0%
<00:18:48.230>uh <00:18:48.232>Kristof <00:18:48.234>mentioned <00:18:48.236>like <00:18:48.239>today

00:18:48.240 --> 00:18:50.590 align:start position:0%
<00:18:48.240>uh <00:18:48.367>Kristof <00:18:48.494>mentioned <00:18:48.621>like <00:18:48.749>today <00:18:48.876>fiber <00:18:49.003>is <00:18:49.130>used <00:18:49.258>to <00:18:49.385>connect <00:18:49.512>nodes <00:18:49.640>and

00:18:50.590 --> 00:18:50.600 align:start position:0%
<00:18:50.590>fiber <00:18:50.591>is <00:18:50.592>used <00:18:50.594>to <00:18:50.596>connect <00:18:50.597>nodes <00:18:50.599>and

00:18:50.600 --> 00:18:53.070 align:start position:0%
<00:18:50.600>fiber <00:18:50.740>is <00:18:50.879>used <00:18:51.020>to <00:18:51.159>connect <00:18:51.300>nodes <00:18:51.439>and <00:18:51.580>NVLink <00:18:51.719>and <00:18:51.860>and <00:18:52.000>stuff.

00:18:53.070 --> 00:18:53.080 align:start position:0%
<00:18:53.070>NVLink <00:18:53.072>and <00:18:53.076>and <00:18:53.079>stuff.

00:18:53.080 --> 00:18:55.230 align:start position:0%
<00:18:53.080>NVLink <00:18:53.207>and <00:18:53.334>and <00:18:53.461>stuff. <00:18:53.589>We <00:18:53.716>are <00:18:53.843>in <00:18:53.970>the <00:18:54.098>optical <00:18:54.225>domain <00:18:54.352>already, <00:18:54.480>so

00:18:55.230 --> 00:18:55.240 align:start position:0%
<00:18:55.230>We <00:18:55.231>are <00:18:55.232>in <00:18:55.233>the <00:18:55.235>optical <00:18:55.236>domain <00:18:55.237>already, <00:18:55.239>so

00:18:55.240 --> 00:18:57.070 align:start position:0%
<00:18:55.240>We <00:18:55.340>are <00:18:55.440>in <00:18:55.540>the <00:18:55.640>optical <00:18:55.740>domain <00:18:55.840>already, <00:18:55.940>so <00:18:56.040>it's <00:18:56.140>quite <00:18:56.240>obvious <00:18:56.340>like <00:18:56.440>if <00:18:56.540>you <00:18:56.640>can

00:18:57.070 --> 00:18:57.080 align:start position:0%
<00:18:57.070>it's <00:18:57.071>quite <00:18:57.072>obvious <00:18:57.074>like <00:18:57.076>if <00:18:57.077>you <00:18:57.079>can

00:18:57.080 --> 00:18:59.030 align:start position:0%
<00:18:57.080>it's <00:18:57.207>quite <00:18:57.334>obvious <00:18:57.461>like <00:18:57.589>if <00:18:57.716>you <00:18:57.843>can <00:18:57.970>connect <00:18:58.098>these <00:18:58.225>integrated <00:18:58.352>these <00:18:58.480>photonic

00:18:59.030 --> 00:18:59.040 align:start position:0%
<00:18:59.030>connect <00:18:59.032>these <00:18:59.034>integrated <00:18:59.036>these <00:18:59.039>photonic

00:18:59.040 --> 00:19:01.550 align:start position:0%
<00:18:59.040>connect <00:18:59.195>these <00:18:59.351>integrated <00:18:59.506>these <00:18:59.662>photonic <00:18:59.817>integrated <00:18:59.973>circuits <00:19:00.128>to <00:19:00.284>one <00:19:00.440>another

00:19:01.550 --> 00:19:01.560 align:start position:0%
<00:19:01.550>integrated <00:19:01.552>circuits <00:19:01.554>to <00:19:01.556>one <00:19:01.559>another

00:19:01.560 --> 00:19:04.750 align:start position:0%
<00:19:01.560>integrated <00:19:01.676>circuits <00:19:01.793>to <00:19:01.909>one <00:19:02.026>another <00:19:02.143>um <00:19:02.260>like <00:19:02.376>it's <00:19:02.493>it's <00:19:02.610>even <00:19:02.726>easier <00:19:02.843>for <00:19:02.960>us

00:19:04.750 --> 00:19:04.760 align:start position:0%
<00:19:04.750>um <00:19:04.751>like <00:19:04.752>it's <00:19:04.753>it's <00:19:04.755>even <00:19:04.756>easier <00:19:04.757>for <00:19:04.759>us

00:19:04.760 --> 00:19:06.590 align:start position:0%
<00:19:04.760>um <00:19:04.860>like <00:19:04.960>it's <00:19:05.060>it's <00:19:05.160>even <00:19:05.260>easier <00:19:05.360>for <00:19:05.460>us <00:19:05.560>because <00:19:05.660>maybe <00:19:05.760>you <00:19:05.860>need <00:19:05.960>to <00:19:06.060>reinforce <00:19:06.160>the

00:19:06.590 --> 00:19:06.600 align:start position:0%
<00:19:06.590>because <00:19:06.591>maybe <00:19:06.592>you <00:19:06.594>need <00:19:06.596>to <00:19:06.597>reinforce <00:19:06.599>the

00:19:06.600 --> 00:19:09.110 align:start position:0%
<00:19:06.600>because <00:19:06.716>maybe <00:19:06.833>you <00:19:06.949>need <00:19:07.066>to <00:19:07.183>reinforce <00:19:07.300>the <00:19:07.416>optical <00:19:07.533>signal, <00:19:07.649>but <00:19:07.766>we're <00:19:07.883>in <00:19:08.000>optics

00:19:09.110 --> 00:19:09.120 align:start position:0%
<00:19:09.110>optical <00:19:09.111>signal, <00:19:09.113>but <00:19:09.115>we're <00:19:09.117>in <00:19:09.119>optics

00:19:09.120 --> 00:19:10.870 align:start position:0%
<00:19:09.120>optical <00:19:09.320>signal, <00:19:09.520>but <00:19:09.719>we're <00:19:09.919>in <00:19:10.120>optics <00:19:10.320>already, <00:19:10.520>so

00:19:10.870 --> 00:19:10.880 align:start position:0%
<00:19:10.870>already, <00:19:10.879>so

00:19:10.880 --> 00:19:12.670 align:start position:0%
<00:19:10.880>already, <00:19:11.055>so <00:19:11.230>and <00:19:11.405>then <00:19:11.580>this <00:19:11.755>really <00:19:11.930>makes <00:19:12.105>a <00:19:12.280>difference

00:19:12.670 --> 00:19:12.680 align:start position:0%
<00:19:12.670>and <00:19:12.671>then <00:19:12.673>this <00:19:12.674>really <00:19:12.676>makes <00:19:12.677>a <00:19:12.679>difference

00:19:12.680 --> 00:19:14.630 align:start position:0%
<00:19:12.680>and <00:19:12.787>then <00:19:12.895>this <00:19:13.003>really <00:19:13.110>makes <00:19:13.218>a <00:19:13.326>difference <00:19:13.433>because <00:19:13.541>you <00:19:13.649>don't <00:19:13.756>go <00:19:13.864>into <00:19:13.972>the <00:19:14.080>optical

00:19:14.630 --> 00:19:14.640 align:start position:0%
<00:19:14.630>because <00:19:14.631>you <00:19:14.633>don't <00:19:14.634>go <00:19:14.636>into <00:19:14.637>the <00:19:14.639>optical

00:19:14.640 --> 00:19:16.910 align:start position:0%
<00:19:14.640>because <00:19:14.747>you <00:19:14.855>don't <00:19:14.963>go <00:19:15.070>into <00:19:15.178>the <00:19:15.286>optical <00:19:15.393>domain, <00:19:15.501>you <00:19:15.609>do <00:19:15.716>a <00:19:15.824>multiplication, <00:19:15.932>you <00:19:16.040>go

00:19:16.910 --> 00:19:16.920 align:start position:0%
<00:19:16.910>domain, <00:19:16.911>you <00:19:16.913>do <00:19:16.914>a <00:19:16.916>multiplication, <00:19:16.917>you <00:19:16.919>go

00:19:16.920 --> 00:19:19.110 align:start position:0%
<00:19:16.920>domain, <00:19:17.020>you <00:19:17.120>do <00:19:17.220>a <00:19:17.320>multiplication, <00:19:17.420>you <00:19:17.520>go <00:19:17.620>back <00:19:17.720>to <00:19:17.820>your <00:19:17.920>digital <00:19:18.020>world, <00:19:18.120>and <00:19:18.220>then <00:19:18.320>you

00:19:19.110 --> 00:19:19.120 align:start position:0%
<00:19:19.110>back <00:19:19.111>to <00:19:19.112>your <00:19:19.113>digital <00:19:19.115>world, <00:19:19.116>and <00:19:19.117>then <00:19:19.119>you

00:19:19.120 --> 00:19:20.630 align:start position:0%
<00:19:19.120>back <00:19:19.271>to <00:19:19.422>your <00:19:19.572>digital <00:19:19.724>world, <00:19:19.875>and <00:19:20.026>then <00:19:20.177>you <00:19:20.328>go <00:19:20.479>again.

00:19:20.630 --> 00:19:20.640 align:start position:0%
<00:19:20.630>go <00:19:20.639>again.

00:19:20.640 --> 00:19:22.710 align:start position:0%
<00:19:20.640>go <00:19:20.840>again. <00:19:21.040>No, <00:19:21.240>you <00:19:21.440>you <00:19:21.640>can <00:19:21.840>concatenate <00:19:22.040>different

00:19:22.710 --> 00:19:22.720 align:start position:0%
<00:19:22.710>No, <00:19:22.711>you <00:19:22.713>you <00:19:22.715>can <00:19:22.717>concatenate <00:19:22.719>different

00:19:22.720 --> 00:19:25.670 align:start position:0%
<00:19:22.720>No, <00:19:22.847>you <00:19:22.974>you <00:19:23.101>can <00:19:23.229>concatenate <00:19:23.356>different <00:19:23.483>optical <00:19:23.610>operations, <00:19:23.738>and <00:19:23.865>then <00:19:23.992>that <00:19:24.120>that

00:19:25.670 --> 00:19:25.680 align:start position:0%
<00:19:25.670>optical <00:19:25.671>operations, <00:19:25.673>and <00:19:25.675>then <00:19:25.677>that <00:19:25.679>that

00:19:25.680 --> 00:19:27.990 align:start position:0%
<00:19:25.680>optical <00:19:25.796>operations, <00:19:25.913>and <00:19:26.030>then <00:19:26.146>that <00:19:26.263>that <00:19:26.380>sort <00:19:26.496>of <00:19:26.613>explodes. <00:19:26.730>So, <00:19:26.846>with <00:19:26.963>that, <00:19:27.080>what's

00:19:27.990 --> 00:19:28.000 align:start position:0%
<00:19:27.990>sort <00:19:27.991>of <00:19:27.993>explodes. <00:19:27.994>So, <00:19:27.996>with <00:19:27.997>that, <00:19:27.999>what's

00:19:28.000 --> 00:19:29.430 align:start position:0%
<00:19:28.000>sort <00:19:28.183>of <00:19:28.367>explodes. <00:19:28.551>So, <00:19:28.735>with <00:19:28.919>that, <00:19:29.103>what's <00:19:29.287>next?

00:19:29.430 --> 00:19:29.440 align:start position:0%
next?

00:19:29.440 --> 00:19:31.550 align:start position:0%
<00:19:29.440>next? <00:19:30.140>Um <00:19:30.840>actually,

00:19:31.550 --> 00:19:31.560 align:start position:0%
<00:19:31.550>Um <00:19:31.559>actually,

00:19:31.560 --> 00:19:32.710 align:start position:0%
<00:19:31.560>Um <00:19:31.732>actually, <00:19:31.905>we're <00:19:32.077>looking <00:19:32.250>into <00:19:32.422>large <00:19:32.595>language

00:19:32.710 --> 00:19:32.720 align:start position:0%
<00:19:32.710>we're <00:19:32.712>looking <00:19:32.714>into <00:19:32.716>large <00:19:32.719>language

00:19:32.720 --> 00:19:36.110 align:start position:0%
<00:19:32.720>we're <00:19:32.860>looking <00:19:33.000>into <00:19:33.140>large <00:19:33.280>language <00:19:33.420>models. <00:19:33.560>We're <00:19:33.700>looking <00:19:33.840>into <00:19:33.980>world <00:19:34.120>models.

00:19:36.110 --> 00:19:36.120 align:start position:0%
<00:19:36.110>models. <00:19:36.111>We're <00:19:36.113>looking <00:19:36.115>into <00:19:36.117>world <00:19:36.119>models.

00:19:36.120 --> 00:19:38.950 align:start position:0%
<00:19:36.120>models. <00:19:36.227>We're <00:19:36.335>looking <00:19:36.443>into <00:19:36.550>world <00:19:36.658>models. <00:19:36.766>PINs. <00:19:36.873>Also, <00:19:36.981>like <00:19:37.089>been <00:19:37.196>a <00:19:37.304>lot <00:19:37.412>of <00:19:37.520>that

00:19:38.950 --> 00:19:38.960 align:start position:0%
<00:19:38.950>PINs. <00:19:38.951>Also, <00:19:38.952>like <00:19:38.953>been <00:19:38.955>a <00:19:38.956>lot <00:19:38.957>of <00:19:38.959>that

00:19:38.960 --> 00:19:40.950 align:start position:0%
<00:19:38.960>PINs. <00:19:39.067>Also, <00:19:39.175>like <00:19:39.283>been <00:19:39.390>a <00:19:39.498>lot <00:19:39.606>of <00:19:39.713>that <00:19:39.821>benefits <00:19:39.929>from <00:19:40.036>the <00:19:40.144>non-linear <00:19:40.252>nature <00:19:40.360>of

00:19:40.950 --> 00:19:40.960 align:start position:0%
<00:19:40.950>benefits <00:19:40.951>from <00:19:40.953>the <00:19:40.955>non-linear <00:19:40.957>nature <00:19:40.959>of

00:19:40.960 --> 00:19:42.950 align:start position:0%
<00:19:40.960>benefits <00:19:41.087>from <00:19:41.214>the <00:19:41.341>non-linear <00:19:41.469>nature <00:19:41.596>of <00:19:41.723>what <00:19:41.850>what <00:19:41.978>we've <00:19:42.105>seen <00:19:42.232>previously. <00:19:42.360>State

00:19:42.950 --> 00:19:42.960 align:start position:0%
<00:19:42.950>what <00:19:42.951>what <00:19:42.953>we've <00:19:42.955>seen <00:19:42.957>previously. <00:19:42.959>State

00:19:42.960 --> 00:19:45.350 align:start position:0%
<00:19:42.960>what <00:19:43.100>what <00:19:43.240>we've <00:19:43.380>seen <00:19:43.520>previously. <00:19:43.660>State <00:19:43.800>space <00:19:43.940>models, <00:19:44.080>super <00:19:44.220>interesting <00:19:44.360>approach

00:19:45.350 --> 00:19:45.360 align:start position:0%
<00:19:45.350>space <00:19:45.352>models, <00:19:45.354>super <00:19:45.356>interesting <00:19:45.359>approach

00:19:45.360 --> 00:19:46.630 align:start position:0%
<00:19:45.360>space <00:19:45.588>models, <00:19:45.817>super <00:19:46.045>interesting <00:19:46.274>approach <00:19:46.503>for

00:19:46.630 --> 00:19:46.640 align:start position:0%
for

00:19:46.640 --> 00:19:49.670 align:start position:0%
<00:19:46.640>for <00:19:46.840>um <00:19:47.040>for <00:19:47.240>AI. <00:19:47.440>And <00:19:47.640>then <00:19:47.840>also, <00:19:48.040>scientific

00:19:49.670 --> 00:19:49.680 align:start position:0%
<00:19:49.670>um <00:19:49.671>for <00:19:49.673>AI. <00:19:49.674>And <00:19:49.676>then <00:19:49.677>also, <00:19:49.679>scientific

00:19:49.680 --> 00:19:52.870 align:start position:0%
<00:19:49.680>um <00:19:49.796>for <00:19:49.913>AI. <00:19:50.030>And <00:19:50.146>then <00:19:50.263>also, <00:19:50.380>scientific <00:19:50.496>computing <00:19:50.613>is <00:19:50.730>on <00:19:50.846>our <00:19:50.963>radar. <00:19:51.080>Some

00:19:52.870 --> 00:19:52.880 align:start position:0%
<00:19:52.870>computing <00:19:52.871>is <00:19:52.873>on <00:19:52.875>our <00:19:52.877>radar. <00:19:52.879>Some

00:19:52.880 --> 00:19:54.710 align:start position:0%
<00:19:52.880>computing <00:19:53.020>is <00:19:53.160>on <00:19:53.300>our <00:19:53.440>radar. <00:19:53.580>Some <00:19:53.720>some <00:19:53.860>tasks <00:19:54.000>in <00:19:54.140>scientific <00:19:54.280>computing

00:19:54.710 --> 00:19:54.720 align:start position:0%
<00:19:54.710>some <00:19:54.712>tasks <00:19:54.714>in <00:19:54.716>scientific <00:19:54.719>computing

00:19:54.720 --> 00:19:56.750 align:start position:0%
<00:19:54.720>some <00:19:54.836>tasks <00:19:54.953>in <00:19:55.070>scientific <00:19:55.186>computing <00:19:55.303>really <00:19:55.420>fit <00:19:55.536>well <00:19:55.653>to <00:19:55.770>the <00:19:55.886>operations <00:19:56.003>we <00:19:56.120>can

00:19:56.750 --> 00:19:56.760 align:start position:0%
<00:19:56.750>really <00:19:56.751>fit <00:19:56.752>well <00:19:56.753>to <00:19:56.755>the <00:19:56.756>operations <00:19:56.757>we <00:19:56.759>can

00:19:56.760 --> 00:19:58.870 align:start position:0%
<00:19:56.760>really <00:19:56.915>fit <00:19:57.071>well <00:19:57.226>to <00:19:57.382>the <00:19:57.537>operations <00:19:57.693>we <00:19:57.848>can <00:19:58.004>do <00:19:58.160>natively.

00:19:58.870 --> 00:19:58.880 align:start position:0%
<00:19:58.870>do <00:19:58.879>natively.

00:19:58.880 --> 00:19:59.950 align:start position:0%
<00:19:58.880>do <00:19:59.361>natively. <00:19:59.843>So,

00:19:59.950 --> 00:19:59.960 align:start position:0%
So,

00:19:59.960 --> 00:20:02.230 align:start position:0%
<00:19:59.960>So, <00:20:00.160>that's <00:20:00.360>the <00:20:00.560>workload <00:20:00.760>side. <00:20:00.960>Now, <00:20:01.160>how <00:20:01.360>can

00:20:02.230 --> 00:20:02.240 align:start position:0%
<00:20:02.230>that's <00:20:02.231>the <00:20:02.233>workload <00:20:02.234>side. <00:20:02.236>Now, <00:20:02.237>how <00:20:02.239>can

00:20:02.240 --> 00:20:04.350 align:start position:0%
<00:20:02.240>that's <00:20:02.333>the <00:20:02.426>workload <00:20:02.520>side. <00:20:02.613>Now, <00:20:02.706>how <00:20:02.800>can <00:20:02.893>you <00:20:02.986>work <00:20:03.080>with <00:20:03.173>that? <00:20:03.266>How <00:20:03.360>can <00:20:03.453>you <00:20:03.546>use <00:20:03.640>that

00:20:04.350 --> 00:20:04.360 align:start position:0%
<00:20:04.350>you <00:20:04.351>work <00:20:04.352>with <00:20:04.353>that? <00:20:04.354>How <00:20:04.355>can <00:20:04.356>you <00:20:04.357>use <00:20:04.359>that

00:20:04.360 --> 00:20:07.070 align:start position:0%
<00:20:04.360>you <00:20:04.467>work <00:20:04.575>with <00:20:04.683>that? <00:20:04.790>How <00:20:04.898>can <00:20:05.006>you <00:20:05.113>use <00:20:05.221>that <00:20:05.329>in <00:20:05.436>software? <00:20:05.544>That's <00:20:05.652>Kristof <00:20:05.760>again.

