WEBVTT

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<00:00:03.555>Welcome <00:00:04.021>to <00:00:04.488>this <00:00:04.955>talk

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<00:00:06.225>and <00:00:06.425>to <00:00:06.625>this <00:00:06.824>panel <00:00:07.024>on <00:00:07.225>the <00:00:07.425>AI <00:00:07.625>technologies

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<00:00:10.025>in <00:00:10.664>Exascale <00:00:11.303>era.

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<00:00:18.725>panels, <00:00:18.941>this <00:00:19.157>is <00:00:19.373>the <00:00:19.589>last <00:00:19.805>one.

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<00:00:49.805>seven <00:00:49.945>years <00:00:50.085>at <00:00:50.225>Intel <00:00:50.365>in <00:00:50.505>the <00:00:50.644>center <00:00:50.785>of <00:00:50.925>Excellence <00:00:51.065>right <00:00:51.205>now.

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<00:00:56.705>notion <00:00:56.905>comes <00:00:57.105>a <00:00:57.305>lot <00:00:57.504>from <00:00:57.705>the <00:00:57.905>HPC <00:00:58.105>world.

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<00:01:00.315>Basically, <00:01:00.548>there's <00:01:00.781>a <00:01:01.015>so-called <00:01:01.248>top <00:01:01.481>500 <00:01:01.714>list

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<00:01:03.265>of <00:01:03.405>the <00:01:03.545>500 <00:01:03.685>most <00:01:03.825>powerful <00:01:03.965>computers, <00:01:04.105>at <00:01:04.245>least <00:01:04.385>the <00:01:04.525>ones <00:01:04.665>known

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<00:01:09.465>And <00:01:09.620>they <00:01:09.776>have <00:01:09.931>a <00:01:10.087>benchmark, <00:01:10.242>which <00:01:10.398>is <00:01:10.553>called <00:01:10.709>Lin <00:01:10.865>pag,

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<00:01:11.645>and <00:01:11.878>it <00:01:12.111>basically <00:01:12.345>looks <00:01:12.578>at <00:01:12.811>the <00:01:13.045>flops.

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<00:01:18.945>And <00:01:19.072>yeah, <00:01:19.199>there <00:01:19.326>are <00:01:19.454>two <00:01:19.581>systems <00:01:19.708>on <00:01:19.835>this <00:01:19.963>list <00:01:20.090>right <00:01:20.217>now <00:01:20.345>which

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<00:01:23.115>have <00:01:23.581>an <00:01:24.048>Excel <00:01:24.515>flop,

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<00:01:25.505>and <00:01:25.679>that <00:01:25.854>is <00:01:26.030>where <00:01:26.205>the <00:01:26.380>Excel <00:01:26.554>scale <00:01:26.729>computing <00:01:26.905>area,

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<00:01:30.795>Does <00:01:31.028>that <00:01:31.261>have <00:01:31.495>a <00:01:31.728>meaning <00:01:31.961>for <00:01:32.195>ai?

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<00:01:32.945>Um, <00:01:33.411>yes <00:01:33.878>and <00:01:34.345>no,

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<00:01:34.914>because, <00:01:35.264>uh, <00:01:35.615>the <00:01:35.964>flops, <00:01:36.315>yeah,

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<00:01:38.125>they <00:01:38.358>say <00:01:38.591>something <00:01:38.825>about <00:01:39.058>the <00:01:39.291>compute <00:01:39.525>capability,

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<00:01:40.505>but <00:01:40.679>the <00:01:40.854>benchmark <00:01:41.030>is <00:01:41.205>a <00:01:41.380>rather <00:01:41.554>artificial <00:01:41.729>one, <00:01:41.905>right?

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<00:01:43.645>This <00:01:43.845>limb <00:01:44.045>impact <00:01:44.245>benchmark, <00:01:44.445>for <00:01:44.645>those <00:01:44.845>who <00:01:45.045>know,

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<00:01:47.884>It's <00:01:48.217>a <00:01:48.551>rather <00:01:48.884>artificial <00:01:49.217>thing.

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<00:01:49.785>And <00:01:50.065>it <00:01:50.345>basically <00:01:50.625>measures <00:01:50.905>the, <00:01:51.185>um,

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<00:01:53.185>the <00:01:53.385>floating <00:01:53.585>point <00:01:53.785>operations, <00:01:53.985>which <00:01:54.185>are <00:01:54.385>not <00:01:54.585>always

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<00:01:58.065>The <00:01:58.327>stuff <00:01:58.590>you <00:01:58.853>need <00:01:59.116>for <00:01:59.379>AI

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<00:01:59.525>because <00:01:59.875>you <00:02:00.225>reduce <00:02:00.575>the <00:02:00.925>resolution,

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<00:02:01.585>so <00:02:01.759>you <00:02:01.934>don't <00:02:02.110>need <00:02:02.285>double <00:02:02.460>floating <00:02:02.634>point <00:02:02.809>position <00:02:02.985>Mm-Hmm.

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<00:02:04.085>Which <00:02:04.259>you <00:02:04.434>need <00:02:04.610>for <00:02:04.785>numerical <00:02:04.960>computing <00:02:05.134>for <00:02:05.309>HPC <00:02:05.485>computing.