00:20:07.070 --> 00:20:07.080 align:start position:0%
<00:20:07.070>in <00:20:07.072>software? <00:20:07.074>That's <00:20:07.076>Kristof <00:20:07.079>again.

00:20:07.080 --> 00:20:07.950 align:start position:0%
<00:20:07.080>in <00:20:07.210>software? <00:20:07.341>That's <00:20:07.471>Kristof <00:20:07.602>again. <00:20:07.732>&gt;&gt; <00:20:07.863>Yes.

00:20:07.950 --> 00:20:07.960 align:start position:0%
<00:20:07.950>&gt;&gt; <00:20:07.959>Yes.

00:20:07.960 --> 00:20:09.070 align:start position:0%
<00:20:07.960>&gt;&gt; <00:20:08.293>Yes. <00:20:08.626>Thank <00:20:08.958>you.

00:20:09.070 --> 00:20:09.080 align:start position:0%
<00:20:09.070>Thank <00:20:09.079>you.

00:20:09.080 --> 00:20:10.030 align:start position:0%
<00:20:09.080>Thank <00:20:09.507>you. <00:20:09.935>Um

00:20:10.030 --> 00:20:10.040 align:start position:0%
Um

00:20:10.040 --> 00:20:11.670 align:start position:0%
<00:20:10.040>Um <00:20:10.240>So, <00:20:10.440>while <00:20:10.639>we're <00:20:10.840>trying <00:20:11.040>to <00:20:11.240>convince <00:20:11.440>you

00:20:11.670 --> 00:20:11.680 align:start position:0%
<00:20:11.670>So, <00:20:11.671>while <00:20:11.673>we're <00:20:11.674>trying <00:20:11.676>to <00:20:11.677>convince <00:20:11.679>you

00:20:11.680 --> 00:20:13.710 align:start position:0%
<00:20:11.680>So, <00:20:11.787>while <00:20:11.895>we're <00:20:12.003>trying <00:20:12.110>to <00:20:12.218>convince <00:20:12.326>you <00:20:12.433>that <00:20:12.541>this <00:20:12.649>is <00:20:12.756>a <00:20:12.864>completely <00:20:12.972>new <00:20:13.080>computing

00:20:13.710 --> 00:20:13.720 align:start position:0%
<00:20:13.710>that <00:20:13.711>this <00:20:13.713>is <00:20:13.714>a <00:20:13.716>completely <00:20:13.717>new <00:20:13.719>computing

00:20:13.720 --> 00:20:16.790 align:start position:0%
<00:20:13.720>that <00:20:13.827>this <00:20:13.935>is <00:20:14.043>a <00:20:14.150>completely <00:20:14.258>new <00:20:14.366>computing <00:20:14.473>paradigm <00:20:14.581>on <00:20:14.689>how <00:20:14.796>this <00:20:14.904>machine <00:20:15.012>works, <00:20:15.120>I

00:20:16.790 --> 00:20:16.800 align:start position:0%
<00:20:16.790>paradigm <00:20:16.791>on <00:20:16.793>how <00:20:16.794>this <00:20:16.796>machine <00:20:16.797>works, <00:20:16.799>I

00:20:16.800 --> 00:20:18.390 align:start position:0%
<00:20:16.800>paradigm <00:20:16.899>on <00:20:17.000>how <00:20:17.100>this <00:20:17.200>machine <00:20:17.300>works, <00:20:17.399>I <00:20:17.500>will <00:20:17.600>now <00:20:17.700>try <00:20:17.800>to <00:20:17.899>convince <00:20:18.000>you <00:20:18.100>that <00:20:18.200>the

00:20:18.390 --> 00:20:18.400 align:start position:0%
<00:20:18.390>will <00:20:18.391>now <00:20:18.392>try <00:20:18.393>to <00:20:18.395>convince <00:20:18.396>you <00:20:18.397>that <00:20:18.399>the

00:20:18.400 --> 00:20:20.110 align:start position:0%
<00:20:18.400>will <00:20:18.516>now <00:20:18.633>try <00:20:18.750>to <00:20:18.866>convince <00:20:18.983>you <00:20:19.100>that <00:20:19.216>the <00:20:19.333>way <00:20:19.450>you <00:20:19.566>work <00:20:19.683>with <00:20:19.800>it

00:20:20.110 --> 00:20:20.120 align:start position:0%
<00:20:20.110>way <00:20:20.112>you <00:20:20.114>work <00:20:20.116>with <00:20:20.119>it

00:20:20.120 --> 00:20:22.710 align:start position:0%
<00:20:20.120>way <00:20:20.236>you <00:20:20.353>work <00:20:20.469>with <00:20:20.586>it <00:20:20.703>is <00:20:20.820>completely <00:20:20.936>as <00:20:21.053>you're <00:20:21.169>used <00:20:21.286>to. <00:20:21.403>So, <00:20:21.520>I

00:20:22.710 --> 00:20:22.720 align:start position:0%
<00:20:22.710>is <00:20:22.711>completely <00:20:22.712>as <00:20:22.713>you're <00:20:22.715>used <00:20:22.716>to. <00:20:22.717>So, <00:20:22.719>I

00:20:22.720 --> 00:20:24.070 align:start position:0%
<00:20:22.720>is <00:20:22.806>completely <00:20:22.893>as <00:20:22.980>you're <00:20:23.067>used <00:20:23.153>to. <00:20:23.240>So, <00:20:23.327>I <00:20:23.414>will <00:20:23.501>walk <00:20:23.587>you <00:20:23.674>through <00:20:23.761>our <00:20:23.848>software <00:20:23.935>stack

00:20:24.070 --> 00:20:24.080 align:start position:0%
<00:20:24.070>will <00:20:24.071>walk <00:20:24.072>you <00:20:24.074>through <00:20:24.076>our <00:20:24.077>software <00:20:24.079>stack

00:20:24.080 --> 00:20:26.390 align:start position:0%
<00:20:24.080>will <00:20:24.173>walk <00:20:24.266>you <00:20:24.360>through <00:20:24.453>our <00:20:24.546>software <00:20:24.639>stack <00:20:24.733>and <00:20:24.826>show <00:20:24.919>you <00:20:25.013>where <00:20:25.106>you <00:20:25.199>would <00:20:25.293>come <00:20:25.386>in <00:20:25.480>to

00:20:26.390 --> 00:20:26.400 align:start position:0%
<00:20:26.390>and <00:20:26.391>show <00:20:26.392>you <00:20:26.393>where <00:20:26.394>you <00:20:26.395>would <00:20:26.396>come <00:20:26.397>in <00:20:26.399>to

00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:28.430 align:start position:0%
<00:20:26.400>and <00:20:26.507>show <00:20:26.615>you <00:20:26.723>where <00:20:26.830>you <00:20:26.938>would <00:20:27.046>come <00:20:27.153>in <00:20:27.261>to <00:20:27.369>develop <00:20:27.476>your <00:20:27.584>applications <00:20:27.692>based <00:20:27.800>on

00:20:28.430 --> 00:20:28.440 align:start position:0%
<00:20:28.430>develop <00:20:28.432>your <00:20:28.434>applications <00:20:28.436>based <00:20:28.439>on

00:20:28.440 --> 00:20:29.990 align:start position:0%
<00:20:28.440>develop <00:20:28.672>your <00:20:28.905>applications <00:20:29.137>based <00:20:29.370>on <00:20:29.602>photonic <00:20:29.835>computing.

00:20:29.990 --> 00:20:30.000 align:start position:0%
<00:20:29.990>photonic <00:20:29.999>computing.

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:31.870 align:start position:0%
<00:20:30.000>photonic <00:20:30.155>computing. <00:20:30.311>So, <00:20:30.466>the <00:20:30.622>lowest <00:20:30.777>level <00:20:30.933>would <00:20:31.088>just <00:20:31.244>be <00:20:31.400>your

00:20:31.870 --> 00:20:31.880 align:start position:0%
<00:20:31.870>So, <00:20:31.871>the <00:20:31.872>lowest <00:20:31.873>level <00:20:31.875>would <00:20:31.876>just <00:20:31.877>be <00:20:31.879>your

00:20:31.880 --> 00:20:34.350 align:start position:0%
<00:20:31.880>So, <00:20:31.996>the <00:20:32.113>lowest <00:20:32.230>level <00:20:32.346>would <00:20:32.463>just <00:20:32.580>be <00:20:32.696>your <00:20:32.813>standard <00:20:32.930>driver, <00:20:33.046>which <00:20:33.163>handles <00:20:33.280>the

00:20:34.350 --> 00:20:34.360 align:start position:0%
<00:20:34.350>standard <00:20:34.352>driver, <00:20:34.354>which <00:20:34.356>handles <00:20:34.359>the

00:20:34.360 --> 00:20:36.670 align:start position:0%
<00:20:34.360>standard <00:20:34.500>driver, <00:20:34.639>which <00:20:34.780>handles <00:20:34.919>the <00:20:35.060>interfacing <00:20:35.199>to <00:20:35.340>the <00:20:35.479>device <00:20:35.620>and <00:20:35.760>device

00:20:36.670 --> 00:20:36.680 align:start position:0%
<00:20:36.670>interfacing <00:20:36.671>to <00:20:36.673>the <00:20:36.675>device <00:20:36.677>and <00:20:36.679>device

00:20:36.680 --> 00:20:38.550 align:start position:0%
<00:20:36.680>interfacing <00:20:36.820>to <00:20:36.960>the <00:20:37.100>device <00:20:37.240>and <00:20:37.380>device <00:20:37.520>maintenance, <00:20:37.660>talking <00:20:37.800>to <00:20:37.940>the <00:20:38.080>firmware,

00:20:38.550 --> 00:20:38.560 align:start position:0%
<00:20:38.550>maintenance, <00:20:38.552>talking <00:20:38.554>to <00:20:38.556>the <00:20:38.559>firmware,

00:20:38.560 --> 00:20:39.750 align:start position:0%
<00:20:38.560>maintenance, <00:20:38.738>talking <00:20:38.917>to <00:20:39.095>the <00:20:39.274>firmware, <00:20:39.452>what <00:20:39.631>not.

00:20:39.750 --> 00:20:39.760 align:start position:0%
<00:20:39.750>what <00:20:39.759>not.

00:20:39.760 --> 00:20:41.510 align:start position:0%
<00:20:39.760>what <00:20:39.960>not. <00:20:40.160>Um <00:20:40.360>and <00:20:40.560>exposing <00:20:40.760>just <00:20:40.960>the <00:20:41.160>basic

00:20:41.510 --> 00:20:41.520 align:start position:0%
<00:20:41.510>Um <00:20:41.511>and <00:20:41.513>exposing <00:20:41.515>just <00:20:41.517>the <00:20:41.519>basic

00:20:41.520 --> 00:20:43.110 align:start position:0%
<00:20:41.520>Um <00:20:41.660>and <00:20:41.800>exposing <00:20:41.940>just <00:20:42.080>the <00:20:42.220>basic <00:20:42.360>capabilities, <00:20:42.500>which <00:20:42.639>for <00:20:42.780>the <00:20:42.920>first

00:20:43.110 --> 00:20:43.120 align:start position:0%
<00:20:43.110>capabilities, <00:20:43.112>which <00:20:43.114>for <00:20:43.116>the <00:20:43.119>first

00:20:43.120 --> 00:20:44.910 align:start position:0%
<00:20:43.120>capabilities, <00:20:43.247>which <00:20:43.374>for <00:20:43.501>the <00:20:43.629>first <00:20:43.756>generation <00:20:43.883>that <00:20:44.010>we <00:20:44.138>have <00:20:44.265>out <00:20:44.392>there <00:20:44.520>would

00:20:44.910 --> 00:20:44.920 align:start position:0%
<00:20:44.910>generation <00:20:44.911>that <00:20:44.913>we <00:20:44.914>have <00:20:44.916>out <00:20:44.917>there <00:20:44.919>would

00:20:44.920 --> 00:20:46.510 align:start position:0%
<00:20:44.920>generation <00:20:45.075>that <00:20:45.231>we <00:20:45.386>have <00:20:45.542>out <00:20:45.697>there <00:20:45.853>would <00:20:46.008>be <00:20:46.164>element-wise <00:20:46.320>multiplication,

00:20:46.510 --> 00:20:46.520 align:start position:0%
<00:20:46.510>be <00:20:46.514>element-wise <00:20:46.519>multiplication,

00:20:46.520 --> 00:20:48.750 align:start position:0%
<00:20:46.520>be <00:20:46.753>element-wise <00:20:46.986>multiplication, <00:20:47.220>matrix-matrix <00:20:47.453>multiplication, <00:20:47.686>and <00:20:47.920>the

00:20:48.750 --> 00:20:48.760 align:start position:0%
<00:20:48.750>matrix-matrix <00:20:48.753>multiplication, <00:20:48.756>and <00:20:48.759>the

00:20:48.760 --> 00:20:51.510 align:start position:0%
<00:20:48.760>matrix-matrix <00:20:48.993>multiplication, <00:20:49.226>and <00:20:49.460>the <00:20:49.693>mentioned <00:20:49.926>weighted <00:20:50.160>cosine.

00:20:51.510 --> 00:20:51.520 align:start position:0%
<00:20:51.510>mentioned <00:20:51.514>weighted <00:20:51.519>cosine.

00:20:51.520 --> 00:20:53.710 align:start position:0%
<00:20:51.520>mentioned <00:20:51.675>weighted <00:20:51.831>cosine. <00:20:51.986>The <00:20:52.142>next <00:20:52.297>layer <00:20:52.453>would <00:20:52.608>be <00:20:52.764>Kvant <00:20:52.920>photonic

00:20:53.710 --> 00:20:53.720 align:start position:0%
<00:20:53.710>The <00:20:53.711>next <00:20:53.713>layer <00:20:53.714>would <00:20:53.716>be <00:20:53.717>Kvant <00:20:53.719>photonic

00:20:53.720 --> 00:20:55.910 align:start position:0%
<00:20:53.720>The <00:20:53.860>next <00:20:54.000>layer <00:20:54.140>would <00:20:54.280>be <00:20:54.420>Kvant <00:20:54.560>photonic <00:20:54.700>algorithm <00:20:54.840>library, <00:20:54.980>which <00:20:55.120>is

00:20:55.910 --> 00:20:55.920 align:start position:0%
<00:20:55.910>algorithm <00:20:55.913>library, <00:20:55.916>which <00:20:55.919>is

00:20:55.920 --> 00:20:57.790 align:start position:0%
<00:20:55.920>algorithm <00:20:56.075>library, <00:20:56.231>which <00:20:56.386>is <00:20:56.542>the <00:20:56.697>official <00:20:56.853>API <00:20:57.008>for <00:20:57.164>our <00:20:57.320>native

00:20:57.790 --> 00:20:57.800 align:start position:0%
<00:20:57.790>the <00:20:57.791>official <00:20:57.793>API <00:20:57.795>for <00:20:57.797>our <00:20:57.799>native

00:20:57.800 --> 00:20:59.510 align:start position:0%
<00:20:57.800>the <00:20:57.916>official <00:20:58.033>API <00:20:58.149>for <00:20:58.266>our <00:20:58.383>native <00:20:58.500>functions. <00:20:58.616>So, <00:20:58.733>this <00:20:58.850>is <00:20:58.966>what <00:20:59.083>you <00:20:59.200>would

00:20:59.510 --> 00:20:59.520 align:start position:0%
<00:20:59.510>functions. <00:20:59.511>So, <00:20:59.513>this <00:20:59.514>is <00:20:59.516>what <00:20:59.517>you <00:20:59.519>would

00:20:59.520 --> 00:21:01.190 align:start position:0%
<00:20:59.520>functions. <00:20:59.660>So, <00:20:59.800>this <00:20:59.940>is <00:21:00.080>what <00:21:00.220>you <00:21:00.360>would <00:21:00.500>build <00:21:00.639>your <00:21:00.780>application <00:21:00.920>on.

00:21:01.190 --> 00:21:01.200 align:start position:0%
<00:21:01.190>build <00:21:01.193>your <00:21:01.196>application <00:21:01.199>on.

00:21:01.200 --> 00:21:03.070 align:start position:0%
<00:21:01.200>build <00:21:01.327>your <00:21:01.454>application <00:21:01.581>on. <00:21:01.709>Uh <00:21:01.836>it <00:21:01.963>has <00:21:02.090>a <00:21:02.218>C, <00:21:02.345>Rust, <00:21:02.472>and <00:21:02.600>Python

00:21:03.070 --> 00:21:03.080 align:start position:0%
<00:21:03.070>Uh <00:21:03.071>it <00:21:03.072>has <00:21:03.073>a <00:21:03.075>C, <00:21:03.076>Rust, <00:21:03.077>and <00:21:03.079>Python

00:21:03.080 --> 00:21:06.430 align:start position:0%
<00:21:03.080>Uh <00:21:03.187>it <00:21:03.295>has <00:21:03.403>a <00:21:03.510>C, <00:21:03.618>Rust, <00:21:03.726>and <00:21:03.833>Python <00:21:03.941>interface. <00:21:04.049>We're <00:21:04.156>using <00:21:04.264>Brainfloat <00:21:04.372>16 <00:21:04.480>for

00:21:06.430 --> 00:21:06.440 align:start position:0%
<00:21:06.430>interface. <00:21:06.431>We're <00:21:06.433>using <00:21:06.435>Brainfloat <00:21:06.437>16 <00:21:06.439>for

00:21:06.440 --> 00:21:09.310 align:start position:0%
<00:21:06.440>interface. <00:21:06.580>We're <00:21:06.720>using <00:21:06.860>Brainfloat <00:21:07.000>16 <00:21:07.140>for <00:21:07.280>all <00:21:07.420>of <00:21:07.560>our <00:21:07.700>interfaces <00:21:07.840>and

00:21:09.310 --> 00:21:09.320 align:start position:0%
<00:21:09.310>all <00:21:09.312>of <00:21:09.314>our <00:21:09.316>interfaces <00:21:09.319>and

00:21:09.320 --> 00:21:11.270 align:start position:0%
<00:21:09.320>all <00:21:09.475>of <00:21:09.631>our <00:21:09.786>interfaces <00:21:09.942>and <00:21:10.097>besides <00:21:10.253>offering <00:21:10.408>the <00:21:10.564>official <00:21:10.720>interface

00:21:11.270 --> 00:21:11.280 align:start position:0%
<00:21:11.270>besides <00:21:11.272>offering <00:21:11.274>the <00:21:11.276>official <00:21:11.279>interface

00:21:11.280 --> 00:21:13.110 align:start position:0%
<00:21:11.280>besides <00:21:11.420>offering <00:21:11.560>the <00:21:11.700>official <00:21:11.840>interface <00:21:11.980>for <00:21:12.120>the <00:21:12.260>native <00:21:12.399>functions, <00:21:12.540>the <00:21:12.680>Quantum

00:21:13.110 --> 00:21:13.120 align:start position:0%
<00:21:13.110>for <00:21:13.111>the <00:21:13.113>native <00:21:13.115>functions, <00:21:13.117>the <00:21:13.119>Quantum

00:21:13.120 --> 00:21:15.430 align:start position:0%
<00:21:13.120>for <00:21:13.260>the <00:21:13.399>native <00:21:13.540>functions, <00:21:13.679>the <00:21:13.820>Quantum <00:21:13.959>Photonic <00:21:14.100>library <00:21:14.239>offers <00:21:14.379>some <00:21:14.520>non-native

00:21:15.430 --> 00:21:15.440 align:start position:0%
<00:21:15.430>Photonic <00:21:15.432>library <00:21:15.434>offers <00:21:15.436>some <00:21:15.439>non-native

00:21:15.440 --> 00:21:17.070 align:start position:0%
<00:21:15.440>Photonic <00:21:15.615>library <00:21:15.790>offers <00:21:15.965>some <00:21:16.140>non-native <00:21:16.315>functions, <00:21:16.490>for <00:21:16.665>example, <00:21:16.840>additions

00:21:17.070 --> 00:21:17.080 align:start position:0%
<00:21:17.070>functions, <00:21:17.072>for <00:21:17.076>example, <00:21:17.079>additions

00:21:17.080 --> 00:21:19.790 align:start position:0%
<00:21:17.080>functions, <00:21:17.235>for <00:21:17.391>example, <00:21:17.546>additions <00:21:17.702>because <00:21:17.857>that's <00:21:18.013>digitally <00:21:18.168>so <00:21:18.324>cheap, <00:21:18.480>it's

00:21:19.790 --> 00:21:19.800 align:start position:0%
<00:21:19.790>because <00:21:19.791>that's <00:21:19.793>digitally <00:21:19.795>so <00:21:19.797>cheap, <00:21:19.799>it's

00:21:19.800 --> 00:21:21.870 align:start position:0%
<00:21:19.800>because <00:21:19.907>that's <00:21:20.015>digitally <00:21:20.123>so <00:21:20.230>cheap, <00:21:20.338>it's <00:21:20.446>just <00:21:20.553>not <00:21:20.661>worth <00:21:20.769>to <00:21:20.876>go <00:21:20.984>to <00:21:21.092>the <00:21:21.200>analog

00:21:21.870 --> 00:21:21.880 align:start position:0%
<00:21:21.870>just <00:21:21.871>not <00:21:21.872>worth <00:21:21.873>to <00:21:21.875>go <00:21:21.876>to <00:21:21.877>the <00:21:21.879>analog

00:21:21.880 --> 00:21:23.230 align:start position:0%
<00:21:21.880>just <00:21:21.961>not <00:21:22.042>worth <00:21:22.123>to <00:21:22.204>go <00:21:22.285>to <00:21:22.366>the <00:21:22.447>analog <00:21:22.528>domain <00:21:22.609>or <00:21:22.690>the <00:21:22.771>optical <00:21:22.852>domain <00:21:22.933>to <00:21:23.014>do <00:21:23.095>an

00:21:23.230 --> 00:21:23.240 align:start position:0%
<00:21:23.230>domain <00:21:23.231>or <00:21:23.232>the <00:21:23.233>optical <00:21:23.235>domain <00:21:23.236>to <00:21:23.237>do <00:21:23.239>an

00:21:23.240 --> 00:21:24.310 align:start position:0%
<00:21:23.240>domain <00:21:23.360>or <00:21:23.480>the <00:21:23.601>optical <00:21:23.721>domain <00:21:23.841>to <00:21:23.962>do <00:21:24.082>an <00:21:24.203>addition.