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<00:02:07.585>So <00:02:07.865>the, <00:02:08.144>uh, <00:02:08.424>requirements <00:02:08.704>are <00:02:08.984>different.

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<00:02:10.185>On <00:02:10.360>the <00:02:10.535>other <00:02:10.710>hand, <00:02:10.884>the <00:02:11.060>architecture <00:02:11.235>of <00:02:11.410>those, <00:02:11.585>um,

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<00:02:13.515>systems <00:02:13.795>there <00:02:14.075>basically <00:02:14.355>consist <00:02:14.635>of <00:02:14.915>CPUs,

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<00:02:18.475>some <00:02:19.174>accelerators, <00:02:19.875>GPUs,

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<00:02:20.785>and <00:02:20.912>so <00:02:21.039>on <00:02:21.166>right, <00:02:21.294>are <00:02:21.421>basically <00:02:21.548>very <00:02:21.675>similar <00:02:21.803>to <00:02:21.930>an <00:02:22.057>AI <00:02:22.185>system.

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<00:02:24.745>So <00:02:24.885>these <00:02:25.025>CPUs <00:02:25.165>are <00:02:25.305>multipurpose <00:02:25.445>and <00:02:25.585>hence <00:02:25.725>it <00:02:25.865>has <00:02:26.005>a <00:02:26.145>meaning.

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<00:02:29.525>Those <00:02:29.700>capabilities <00:02:29.875>have <00:02:30.050>a <00:02:30.225>meaning <00:02:30.400>for <00:02:30.575>AI <00:02:30.750>as <00:02:30.925>well.

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<00:02:33.395>Okay. <00:02:33.675>Alan, <00:02:33.955>what <00:02:34.235>do <00:02:34.515>you <00:02:34.795>think?

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<00:02:35.475>Yeah, <00:02:35.602>I, <00:02:35.729>I <00:02:35.856>think <00:02:35.984>it's <00:02:36.111>how <00:02:36.238>you <00:02:36.365>define <00:02:36.493>X <00:02:36.620>or <00:02:36.747>scale, <00:02:36.875>right?

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<00:02:38.945>Um, <00:02:39.084>and <00:02:39.225>if <00:02:39.364>you <00:02:39.505>look <00:02:39.644>at <00:02:39.785>X <00:02:39.924>or <00:02:40.065>the <00:02:40.204>word <00:02:40.345>X,

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<00:02:41.505>or <00:02:41.738>it's <00:02:41.971>a <00:02:42.204>billion, <00:02:42.438>billion <00:02:42.671>operations, <00:02:42.905>um,

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<00:02:44.505>and <00:02:44.632>if <00:02:44.759>you <00:02:44.886>look <00:02:45.014>at <00:02:45.141>floating <00:02:45.268>point, <00:02:45.395>which <00:02:45.523>is <00:02:45.650>what, <00:02:45.777>you <00:02:45.905>know,

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<00:02:47.865>ai, <00:02:48.040>um, <00:02:48.215>requires <00:02:48.390>in <00:02:48.565>terms <00:02:48.740>of <00:02:48.915>matrix, <00:02:49.090>uh, <00:02:49.265>operations,

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<00:02:52.445>I <00:02:52.561>think <00:02:52.678>extra <00:02:52.795>scale <00:02:52.911>in <00:02:53.028>terms <00:02:53.144>of <00:02:53.261>the <00:02:53.378>number <00:02:53.495>of, <00:02:53.611>um, <00:02:53.728>you <00:02:53.845>know,

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<00:02:57.445>floating <00:02:57.620>point <00:02:57.795>operations <00:02:57.970>you <00:02:58.144>can <00:02:58.320>execute <00:02:58.495>per <00:02:58.670>second <00:02:58.845>in

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<00:03:00.125>exascale <00:03:00.405>is <00:03:00.685>very, <00:03:00.965>very <00:03:01.245>important, <00:03:01.525>especially

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<00:03:02.365>for <00:03:02.715>training <00:03:03.065>of <00:03:03.415>AI <00:03:03.765>models.

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<00:03:04.305>So <00:03:04.460>I, <00:03:04.616>I <00:03:04.771>see <00:03:04.927>it <00:03:05.082>as <00:03:05.238>highly <00:03:05.393>relevant <00:03:05.549>to <00:03:05.705>ai.

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<00:03:07.995>Cool. <00:03:08.135>So <00:03:08.275>when <00:03:08.415>we <00:03:08.555>are <00:03:08.695>at <00:03:08.835>the <00:03:08.975>point <00:03:09.115>of <00:03:09.255>defining <00:03:09.395>terms,

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<00:03:11.385>can <00:03:11.524>we <00:03:11.665>also <00:03:11.804>describe <00:03:11.945>the, <00:03:12.084>the <00:03:12.225>typical, <00:03:12.364>typical, <00:03:12.505>I <00:03:12.644>would <00:03:12.785>say,

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<00:03:16.525>I <00:03:16.725>wouldn't <00:03:16.925>say <00:03:17.125>problem, <00:03:17.325>but <00:03:17.525>the <00:03:17.725>typical <00:03:17.925>discussion

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<00:03:18.525>between <00:03:18.680>GPU <00:03:18.836>and <00:03:18.991>CP <00:03:19.147>architectures <00:03:19.302>in <00:03:19.458>the <00:03:19.613>context <00:03:19.769>of <00:03:19.925>AI

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<00:03:22.625>and <00:03:22.975>especially <00:03:23.325>deep <00:03:23.675>learning <00:03:24.025>capabilities,

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<00:03:25.185>and <00:03:25.325>why <00:03:25.465>are <00:03:25.605>now, <00:03:25.745>why <00:03:25.885>is <00:03:26.025>now <00:03:26.165>everybody <00:03:26.305>talking <00:03:26.445>about <00:03:26.585>the,

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<00:03:28.505>the <00:03:28.644>GPU <00:03:28.785>being <00:03:28.924>the, <00:03:29.065>the <00:03:29.204>only <00:03:29.345>thing <00:03:29.484>that <00:03:29.625>you <00:03:29.765>can <00:03:29.905>use

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<00:03:31.665>for <00:03:31.855>the <00:03:32.046>AI <00:03:32.237>and <00:03:32.428>everything <00:03:32.619>else.

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<00:03:33.065>What's <00:03:33.265>the <00:03:33.465>reason <00:03:33.665>why <00:03:33.865>GPU <00:03:34.065>became <00:03:34.265>so <00:03:34.465>popular?

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<00:03:36.585>Do <00:03:36.818>you <00:03:37.051>wanna <00:03:37.285>go <00:03:37.518>first? <00:03:37.751>So <00:03:37.985>take,

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<00:03:42.165>I <00:03:42.363>can, <00:03:42.561>After, <00:03:42.759>for <00:03:42.957>me, <00:03:43.155>there <00:03:43.353>are,

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<00:03:43.485>there're <00:03:43.685>a <00:03:43.885>specialized <00:03:44.085>kind <00:03:44.285>of, <00:03:44.485>um, <00:03:44.685>processing <00:03:44.885>unit.

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<00:03:47.785>So <00:03:48.018>they're <00:03:48.251>highly <00:03:48.484>specialized <00:03:48.718>in, <00:03:48.951>for <00:03:49.185>example,

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<00:03:51.165>matrix <00:03:52.173>operations.

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<00:03:53.025>Um, <00:03:53.180>and <00:03:53.336>I <00:03:53.491>remember, <00:03:53.647>you <00:03:53.802>know, <00:03:53.958>looking <00:03:54.113>at <00:03:54.269>things <00:03:54.425>like,

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<00:03:56.265>um, <00:03:56.964>systolic <00:03:57.665>arrays.

82
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<00:03:57.885>So <00:03:58.060>you <00:03:58.234>have <00:03:58.410>this <00:03:58.584>high <00:03:58.760>parallelism <00:03:58.935>with <00:03:59.109>high <00:03:59.285>throughput

83
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<00:04:01.505>of <00:04:01.855>this <00:04:02.204>very <00:04:02.555>specific <00:04:02.905>function.

84
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<00:04:04.025>And <00:04:04.180>if <00:04:04.336>you <00:04:04.491>look <00:04:04.647>at <00:04:04.802>ai, <00:04:04.958>it <00:04:05.113>has <00:04:05.269>vast <00:04:05.425>amounts

85
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<00:04:07.765>of <00:04:08.231>these <00:04:08.698>matrix <00:04:09.165>operations.

86
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<00:04:09.325>So <00:04:09.524>essentially <00:04:09.725>in <00:04:09.924>linear <00:04:10.125>algebra, <00:04:10.325>um, <00:04:10.524>for <00:04:10.725>example,

87
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<00:04:13.685>multiplications <00:04:13.965>or <00:04:14.245>other <00:04:14.525>kinds <00:04:14.805>of <00:04:15.085>operations

88
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<00:04:16.024>on <00:04:16.375>these <00:04:16.724>highway <00:04:17.075>dimensional <00:04:17.424>spaces.

89
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<00:04:18.545>Um, <00:04:18.745>and <00:04:18.945>by <00:04:19.145>having <00:04:19.345>these <00:04:19.545>very <00:04:19.745>specialized, <00:04:19.945>um,

90
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<00:04:23.645>parallel <00:04:24.344>processing <00:04:25.044>capabilities,

91
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<00:04:25.545>you <00:04:25.895>have <00:04:26.245>this <00:04:26.595>enormous <00:04:26.945>throughput

92
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<00:04:27.305>and <00:04:27.432>this, <00:04:27.559>you <00:04:27.686>know, <00:04:27.814>x <00:04:27.941>of <00:04:28.068>flop <00:04:28.195>capability <00:04:28.323>in <00:04:28.450>the <00:04:28.577>future, <00:04:28.705>um,

93
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<00:04:31.225>to <00:04:31.505>process <00:04:31.785>these <00:04:32.065>kinds <00:04:32.345>of <00:04:32.625>problems.