00:21:24.310 --> 00:21:24.320 align:start position:0%
addition.

00:21:24.320 --> 00:21:26.310 align:start position:0%
<00:21:24.320>addition. <00:21:24.495>Um <00:21:24.669>or <00:21:24.845>some <00:21:25.020>quality <00:21:25.195>of <00:21:25.370>life <00:21:25.544>for <00:21:25.720>the

00:21:26.310 --> 00:21:26.320 align:start position:0%
<00:21:26.310>Um <00:21:26.311>or <00:21:26.312>some <00:21:26.313>quality <00:21:26.315>of <00:21:26.316>life <00:21:26.317>for <00:21:26.319>the

00:21:26.320 --> 00:21:27.830 align:start position:0%
<00:21:26.320>Um <00:21:26.424>or <00:21:26.529>some <00:21:26.633>quality <00:21:26.738>of <00:21:26.842>life <00:21:26.947>for <00:21:27.051>the <00:21:27.156>native <00:21:27.260>functions, <00:21:27.365>for <00:21:27.469>example, <00:21:27.574>if <00:21:27.678>you

00:21:27.830 --> 00:21:27.840 align:start position:0%
<00:21:27.830>native <00:21:27.831>functions, <00:21:27.833>for <00:21:27.835>example, <00:21:27.837>if <00:21:27.839>you

00:21:27.840 --> 00:21:29.710 align:start position:0%
<00:21:27.840>native <00:21:28.014>functions, <00:21:28.189>for <00:21:28.365>example, <00:21:28.540>if <00:21:28.715>you <00:21:28.889>have <00:21:29.064>a <00:21:29.240>convolution,

00:21:29.710 --> 00:21:29.720 align:start position:0%
<00:21:29.710>have <00:21:29.714>a <00:21:29.719>convolution,

00:21:29.720 --> 00:21:31.550 align:start position:0%
<00:21:29.720>have <00:21:29.895>a <00:21:30.070>convolution, <00:21:30.245>um <00:21:30.420>that's <00:21:30.595>basically <00:21:30.770>a <00:21:30.945>matrix <00:21:31.120>matrix

00:21:31.550 --> 00:21:31.560 align:start position:0%
<00:21:31.550>um <00:21:31.551>that's <00:21:31.553>basically <00:21:31.555>a <00:21:31.557>matrix <00:21:31.559>matrix

00:21:31.560 --> 00:21:33.990 align:start position:0%
<00:21:31.560>um <00:21:31.676>that's <00:21:31.793>basically <00:21:31.909>a <00:21:32.026>matrix <00:21:32.143>matrix <00:21:32.260>product, <00:21:32.376>um <00:21:32.493>just <00:21:32.610>written <00:21:32.726>in <00:21:32.843>a <00:21:32.960>different

00:21:33.990 --> 00:21:34.000 align:start position:0%
<00:21:33.990>product, <00:21:33.991>um <00:21:33.993>just <00:21:33.994>written <00:21:33.996>in <00:21:33.997>a <00:21:33.999>different

00:21:34.000 --> 00:21:37.590 align:start position:0%
<00:21:34.000>product, <00:21:34.116>um <00:21:34.233>just <00:21:34.350>written <00:21:34.466>in <00:21:34.583>a <00:21:34.700>different <00:21:34.816>way, <00:21:34.933>so <00:21:35.050>the <00:21:35.166>Photonic <00:21:35.283>algorithm <00:21:35.400>library

00:21:37.590 --> 00:21:37.600 align:start position:0%
<00:21:37.590>way, <00:21:37.591>so <00:21:37.593>the <00:21:37.595>Photonic <00:21:37.597>algorithm <00:21:37.599>library

00:21:37.600 --> 00:21:39.950 align:start position:0%
<00:21:37.600>way, <00:21:37.740>so <00:21:37.879>the <00:21:38.020>Photonic <00:21:38.159>algorithm <00:21:38.300>library <00:21:38.439>would <00:21:38.580>convert <00:21:38.719>this <00:21:38.860>for <00:21:39.000>you.

00:21:39.950 --> 00:21:39.960 align:start position:0%
<00:21:39.950>would <00:21:39.952>convert <00:21:39.954>this <00:21:39.956>for <00:21:39.959>you.

00:21:39.960 --> 00:21:41.350 align:start position:0%
<00:21:39.960>would <00:21:40.085>convert <00:21:40.210>this <00:21:40.335>for <00:21:40.460>you. <00:21:40.585>The <00:21:40.710>next <00:21:40.835>level <00:21:40.960>of <00:21:41.085>having <00:21:41.211>an

00:21:41.350 --> 00:21:41.360 align:start position:0%
<00:21:41.350>The <00:21:41.351>next <00:21:41.353>level <00:21:41.355>of <00:21:41.357>having <00:21:41.359>an

00:21:41.360 --> 00:21:43.910 align:start position:0%
<00:21:41.360>The <00:21:41.515>next <00:21:41.671>level <00:21:41.826>of <00:21:41.982>having <00:21:42.137>an <00:21:42.293>out-of-the-box <00:21:42.448>experience <00:21:42.604>is <00:21:42.760>integration

00:21:43.910 --> 00:21:43.920 align:start position:0%
<00:21:43.910>out-of-the-box <00:21:43.913>experience <00:21:43.916>is <00:21:43.919>integration

00:21:43.920 --> 00:21:46.510 align:start position:0%
<00:21:43.920>out-of-the-box <00:21:44.075>experience <00:21:44.231>is <00:21:44.386>integration <00:21:44.542>in <00:21:44.697>your <00:21:44.853>favorite <00:21:45.008>libraries <00:21:45.164>in <00:21:45.320>Finworks.

00:21:46.510 --> 00:21:46.520 align:start position:0%
<00:21:46.510>in <00:21:46.511>your <00:21:46.513>favorite <00:21:46.515>libraries <00:21:46.517>in <00:21:46.519>Finworks.

00:21:46.520 --> 00:21:48.870 align:start position:0%
<00:21:46.520>in <00:21:46.627>your <00:21:46.735>favorite <00:21:46.843>libraries <00:21:46.950>in <00:21:47.058>Finworks. <00:21:47.166>So, <00:21:47.273>for <00:21:47.381>the <00:21:47.489>moment, <00:21:47.596>we <00:21:47.704>have <00:21:47.812>PyTorch <00:21:47.920>as

00:21:48.870 --> 00:21:48.880 align:start position:0%
<00:21:48.870>So, <00:21:48.871>for <00:21:48.872>the <00:21:48.873>moment, <00:21:48.875>we <00:21:48.876>have <00:21:48.877>PyTorch <00:21:48.879>as

00:21:48.880 --> 00:21:50.310 align:start position:0%
<00:21:48.880>So, <00:21:49.008>for <00:21:49.137>the <00:21:49.266>moment, <00:21:49.394>we <00:21:49.523>have <00:21:49.652>PyTorch <00:21:49.780>as <00:21:49.909>our <00:21:50.038>main <00:21:50.167>target,

00:21:50.310 --> 00:21:50.320 align:start position:0%
<00:21:50.310>our <00:21:50.314>main <00:21:50.319>target,

00:21:50.320 --> 00:21:53.270 align:start position:0%
<00:21:50.320>our <00:21:50.460>main <00:21:50.600>target, <00:21:50.740>um <00:21:50.879>but <00:21:51.020>you <00:21:51.159>can <00:21:51.300>look <00:21:51.439>forward <00:21:51.580>to <00:21:51.720>getting

00:21:53.270 --> 00:21:53.280 align:start position:0%
<00:21:53.270>um <00:21:53.271>but <00:21:53.272>you <00:21:53.273>can <00:21:53.275>look <00:21:53.276>forward <00:21:53.277>to <00:21:53.279>getting

00:21:53.280 --> 00:21:54.870 align:start position:0%
<00:21:53.280>um <00:21:53.387>but <00:21:53.495>you <00:21:53.603>can <00:21:53.710>look <00:21:53.818>forward <00:21:53.926>to <00:21:54.033>getting <00:21:54.141>the <00:21:54.249>integration <00:21:54.356>into <00:21:54.464>Open <00:21:54.572>BLAST, <00:21:54.680>checks,

00:21:54.870 --> 00:21:54.880 align:start position:0%
<00:21:54.870>the <00:21:54.871>integration <00:21:54.873>into <00:21:54.875>Open <00:21:54.877>BLAST, <00:21:54.879>checks,

00:21:54.880 --> 00:21:57.630 align:start position:0%
<00:21:54.880>the <00:21:54.980>integration <00:21:55.080>into <00:21:55.180>Open <00:21:55.280>BLAST, <00:21:55.380>checks, <00:21:55.480>V <00:21:55.580>LLM, <00:21:55.680>you <00:21:55.780>have <00:21:55.880>it, <00:21:55.980>so <00:21:56.080>that <00:21:56.180>you <00:21:56.280>don't

00:21:57.630 --> 00:21:57.640 align:start position:0%
<00:21:57.630>V <00:21:57.631>LLM, <00:21:57.632>you <00:21:57.633>have <00:21:57.634>it, <00:21:57.635>so <00:21:57.636>that <00:21:57.637>you <00:21:57.639>don't

00:21:57.640 --> 00:21:59.670 align:start position:0%
<00:21:57.640>V <00:21:57.727>LLM, <00:21:57.815>you <00:21:57.902>have <00:21:57.990>it, <00:21:58.077>so <00:21:58.165>that <00:21:58.252>you <00:21:58.340>don't <00:21:58.427>have <00:21:58.515>to <00:21:58.602>rewrite <00:21:58.690>your <00:21:58.777>code, <00:21:58.865>you <00:21:58.952>just <00:21:59.040>hop

00:21:59.670 --> 00:21:59.680 align:start position:0%
<00:21:59.670>have <00:21:59.671>to <00:21:59.672>rewrite <00:21:59.673>your <00:21:59.675>code, <00:21:59.676>you <00:21:59.677>just <00:21:59.679>hop

00:21:59.680 --> 00:22:01.070 align:start position:0%
<00:21:59.680>have <00:21:59.763>to <00:21:59.846>rewrite <00:21:59.930>your <00:22:00.013>code, <00:22:00.097>you <00:22:00.180>just <00:22:00.263>hop <00:22:00.347>on <00:22:00.430>the <00:22:00.514>new <00:22:00.597>hardware <00:22:00.680>and <00:22:00.764>you <00:22:00.847>run <00:22:00.931>your

00:22:01.070 --> 00:22:01.080 align:start position:0%
<00:22:01.070>on <00:22:01.071>the <00:22:01.072>new <00:22:01.073>hardware <00:22:01.075>and <00:22:01.076>you <00:22:01.077>run <00:22:01.079>your

00:22:01.080 --> 00:22:02.830 align:start position:0%
<00:22:01.080>on <00:22:01.235>the <00:22:01.391>new <00:22:01.546>hardware <00:22:01.702>and <00:22:01.857>you <00:22:02.013>run <00:22:02.168>your <00:22:02.324>existing <00:22:02.480>stack.

00:22:02.830 --> 00:22:02.840 align:start position:0%
<00:22:02.830>existing <00:22:02.839>stack.

00:22:02.840 --> 00:22:05.030 align:start position:0%
<00:22:02.840>existing <00:22:03.040>stack. <00:22:03.240>Of <00:22:03.439>course, <00:22:03.639>the <00:22:03.840>translation <00:22:04.040>between <00:22:04.240>your

00:22:05.030 --> 00:22:05.040 align:start position:0%
<00:22:05.030>Of <00:22:05.031>course, <00:22:05.033>the <00:22:05.035>translation <00:22:05.037>between <00:22:05.039>your

00:22:05.040 --> 00:22:07.910 align:start position:0%
<00:22:05.040>Of <00:22:05.156>course, <00:22:05.273>the <00:22:05.389>translation <00:22:05.506>between <00:22:05.623>your <00:22:05.740>PyTorch <00:22:05.856>code <00:22:05.973>and <00:22:06.090>the <00:22:06.206>network <00:22:06.323>that <00:22:06.440>runs

00:22:07.910 --> 00:22:07.920 align:start position:0%
<00:22:07.910>PyTorch <00:22:07.911>code <00:22:07.913>and <00:22:07.914>the <00:22:07.916>network <00:22:07.917>that <00:22:07.919>runs

00:22:07.920 --> 00:22:09.630 align:start position:0%
<00:22:07.920>PyTorch <00:22:08.027>code <00:22:08.135>and <00:22:08.243>the <00:22:08.350>network <00:22:08.458>that <00:22:08.566>runs <00:22:08.673>on <00:22:08.781>the <00:22:08.889>actual <00:22:08.996>card, <00:22:09.104>you <00:22:09.212>shouldn't <00:22:09.320>do

00:22:09.630 --> 00:22:09.640 align:start position:0%
<00:22:09.630>on <00:22:09.631>the <00:22:09.633>actual <00:22:09.634>card, <00:22:09.636>you <00:22:09.637>shouldn't <00:22:09.639>do

00:22:09.640 --> 00:22:10.790 align:start position:0%
<00:22:09.640>on <00:22:09.787>the <00:22:09.935>actual <00:22:10.083>card, <00:22:10.231>you <00:22:10.379>shouldn't <00:22:10.527>do <00:22:10.675>manually.

00:22:10.790 --> 00:22:10.800 align:start position:0%
manually.

00:22:10.800 --> 00:22:12.550 align:start position:0%
<00:22:10.800>manually. <00:22:11.000>Um <00:22:11.200>you <00:22:11.399>should <00:22:11.600>optimize <00:22:11.800>this <00:22:12.000>with <00:22:12.200>a

00:22:12.550 --> 00:22:12.560 align:start position:0%
<00:22:12.550>Um <00:22:12.551>you <00:22:12.553>should <00:22:12.554>optimize <00:22:12.556>this <00:22:12.557>with <00:22:12.559>a

00:22:12.560 --> 00:22:14.750 align:start position:0%
<00:22:12.560>Um <00:22:12.687>you <00:22:12.814>should <00:22:12.941>optimize <00:22:13.069>this <00:22:13.196>with <00:22:13.323>a <00:22:13.450>compiler <00:22:13.578>as <00:22:13.705>was <00:22:13.832>talked <00:22:13.960>about.

00:22:14.750 --> 00:22:14.760 align:start position:0%
<00:22:14.750>compiler <00:22:14.752>as <00:22:14.754>was <00:22:14.756>talked <00:22:14.759>about.

00:22:14.760 --> 00:22:16.990 align:start position:0%
<00:22:14.760>compiler <00:22:14.900>as <00:22:15.040>was <00:22:15.180>talked <00:22:15.320>about. <00:22:15.460>We're <00:22:15.600>building <00:22:15.740>on <00:22:15.879>MLIR <00:22:16.020>here <00:22:16.160>to

00:22:16.990 --> 00:22:17.000 align:start position:0%
<00:22:16.990>We're <00:22:16.991>building <00:22:16.993>on <00:22:16.995>MLIR <00:22:16.997>here <00:22:16.999>to

00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:19.910 align:start position:0%
<00:22:17.000>We're <00:22:17.140>building <00:22:17.280>on <00:22:17.420>MLIR <00:22:17.560>here <00:22:17.700>to <00:22:17.840>automatically <00:22:17.980>optimize <00:22:18.120>your <00:22:18.260>data <00:22:18.400>flow

00:22:19.910 --> 00:22:19.920 align:start position:0%
<00:22:19.910>automatically <00:22:19.912>optimize <00:22:19.914>your <00:22:19.916>data <00:22:19.919>flow

00:22:19.920 --> 00:22:21.110 align:start position:0%
<00:22:19.920>automatically <00:22:20.098>optimize <00:22:20.277>your <00:22:20.455>data <00:22:20.634>flow <00:22:20.812>and <00:22:20.991>get

00:22:21.110 --> 00:22:21.120 align:start position:0%
<00:22:21.110>and <00:22:21.119>get

00:22:21.120 --> 00:22:22.670 align:start position:0%
<00:22:21.120>and <00:22:21.319>get <00:22:21.518>uh <00:22:21.717>your <00:22:21.917>applications <00:22:22.116>running <00:22:22.315>on <00:22:22.515>the

00:22:22.670 --> 00:22:22.680 align:start position:0%
<00:22:22.670>uh <00:22:22.671>your <00:22:22.673>applications <00:22:22.675>running <00:22:22.677>on <00:22:22.679>the

00:22:22.680 --> 00:22:24.230 align:start position:0%
<00:22:22.680>uh <00:22:22.912>your <00:22:23.145>applications <00:22:23.377>running <00:22:23.610>on <00:22:23.842>the <00:22:24.075>device.

00:22:24.230 --> 00:22:24.240 align:start position:0%
device.