94
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<00:04:33.905>So <00:04:34.021>if <00:04:34.138>you <00:04:34.255>look <00:04:34.371>at <00:04:34.488>the <00:04:34.604>CPU <00:04:34.721>u, <00:04:34.838>it's <00:04:34.955>a <00:04:35.071>very <00:04:35.188>different <00:04:35.304>kind

95
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<00:04:36.925>of <00:04:37.100>problem <00:04:37.275>or <00:04:37.450>a <00:04:37.625>different <00:04:37.800>kind <00:04:37.975>of <00:04:38.150>generalized <00:04:38.325>hardware

96
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<00:04:40.625>and <00:04:40.905>parallelizing <00:04:41.185>problems <00:04:41.465>with <00:04:41.745>imperative <00:04:42.025>languages.

97
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<00:04:44.225>And <00:04:44.380>for <00:04:44.536>high <00:04:44.691>performance <00:04:44.847>computing <00:04:45.002>is <00:04:45.158>a <00:04:45.313>much <00:04:45.469>more <00:04:45.625>difficult

98
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<00:04:47.445>problem <00:04:47.724>as <00:04:48.005>compared <00:04:48.284>to <00:04:48.565>matrix <00:04:48.844>operations.

99
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<00:04:51.305>And <00:04:51.505>you <00:04:51.705>actually <00:04:51.905>mentioned <00:04:52.105>when <00:04:52.305>we <00:04:52.505>were <00:04:52.705>discussing

100
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<00:04:52.925>yesterday <00:04:53.052>that <00:04:53.179>that's <00:04:53.306>the <00:04:53.434>part <00:04:53.561>of <00:04:53.688>the <00:04:53.815>whole <00:04:53.943>GPU <00:04:54.070>is <00:04:54.197>the <00:04:54.325>one

101
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<00:04:56.365>that's <00:04:56.598>responsible <00:04:56.831>for <00:04:57.065>these <00:04:57.298>kind <00:04:57.531>of <00:04:57.765>operations.

102
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<00:04:58.465>So <00:04:58.665>you <00:04:58.865>could <00:04:59.065>technically <00:04:59.265>take <00:04:59.465>the <00:04:59.665>rest <00:04:59.865>out

103
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<00:05:00.685>and <00:05:00.840>that <00:05:00.996>was <00:05:01.151>something <00:05:01.307>that <00:05:01.462>you <00:05:01.618>guys <00:05:01.773>were <00:05:01.929>working <00:05:02.085>on.

104
00:05:02.675 --> 00:05:04.845
<00:05:02.675>Yeah, <00:05:02.815>I <00:05:02.955>mean, <00:05:03.095>you <00:05:03.235>have <00:05:03.375>to <00:05:03.515>look <00:05:03.655>at <00:05:03.795>what <00:05:03.935>AI <00:05:04.075>is.

105
00:05:04.875 --> 00:05:08.725
<00:05:04.875>It's <00:05:05.015>basically <00:05:05.155>a <00:05:05.295>lot <00:05:05.435>of <00:05:05.575>ma <00:05:05.715>AI <00:05:05.855>in <00:05:05.995>its <00:05:06.135>meaning <00:05:06.275>today,

106
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<00:05:08.825>let <00:05:09.008>me <00:05:09.192>say <00:05:09.375>it <00:05:09.559>like <00:05:09.743>that,

107
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<00:05:09.845>because <00:05:10.125>who <00:05:10.405>knows <00:05:10.685>whether <00:05:10.965>it's <00:05:11.245>changing,

108
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<00:05:12.145>but <00:05:12.424>deep <00:05:12.705>learning, <00:05:12.984>uh, <00:05:13.265>what <00:05:13.544>is

109
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<00:05:15.125>behind <00:05:15.300>in <00:05:15.475>mathematics <00:05:15.650>is <00:05:15.825>a <00:05:16.000>lot <00:05:16.175>of <00:05:16.350>metrics <00:05:16.525>manipulations,

110
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<00:05:18.485>mostly <00:05:19.885>multiplication.

111
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<00:05:20.465>And <00:05:20.620>those <00:05:20.776>can <00:05:20.931>be <00:05:21.087>paralyzed, <00:05:21.242>as <00:05:21.398>you <00:05:21.553>have <00:05:21.709>said, <00:05:21.864>um,

112
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<00:05:23.625>rather <00:05:25.025>straightforward.

113
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<00:05:25.985>So <00:05:26.218>that's, <00:05:26.451>that's <00:05:26.685>what <00:05:26.918>the <00:05:27.151>background <00:05:27.385>is.

114
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<00:05:28.385>Now, <00:05:28.525>if <00:05:28.664>you <00:05:28.805>really <00:05:28.945>look <00:05:29.085>into <00:05:29.224>what <00:05:29.365>you <00:05:29.505>need, <00:05:29.645>it's <00:05:29.784>basically,

115
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<00:05:32.065>um, <00:05:32.765>processing <00:05:33.465>course

116
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<00:05:34.505>and <00:05:34.705>matrix <00:05:34.905>manipulation <00:05:35.105>engines, <00:05:35.305>which <00:05:35.505>can <00:05:35.705>do <00:05:35.905>that.

117
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<00:05:37.985>So <00:05:38.160>if <00:05:38.335>you <00:05:38.510>want <00:05:38.685>to <00:05:38.860>build <00:05:39.035>a, <00:05:39.210>an <00:05:39.385>architecture

118
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<00:05:41.185>for <00:05:41.535>doing <00:05:41.885>deep <00:05:42.235>learning <00:05:42.585>training

119
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<00:05:44.345>and <00:05:44.545>have <00:05:44.745>inferencing, <00:05:44.945>you <00:05:45.145>can <00:05:45.345>basically <00:05:45.545>build <00:05:45.745>accelerators,

120
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<00:05:48.205>which <00:05:48.360>are <00:05:48.516>not <00:05:48.671>GPUs, <00:05:48.827>but <00:05:48.982>do <00:05:49.138>a <00:05:49.293>very <00:05:49.449>good <00:05:49.604>job

121
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<00:05:52.265>or <00:05:52.498>an <00:05:52.731>excellent <00:05:52.965>job <00:05:53.198>at <00:05:53.431>ai <00:05:53.664>deep

122
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<00:05:55.284>learning <00:05:55.751>training <00:05:56.218>and <00:05:56.684>inferencing.

123
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<00:05:57.185>So <00:05:57.390>that's <00:05:57.595>what <00:05:57.800>we <00:05:58.005>have <00:05:58.211>done

124
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<00:05:58.325>with <00:05:58.675>the <00:05:59.025>Intel <00:05:59.375>Gadi <00:05:59.724>architecture.

125
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<00:06:00.385>So <00:06:00.633>this <00:06:00.881>is <00:06:01.130>not <00:06:01.378>a <00:06:01.627>GPU,

126
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<00:06:02.025>but <00:06:02.200>it's <00:06:02.375>very <00:06:02.549>competitive, <00:06:02.724>um, <00:06:02.900>to <00:06:03.075>the <00:06:03.250>established <00:06:03.424>platforms

127
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<00:06:06.865>to <00:06:07.005>GPU <00:06:07.145>platforms <00:06:07.285>in <00:06:07.425>terms <00:06:07.565>of <00:06:07.705>the <00:06:07.845>performance <00:06:07.985>you <00:06:08.125>get <00:06:08.265>on

128
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<00:06:11.645>what <00:06:11.854>you <00:06:12.065>need <00:06:12.275>to <00:06:12.485>do <00:06:12.695>for <00:06:12.905>deep

129
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<00:06:13.245>learning, <00:06:13.605>training <00:06:13.965>and <00:06:14.325>inferencing.

130
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<00:06:15.385>So <00:06:15.597>that's <00:06:15.809>what <00:06:16.022>you <00:06:16.234>can <00:06:16.447>do.

131
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<00:06:16.785>And <00:06:17.068>the <00:06:17.352>other <00:06:17.635>thing, <00:06:17.919>uh,

132
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<00:06:18.045>because <00:06:18.245>while <00:06:18.445>we <00:06:18.645>said <00:06:18.845>CPUs <00:06:19.045>are <00:06:19.245>different, <00:06:19.445>yes.

133
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<00:06:21.265>But, <00:06:21.420>uh, <00:06:21.576>you <00:06:21.731>can <00:06:21.887>also <00:06:22.042>bring <00:06:22.198>in <00:06:22.353>things <00:06:22.509>into <00:06:22.664>CPUs,

134
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<00:06:24.975>which <00:06:25.255>make <00:06:25.535>this <00:06:25.815>matrix <00:06:26.095>manipulation <00:06:26.375>easier,

135
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<00:06:29.065>and <00:06:29.220>we <00:06:29.376>have <00:06:29.531>done <00:06:29.687>that <00:06:29.842>with <00:06:29.998>a <00:06:30.153>technology <00:06:30.309>called <00:06:30.465>advanced

136
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<00:06:31.605>matrix <00:06:31.838>extension, <00:06:32.071>so <00:06:32.305>you <00:06:32.538>can <00:06:32.771>enable <00:06:33.005>CPUs

137
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<00:06:35.465>to <00:06:35.713>do <00:06:35.961>those <00:06:36.210>things <00:06:36.458>as <00:06:36.707>well.

138
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<00:06:37.155>Yeah. <00:06:37.294>One <00:06:37.434>thing <00:06:37.575>to <00:06:37.715>add, <00:06:37.854>maybe <00:06:37.994>it's <00:06:38.135>just <00:06:38.275>also <00:06:38.414>then, <00:06:38.554>um,

139
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<00:06:41.245>coming <00:06:41.385>a <00:06:41.525>little <00:06:41.665>bit <00:06:41.805>more <00:06:41.945>from <00:06:42.085>the <00:06:42.225>edge <00:06:42.365>is <00:06:42.505>then, <00:06:42.645>um,

140
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<00:06:43.905>the <00:06:44.184>performance <00:06:44.465>in <00:06:44.744>a <00:06:45.025>given <00:06:45.304>amount

141
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<00:06:45.685>of <00:06:45.937>power <00:06:46.189>that <00:06:46.441>you <00:06:46.693>have, <00:06:46.945>right?