00:22:24.240 --> 00:22:26.430 align:start position:0%
<00:22:24.240>device. <00:22:24.415>Um <00:22:24.590>of <00:22:24.765>course, <00:22:24.940>the <00:22:25.115>stack <00:22:25.290>is <00:22:25.465>completed <00:22:25.640>by

00:22:26.430 --> 00:22:26.440 align:start position:0%
<00:22:26.430>Um <00:22:26.431>of <00:22:26.432>course, <00:22:26.433>the <00:22:26.435>stack <00:22:26.436>is <00:22:26.437>completed <00:22:26.439>by

00:22:26.440 --> 00:22:28.630 align:start position:0%
<00:22:26.440>Um <00:22:26.556>of <00:22:26.673>course, <00:22:26.790>the <00:22:26.906>stack <00:22:27.023>is <00:22:27.140>completed <00:22:27.256>by <00:22:27.373>a <00:22:27.490>soon-to-be <00:22:27.606>open-source <00:22:27.723>collection <00:22:27.840>of

00:22:28.630 --> 00:22:28.640 align:start position:0%
<00:22:28.630>a <00:22:28.632>soon-to-be <00:22:28.634>open-source <00:22:28.636>collection <00:22:28.639>of

00:22:28.640 --> 00:22:30.950 align:start position:0%
<00:22:28.640>a <00:22:28.780>soon-to-be <00:22:28.920>open-source <00:22:29.060>collection <00:22:29.200>of <00:22:29.340>applications. <00:22:29.480>So, <00:22:29.620>you <00:22:29.760>have <00:22:29.900>an <00:22:30.040>example

00:22:30.950 --> 00:22:30.960 align:start position:0%
<00:22:30.950>applications. <00:22:30.951>So, <00:22:30.953>you <00:22:30.955>have <00:22:30.957>an <00:22:30.959>example

00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:33.110 align:start position:0%
<00:22:30.960>applications. <00:22:31.087>So, <00:22:31.214>you <00:22:31.341>have <00:22:31.469>an <00:22:31.596>example <00:22:31.723>repo <00:22:31.850>where <00:22:31.978>you <00:22:32.105>can <00:22:32.232>browse <00:22:32.360>through

00:22:33.110 --> 00:22:33.120 align:start position:0%
<00:22:33.110>repo <00:22:33.111>where <00:22:33.113>you <00:22:33.115>can <00:22:33.117>browse <00:22:33.119>through

00:22:33.120 --> 00:22:34.510 align:start position:0%
<00:22:33.120>repo <00:22:33.298>where <00:22:33.477>you <00:22:33.656>can <00:22:33.834>browse <00:22:34.013>through <00:22:34.192>and <00:22:34.371>check

00:22:34.510 --> 00:22:34.520 align:start position:0%
<00:22:34.510>and <00:22:34.519>check

00:22:34.520 --> 00:22:36.910 align:start position:0%
<00:22:34.520>and <00:22:34.720>check <00:22:34.920>yeah, <00:22:35.120>how <00:22:35.320>this <00:22:35.520>works <00:22:35.720>and <00:22:35.920>convince

00:22:36.910 --> 00:22:36.920 align:start position:0%
<00:22:36.910>yeah, <00:22:36.911>how <00:22:36.913>this <00:22:36.915>works <00:22:36.917>and <00:22:36.919>convince

00:22:36.920 --> 00:22:39.710 align:start position:0%
<00:22:36.920>yeah, <00:22:37.036>how <00:22:37.153>this <00:22:37.270>works <00:22:37.386>and <00:22:37.503>convince <00:22:37.620>yourself <00:22:37.736>that <00:22:37.853>it's <00:22:37.970>really <00:22:38.086>easy <00:22:38.203>to <00:22:38.320>use.

00:22:39.710 --> 00:22:39.720 align:start position:0%
<00:22:39.710>yourself <00:22:39.711>that <00:22:39.713>it's <00:22:39.714>really <00:22:39.716>easy <00:22:39.717>to <00:22:39.719>use.

00:22:39.720 --> 00:22:42.630 align:start position:0%
<00:22:39.720>yourself <00:22:39.813>that <00:22:39.906>it's <00:22:40.000>really <00:22:40.093>easy <00:22:40.186>to <00:22:40.280>use. <00:22:40.373>Um <00:22:40.466>so, <00:22:40.560>with <00:22:40.653>this, <00:22:40.746>we <00:22:40.840>see <00:22:40.933>that <00:22:41.026>Quant <00:22:41.120>owns

00:22:42.630 --> 00:22:42.640 align:start position:0%
<00:22:42.630>Um <00:22:42.631>so, <00:22:42.632>with <00:22:42.633>this, <00:22:42.634>we <00:22:42.635>see <00:22:42.636>that <00:22:42.637>Quant <00:22:42.639>owns

00:22:42.640 --> 00:22:45.510 align:start position:0%
<00:22:42.640>Um <00:22:42.740>so, <00:22:42.840>with <00:22:42.940>this, <00:22:43.040>we <00:22:43.140>see <00:22:43.240>that <00:22:43.340>Quant <00:22:43.440>owns <00:22:43.540>the <00:22:43.640>entire <00:22:43.740>stack. <00:22:43.840>So, <00:22:43.940>from <00:22:44.040>application

00:22:45.510 --> 00:22:45.520 align:start position:0%
<00:22:45.510>the <00:22:45.511>entire <00:22:45.513>stack. <00:22:45.515>So, <00:22:45.517>from <00:22:45.519>application

00:22:45.520 --> 00:22:47.510 align:start position:0%
<00:22:45.520>the <00:22:45.675>entire <00:22:45.831>stack. <00:22:45.986>So, <00:22:46.142>from <00:22:46.297>application <00:22:46.453>to <00:22:46.608>the <00:22:46.764>software <00:22:46.920>layers

00:22:47.510 --> 00:22:47.520 align:start position:0%
<00:22:47.510>to <00:22:47.513>the <00:22:47.516>software <00:22:47.519>layers

00:22:47.520 --> 00:22:49.870 align:start position:0%
<00:22:47.520>to <00:22:47.647>the <00:22:47.774>software <00:22:47.901>layers <00:22:48.029>down <00:22:48.156>to <00:22:48.283>the <00:22:48.410>card, <00:22:48.538>down <00:22:48.665>to <00:22:48.792>the <00:22:48.920>wafer,

00:22:49.870 --> 00:22:49.880 align:start position:0%
<00:22:49.870>down <00:22:49.871>to <00:22:49.872>the <00:22:49.873>card, <00:22:49.875>down <00:22:49.876>to <00:22:49.877>the <00:22:49.879>wafer,

00:22:49.880 --> 00:22:52.110 align:start position:0%
<00:22:49.880>down <00:22:49.973>to <00:22:50.066>the <00:22:50.160>card, <00:22:50.253>down <00:22:50.346>to <00:22:50.440>the <00:22:50.533>wafer, <00:22:50.626>it's <00:22:50.720>truly <00:22:50.813>full <00:22:50.906>stack. <00:22:51.000>I <00:22:51.093>don't <00:22:51.186>think <00:22:51.280>in

00:22:52.110 --> 00:22:52.120 align:start position:0%
<00:22:52.110>it's <00:22:52.111>truly <00:22:52.112>full <00:22:52.113>stack. <00:22:52.115>I <00:22:52.116>don't <00:22:52.117>think <00:22:52.119>in

00:22:52.120 --> 00:22:54.350 align:start position:0%
<00:22:52.120>it's <00:22:52.213>truly <00:22:52.306>full <00:22:52.399>stack. <00:22:52.493>I <00:22:52.586>don't <00:22:52.679>think <00:22:52.773>in <00:22:52.866>many <00:22:52.959>companies <00:22:53.053>you <00:22:53.146>can <00:22:53.239>be <00:22:53.333>working <00:22:53.426>on <00:22:53.520>an

00:22:54.350 --> 00:22:54.360 align:start position:0%
<00:22:54.350>many <00:22:54.351>companies <00:22:54.352>you <00:22:54.353>can <00:22:54.355>be <00:22:54.356>working <00:22:54.357>on <00:22:54.359>an

00:22:54.360 --> 00:22:57.150 align:start position:0%
<00:22:54.360>many <00:22:54.459>companies <00:22:54.560>you <00:22:54.659>can <00:22:54.760>be <00:22:54.860>working <00:22:54.959>on <00:22:55.060>an <00:22:55.159>AI <00:22:55.260>application <00:22:55.360>and <00:22:55.459>then <00:22:55.560>have <00:22:55.659>lunch <00:22:55.760>with

00:22:57.150 --> 00:22:57.160 align:start position:0%
<00:22:57.150>AI <00:22:57.151>application <00:22:57.153>and <00:22:57.154>then <00:22:57.156>have <00:22:57.157>lunch <00:22:57.159>with

00:22:57.160 --> 00:22:59.150 align:start position:0%
<00:22:57.160>AI <00:22:57.267>application <00:22:57.375>and <00:22:57.483>then <00:22:57.590>have <00:22:57.698>lunch <00:22:57.806>with <00:22:57.913>the <00:22:58.021>person <00:22:58.129>that <00:22:58.236>handled <00:22:58.344>the <00:22:58.452>clean <00:22:58.560>the

00:22:59.150 --> 00:22:59.160 align:start position:0%
<00:22:59.150>the <00:22:59.151>person <00:22:59.153>that <00:22:59.154>handled <00:22:59.156>the <00:22:59.157>clean <00:22:59.159>the

00:22:59.160 --> 00:23:01.510 align:start position:0%
<00:22:59.160>the <00:22:59.260>person <00:22:59.360>that <00:22:59.460>handled <00:22:59.560>the <00:22:59.660>clean <00:22:59.760>the <00:22:59.860>wafer <00:22:59.960>in <00:23:00.060>the <00:23:00.160>clean <00:23:00.260>room <00:23:00.360>on <00:23:00.460>which <00:23:00.560>you're

00:23:01.510 --> 00:23:01.520 align:start position:0%
<00:23:01.510>wafer <00:23:01.511>in <00:23:01.512>the <00:23:01.513>clean <00:23:01.515>room <00:23:01.516>on <00:23:01.517>which <00:23:01.519>you're

00:23:01.520 --> 00:23:04.630 align:start position:0%
<00:23:01.520>wafer <00:23:01.660>in <00:23:01.800>the <00:23:01.940>clean <00:23:02.080>room <00:23:02.220>on <00:23:02.360>which <00:23:02.500>you're <00:23:02.639>running <00:23:02.780>your <00:23:02.920>application.

00:23:04.630 --> 00:23:04.640 align:start position:0%
<00:23:04.630>running <00:23:04.634>your <00:23:04.639>application.

00:23:04.640 --> 00:23:06.950 align:start position:0%
<00:23:04.640>running <00:23:04.780>your <00:23:04.920>application. <00:23:05.060>And <00:23:05.200>now <00:23:05.340>I <00:23:05.480>think <00:23:05.620>we <00:23:05.760>have <00:23:05.900>enough <00:23:06.040>time

00:23:06.950 --> 00:23:06.960 align:start position:0%
<00:23:06.950>And <00:23:06.951>now <00:23:06.952>I <00:23:06.953>think <00:23:06.955>we <00:23:06.956>have <00:23:06.957>enough <00:23:06.959>time

00:23:06.960 --> 00:23:09.630 align:start position:0%
<00:23:06.960>And <00:23:07.060>now <00:23:07.160>I <00:23:07.260>think <00:23:07.360>we <00:23:07.460>have <00:23:07.560>enough <00:23:07.660>time <00:23:07.760>for <00:23:07.860>a <00:23:07.960>little <00:23:08.060>example <00:23:08.160>with <00:23:08.260>the <00:23:08.360>Hello

00:23:09.630 --> 00:23:09.640 align:start position:0%
<00:23:09.630>for <00:23:09.631>a <00:23:09.633>little <00:23:09.634>example <00:23:09.636>with <00:23:09.637>the <00:23:09.639>Hello

00:23:09.640 --> 00:23:11.350 align:start position:0%
<00:23:09.640>for <00:23:09.795>a <00:23:09.951>little <00:23:10.106>example <00:23:10.262>with <00:23:10.417>the <00:23:10.573>Hello <00:23:10.728>World <00:23:10.884>of <00:23:11.040>AI.

00:23:11.350 --> 00:23:11.360 align:start position:0%
<00:23:11.350>World <00:23:11.354>of <00:23:11.359>AI.

00:23:11.360 --> 00:23:13.790 align:start position:0%
<00:23:11.360>World <00:23:11.534>of <00:23:11.709>AI. <00:23:11.885>Just <00:23:12.060>showing <00:23:12.235>you <00:23:12.409>how <00:23:12.584>to <00:23:12.760>run

00:23:13.790 --> 00:23:13.800 align:start position:0%
<00:23:13.790>Just <00:23:13.791>showing <00:23:13.793>you <00:23:13.795>how <00:23:13.797>to <00:23:13.799>run

00:23:13.800 --> 00:23:17.350 align:start position:0%
<00:23:13.800>Just <00:23:13.955>showing <00:23:14.111>you <00:23:14.266>how <00:23:14.422>to <00:23:14.577>run <00:23:14.733>digit <00:23:14.888>recognition <00:23:15.044>on <00:23:15.200>photonics.

00:23:17.350 --> 00:23:17.360 align:start position:0%
<00:23:17.350>digit <00:23:17.352>recognition <00:23:17.356>on <00:23:17.359>photonics.

00:23:17.360 --> 00:23:18.630 align:start position:0%
<00:23:17.360>digit <00:23:17.455>recognition <00:23:17.550>on <00:23:17.645>photonics. <00:23:17.741>And <00:23:17.836>now <00:23:17.931>you <00:23:18.026>have <00:23:18.122>to <00:23:18.217>bear <00:23:18.312>with <00:23:18.407>me <00:23:18.503>because

00:23:18.630 --> 00:23:18.640 align:start position:0%
<00:23:18.630>And <00:23:18.631>now <00:23:18.632>you <00:23:18.633>have <00:23:18.634>to <00:23:18.635>bear <00:23:18.636>with <00:23:18.637>me <00:23:18.639>because

00:23:18.640 --> 00:23:20.590 align:start position:0%
<00:23:18.640>And <00:23:18.727>now <00:23:18.815>you <00:23:18.902>have <00:23:18.990>to <00:23:19.077>bear <00:23:19.165>with <00:23:19.252>me <00:23:19.340>because <00:23:19.427>I <00:23:19.515>have <00:23:19.602>a <00:23:19.690>2-second <00:23:19.777>delay <00:23:19.865>between <00:23:19.952>what <00:23:20.040>I

00:23:20.590 --> 00:23:20.600 align:start position:0%
<00:23:20.590>I <00:23:20.591>have <00:23:20.592>a <00:23:20.593>2-second <00:23:20.595>delay <00:23:20.596>between <00:23:20.597>what <00:23:20.599>I

00:23:20.600 --> 00:23:23.270 align:start position:0%
<00:23:20.600>I <00:23:20.699>have <00:23:20.800>a <00:23:20.899>2-second <00:23:21.000>delay <00:23:21.100>between <00:23:21.199>what <00:23:21.300>I <00:23:21.399>do <00:23:21.500>here <00:23:21.600>and <00:23:21.699>when <00:23:21.800>my <00:23:21.899>mouse <00:23:22.000>moves.

00:23:23.270 --> 00:23:23.280 align:start position:0%
<00:23:23.270>do <00:23:23.271>here <00:23:23.273>and <00:23:23.274>when <00:23:23.276>my <00:23:23.277>mouse <00:23:23.279>moves.

00:23:23.280 --> 00:23:26.390 align:start position:0%
<00:23:23.280>do <00:23:23.379>here <00:23:23.480>and <00:23:23.580>when <00:23:23.680>my <00:23:23.780>mouse <00:23:23.879>moves. <00:23:23.980>So <00:23:24.080>the <00:23:24.180>most <00:23:24.280>critical <00:23:24.379>part <00:23:24.480>will <00:23:24.580>be <00:23:24.680>me

00:23:26.390 --> 00:23:26.400 align:start position:0%
<00:23:26.390>So <00:23:26.391>the <00:23:26.392>most <00:23:26.393>critical <00:23:26.395>part <00:23:26.396>will <00:23:26.397>be <00:23:26.399>me

00:23:26.400 --> 00:23:28.510 align:start position:0%
<00:23:26.400>So <00:23:26.493>the <00:23:26.586>most <00:23:26.680>critical <00:23:26.773>part <00:23:26.866>will <00:23:26.960>be <00:23:27.053>me <00:23:27.146>hitting <00:23:27.240>that <00:23:27.333>first <00:23:27.426>box <00:23:27.520>so <00:23:27.613>I <00:23:27.706>can <00:23:27.800>press

00:23:28.510 --> 00:23:28.520 align:start position:0%
<00:23:28.510>hitting <00:23:28.511>that <00:23:28.512>first <00:23:28.513>box <00:23:28.515>so <00:23:28.516>I <00:23:28.517>can <00:23:28.519>press

00:23:28.520 --> 00:23:34.710 align:start position:0%
<00:23:28.520>hitting <00:23:28.675>that <00:23:28.831>first <00:23:28.986>box <00:23:29.142>so <00:23:29.297>I <00:23:29.453>can <00:23:29.608>press <00:23:29.764>shift <00:23:29.920>enter.

00:23:34.720 --> 00:23:38.070 align:start position:0%
<00:23:34.720>Yes. <00:23:34.953>Okay. <00:23:35.186>So <00:23:35.420>we <00:23:35.653>import <00:23:35.886>the <00:23:36.120>standard

00:23:38.070 --> 00:23:38.080 align:start position:0%
<00:23:38.070>Yes. <00:23:38.071>Okay. <00:23:38.072>So <00:23:38.074>we <00:23:38.076>import <00:23:38.077>the <00:23:38.079>standard

00:23:38.080 --> 00:23:40.630 align:start position:0%
<00:23:38.080>Yes. <00:23:38.196>Okay. <00:23:38.313>So <00:23:38.429>we <00:23:38.546>import <00:23:38.663>the <00:23:38.780>standard <00:23:38.896>libraries <00:23:39.013>and <00:23:39.129>also <00:23:39.246>the <00:23:39.363>quantum <00:23:39.480>photonic

00:23:40.630 --> 00:23:40.640 align:start position:0%
<00:23:40.630>libraries <00:23:40.631>and <00:23:40.633>also <00:23:40.635>the <00:23:40.637>quantum <00:23:40.639>photonic

00:23:40.640 --> 00:23:42.430 align:start position:0%
<00:23:40.640>libraries <00:23:40.840>and <00:23:41.040>also <00:23:41.240>the <00:23:41.440>quantum <00:23:41.640>photonic <00:23:41.840>algorithm <00:23:42.040>library.

00:23:42.430 --> 00:23:42.440 align:start position:0%
<00:23:42.430>algorithm <00:23:42.439>library.

00:23:42.440 --> 00:23:46.310 align:start position:0%
<00:23:42.440>algorithm <00:23:42.595>library. <00:23:42.751>We <00:23:42.906>download <00:23:43.062>some <00:23:43.217>images <00:23:43.373>from <00:23:43.528>the <00:23:43.684>web <00:23:43.840>so

00:23:46.310 --> 00:23:46.320 align:start position:0%
<00:23:46.310>We <00:23:46.311>download <00:23:46.312>some <00:23:46.313>images <00:23:46.315>from <00:23:46.316>the <00:23:46.317>web <00:23:46.319>so

00:23:46.320 --> 00:23:47.950 align:start position:0%
<00:23:46.320>We <00:23:46.407>download <00:23:46.495>some <00:23:46.582>images <00:23:46.669>from <00:23:46.757>the <00:23:46.845>web <00:23:46.932>so <00:23:47.020>we <00:23:47.107>have <00:23:47.195>an <00:23:47.282>example <00:23:47.370>and <00:23:47.457>then <00:23:47.544>also <00:23:47.632>we <00:23:47.720>have

00:23:47.950 --> 00:23:47.960 align:start position:0%
<00:23:47.950>we <00:23:47.951>have <00:23:47.952>an <00:23:47.953>example <00:23:47.954>and <00:23:47.955>then <00:23:47.956>also <00:23:47.957>we <00:23:47.959>have

00:23:47.960 --> 00:23:49.470 align:start position:0%
<00:23:47.960>we <00:23:48.111>have <00:23:48.262>an <00:23:48.413>example <00:23:48.564>and <00:23:48.715>then <00:23:48.866>also <00:23:49.017>we <00:23:49.168>have <00:23:49.319>pre-trained

00:23:49.470 --> 00:23:49.480 align:start position:0%
pre-trained

00:23:49.480 --> 00:23:51.790 align:start position:0%
<00:23:49.480>pre-trained <00:23:49.680>a <00:23:49.880>two-layer <00:23:50.080>neural <00:23:50.280>network <00:23:50.480>to <00:23:50.680>run <00:23:50.880>the

00:23:51.790 --> 00:23:51.800 align:start position:0%
<00:23:51.790>a <00:23:51.791>two-layer <00:23:51.793>neural <00:23:51.794>network <00:23:51.796>to <00:23:51.797>run <00:23:51.799>the

00:23:51.800 --> 00:23:54.150 align:start position:0%
<00:23:51.800>a <00:23:52.000>two-layer <00:23:52.200>neural <00:23:52.399>network <00:23:52.600>to <00:23:52.800>run <00:23:53.000>the <00:23:53.200>classification.