142
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<00:06:47.465>So, <00:06:47.620>um, <00:06:47.776>if <00:06:47.931>you <00:06:48.087>get <00:06:48.242>with <00:06:48.398>the <00:06:48.553>same <00:06:48.709>power <00:06:48.865>amount

143
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<00:06:50.085>that <00:06:50.240>you <00:06:50.396>have <00:06:50.551>in <00:06:50.707>a <00:06:50.862>battery <00:06:51.018>driven <00:06:51.173>application, <00:06:51.329>for <00:06:51.484>example,

144
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<00:06:52.825>um, <00:06:53.000>to, <00:06:53.175>um, <00:06:53.349>a <00:06:53.525>certain <00:06:53.700>performance <00:06:53.875>that <00:06:54.050>you <00:06:54.224>want,

145
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<00:06:55.385>you <00:06:55.525>can <00:06:55.664>rather <00:06:55.805>do <00:06:55.945>that <00:06:56.085>than <00:06:56.224>on <00:06:56.365>a <00:06:56.505>new <00:06:56.645>network <00:06:56.784>co-processor.

146
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<00:06:58.795>Then <00:06:58.960>you <00:06:59.126>could <00:06:59.292>do <00:06:59.458>it <00:06:59.624>on <00:06:59.790>the <00:06:59.955>CPU,

147
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<00:07:00.265>of <00:07:00.498>course <00:07:00.731>can <00:07:00.965>also <00:07:01.198>calculate <00:07:01.431>this <00:07:01.664>one,

148
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<00:07:02.305>but <00:07:02.432>it'll <00:07:02.559>be <00:07:02.686>slower <00:07:02.814>on <00:07:02.941>the <00:07:03.068>same <00:07:03.195>power <00:07:03.323>budget <00:07:03.450>that <00:07:03.577>you <00:07:03.705>have.

149
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<00:07:06.545>So <00:07:06.720>when <00:07:06.895>we <00:07:07.070>come <00:07:07.245>to <00:07:07.420>the <00:07:07.595>edge, <00:07:07.770>you're <00:07:07.945>coming.

150
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<00:07:08.265>So <00:07:08.420>basically, <00:07:08.576>if <00:07:08.731>we <00:07:08.887>are <00:07:09.042>talking <00:07:09.198>about <00:07:09.353>all <00:07:09.509>these <00:07:09.664>exoscale

151
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<00:07:10.445>things, <00:07:10.724>they're <00:07:11.005>more <00:07:11.284>likely <00:07:11.565>from <00:07:11.844>the,

152
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<00:07:12.715>from <00:07:12.948>the <00:07:13.181>perspective <00:07:13.414>of <00:07:13.648>the <00:07:13.881>data <00:07:14.114>center.

153
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<00:07:14.445>And <00:07:14.619>we're <00:07:14.793>gonna <00:07:14.967>touch <00:07:15.141>base <00:07:15.315>with <00:07:15.489>that

154
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<00:07:15.605>with, <00:07:15.792>with <00:07:15.979>Ana <00:07:16.166>in <00:07:16.353>a <00:07:16.541>second.

155
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<00:07:16.945>So <00:07:17.152>when <00:07:17.359>we <00:07:17.566>come <00:07:17.772>to <00:07:17.980>the <00:07:18.187>edge,

156
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<00:07:18.585>so <00:07:18.760>basically <00:07:18.935>those <00:07:19.109>smaller <00:07:19.284>little <00:07:19.460>pieces <00:07:19.635>of <00:07:19.810>the <00:07:19.984>puzzle.

157
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<00:07:22.545>So <00:07:22.700>that's <00:07:22.856>basically <00:07:23.011>where <00:07:23.167>NX <00:07:23.322>P <00:07:23.478>has <00:07:23.633>the, <00:07:23.789>the <00:07:23.945>expertise.

158
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<00:07:25.545>So <00:07:25.672>can <00:07:25.799>you <00:07:25.926>tell <00:07:26.054>us <00:07:26.181>a <00:07:26.308>little <00:07:26.435>bit <00:07:26.563>about, <00:07:26.690>about <00:07:26.817>your <00:07:26.945>products

159
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<00:07:28.645>that <00:07:28.897>fall <00:07:29.149>into <00:07:29.401>that <00:07:29.652>space?

160
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<00:07:30.515>Yeah, <00:07:30.670>in <00:07:30.826>the <00:07:30.981>end, <00:07:31.137>um, <00:07:31.292>the, <00:07:31.448>um, <00:07:31.603>edge <00:07:31.759>devices, <00:07:31.914>uh,

161
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<00:07:34.105>are <00:07:34.260>today, <00:07:34.416>um, <00:07:34.571>almost <00:07:34.727>in <00:07:34.882>all <00:07:35.038>application <00:07:35.193>also <00:07:35.349>needing, <00:07:35.505>um,

162
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<00:07:39.505>ml <00:07:39.680>uh, <00:07:39.855>machine <00:07:40.030>learning <00:07:40.205>as <00:07:40.380>one <00:07:40.555>part <00:07:40.730>of <00:07:40.905>ai.

163
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<00:07:43.385>And, <00:07:43.560>um, <00:07:43.735>that's <00:07:43.909>regardless <00:07:44.085>whether <00:07:44.260>it's <00:07:44.435>a <00:07:44.610>very <00:07:44.784>tiny

164
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<00:07:45.784>microprocessor <00:07:46.064>or <00:07:46.344>whether <00:07:46.624>it's <00:07:46.905>basically <00:07:47.184>one

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<00:07:48.525>of <00:07:48.758>those <00:07:48.991>application <00:07:49.224>processes <00:07:49.458>which <00:07:49.691>come <00:07:49.924>then

166
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<00:07:50.325>with <00:07:50.510>a <00:07:50.697>little <00:07:50.883>bit <00:07:51.069>more <00:07:51.255>compute <00:07:51.441>power.

167
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<00:07:51.945>But <00:07:52.183>in <00:07:52.421>the <00:07:52.660>end, <00:07:52.899>uh,

168
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<00:07:53.005>there's <00:07:53.205>almost <00:07:53.405>no <00:07:53.605>application <00:07:53.805>at <00:07:54.005>the <00:07:54.205>edge <00:07:54.405>anymore

169
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<00:07:55.655>where <00:07:55.854>there's <00:07:56.054>not <00:07:56.255>something <00:07:56.455>where <00:07:56.655>you <00:07:56.854>can <00:07:57.054>really,

170
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<00:07:57.885>with <00:07:58.085>machine <00:07:58.284>learning <00:07:58.485>improve <00:07:58.685>something <00:07:58.885>either <00:07:59.085>the <00:07:59.284>quality,

171
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<00:08:00.745>uh, <00:08:00.872>of <00:08:00.999>service <00:08:01.126>or <00:08:01.254>the <00:08:01.381>quality <00:08:01.508>of <00:08:01.635>the <00:08:01.763>data <00:08:01.890>that <00:08:02.017>you, <00:08:02.145>um,

172
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<00:08:03.285>have <00:08:03.485>on <00:08:03.685>a <00:08:03.885>sensor <00:08:04.085>and <00:08:04.285>stuff <00:08:04.485>like <00:08:04.685>that.

173
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<00:08:05.145>So <00:08:05.594>that's <00:08:06.044>basically <00:08:06.495>everywhere.

174
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<00:08:06.705>That's <00:08:06.844>also <00:08:06.984>why <00:08:07.125>it's <00:08:07.265>for <00:08:07.405>us, <00:08:07.544>very <00:08:07.685>important <00:08:07.825>to <00:08:07.965>support <00:08:08.104>then,

175
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<00:08:10.545>um, <00:08:10.778>yeah, <00:08:11.011>machine <00:08:11.245>learning <00:08:11.478>capabilities <00:08:11.711>on <00:08:11.945>all

176
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<00:08:12.925>our <00:08:13.159>products <00:08:13.393>that <00:08:13.627>we <00:08:13.861>offer.

177
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<00:08:14.875>Cool. <00:08:15.155>So <00:08:15.435>Alan, <00:08:15.715>I <00:08:15.995>mean, <00:08:16.275>you,

178
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<00:08:16.445>you <00:08:16.620>guys <00:08:16.795>are <00:08:16.969>designing <00:08:17.145>also <00:08:17.320>those <00:08:17.495>kinds <00:08:17.670>of <00:08:17.844>microcontrollers

179
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<00:08:19.265>and, <00:08:19.544>and <00:08:19.825>all <00:08:20.104>of <00:08:20.385>those <00:08:20.664>semiconductors.

180
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<00:08:21.185>So <00:08:21.465>we, <00:08:21.745>we <00:08:22.025>talked <00:08:22.305>about, <00:08:22.585>uh,

181
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<00:08:23.745>and <00:08:23.945>everybody's <00:08:24.145>mentioning <00:08:24.345>kind <00:08:24.545>of <00:08:24.745>the <00:08:24.945>trade <00:08:25.145>of,

182
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<00:08:25.925>between <00:08:26.205>performance, <00:08:26.485>between <00:08:26.765>energy <00:08:27.045>and <00:08:27.325>the,

183
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<00:08:28.825>and <00:08:29.167>the <00:08:29.508>actual, <00:08:29.851>uh,

184
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<00:08:30.025>and <00:08:30.224>the <00:08:30.424>actual <00:08:30.625>consumption <00:08:30.825>of <00:08:31.025>the <00:08:31.224>compute <00:08:31.424>power.

185
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<00:08:31.985>And <00:08:32.140>so <00:08:32.296>can <00:08:32.451>you <00:08:32.607>tell <00:08:32.762>us <00:08:32.918>a <00:08:33.073>little <00:08:33.229>bit <00:08:33.385>about

186
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<00:08:34.424>how <00:08:34.625>do <00:08:34.824>we <00:08:35.025>achieve <00:08:35.224>that <00:08:35.424>on <00:08:35.625>the <00:08:35.824>edge?

187
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<00:08:37.755>Sure. <00:08:37.929>So <00:08:38.105>I <00:08:38.280>think <00:08:38.455>there <00:08:38.630>are <00:08:38.804>two <00:08:38.980>things <00:08:39.155>here.

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<00:08:39.405>We, <00:08:39.521>we <00:08:39.638>have, <00:08:39.755>um, <00:08:39.871>the <00:08:39.988>data <00:08:40.105>centers <00:08:40.221>and, <00:08:40.338>and <00:08:40.454>we <00:08:40.571>have <00:08:40.688>the <00:08:40.804>edge.