00:23:54.150 --> 00:23:54.160 align:start position:0%
classification.

00:23:54.160 --> 00:23:57.310 align:start position:0%
<00:23:54.160>classification. <00:23:54.335>Yes. <00:23:54.510>So <00:23:54.685>the <00:23:54.860>number <00:23:55.035>we <00:23:55.210>are <00:23:55.385>trying <00:23:55.560>to

00:23:57.310 --> 00:23:57.320 align:start position:0%
<00:23:57.310>Yes. <00:23:57.311>So <00:23:57.312>the <00:23:57.313>number <00:23:57.315>we <00:23:57.316>are <00:23:57.317>trying <00:23:57.319>to

00:23:57.320 --> 00:23:58.510 align:start position:0%
<00:23:57.320>Yes. <00:23:57.453>So <00:23:57.587>the <00:23:57.721>number <00:23:57.855>we <00:23:57.989>are <00:23:58.123>trying <00:23:58.257>to <00:23:58.391>um

00:23:58.510 --> 00:23:58.520 align:start position:0%
um

00:23:58.520 --> 00:24:00.310 align:start position:0%
<00:23:58.520>um <00:23:58.800>classify <00:23:59.080>here <00:23:59.360>is <00:23:59.639>a <00:23:59.920>three.

00:24:00.310 --> 00:24:00.320 align:start position:0%
<00:24:00.310>classify <00:24:00.312>here <00:24:00.314>is <00:24:00.316>a <00:24:00.319>three.

00:24:00.320 --> 00:24:02.030 align:start position:0%
<00:24:00.320>classify <00:24:00.436>here <00:24:00.553>is <00:24:00.669>a <00:24:00.786>three. <00:24:00.903>And <00:24:01.020>then <00:24:01.136>the <00:24:01.253>most <00:24:01.370>important <00:24:01.486>bit <00:24:01.603>is <00:24:01.720>the

00:24:02.030 --> 00:24:02.040 align:start position:0%
<00:24:02.030>And <00:24:02.031>then <00:24:02.032>the <00:24:02.033>most <00:24:02.035>important <00:24:02.036>bit <00:24:02.037>is <00:24:02.039>the

00:24:02.040 --> 00:24:04.070 align:start position:0%
<00:24:02.040>And <00:24:02.167>then <00:24:02.294>the <00:24:02.421>most <00:24:02.549>important <00:24:02.676>bit <00:24:02.803>is <00:24:02.930>the <00:24:03.058>interference. <00:24:03.185>And <00:24:03.312>here <00:24:03.440>is

00:24:04.070 --> 00:24:04.080 align:start position:0%
<00:24:04.070>interference. <00:24:04.072>And <00:24:04.076>here <00:24:04.079>is

00:24:04.080 --> 00:24:06.950 align:start position:0%
<00:24:04.080>interference. <00:24:04.196>And <00:24:04.313>here <00:24:04.429>is <00:24:04.546>This <00:24:04.663>is <00:24:04.780>all <00:24:04.896>of <00:24:05.013>it. <00:24:05.129>So <00:24:05.246>Quant <00:24:05.363>provides <00:24:05.480>you

00:24:06.950 --> 00:24:06.960 align:start position:0%
<00:24:06.950>This <00:24:06.951>is <00:24:06.952>all <00:24:06.953>of <00:24:06.954>it. <00:24:06.955>So <00:24:06.956>Quant <00:24:06.957>provides <00:24:06.959>you

00:24:06.960 --> 00:24:08.870 align:start position:0%
<00:24:06.960>This <00:24:07.053>is <00:24:07.146>all <00:24:07.240>of <00:24:07.333>it. <00:24:07.426>So <00:24:07.520>Quant <00:24:07.613>provides <00:24:07.706>you <00:24:07.800>with <00:24:07.893>the <00:24:07.986>functions <00:24:08.080>that <00:24:08.173>are <00:24:08.266>native <00:24:08.360>on

00:24:08.870 --> 00:24:08.880 align:start position:0%
<00:24:08.870>with <00:24:08.871>the <00:24:08.873>functions <00:24:08.874>that <00:24:08.876>are <00:24:08.877>native <00:24:08.879>on

00:24:08.880 --> 00:24:10.310 align:start position:0%
<00:24:08.880>with <00:24:08.979>the <00:24:09.078>functions <00:24:09.177>that <00:24:09.276>are <00:24:09.375>native <00:24:09.474>on <00:24:09.573>the <00:24:09.672>card, <00:24:09.771>which <00:24:09.870>is <00:24:09.969>the <00:24:10.068>linear <00:24:10.167>forward

00:24:10.310 --> 00:24:10.320 align:start position:0%
<00:24:10.310>the <00:24:10.311>card, <00:24:10.312>which <00:24:10.314>is <00:24:10.316>the <00:24:10.317>linear <00:24:10.319>forward

00:24:10.320 --> 00:24:12.510 align:start position:0%
<00:24:10.320>the <00:24:10.447>card, <00:24:10.574>which <00:24:10.701>is <00:24:10.829>the <00:24:10.956>linear <00:24:11.083>forward <00:24:11.210>propagation. <00:24:11.338>This <00:24:11.465>is <00:24:11.592>matrix <00:24:11.720>matrix

00:24:12.510 --> 00:24:12.520 align:start position:0%
<00:24:12.510>propagation. <00:24:12.512>This <00:24:12.514>is <00:24:12.516>matrix <00:24:12.519>matrix

00:24:12.520 --> 00:24:13.910 align:start position:0%
<00:24:12.520>propagation. <00:24:12.770>This <00:24:13.020>is <00:24:13.270>matrix <00:24:13.520>matrix <00:24:13.771>multiplication.

00:24:13.910 --> 00:24:13.920 align:start position:0%
multiplication.

00:24:13.920 --> 00:24:15.390 align:start position:0%
<00:24:13.920>multiplication. <00:24:14.361>Then <00:24:14.802>you <00:24:15.243>have

00:24:15.390 --> 00:24:15.400 align:start position:0%
<00:24:15.390>Then <00:24:15.394>you <00:24:15.399>have

00:24:15.400 --> 00:24:16.950 align:start position:0%
<00:24:15.400>Then <00:24:15.539>you <00:24:15.679>have <00:24:15.818>as <00:24:15.958>I <00:24:16.097>said <00:24:16.237>some <00:24:16.376>quality <00:24:16.516>of <00:24:16.655>life <00:24:16.795>functions

00:24:16.950 --> 00:24:16.960 align:start position:0%
<00:24:16.950>as <00:24:16.951>I <00:24:16.952>said <00:24:16.953>some <00:24:16.955>quality <00:24:16.956>of <00:24:16.957>life <00:24:16.959>functions

00:24:16.960 --> 00:24:19.950 align:start position:0%
<00:24:16.960>as <00:24:17.053>I <00:24:17.146>said <00:24:17.240>some <00:24:17.333>quality <00:24:17.426>of <00:24:17.520>life <00:24:17.613>functions <00:24:17.706>for <00:24:17.800>this <00:24:17.893>addition <00:24:17.986>to <00:24:18.080>add <00:24:18.173>the <00:24:18.266>bias. <00:24:18.360>You

00:24:19.950 --> 00:24:19.960 align:start position:0%
<00:24:19.950>for <00:24:19.951>this <00:24:19.952>addition <00:24:19.953>to <00:24:19.955>add <00:24:19.956>the <00:24:19.957>bias. <00:24:19.959>You

00:24:19.960 --> 00:24:21.550 align:start position:0%
<00:24:19.960>for <00:24:20.067>this <00:24:20.175>addition <00:24:20.283>to <00:24:20.390>add <00:24:20.498>the <00:24:20.606>bias. <00:24:20.713>You <00:24:20.821>have <00:24:20.929>your <00:24:21.036>activation <00:24:21.144>functions. <00:24:21.252>You <00:24:21.360>go

00:24:21.550 --> 00:24:21.560 align:start position:0%
<00:24:21.550>have <00:24:21.551>your <00:24:21.553>activation <00:24:21.555>functions. <00:24:21.557>You <00:24:21.559>go

00:24:21.560 --> 00:24:23.630 align:start position:0%
<00:24:21.560>have <00:24:21.667>your <00:24:21.775>activation <00:24:21.883>functions. <00:24:21.990>You <00:24:22.098>go <00:24:22.206>to <00:24:22.313>the <00:24:22.421>second <00:24:22.529>layer. <00:24:22.636>You <00:24:22.744>pipe <00:24:22.852>it <00:24:22.960>through

00:24:23.630 --> 00:24:23.640 align:start position:0%
<00:24:23.630>to <00:24:23.631>the <00:24:23.632>second <00:24:23.633>layer. <00:24:23.635>You <00:24:23.636>pipe <00:24:23.637>it <00:24:23.639>through

00:24:23.640 --> 00:24:26.910 align:start position:0%
<00:24:23.640>to <00:24:23.727>the <00:24:23.815>second <00:24:23.902>layer. <00:24:23.990>You <00:24:24.077>pipe <00:24:24.165>it <00:24:24.252>through <00:24:24.340>a <00:24:24.427>soft <00:24:24.515>max <00:24:24.602>and <00:24:24.690>then <00:24:24.777>I <00:24:24.865>hope <00:24:24.952>with <00:24:25.040>these

00:24:26.910 --> 00:24:26.920 align:start position:0%
<00:24:26.910>a <00:24:26.911>soft <00:24:26.912>max <00:24:26.913>and <00:24:26.914>then <00:24:26.915>I <00:24:26.916>hope <00:24:26.917>with <00:24:26.919>these

00:24:26.920 --> 00:24:28.750 align:start position:0%
<00:24:26.920>a <00:24:27.036>soft <00:24:27.153>max <00:24:27.270>and <00:24:27.386>then <00:24:27.503>I <00:24:27.620>hope <00:24:27.736>with <00:24:27.853>these <00:24:27.970>six <00:24:28.086>lines <00:24:28.203>of <00:24:28.320>code

00:24:28.750 --> 00:24:28.760 align:start position:0%
<00:24:28.750>six <00:24:28.753>lines <00:24:28.756>of <00:24:28.759>code

00:24:28.760 --> 00:24:30.870 align:start position:0%
<00:24:28.760>six <00:24:28.915>lines <00:24:29.071>of <00:24:29.226>code <00:24:29.382>you <00:24:29.537>should <00:24:29.693>get <00:24:29.848>within <00:24:30.004>a <00:24:30.160>reasonable

00:24:30.870 --> 00:24:30.880 align:start position:0%
<00:24:30.870>you <00:24:30.871>should <00:24:30.873>get <00:24:30.875>within <00:24:30.877>a <00:24:30.879>reasonable

00:24:30.880 --> 00:24:33.550 align:start position:0%
<00:24:30.880>you <00:24:31.055>should <00:24:31.230>get <00:24:31.405>within <00:24:31.580>a <00:24:31.755>reasonable <00:24:31.930>amount <00:24:32.105>of <00:24:32.280>time

00:24:33.550 --> 00:24:33.560 align:start position:0%
<00:24:33.550>amount <00:24:33.554>of <00:24:33.559>time

00:24:33.560 --> 00:24:38.310 align:start position:0%
<00:24:33.560>amount <00:24:33.840>of <00:24:34.120>time <00:24:34.399>the <00:24:34.679>number <00:24:34.960>three.

00:24:38.320 --> 00:24:39.950 align:start position:0%
Yes.

00:24:39.950 --> 00:24:39.960 align:start position:0%
Yes.

00:24:39.960 --> 00:24:41.990 align:start position:0%
<00:24:39.960>Yes. <00:24:40.193>Yes. <00:24:40.426>Okay, <00:24:40.660>wonderful. <00:24:40.893>It <00:24:41.126>worked. <00:24:41.360>So,

00:24:41.990 --> 00:24:42.000 align:start position:0%
<00:24:41.990>Yes. <00:24:41.991>Okay, <00:24:41.993>wonderful. <00:24:41.995>It <00:24:41.997>worked. <00:24:41.999>So,

00:24:42.000 --> 00:24:44.470 align:start position:0%
<00:24:42.000>Yes. <00:24:42.116>Okay, <00:24:42.233>wonderful. <00:24:42.350>It <00:24:42.466>worked. <00:24:42.583>So, <00:24:42.700>thank <00:24:42.816>you. <00:24:42.933>Light <00:24:43.050>just <00:24:43.166>did <00:24:43.283>an <00:24:43.400>MNIST

00:24:44.470 --> 00:24:44.480 align:start position:0%
<00:24:44.470>thank <00:24:44.471>you. <00:24:44.473>Light <00:24:44.474>just <00:24:44.476>did <00:24:44.477>an <00:24:44.479>MNIST

00:24:44.480 --> 00:24:46.950 align:start position:0%
<00:24:44.480>thank <00:24:44.596>you. <00:24:44.713>Light <00:24:44.830>just <00:24:44.946>did <00:24:45.063>an <00:24:45.180>MNIST <00:24:45.296>interference <00:24:45.413>inference <00:24:45.530>for <00:24:45.646>you, <00:24:45.763>which <00:24:45.880>I

00:24:46.950 --> 00:24:46.960 align:start position:0%
<00:24:46.950>interference <00:24:46.951>inference <00:24:46.953>for <00:24:46.955>you, <00:24:46.957>which <00:24:46.959>I

00:24:46.960 --> 00:24:49.990 align:start position:0%
<00:24:46.960>interference <00:24:47.087>inference <00:24:47.214>for <00:24:47.341>you, <00:24:47.469>which <00:24:47.596>I <00:24:47.723>think <00:24:47.850>is <00:24:47.978>a <00:24:48.105>pretty <00:24:48.232>cool <00:24:48.360>showcase.

00:24:49.990 --> 00:24:50.000 align:start position:0%
<00:24:49.990>think <00:24:49.991>is <00:24:49.993>a <00:24:49.995>pretty <00:24:49.997>cool <00:24:49.999>showcase.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:52.670 align:start position:0%
<00:24:50.000>think <00:24:50.100>is <00:24:50.200>a <00:24:50.300>pretty <00:24:50.400>cool <00:24:50.500>showcase. <00:24:50.600>And <00:24:50.700>with <00:24:50.800>that <00:24:50.900>I <00:24:51.000>give <00:24:51.100>back <00:24:51.200>to <00:24:51.300>Uts <00:24:51.400>who

00:24:52.670 --> 00:24:52.680 align:start position:0%
<00:24:52.670>And <00:24:52.671>with <00:24:52.672>that <00:24:52.673>I <00:24:52.674>give <00:24:52.675>back <00:24:52.676>to <00:24:52.677>Uts <00:24:52.679>who

00:24:52.680 --> 00:24:55.270 align:start position:0%
<00:24:52.680>And <00:24:52.757>with <00:24:52.835>that <00:24:52.913>I <00:24:52.991>give <00:24:53.068>back <00:24:53.146>to <00:24:53.224>Uts <00:24:53.302>who <00:24:53.380>will <00:24:53.457>tell <00:24:53.535>you <00:24:53.613>what <00:24:53.691>you <00:24:53.768>can <00:24:53.846>do <00:24:53.924>or <00:24:54.002>how <00:24:54.080>you

00:24:55.270 --> 00:24:55.280 align:start position:0%
<00:24:55.270>will <00:24:55.271>tell <00:24:55.272>you <00:24:55.273>what <00:24:55.274>you <00:24:55.275>can <00:24:55.276>do <00:24:55.277>or <00:24:55.278>how <00:24:55.279>you

00:24:55.280 --> 00:24:58.150 align:start position:0%
<00:24:55.280>will <00:24:55.362>tell <00:24:55.444>you <00:24:55.527>what <00:24:55.609>you <00:24:55.691>can <00:24:55.774>do <00:24:55.856>or <00:24:55.938>how <00:24:56.021>you <00:24:56.103>can <00:24:56.185>access <00:24:56.268>the <00:24:56.350>system <00:24:56.432>and <00:24:56.515>test <00:24:56.597>it <00:24:56.680>out

00:24:58.150 --> 00:24:58.160 align:start position:0%
<00:24:58.150>can <00:24:58.151>access <00:24:58.152>the <00:24:58.153>system <00:24:58.155>and <00:24:58.156>test <00:24:58.157>it <00:24:58.159>out

00:24:58.160 --> 00:25:04.790 align:start position:0%
<00:24:58.160>can <00:24:58.315>access <00:24:58.471>the <00:24:58.626>system <00:24:58.782>and <00:24:58.937>test <00:24:59.093>it <00:24:59.248>out <00:24:59.404>for <00:24:59.560>yourself.

00:25:04.800 --> 00:25:17.310 align:start position:0%
<00:25:04.800>&gt;&gt; <00:25:06.200>No.

00:25:17.320 --> 00:25:20.030 align:start position:0%
<00:25:17.320>&gt;&gt; <00:25:17.669>Yeah, <00:25:18.020>sorry. <00:25:18.370>Thank <00:25:18.720>you.

00:25:20.030 --> 00:25:20.040 align:start position:0%
<00:25:20.030>&gt;&gt; <00:25:20.032>Yeah, <00:25:20.034>sorry. <00:25:20.036>Thank <00:25:20.039>you.

00:25:20.040 --> 00:25:21.750 align:start position:0%
<00:25:20.040>&gt;&gt; <00:25:20.240>Yeah, <00:25:20.440>sorry. <00:25:20.639>Thank <00:25:20.840>you. <00:25:21.040>All <00:25:21.240>right. <00:25:21.440>So,

00:25:21.750 --> 00:25:21.760 align:start position:0%
<00:25:21.750>All <00:25:21.754>right. <00:25:21.759>So,

00:25:21.760 --> 00:25:25.110 align:start position:0%
<00:25:21.760>All <00:25:21.915>right. <00:25:22.071>So, <00:25:22.226>we <00:25:22.382>have <00:25:22.537>second <00:25:22.693>generation. <00:25:22.848>We <00:25:23.004>started <00:25:23.160>as

00:25:25.110 --> 00:25:25.120 align:start position:0%
<00:25:25.110>we <00:25:25.111>have <00:25:25.112>second <00:25:25.114>generation. <00:25:25.116>We <00:25:25.117>started <00:25:25.119>as

00:25:25.120 --> 00:25:26.870 align:start position:0%
<00:25:25.120>we <00:25:25.219>have <00:25:25.320>second <00:25:25.419>generation. <00:25:25.520>We <00:25:25.620>started <00:25:25.719>as <00:25:25.820>plain <00:25:25.919>IT <00:25:26.020>folks. <00:25:26.120>We <00:25:26.219>started <00:25:26.320>with <00:25:26.419>the <00:25:26.520>Gen

00:25:26.870 --> 00:25:26.880 align:start position:0%
<00:25:26.870>plain <00:25:26.871>IT <00:25:26.872>folks. <00:25:26.873>We <00:25:26.875>started <00:25:26.876>with <00:25:26.877>the <00:25:26.879>Gen

00:25:26.880 --> 00:25:28.390 align:start position:0%
<00:25:26.880>plain <00:25:27.049>IT <00:25:27.219>folks. <00:25:27.389>We <00:25:27.559>started <00:25:27.729>with <00:25:27.899>the <00:25:28.069>Gen <00:25:28.239>zero.

00:25:28.390 --> 00:25:28.400 align:start position:0%
zero.

00:25:28.400 --> 00:25:30.150 align:start position:0%
<00:25:28.400>zero. <00:25:28.633>Uh <00:25:28.866>so, <00:25:29.100>it's <00:25:29.333>actually <00:25:29.566>the <00:25:29.800>third

00:25:30.150 --> 00:25:30.160 align:start position:0%
<00:25:30.150>Uh <00:25:30.151>so, <00:25:30.153>it's <00:25:30.155>actually <00:25:30.157>the <00:25:30.159>third

00:25:30.160 --> 00:25:31.630 align:start position:0%
<00:25:30.160>Uh <00:25:30.292>so, <00:25:30.424>it's <00:25:30.556>actually <00:25:30.689>the <00:25:30.821>third <00:25:30.953>generation. <00:25:31.086>We <00:25:31.218>have <00:25:31.350>the <00:25:31.483>second

00:25:31.630 --> 00:25:31.640 align:start position:0%
<00:25:31.630>generation. <00:25:31.632>We <00:25:31.634>have <00:25:31.636>the <00:25:31.639>second

00:25:31.640 --> 00:25:33.310 align:start position:0%
<00:25:31.640>generation. <00:25:31.780>We <00:25:31.920>have <00:25:32.060>the <00:25:32.200>second <00:25:32.340>generation <00:25:32.480>out. <00:25:32.620>First <00:25:32.760>one <00:25:32.900>was <00:25:33.040>really

00:25:33.310 --> 00:25:33.320 align:start position:0%
<00:25:33.310>generation <00:25:33.311>out. <00:25:33.313>First <00:25:33.315>one <00:25:33.317>was <00:25:33.319>really

00:25:33.320 --> 00:25:36.310 align:start position:0%
<00:25:33.320>generation <00:25:33.460>out. <00:25:33.600>First <00:25:33.740>one <00:25:33.879>was <00:25:34.020>really <00:25:34.159>proof-of-concept. <00:25:34.300>This <00:25:34.439>thing <00:25:34.580>works. <00:25:34.720>Um

00:25:36.310 --> 00:25:36.320 align:start position:0%
<00:25:36.310>proof-of-concept. <00:25:36.312>This <00:25:36.314>thing <00:25:36.316>works. <00:25:36.319>Um

00:25:36.320 --> 00:25:37.790 align:start position:0%
<00:25:36.320>proof-of-concept. <00:25:36.540>This <00:25:36.761>thing <00:25:36.981>works. <00:25:37.202>Um <00:25:37.422>Gen <00:25:37.643>one

00:25:37.790 --> 00:25:37.800 align:start position:0%
<00:25:37.790>Gen <00:25:37.799>one

00:25:37.800 --> 00:25:41.110 align:start position:0%
<00:25:37.800>Gen <00:25:37.975>one <00:25:38.149>was <00:25:38.325>uh <00:25:38.500>a <00:25:38.675>PCI <00:25:38.850>Express <00:25:39.024>device, <00:25:39.200>standard

00:25:41.110 --> 00:25:41.120 align:start position:0%
<00:25:41.110>was <00:25:41.111>uh <00:25:41.112>a <00:25:41.114>PCI <00:25:41.116>Express <00:25:41.117>device, <00:25:41.119>standard

00:25:41.120 --> 00:25:43.390 align:start position:0%
<00:25:41.120>was <00:25:41.219>uh <00:25:41.320>a <00:25:41.419>PCI <00:25:41.520>Express <00:25:41.620>device, <00:25:41.719>standard <00:25:41.820>form <00:25:41.919>factor. <00:25:42.020>So, <00:25:42.120>that <00:25:42.219>made <00:25:42.320>it <00:25:42.419>usable <00:25:42.520>in

00:25:43.390 --> 00:25:43.400 align:start position:0%
<00:25:43.390>form <00:25:43.391>factor. <00:25:43.392>So, <00:25:43.393>that <00:25:43.395>made <00:25:43.396>it <00:25:43.397>usable <00:25:43.399>in

00:25:43.400 --> 00:25:45.830 align:start position:0%
<00:25:43.400>form <00:25:43.507>factor. <00:25:43.615>So, <00:25:43.723>that <00:25:43.830>made <00:25:43.938>it <00:25:44.046>usable <00:25:44.153>in <00:25:44.261>some <00:25:44.369>way. <00:25:44.476>Second <00:25:44.584>generation <00:25:44.692>going <00:25:44.800>into

00:25:45.830 --> 00:25:45.840 align:start position:0%
<00:25:45.830>some <00:25:45.831>way. <00:25:45.833>Second <00:25:45.835>generation <00:25:45.837>going <00:25:45.839>into

00:25:45.840 --> 00:25:48.110 align:start position:0%
<00:25:45.840>some <00:25:45.956>way. <00:25:46.073>Second <00:25:46.189>generation <00:25:46.306>going <00:25:46.423>into <00:25:46.540>the <00:25:46.656>gigahertz <00:25:46.773>regime <00:25:46.889>of <00:25:47.006>flowing <00:25:47.123>data <00:25:47.240>in

00:25:48.110 --> 00:25:48.120 align:start position:0%
<00:25:48.110>the <00:25:48.111>gigahertz <00:25:48.112>regime <00:25:48.114>of <00:25:48.116>flowing <00:25:48.117>data <00:25:48.119>in

00:25:48.120 --> 00:25:50.230 align:start position:0%
<00:25:48.120>the <00:25:48.294>gigahertz <00:25:48.469>regime <00:25:48.645>of <00:25:48.820>flowing <00:25:48.995>data <00:25:49.169>in <00:25:49.344>and <00:25:49.520>out.

00:25:50.230 --> 00:25:50.240 align:start position:0%
<00:25:50.230>and <00:25:50.239>out.

00:25:50.240 --> 00:25:52.710 align:start position:0%
<00:25:50.240>and <00:25:50.415>out. <00:25:50.590>Some <00:25:50.765>parallelism <00:25:50.940>and <00:25:51.115>and <00:25:51.290>more <00:25:51.465>lined <00:25:51.640>up.

00:25:52.710 --> 00:25:52.720 align:start position:0%
<00:25:52.710>Some <00:25:52.711>parallelism <00:25:52.713>and <00:25:52.714>and <00:25:52.716>more <00:25:52.717>lined <00:25:52.719>up.

00:25:52.720 --> 00:25:55.030 align:start position:0%
<00:25:52.720>Some <00:25:52.820>parallelism <00:25:52.920>and <00:25:53.020>and <00:25:53.120>more <00:25:53.220>lined <00:25:53.320>up. <00:25:53.420>And <00:25:53.520>this <00:25:53.620>happened <00:25:53.720>once <00:25:53.820>a <00:25:53.920>year <00:25:54.020>every <00:25:54.120>time

00:25:55.030 --> 00:25:55.040 align:start position:0%
<00:25:55.030>And <00:25:55.031>this <00:25:55.032>happened <00:25:55.033>once <00:25:55.035>a <00:25:55.036>year <00:25:55.037>every <00:25:55.039>time

00:25:55.040 --> 00:25:57.990 align:start position:0%
<00:25:55.040>And <00:25:55.180>this <00:25:55.320>happened <00:25:55.460>once <00:25:55.600>a <00:25:55.740>year <00:25:55.879>every <00:25:56.020>time <00:25:56.159>so <00:25:56.300>far. <00:25:56.440>Um

00:25:57.990 --> 00:25:58.000 align:start position:0%
<00:25:57.990>so <00:25:57.994>far. <00:25:57.999>Um

00:25:58.000 --> 00:25:59.910 align:start position:0%
<00:25:58.000>so <00:25:58.200>far. <00:25:58.400>Um <00:25:58.600>We <00:25:58.800>have <00:25:59.000>something <00:25:59.200>to <00:25:59.400>touch.

00:25:59.910 --> 00:25:59.920 align:start position:0%
<00:25:59.910>We <00:25:59.912>have <00:25:59.914>something <00:25:59.916>to <00:25:59.919>touch.

00:25:59.920 --> 00:26:03.390 align:start position:0%
<00:25:59.920>We <00:26:00.060>have <00:26:00.200>something <00:26:00.340>to <00:26:00.480>touch. <00:26:00.620>Um <00:26:00.760>Leibniz <00:26:00.900>Rechenzentrum <00:26:01.040>in <00:26:01.180>Munich <00:26:01.320>LRZ

00:26:03.390 --> 00:26:03.400 align:start position:0%
<00:26:03.390>Um <00:26:03.391>Leibniz <00:26:03.393>Rechenzentrum <00:26:03.395>in <00:26:03.397>Munich <00:26:03.399>LRZ

00:26:03.400 --> 00:26:06.750 align:start position:0%
<00:26:03.400>Um <00:26:03.507>Leibniz <00:26:03.615>Rechenzentrum <00:26:03.723>in <00:26:03.830>Munich <00:26:03.938>LRZ <00:26:04.046>um <00:26:04.153>has <00:26:04.261>a <00:26:04.369>few <00:26:04.476>devices. <00:26:04.584>Jülich <00:26:04.692>has <00:26:04.800>some

00:26:06.750 --> 00:26:06.760 align:start position:0%
<00:26:06.750>um <00:26:06.751>has <00:26:06.752>a <00:26:06.753>few <00:26:06.755>devices. <00:26:06.756>Jülich <00:26:06.757>has <00:26:06.759>some

00:26:06.760 --> 00:26:09.830 align:start position:0%
<00:26:06.760>um <00:26:06.915>has <00:26:07.071>a <00:26:07.226>few <00:26:07.382>devices. <00:26:07.537>Jülich <00:26:07.693>has <00:26:07.848>some <00:26:08.004>um <00:26:08.160>Ionos

00:26:09.830 --> 00:26:09.840 align:start position:0%
<00:26:09.830>um <00:26:09.839>Ionos

00:26:09.840 --> 00:26:11.830 align:start position:0%
<00:26:09.840>um <00:26:10.040>Ionos <00:26:10.240>coming <00:26:10.439>soon. <00:26:10.639>Coming <00:26:10.840>very <00:26:11.040>soon. <00:26:11.240>It's

00:26:11.830 --> 00:26:11.840 align:start position:0%
<00:26:11.830>coming <00:26:11.831>soon. <00:26:11.833>Coming <00:26:11.835>very <00:26:11.837>soon. <00:26:11.839>It's

00:26:11.840 --> 00:26:15.070 align:start position:0%
<00:26:11.840>coming <00:26:11.980>soon. <00:26:12.120>Coming <00:26:12.260>very <00:26:12.399>soon. <00:26:12.540>It's <00:26:12.679>publicly <00:26:12.820>announced. <00:26:12.959>Also <00:26:13.100>coming <00:26:13.240>soon,

00:26:15.070 --> 00:26:15.080 align:start position:0%
<00:26:15.070>publicly <00:26:15.072>announced. <00:26:15.074>Also <00:26:15.076>coming <00:26:15.079>soon,

00:26:15.080 --> 00:26:17.870 align:start position:0%
<00:26:15.080>publicly <00:26:15.187>announced. <00:26:15.295>Also <00:26:15.403>coming <00:26:15.510>soon, <00:26:15.618>we <00:26:15.726>will <00:26:15.833>have <00:26:15.941>an <00:26:16.049>SDK <00:26:16.156>in <00:26:16.264>the <00:26:16.372>open <00:26:16.480>source

00:26:17.870 --> 00:26:17.880 align:start position:0%
<00:26:17.870>we <00:26:17.871>will <00:26:17.872>have <00:26:17.873>an <00:26:17.874>SDK <00:26:17.875>in <00:26:17.876>the <00:26:17.877>open <00:26:17.879>source

00:26:17.880 --> 00:26:19.590 align:start position:0%
<00:26:17.880>we <00:26:17.962>will <00:26:18.044>have <00:26:18.127>an <00:26:18.209>SDK <00:26:18.291>in <00:26:18.374>the <00:26:18.456>open <00:26:18.538>source <00:26:18.621>so <00:26:18.703>you <00:26:18.785>can <00:26:18.868>play <00:26:18.950>with <00:26:19.032>it. <00:26:19.115>You <00:26:19.197>can <00:26:19.280>even

00:26:19.590 --> 00:26:19.600 align:start position:0%
<00:26:19.590>so <00:26:19.591>you <00:26:19.592>can <00:26:19.593>play <00:26:19.594>with <00:26:19.595>it. <00:26:19.596>You <00:26:19.597>can <00:26:19.599>even

00:26:19.600 --> 00:26:21.230 align:start position:0%
<00:26:19.600>so <00:26:19.687>you <00:26:19.774>can <00:26:19.862>play <00:26:19.949>with <00:26:20.037>it. <00:26:20.125>You <00:26:20.212>can <00:26:20.300>even <00:26:20.387>play <00:26:20.475>with <00:26:20.562>that <00:26:20.649>on <00:26:20.737>your <00:26:20.824>laptop <00:26:20.912>because <00:26:21.000>we

00:26:21.230 --> 00:26:21.240 align:start position:0%
<00:26:21.230>play <00:26:21.231>with <00:26:21.232>that <00:26:21.233>on <00:26:21.235>your <00:26:21.236>laptop <00:26:21.237>because <00:26:21.239>we

00:26:21.240 --> 00:26:23.350 align:start position:0%
<00:26:21.240>play <00:26:21.340>with <00:26:21.440>that <00:26:21.540>on <00:26:21.640>your <00:26:21.740>laptop <00:26:21.840>because <00:26:21.940>we <00:26:22.040>have <00:26:22.140>a <00:26:22.240>software <00:26:22.340>like <00:26:22.440>emulation <00:26:22.540>of <00:26:22.640>the

00:26:23.350 --> 00:26:23.360 align:start position:0%
<00:26:23.350>have <00:26:23.351>a <00:26:23.352>software <00:26:23.354>like <00:26:23.356>emulation <00:26:23.357>of <00:26:23.359>the

00:26:23.360 --> 00:26:24.630 align:start position:0%
<00:26:23.360>have <00:26:23.523>a <00:26:23.686>software <00:26:23.849>like <00:26:24.013>emulation <00:26:24.176>of <00:26:24.339>the <00:26:24.503>thing.

00:26:24.630 --> 00:26:24.640 align:start position:0%
thing.

00:26:24.640 --> 00:26:27.230 align:start position:0%
<00:26:24.640>thing. <00:26:25.340>Um <00:26:26.040>so,

00:26:27.230 --> 00:26:27.240 align:start position:0%
<00:26:27.230>Um <00:26:27.239>so,

00:26:27.240 --> 00:26:30.150 align:start position:0%
<00:26:27.240>Um <00:26:27.380>so, <00:26:27.520>you <00:26:27.660>can <00:26:27.800>also <00:26:27.940>like <00:26:28.080>if <00:26:28.220>you <00:26:28.360>say <00:26:28.500>this <00:26:28.640>is

00:26:30.150 --> 00:26:30.160 align:start position:0%
<00:26:30.150>you <00:26:30.151>can <00:26:30.152>also <00:26:30.153>like <00:26:30.154>if <00:26:30.155>you <00:26:30.156>say <00:26:30.157>this <00:26:30.159>is

00:26:30.160 --> 00:26:33.710 align:start position:0%
<00:26:30.160>you <00:26:30.247>can <00:26:30.335>also <00:26:30.422>like <00:26:30.510>if <00:26:30.597>you <00:26:30.685>say <00:26:30.772>this <00:26:30.860>is <00:26:30.947>really <00:26:31.035>cool <00:26:31.122>and <00:26:31.210>I <00:26:31.297>can <00:26:31.385>confirm <00:26:31.472>it <00:26:31.560>is,

00:26:33.710 --> 00:26:33.720 align:start position:0%
<00:26:33.710>really <00:26:33.711>cool <00:26:33.712>and <00:26:33.713>I <00:26:33.715>can <00:26:33.716>confirm <00:26:33.717>it <00:26:33.719>is,

00:26:33.720 --> 00:26:35.870 align:start position:0%
<00:26:33.720>really <00:26:33.820>cool <00:26:33.920>and <00:26:34.020>I <00:26:34.120>can <00:26:34.220>confirm <00:26:34.320>it <00:26:34.420>is, <00:26:34.520>we <00:26:34.620>have <00:26:34.720>a <00:26:34.820>nice <00:26:34.920>website <00:26:35.020>website. <00:26:35.120>The

00:26:35.870 --> 00:26:35.880 align:start position:0%
<00:26:35.870>we <00:26:35.871>have <00:26:35.873>a <00:26:35.874>nice <00:26:35.876>website <00:26:35.877>website. <00:26:35.879>The

00:26:35.880 --> 00:26:38.230 align:start position:0%
<00:26:35.880>we <00:26:36.020>have <00:26:36.160>a <00:26:36.300>nice <00:26:36.440>website <00:26:36.580>website. <00:26:36.720>The <00:26:36.860>whole <00:26:37.000>website <00:26:37.140>is <00:26:37.280>quantinuum.com/career.

00:26:38.230 --> 00:26:38.240 align:start position:0%
<00:26:38.230>whole <00:26:38.233>website <00:26:38.236>is <00:26:38.239>quantinuum.com/career.

00:26:38.240 --> 00:26:39.590 align:start position:0%
<00:26:38.240>whole <00:26:38.361>website <00:26:38.483>is <00:26:38.604>quantinuum.com/career. <00:26:38.726>So, <00:26:38.847>that's <00:26:38.969>what <00:26:39.090>you <00:26:39.212>start <00:26:39.333>looking <00:26:39.455>at,

00:26:39.590 --> 00:26:39.600 align:start position:0%
<00:26:39.590>So, <00:26:39.591>that's <00:26:39.592>what <00:26:39.594>you <00:26:39.596>start <00:26:39.597>looking <00:26:39.599>at,

00:26:39.600 --> 00:26:40.550 align:start position:0%
<00:26:39.600>So, <00:26:39.722>that's <00:26:39.844>what <00:26:39.966>you <00:26:40.088>start <00:26:40.210>looking <00:26:40.332>at, <00:26:40.455>please.

00:26:40.550 --> 00:26:40.560 align:start position:0%
please.

00:26:40.560 --> 00:26:41.550 align:start position:0%
<00:26:40.560>please. <00:26:41.451>Um

00:26:41.550 --> 00:26:41.560 align:start position:0%
Um

00:26:41.560 --> 00:26:43.670 align:start position:0%
<00:26:41.560>Um <00:26:41.793>few <00:26:42.026>software <00:26:42.260>roles <00:26:42.493>open <00:26:42.726>for <00:26:42.960>for

00:26:43.670 --> 00:26:43.680 align:start position:0%
<00:26:43.670>few <00:26:43.671>software <00:26:43.673>roles <00:26:43.675>open <00:26:43.677>for <00:26:43.679>for

00:26:43.680 --> 00:26:45.750 align:start position:0%
<00:26:43.680>few <00:26:43.807>software <00:26:43.934>roles <00:26:44.061>open <00:26:44.189>for <00:26:44.316>for <00:26:44.443>developers. <00:26:44.570>Um <00:26:44.698>there's <00:26:44.825>also <00:26:44.952>some <00:26:45.080>white

00:26:45.750 --> 00:26:45.760 align:start position:0%
<00:26:45.750>developers. <00:26:45.751>Um <00:26:45.753>there's <00:26:45.755>also <00:26:45.757>some <00:26:45.759>white

00:26:45.760 --> 00:26:46.950 align:start position:0%
<00:26:45.760>developers. <00:26:45.913>Um <00:26:46.066>there's <00:26:46.219>also <00:26:46.372>some <00:26:46.525>white <00:26:46.678>paper <00:26:46.831>uh

00:26:46.950 --> 00:26:46.960 align:start position:0%
<00:26:46.950>paper <00:26:46.959>uh

00:26:46.960 --> 00:26:48.790 align:start position:0%
<00:26:46.960>paper <00:26:47.160>uh <00:26:47.360>providing <00:26:47.560>more <00:26:47.760>details <00:26:47.960>on <00:26:48.160>the <00:26:48.360>examples

00:26:48.790 --> 00:26:48.800 align:start position:0%
<00:26:48.790>providing <00:26:48.791>more <00:26:48.793>details <00:26:48.795>on <00:26:48.797>the <00:26:48.799>examples

00:26:48.800 --> 00:26:50.910 align:start position:0%
<00:26:48.800>providing <00:26:48.940>more <00:26:49.080>details <00:26:49.220>on <00:26:49.360>the <00:26:49.500>examples <00:26:49.639>that <00:26:49.780>we've <00:26:49.919>talked <00:26:50.060>about <00:26:50.200>today.

00:26:50.910 --> 00:26:50.920 align:start position:0%
<00:26:50.910>that <00:26:50.912>we've <00:26:50.914>talked <00:26:50.916>about <00:26:50.919>today.

00:26:50.920 --> 00:26:53.990 align:start position:0%
<00:26:50.920>that <00:26:51.047>we've <00:26:51.174>talked <00:26:51.301>about <00:26:51.429>today. <00:26:51.556>So, <00:26:51.683>with <00:26:51.810>that, <00:26:51.938>just <00:26:52.065>wrapping <00:26:52.192>up, <00:26:52.320>um

00:26:53.990 --> 00:26:54.000 align:start position:0%
<00:26:53.990>So, <00:26:53.991>with <00:26:53.993>that, <00:26:53.994>just <00:26:53.996>wrapping <00:26:53.997>up, <00:26:53.999>um

00:26:54.000 --> 00:26:56.150 align:start position:0%
<00:26:54.000>So, <00:26:54.107>with <00:26:54.215>that, <00:26:54.323>just <00:26:54.430>wrapping <00:26:54.538>up, <00:26:54.646>um <00:26:54.753>we <00:26:54.861>leave <00:26:54.969>some <00:26:55.076>time <00:26:55.184>for <00:26:55.292>questions. <00:26:55.400>That

00:26:56.150 --> 00:26:56.160 align:start position:0%
<00:26:56.150>we <00:26:56.151>leave <00:26:56.153>some <00:26:56.154>time <00:26:56.156>for <00:26:56.157>questions. <00:26:56.159>That

00:26:56.160 --> 00:26:57.630 align:start position:0%
<00:26:56.160>we <00:26:56.325>leave <00:26:56.490>some <00:26:56.656>time <00:26:56.821>for <00:26:56.986>questions. <00:26:57.152>That <00:26:57.317>was <00:26:57.483>the

00:26:57.630 --> 00:26:57.640 align:start position:0%
<00:26:57.630>was <00:26:57.639>the

00:26:57.640 --> 00:27:04.710 align:start position:0%
<00:26:57.640>was <00:26:57.840>the <00:26:58.040>presentation <00:26:58.240>part. <00:26:58.440>THANK <00:26:58.640>YOU <00:26:58.840>VERY <00:26:59.040>MUCH.

00:27:04.720 --> 00:27:06.630 align:start position:0%
<00:27:04.720>&gt;&gt; <00:27:04.875>COOL. <00:27:05.031>THANK <00:27:05.186>YOU. <00:27:05.342>FIRST <00:27:05.497>OF <00:27:05.653>ALL, <00:27:05.808>I <00:27:05.964>HAVE <00:27:06.120>TO

00:27:06.630 --> 00:27:06.640 align:start position:0%
<00:27:06.630>&gt;&gt; <00:27:06.631>COOL. <00:27:06.632>THANK <00:27:06.633>YOU. <00:27:06.634>FIRST <00:27:06.635>OF <00:27:06.636>ALL, <00:27:06.637>I <00:27:06.638>HAVE <00:27:06.639>TO

00:27:06.640 --> 00:27:08.110 align:start position:0%
<00:27:06.640>&gt;&gt; <00:27:06.717>COOL. <00:27:06.795>THANK <00:27:06.873>YOU. <00:27:06.951>FIRST <00:27:07.029>OF <00:27:07.106>ALL, <00:27:07.184>I <00:27:07.262>HAVE <00:27:07.340>TO <00:27:07.418>ASK <00:27:07.496>A <00:27:07.573>mean <00:27:07.651>question. <00:27:07.729>You <00:27:07.807>said <00:27:07.885>you're <00:27:07.963>the

00:27:08.110 --> 00:27:08.120 align:start position:0%
<00:27:08.110>ASK <00:27:08.111>A <00:27:08.112>mean <00:27:08.113>question. <00:27:08.115>You <00:27:08.116>said <00:27:08.117>you're <00:27:08.119>the

00:27:08.120 --> 00:27:09.510 align:start position:0%
<00:27:08.120>ASK <00:27:08.216>A <00:27:08.312>mean <00:27:08.408>question. <00:27:08.504>You <00:27:08.601>said <00:27:08.697>you're <00:27:08.793>the <00:27:08.889>startup <00:27:08.986>with <00:27:09.082>a <00:27:09.178>hardware. <00:27:09.274>Where's <00:27:09.371>the

00:27:09.510 --> 00:27:09.520 align:start position:0%
<00:27:09.510>startup <00:27:09.511>with <00:27:09.513>a <00:27:09.515>hardware. <00:27:09.517>Where's <00:27:09.519>the

00:27:09.520 --> 00:27:10.790 align:start position:0%
<00:27:09.520>startup <00:27:09.710>with <00:27:09.901>a <00:27:10.091>hardware. <00:27:10.282>Where's <00:27:10.472>the <00:27:10.663>hardware?

00:27:10.790 --> 00:27:10.800 align:start position:0%
hardware?

00:27:10.800 --> 00:27:13.590 align:start position:0%
<00:27:10.800>hardware? <00:27:10.955>&gt;&gt; <00:27:11.111>Yes, <00:27:11.266>uh <00:27:11.422>we <00:27:11.577>should <00:27:11.733>have <00:27:11.888>brought <00:27:12.044>um <00:27:12.200>a

00:27:13.590 --> 00:27:13.600 align:start position:0%
<00:27:13.590>&gt;&gt; <00:27:13.591>Yes, <00:27:13.592>uh <00:27:13.593>we <00:27:13.594>should <00:27:13.595>have <00:27:13.596>brought <00:27:13.597>um <00:27:13.599>a

00:27:13.600 --> 00:27:15.750 align:start position:0%
<00:27:13.600>&gt;&gt; <00:27:13.687>Yes, <00:27:13.774>uh <00:27:13.862>we <00:27:13.949>should <00:27:14.037>have <00:27:14.125>brought <00:27:14.212>um <00:27:14.300>a <00:27:14.387>device <00:27:14.475>with <00:27:14.562>us. <00:27:14.649>That <00:27:14.737>That <00:27:14.824>was <00:27:14.912>like, <00:27:15.000>oh

00:27:15.750 --> 00:27:15.760 align:start position:0%
<00:27:15.750>device <00:27:15.751>with <00:27:15.752>us. <00:27:15.753>That <00:27:15.755>That <00:27:15.756>was <00:27:15.757>like, <00:27:15.759>oh

00:27:15.760 --> 00:27:18.870 align:start position:0%
<00:27:15.760>device <00:27:15.935>with <00:27:16.110>us. <00:27:16.285>That <00:27:16.460>That <00:27:16.635>was <00:27:16.810>like, <00:27:16.985>oh <00:27:17.160>yeah.

00:27:18.880 --> 00:27:19.310 align:start position:0%
Yeah.

00:27:19.310 --> 00:27:19.320 align:start position:0%
Yeah.

00:27:19.320 --> 00:27:20.950 align:start position:0%
<00:27:19.320>Yeah. <00:27:19.786>&gt;&gt; <00:27:20.253>Yeah. <00:27:20.720>Yeah.

00:27:20.950 --> 00:27:20.960 align:start position:0%
<00:27:20.950>&gt;&gt; <00:27:20.954>Yeah. <00:27:20.959>Yeah.

00:27:20.960 --> 00:27:22.550 align:start position:0%
<00:27:20.960>&gt;&gt; <00:27:21.100>Yeah. <00:27:21.240>Yeah. <00:27:21.380>&gt;&gt; <00:27:21.520>Good <00:27:21.660>question. <00:27:21.800>So, <00:27:21.940>the <00:27:22.080>first <00:27:22.220>one <00:27:22.360>is

00:27:22.550 --> 00:27:22.560 align:start position:0%
<00:27:22.550>&gt;&gt; <00:27:22.551>Good <00:27:22.552>question. <00:27:22.553>So, <00:27:22.555>the <00:27:22.556>first <00:27:22.557>one <00:27:22.559>is

00:27:22.560 --> 00:27:25.510 align:start position:0%
<00:27:22.560>&gt;&gt; <00:27:22.653>Good <00:27:22.746>question. <00:27:22.840>So, <00:27:22.933>the <00:27:23.026>first <00:27:23.120>one <00:27:23.213>is <00:27:23.306>basically <00:27:23.399>if <00:27:23.493>you <00:27:23.586>need <00:27:23.679>to <00:27:23.773>use <00:27:23.866>DA <00:27:23.960>as

00:27:25.510 --> 00:27:25.520 align:start position:0%
<00:27:25.510>basically <00:27:25.511>if <00:27:25.512>you <00:27:25.513>need <00:27:25.515>to <00:27:25.516>use <00:27:25.517>DA <00:27:25.519>as

00:27:25.520 --> 00:27:27.590 align:start position:0%
<00:27:25.520>basically <00:27:25.695>if <00:27:25.870>you <00:27:26.045>need <00:27:26.220>to <00:27:26.395>use <00:27:26.570>DA <00:27:26.745>as <00:27:26.920>DAC

00:27:27.590 --> 00:27:27.600 align:start position:0%
DAC

00:27:27.600 --> 00:27:31.830 align:start position:0%
<00:27:27.600>DAC <00:27:27.755>and <00:27:27.911>ADC, <00:27:28.066>how <00:27:28.222>is <00:27:28.377>the <00:27:28.533>impact <00:27:28.688>of <00:27:28.844>the <00:27:29.000>noise?

00:27:31.830 --> 00:27:31.840 align:start position:0%
<00:27:31.830>and <00:27:31.831>ADC, <00:27:31.832>how <00:27:31.833>is <00:27:31.834>the <00:27:31.835>impact <00:27:31.836>of <00:27:31.837>the <00:27:31.839>noise?

00:27:31.840 --> 00:27:34.150 align:start position:0%
<00:27:31.840>and <00:27:31.922>ADC, <00:27:32.004>how <00:27:32.087>is <00:27:32.169>the <00:27:32.251>impact <00:27:32.334>of <00:27:32.416>the <00:27:32.498>noise? <00:27:32.581>&gt;&gt; <00:27:32.663>Noise, <00:27:32.745>um <00:27:32.828>depends <00:27:32.910>on <00:27:32.992>the <00:27:33.075>quality <00:27:33.157>of <00:27:33.240>the

00:27:34.150 --> 00:27:34.160 align:start position:0%
<00:27:34.150>&gt;&gt; <00:27:34.151>Noise, <00:27:34.152>um <00:27:34.153>depends <00:27:34.154>on <00:27:34.155>the <00:27:34.156>quality <00:27:34.157>of <00:27:34.159>the

00:27:34.160 --> 00:27:36.710 align:start position:0%
<00:27:34.160>&gt;&gt; <00:27:34.276>Noise, <00:27:34.393>um <00:27:34.510>depends <00:27:34.626>on <00:27:34.743>the <00:27:34.860>quality <00:27:34.976>of <00:27:35.093>the <00:27:35.210>ADCs <00:27:35.326>and <00:27:35.443>and <00:27:35.560>DACs.

00:27:36.710 --> 00:27:36.720 align:start position:0%
<00:27:36.710>ADCs <00:27:36.713>and <00:27:36.716>and <00:27:36.719>DACs.

00:27:36.720 --> 00:27:38.350 align:start position:0%
<00:27:36.720>ADCs <00:27:37.070>and <00:27:37.420>and <00:27:37.770>DACs. <00:27:38.120>Um

00:27:38.350 --> 00:27:38.360 align:start position:0%
Um

00:27:38.360 --> 00:27:41.150 align:start position:0%
<00:27:38.360>Um <00:27:38.593>you <00:27:38.826>you <00:27:39.060>need <00:27:39.293>good <00:27:39.526>good <00:27:39.760>um

00:27:41.150 --> 00:27:41.160 align:start position:0%
<00:27:41.150>you <00:27:41.151>you <00:27:41.153>need <00:27:41.155>good <00:27:41.157>good <00:27:41.159>um

00:27:41.160 --> 00:27:43.830 align:start position:0%
<00:27:41.160>you <00:27:41.287>you <00:27:41.414>need <00:27:41.541>good <00:27:41.669>good <00:27:41.796>um <00:27:41.923>DACs <00:27:42.050>and <00:27:42.178>ADCs, <00:27:42.305>specifically <00:27:42.432>ADCs, <00:27:42.560>to

00:27:43.830 --> 00:27:43.840 align:start position:0%
<00:27:43.830>DACs <00:27:43.831>and <00:27:43.833>ADCs, <00:27:43.835>specifically <00:27:43.837>ADCs, <00:27:43.839>to

00:27:43.840 --> 00:27:46.430 align:start position:0%
<00:27:43.840>DACs <00:27:43.956>and <00:27:44.073>ADCs, <00:27:44.189>specifically <00:27:44.306>ADCs, <00:27:44.423>to <00:27:44.540>have <00:27:44.656>noise <00:27:44.773>under <00:27:44.889>control. <00:27:45.006>The <00:27:45.123>Once <00:27:45.240>you

00:27:46.430 --> 00:27:46.440 align:start position:0%
<00:27:46.430>have <00:27:46.431>noise <00:27:46.433>under <00:27:46.434>control. <00:27:46.436>The <00:27:46.437>Once <00:27:46.439>you

00:27:46.440 --> 00:27:48.830 align:start position:0%
<00:27:46.440>have <00:27:46.540>noise <00:27:46.640>under <00:27:46.740>control. <00:27:46.840>The <00:27:46.940>Once <00:27:47.040>you <00:27:47.140>you <00:27:47.240>are <00:27:47.340>past <00:27:47.440>that <00:27:47.540>in <00:27:47.640>the <00:27:47.740>optical <00:27:47.840>domain,

00:27:48.830 --> 00:27:48.840 align:start position:0%
<00:27:48.830>you <00:27:48.831>are <00:27:48.832>past <00:27:48.833>that <00:27:48.835>in <00:27:48.836>the <00:27:48.837>optical <00:27:48.839>domain,

00:27:48.840 --> 00:27:50.510 align:start position:0%
<00:27:48.840>you <00:27:48.947>are <00:27:49.055>past <00:27:49.163>that <00:27:49.270>in <00:27:49.378>the <00:27:49.486>optical <00:27:49.593>domain, <00:27:49.701>it's <00:27:49.809>super <00:27:49.916>precise. <00:27:50.024>So, <00:27:50.132>we're <00:27:50.240>not

00:27:50.510 --> 00:27:50.520 align:start position:0%
<00:27:50.510>it's <00:27:50.511>super <00:27:50.513>precise. <00:27:50.515>So, <00:27:50.517>we're <00:27:50.519>not

00:27:50.520 --> 00:27:53.750 align:start position:0%
<00:27:50.520>it's <00:27:50.636>super <00:27:50.753>precise. <00:27:50.870>So, <00:27:50.986>we're <00:27:51.103>not <00:27:51.220>concerned <00:27:51.336>about <00:27:51.453>that. <00:27:51.570>We <00:27:51.686>run <00:27:51.803>on <00:27:51.920>BFloat16

00:27:53.750 --> 00:27:53.760 align:start position:0%
<00:27:53.750>concerned <00:27:53.751>about <00:27:53.753>that. <00:27:53.754>We <00:27:53.756>run <00:27:53.757>on <00:27:53.759>BFloat16

00:27:53.760 --> 00:27:57.190 align:start position:0%
<00:27:53.760>concerned <00:27:53.853>about <00:27:53.946>that. <00:27:54.040>We <00:27:54.133>run <00:27:54.226>on <00:27:54.320>BFloat16 <00:27:54.413>as <00:27:54.506>a <00:27:54.600>data <00:27:54.693>type, <00:27:54.786>and <00:27:54.879>for <00:27:54.973>that <00:27:55.066>accuracy <00:27:55.160>is

00:27:57.190 --> 00:27:57.200 align:start position:0%
<00:27:57.190>as <00:27:57.191>a <00:27:57.192>data <00:27:57.193>type, <00:27:57.194>and <00:27:57.195>for <00:27:57.196>that <00:27:57.197>accuracy <00:27:57.199>is

00:27:57.200 --> 00:27:58.910 align:start position:0%
<00:27:57.200>as <00:27:57.287>a <00:27:57.375>data <00:27:57.462>type, <00:27:57.550>and <00:27:57.637>for <00:27:57.725>that <00:27:57.812>accuracy <00:27:57.900>is <00:27:57.987>is <00:27:58.075>quite <00:27:58.162>good. <00:27:58.250>We <00:27:58.337>can <00:27:58.425>run <00:27:58.512>all <00:27:58.600>the

00:27:58.910 --> 00:27:58.920 align:start position:0%
<00:27:58.910>is <00:27:58.911>quite <00:27:58.912>good. <00:27:58.913>We <00:27:58.915>can <00:27:58.916>run <00:27:58.917>all <00:27:58.919>the

00:27:58.920 --> 00:28:01.990 align:start position:0%
<00:27:58.920>is <00:27:59.013>quite <00:27:59.106>good. <00:27:59.200>We <00:27:59.293>can <00:27:59.386>run <00:27:59.480>all <00:27:59.573>the <00:27:59.666>models. <00:27:59.760>So, <00:27:59.853>this <00:27:59.946>this <00:28:00.040>uh <00:28:00.133>works <00:28:00.226>out <00:28:00.320>fine.

00:28:01.990 --> 00:28:02.000 align:start position:0%
<00:28:01.990>models. <00:28:01.991>So, <00:28:01.992>this <00:28:01.993>this <00:28:01.995>uh <00:28:01.996>works <00:28:01.997>out <00:28:01.999>fine.

00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:04.510 align:start position:0%
<00:28:02.000>models. <00:28:02.087>So, <00:28:02.175>this <00:28:02.262>this <00:28:02.350>uh <00:28:02.437>works <00:28:02.525>out <00:28:02.612>fine. <00:28:02.700>The <00:28:02.787>number <00:28:02.875>of <00:28:02.962>bits <00:28:03.050>that <00:28:03.137>we <00:28:03.225>use <00:28:03.312>is <00:28:03.400>good

00:28:04.510 --> 00:28:04.520 align:start position:0%
<00:28:04.510>The <00:28:04.511>number <00:28:04.512>of <00:28:04.513>bits <00:28:04.514>that <00:28:04.515>we <00:28:04.516>use <00:28:04.517>is <00:28:04.519>good

00:28:04.520 --> 00:28:06.750 align:start position:0%
<00:28:04.520>The <00:28:04.660>number <00:28:04.800>of <00:28:04.940>bits <00:28:05.080>that <00:28:05.220>we <00:28:05.360>use <00:28:05.500>is <00:28:05.639>good <00:28:05.780>for <00:28:05.920>BFloat16.

00:28:06.750 --> 00:28:06.760 align:start position:0%
<00:28:06.750>for <00:28:06.759>BFloat16.

00:28:06.760 --> 00:28:08.110 align:start position:0%
<00:28:06.760>for <00:28:06.895>BFloat16. <00:28:07.030>&gt;&gt; <00:28:07.165>There's <00:28:07.300>one <00:28:07.435>more <00:28:07.570>question <00:28:07.705>which <00:28:07.840>I <00:28:07.975>find

00:28:08.110 --> 00:28:08.120 align:start position:0%
<00:28:08.110>&gt;&gt; <00:28:08.111>There's <00:28:08.112>one <00:28:08.113>more <00:28:08.115>question <00:28:08.116>which <00:28:08.117>I <00:28:08.119>find

00:28:08.120 --> 00:28:10.590 align:start position:0%
<00:28:08.120>&gt;&gt; <00:28:08.260>There's <00:28:08.399>one <00:28:08.540>more <00:28:08.679>question <00:28:08.820>which <00:28:08.959>I <00:28:09.100>find <00:28:09.239>really <00:28:09.379>interesting. <00:28:09.520>So,

00:28:10.590 --> 00:28:10.600 align:start position:0%
<00:28:10.590>really <00:28:10.594>interesting. <00:28:10.599>So,

00:28:10.600 --> 00:28:13.310 align:start position:0%
<00:28:10.600>really <00:28:10.755>interesting. <00:28:10.911>So, <00:28:11.066>the <00:28:11.222>question <00:28:11.377>is <00:28:11.533>is <00:28:11.688>this <00:28:11.844>technology <00:28:12.000>being

00:28:13.310 --> 00:28:13.320 align:start position:0%
<00:28:13.310>the <00:28:13.311>question <00:28:13.312>is <00:28:13.314>is <00:28:13.316>this <00:28:13.317>technology <00:28:13.319>being

00:28:13.320 --> 00:28:15.670 align:start position:0%
<00:28:13.320>the <00:28:13.419>question <00:28:13.520>is <00:28:13.620>is <00:28:13.720>this <00:28:13.820>technology <00:28:13.919>being <00:28:14.020>built <00:28:14.120>up <00:28:14.220>on <00:28:14.320>the <00:28:14.419>foundation <00:28:14.520>of <00:28:14.620>old <00:28:14.720>analog

00:28:15.670 --> 00:28:15.680 align:start position:0%
<00:28:15.670>built <00:28:15.671>up <00:28:15.672>on <00:28:15.673>the <00:28:15.675>foundation <00:28:15.676>of <00:28:15.677>old <00:28:15.679>analog

00:28:15.680 --> 00:28:18.150 align:start position:0%
<00:28:15.680>built <00:28:15.780>up <00:28:15.880>on <00:28:15.980>the <00:28:16.080>foundation <00:28:16.180>of <00:28:16.280>old <00:28:16.380>analog <00:28:16.480>computers? <00:28:16.580>Yeah, <00:28:16.680>like <00:28:16.780>the <00:28:16.880>World <00:28:16.980>War <00:28:17.080>II

00:28:18.150 --> 00:28:18.160 align:start position:0%
<00:28:18.150>computers? <00:28:18.151>Yeah, <00:28:18.153>like <00:28:18.154>the <00:28:18.156>World <00:28:18.157>War <00:28:18.159>II

00:28:18.160 --> 00:28:20.830 align:start position:0%
<00:28:18.160>computers? <00:28:18.267>Yeah, <00:28:18.375>like <00:28:18.483>the <00:28:18.590>World <00:28:18.698>War <00:28:18.806>II <00:28:18.913>military <00:28:19.021>analog <00:28:19.129>computers. <00:28:19.236>Or <00:28:19.344>is <00:28:19.452>it <00:28:19.560>Or

00:28:20.830 --> 00:28:20.840 align:start position:0%
<00:28:20.830>military <00:28:20.831>analog <00:28:20.832>computers. <00:28:20.834>Or <00:28:20.836>is <00:28:20.837>it <00:28:20.839>Or

00:28:20.840 --> 00:28:22.270 align:start position:0%
<00:28:20.840>military <00:28:20.947>analog <00:28:21.054>computers. <00:28:21.161>Or <00:28:21.269>is <00:28:21.376>it <00:28:21.483>Or <00:28:21.590>is <00:28:21.697>it <00:28:21.805>the <00:28:21.912>foundation <00:28:22.019>developed <00:28:22.127>from

00:28:22.270 --> 00:28:22.280 align:start position:0%
<00:28:22.270>is <00:28:22.271>it <00:28:22.273>the <00:28:22.275>foundation <00:28:22.277>developed <00:28:22.279>from

00:28:22.280 --> 00:28:24.870 align:start position:0%
<00:28:22.280>is <00:28:22.513>it <00:28:22.746>the <00:28:22.980>foundation <00:28:23.213>developed <00:28:23.446>from <00:28:23.680>scratch?

00:28:24.870 --> 00:28:24.880 align:start position:0%
scratch?

00:28:24.880 --> 00:28:27.350 align:start position:0%
<00:28:24.880>scratch? <00:28:25.035>&gt;&gt; <00:28:25.191>I <00:28:25.346>don't <00:28:25.502>know <00:28:25.657>about <00:28:25.813>World <00:28:25.968>War <00:28:26.124>II <00:28:26.280>analog

00:28:27.350 --> 00:28:27.360 align:start position:0%
<00:28:27.350>&gt;&gt; <00:28:27.351>I <00:28:27.352>don't <00:28:27.353>know <00:28:27.354>about <00:28:27.355>World <00:28:27.356>War <00:28:27.357>II <00:28:27.359>analog

00:28:27.360 --> 00:28:33.510 align:start position:0%
<00:28:27.360>&gt;&gt; <00:28:27.476>I <00:28:27.593>don't <00:28:27.709>know <00:28:27.826>about <00:28:27.943>World <00:28:28.060>War <00:28:28.176>II <00:28:28.293>analog <00:28:28.409>computers, <00:28:28.526>to <00:28:28.643>be <00:28:28.760>honest.

00:28:33.520 --> 00:28:38.230 align:start position:0%
Okay.

00:28:38.240 --> 00:28:40.790 align:start position:0%
<00:28:38.240>I <00:28:39.640>see.

00:28:40.800 --> 00:28:43.750 align:start position:0%
Yeah.

00:28:43.760 --> 00:28:45.510 align:start position:0%
<00:28:43.760>Okay. <00:28:44.040>Understand <00:28:44.320>better. <00:28:44.600>Thanks <00:28:44.879>for <00:28:45.160>the

00:28:45.510 --> 00:28:45.520 align:start position:0%
<00:28:45.510>Okay. <00:28:45.511>Understand <00:28:45.513>better. <00:28:45.515>Thanks <00:28:45.517>for <00:28:45.519>the

00:28:45.520 --> 00:28:48.030 align:start position:0%
<00:28:45.520>Okay. <00:28:45.627>Understand <00:28:45.735>better. <00:28:45.843>Thanks <00:28:45.950>for <00:28:46.058>the <00:28:46.166>context. <00:28:46.273>Um <00:28:46.381>I <00:28:46.489>would <00:28:46.596>say <00:28:46.704>in <00:28:46.812>that <00:28:46.920>case

00:28:48.030 --> 00:28:48.040 align:start position:0%
<00:28:48.030>context. <00:28:48.031>Um <00:28:48.032>I <00:28:48.033>would <00:28:48.035>say <00:28:48.036>in <00:28:48.037>that <00:28:48.039>case

00:28:48.040 --> 00:28:49.990 align:start position:0%
<00:28:48.040>context. <00:28:48.139>Um <00:28:48.240>I <00:28:48.340>would <00:28:48.440>say <00:28:48.540>in <00:28:48.639>that <00:28:48.740>case <00:28:48.840>it's <00:28:48.940>really <00:28:49.040>from <00:28:49.139>scratch. <00:28:49.240>So, <00:28:49.340>what <00:28:49.440>we

00:28:49.990 --> 00:28:50.000 align:start position:0%
<00:28:49.990>it's <00:28:49.991>really <00:28:49.993>from <00:28:49.994>scratch. <00:28:49.996>So, <00:28:49.997>what <00:28:49.999>we

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:52.270 align:start position:0%
<00:28:50.000>it's <00:28:50.140>really <00:28:50.280>from <00:28:50.420>scratch. <00:28:50.560>So, <00:28:50.700>what <00:28:50.840>we <00:28:50.980>started <00:28:51.120>is <00:28:51.260>actually <00:28:51.400>this

00:28:52.270 --> 00:28:52.280 align:start position:0%
<00:28:52.270>started <00:28:52.273>is <00:28:52.276>actually <00:28:52.279>this

00:28:52.280 --> 00:28:54.350 align:start position:0%
<00:28:52.280>started <00:28:52.420>is <00:28:52.560>actually <00:28:52.700>this <00:28:52.840>thin <00:28:52.980>film <00:28:53.120>lithium <00:28:53.260>niobate <00:28:53.399>layer <00:28:53.540>on <00:28:53.680>a

00:28:54.350 --> 00:28:54.360 align:start position:0%
<00:28:54.350>thin <00:28:54.351>film <00:28:54.352>lithium <00:28:54.354>niobate <00:28:54.356>layer <00:28:54.357>on <00:28:54.359>a

00:28:54.360 --> 00:28:57.070 align:start position:0%
<00:28:54.360>thin <00:28:54.453>film <00:28:54.546>lithium <00:28:54.639>niobate <00:28:54.733>layer <00:28:54.826>on <00:28:54.919>a <00:28:55.013>wafer <00:28:55.106>that <00:28:55.199>we <00:28:55.293>apply <00:28:55.386>and <00:28:55.479>that <00:28:55.573>we <00:28:55.666>etch <00:28:55.760>in

00:28:57.070 --> 00:28:57.080 align:start position:0%
<00:28:57.070>wafer <00:28:57.071>that <00:28:57.072>we <00:28:57.073>apply <00:28:57.074>and <00:28:57.075>that <00:28:57.076>we <00:28:57.077>etch <00:28:57.079>in

00:28:57.080 --> 00:28:59.510 align:start position:0%
<00:28:57.080>wafer <00:28:57.173>that <00:28:57.266>we <00:28:57.360>apply <00:28:57.453>and <00:28:57.546>that <00:28:57.639>we <00:28:57.733>etch <00:28:57.826>in <00:28:57.919>a <00:28:58.013>way <00:28:58.106>that <00:28:58.199>we <00:28:58.293>can <00:28:58.386>do <00:28:58.480>optical

00:28:59.510 --> 00:28:59.520 align:start position:0%
<00:28:59.510>a <00:28:59.511>way <00:28:59.513>that <00:28:59.514>we <00:28:59.516>can <00:28:59.517>do <00:28:59.519>optical

00:28:59.520 --> 00:29:01.510 align:start position:0%
<00:28:59.520>a <00:28:59.636>way <00:28:59.753>that <00:28:59.870>we <00:28:59.986>can <00:29:00.103>do <00:29:00.220>optical <00:29:00.336>operations. <00:29:00.453>And <00:29:00.570>that <00:29:00.686>is <00:29:00.803>actually <00:29:00.920>the

00:29:01.510 --> 00:29:01.520 align:start position:0%
<00:29:01.510>operations. <00:29:01.511>And <00:29:01.513>that <00:29:01.515>is <00:29:01.517>actually <00:29:01.519>the

00:29:01.520 --> 00:29:03.430 align:start position:0%
<00:29:01.520>operations. <00:29:01.627>And <00:29:01.735>that <00:29:01.843>is <00:29:01.950>actually <00:29:02.058>the <00:29:02.166>core. <00:29:02.273>So, <00:29:02.381>we <00:29:02.489>have <00:29:02.596>quite <00:29:02.704>a <00:29:02.812>few <00:29:02.920>photonic

00:29:03.430 --> 00:29:03.440 align:start position:0%
<00:29:03.430>core. <00:29:03.431>So, <00:29:03.432>we <00:29:03.433>have <00:29:03.435>quite <00:29:03.436>a <00:29:03.437>few <00:29:03.439>photonic

00:29:03.440 --> 00:29:05.310 align:start position:0%
<00:29:03.440>core. <00:29:03.556>So, <00:29:03.673>we <00:29:03.790>have <00:29:03.906>quite <00:29:04.023>a <00:29:04.140>few <00:29:04.256>photonic <00:29:04.373>designers <00:29:04.490>who <00:29:04.606>really <00:29:04.723>built <00:29:04.840>these

00:29:05.310 --> 00:29:05.320 align:start position:0%
<00:29:05.310>designers <00:29:05.312>who <00:29:05.314>really <00:29:05.316>built <00:29:05.319>these

00:29:05.320 --> 00:29:07.750 align:start position:0%
<00:29:05.320>designers <00:29:05.460>who <00:29:05.600>really <00:29:05.740>built <00:29:05.879>these <00:29:06.020>elements <00:29:06.159>to <00:29:06.300>get <00:29:06.439>to <00:29:06.580>a <00:29:06.720>Fourier

00:29:07.750 --> 00:29:07.760 align:start position:0%
<00:29:07.750>elements <00:29:07.751>to <00:29:07.753>get <00:29:07.755>to <00:29:07.757>a <00:29:07.759>Fourier

00:29:07.760 --> 00:29:10.150 align:start position:0%
<00:29:07.760>elements <00:29:07.876>to <00:29:07.993>get <00:29:08.110>to <00:29:08.226>a <00:29:08.343>Fourier <00:29:08.460>transformation <00:29:08.576>just <00:29:08.693>in <00:29:08.810>one <00:29:08.926>pass <00:29:09.043>as <00:29:09.160>an

00:29:10.150 --> 00:29:10.160 align:start position:0%
<00:29:10.150>transformation <00:29:10.151>just <00:29:10.153>in <00:29:10.154>one <00:29:10.156>pass <00:29:10.157>as <00:29:10.159>an

00:29:10.160 --> 00:29:11.150 align:start position:0%
<00:29:10.160>transformation <00:29:10.271>just <00:29:10.382>in <00:29:10.494>one <00:29:10.605>pass <00:29:10.716>as <00:29:10.828>an <00:29:10.939>optical <00:29:11.051>element.

00:29:11.150 --> 00:29:11.160 align:start position:0%
<00:29:11.150>optical <00:29:11.159>element.

00:29:11.160 --> 00:29:13.270 align:start position:0%
<00:29:11.160>optical <00:29:11.315>element. <00:29:11.471>&gt;&gt; <00:29:11.626>Yeah. <00:29:11.782>Thank <00:29:11.937>you, <00:29:12.093>everybody. <00:29:12.248>I <00:29:12.404>think <00:29:12.560>we

00:29:13.270 --> 00:29:13.280 align:start position:0%
<00:29:13.270>&gt;&gt; <00:29:13.271>Yeah. <00:29:13.272>Thank <00:29:13.273>you, <00:29:13.275>everybody. <00:29:13.276>I <00:29:13.277>think <00:29:13.279>we

00:29:13.280 --> 00:29:14.670 align:start position:0%
<00:29:13.280>&gt;&gt; <00:29:13.358>Yeah. <00:29:13.436>Thank <00:29:13.514>you, <00:29:13.592>everybody. <00:29:13.670>I <00:29:13.749>think <00:29:13.827>we <00:29:13.905>are <00:29:13.983>sadly <00:29:14.061>out <00:29:14.140>of <00:29:14.218>time. <00:29:14.296>There <00:29:14.374>are <00:29:14.452>a <00:29:14.531>few

00:29:14.670 --> 00:29:14.680 align:start position:0%
<00:29:14.670>are <00:29:14.671>sadly <00:29:14.672>out <00:29:14.673>of <00:29:14.674>time. <00:29:14.675>There <00:29:14.676>are <00:29:14.677>a <00:29:14.679>few

00:29:14.680 --> 00:29:17.270 align:start position:0%
<00:29:14.680>are <00:29:14.773>sadly <00:29:14.866>out <00:29:14.960>of <00:29:15.053>time. <00:29:15.146>There <00:29:15.240>are <00:29:15.333>a <00:29:15.426>few <00:29:15.520>more <00:29:15.613>questions. <00:29:15.706>Please <00:29:15.800>go <00:29:15.893>ask <00:29:15.986>the <00:29:16.080>people

00:29:17.270 --> 00:29:17.280 align:start position:0%
<00:29:17.270>more <00:29:17.271>questions. <00:29:17.273>Please <00:29:17.274>go <00:29:17.276>ask <00:29:17.277>the <00:29:17.279>people

00:29:17.280 --> 00:29:18.390 align:start position:0%
<00:29:17.280>more <00:29:17.370>questions. <00:29:17.461>Please <00:29:17.552>go <00:29:17.643>ask <00:29:17.734>the <00:29:17.824>people <00:29:17.915>themselves. <00:29:18.006>They're <00:29:18.097>still <00:29:18.188>here. <00:29:18.279>They

00:29:18.390 --> 00:29:18.400 align:start position:0%
<00:29:18.390>themselves. <00:29:18.392>They're <00:29:18.394>still <00:29:18.396>here. <00:29:18.399>They

00:29:18.400 --> 00:29:19.710 align:start position:0%
<00:29:18.400>themselves. <00:29:18.507>They're <00:29:18.614>still <00:29:18.721>here. <00:29:18.828>They <00:29:18.935>will <00:29:19.043>be <00:29:19.150>sticking <00:29:19.257>around <00:29:19.364>a <00:29:19.471>few <00:29:19.579>more

00:29:19.710 --> 00:29:19.720 align:start position:0%
<00:29:19.710>will <00:29:19.711>be <00:29:19.713>sticking <00:29:19.714>around <00:29:19.716>a <00:29:19.717>few <00:29:19.719>more

00:29:19.720 --> 00:29:21.510 align:start position:0%
<00:29:19.720>will <00:29:19.836>be <00:29:19.953>sticking <00:29:20.070>around <00:29:20.186>a <00:29:20.303>few <00:29:20.420>more <00:29:20.536>minutes, <00:29:20.653>hopefully, <00:29:20.770>to <00:29:20.886>answer <00:29:21.003>all <00:29:21.120>your

00:29:21.510 --> 00:29:21.520 align:start position:0%
<00:29:21.510>minutes, <00:29:21.511>hopefully, <00:29:21.513>to <00:29:21.515>answer <00:29:21.517>all <00:29:21.519>your

00:29:21.520 --> 00:29:23.150 align:start position:0%
<00:29:21.520>minutes, <00:29:21.636>hopefully, <00:29:21.753>to <00:29:21.870>answer <00:29:21.986>all <00:29:22.103>your <00:29:22.220>questions. <00:29:22.336>Thank <00:29:22.453>you <00:29:22.570>for <00:29:22.686>being <00:29:22.803>here. <00:29:22.920>I

00:29:23.150 --> 00:29:23.160 align:start position:0%
<00:29:23.150>questions. <00:29:23.151>Thank <00:29:23.153>you <00:29:23.154>for <00:29:23.156>being <00:29:23.157>here. <00:29:23.159>I

00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:25.830 align:start position:0%
<00:29:23.160>questions. <00:29:23.267>Thank <00:29:23.375>you <00:29:23.483>for <00:29:23.590>being <00:29:23.698>here. <00:29:23.806>I <00:29:23.913>hope <00:29:24.021>you <00:29:24.129>enjoyed <00:29:24.236>this. <00:29:24.344>And <00:29:24.452>well, <00:29:24.560>let's

00:29:25.830 --> 00:29:25.840 align:start position:0%
<00:29:25.830>hope <00:29:25.831>you <00:29:25.832>enjoyed <00:29:25.834>this. <00:29:25.836>And <00:29:25.837>well, <00:29:25.839>let's

00:29:25.840 --> 00:29:27.430 align:start position:0%
<00:29:25.840>hope <00:29:25.947>you <00:29:26.055>enjoyed <00:29:26.163>this. <00:29:26.270>And <00:29:26.378>well, <00:29:26.486>let's <00:29:26.593>enjoy <00:29:26.701>the <00:29:26.809>rest <00:29:26.916>of <00:29:27.024>the <00:29:27.132>conference. <00:29:27.240>Thank

00:29:27.430 --> 00:29:27.440 align:start position:0%
<00:29:27.430>enjoy <00:29:27.431>the <00:29:27.433>rest <00:29:27.434>of <00:29:27.436>the <00:29:27.437>conference. <00:29:27.439>Thank

00:29:27.440 --> 00:29:29.790 align:start position:0%
<00:29:27.440>enjoy <00:29:27.556>the <00:29:27.673>rest <00:29:27.790>of <00:29:27.906>the <00:29:28.023>conference. <00:29:28.140>Thank <00:29:28.256>you. <00:29:28.373>Thank <00:29:28.490>you <00:29:28.606>for <00:29:28.723>the <00:29:28.840>presentation.

00:29:29.790 --> 00:29:29.800 align:start position:0%
<00:29:29.790>you. <00:29:29.791>Thank <00:29:29.793>you <00:29:29.795>for <00:29:29.797>the <00:29:29.799>presentation.

00:29:29.800 --> 00:29:32.080 align:start position:0%
<00:29:29.800>you. <00:29:29.975>Thank <00:29:30.149>you <00:29:30.325>for <00:29:30.500>the <00:29:30.675>presentation. <00:29:30.850>Thank <00:29:31.024>[applause] <00:29:31.200>you.