189
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<00:08:43.345>Um, <00:08:43.472>so <00:08:43.599>in <00:08:43.726>the <00:08:43.854>data <00:08:43.981>centers, <00:08:44.108>we <00:08:44.235>are <00:08:44.363>very <00:08:44.490>active <00:08:44.617>in, <00:08:44.745>um,

190
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<00:08:47.755>semiconductor <00:08:48.880>power.

191
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<00:08:49.705>Um, <00:08:49.860>so <00:08:50.016>basic <00:08:50.171>supplying <00:08:50.327>the <00:08:50.482>power <00:08:50.638>into <00:08:50.793>these <00:08:50.949>data <00:08:51.105>centers.

192
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<00:08:53.225>And <00:08:53.352>if <00:08:53.479>you <00:08:53.606>look <00:08:53.734>at <00:08:53.861>the <00:08:53.988>data <00:08:54.115>centers <00:08:54.243>today, <00:08:54.370>I <00:08:54.497>think <00:08:54.625>they're

193
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<00:08:56.085>around <00:08:56.260>50 <00:08:56.435>megawatts <00:08:56.610>to <00:08:56.785>maybe <00:08:56.960>150 <00:08:57.135>megawatts <00:08:57.310>in <00:08:57.485>terms

194
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<00:09:00.125>of <00:09:00.755>power <00:09:01.385>consumption.

195
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<00:09:01.945>And <00:09:02.178>when <00:09:02.411>you <00:09:02.645>start <00:09:02.878>moving <00:09:03.111>towards <00:09:03.345>exascale

196
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<00:09:04.145>and <00:09:04.345>very <00:09:04.545>large <00:09:04.745>systems <00:09:04.944>in <00:09:05.145>the <00:09:05.345>future, <00:09:05.545>um,

197
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<00:09:07.285>you're <00:09:07.485>looking <00:09:07.685>at <00:09:07.885>potentially <00:09:08.084>going <00:09:08.285>into <00:09:08.485>a <00:09:08.685>gigawatt,

198
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<00:09:10.705>you <00:09:10.880>know, <00:09:11.055>a <00:09:11.230>gigawatt, <00:09:11.405>um, <00:09:11.580>solution <00:09:11.755>that's <00:09:11.930>training <00:09:12.105>a,

199
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<00:09:15.205>a <00:09:15.405>model, <00:09:15.605>um, <00:09:15.805>that's <00:09:16.005>roughly <00:09:16.205>one <00:09:16.405>power <00:09:16.605>station

200
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<00:09:18.545>for <00:09:18.778>a <00:09:19.011>single <00:09:19.245>model <00:09:19.478>that's <00:09:19.711>being <00:09:19.944>trained.

201
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<00:09:21.425>And <00:09:21.580>here <00:09:21.736>the <00:09:21.891>power <00:09:22.047>consumption <00:09:22.202>is, <00:09:22.358>is <00:09:22.513>very, <00:09:22.669>very <00:09:22.824>large.

202
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<00:09:25.505>So <00:09:25.705>it's <00:09:25.905>consuming <00:09:26.105>a <00:09:26.305>lot <00:09:26.505>of <00:09:26.705>power, <00:09:26.905>um,

203
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<00:09:28.025>and <00:09:28.199>the <00:09:28.375>kind <00:09:28.550>of <00:09:28.725>products <00:09:28.900>that <00:09:29.074>we <00:09:29.250>build, <00:09:29.425>uh,

204
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<00:09:30.605>essentially <00:09:30.955>from <00:09:31.305>grid <00:09:31.655>to <00:09:32.005>core.

205
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<00:09:32.985>So <00:09:33.160>the <00:09:33.335>actual <00:09:33.510>core <00:09:33.685>running <00:09:33.860>these, <00:09:34.035>um, <00:09:34.210>algorithms <00:09:34.385>is

206
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<00:09:36.725>to <00:09:36.925>essentially <00:09:37.125>increase <00:09:37.325>the <00:09:37.525>efficiency, <00:09:37.725>so <00:09:37.925>the <00:09:38.125>power

207
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<00:09:40.045>that <00:09:40.172>is <00:09:40.299>then <00:09:40.426>put <00:09:40.554>into <00:09:40.681>the <00:09:40.808>core <00:09:40.935>so <00:09:41.063>that <00:09:41.190>you <00:09:41.317>can <00:09:41.444>use

208
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<00:09:42.245>that <00:09:42.595>power, <00:09:42.945>uh, <00:09:43.295>for <00:09:43.645>computation.

209
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<00:09:44.945>And <00:09:45.072>then <00:09:45.199>on <00:09:45.326>the <00:09:45.454>edge, <00:09:45.581>what <00:09:45.708>we <00:09:45.835>also <00:09:45.963>do <00:09:46.090>is, <00:09:46.217>for <00:09:46.345>example,

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<00:09:48.755>example <00:09:48.882>in <00:09:49.009>our <00:09:49.136>POC <00:09:49.264>edge <00:09:49.391>products, <00:09:49.518>um, <00:09:49.645>we <00:09:49.773>basically <00:09:49.900>do <00:09:50.027>a <00:09:50.155>lot

211
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<00:09:53.645>of <00:09:53.800>pre-processing <00:09:53.956>at <00:09:54.111>the <00:09:54.267>edge <00:09:54.422>with <00:09:54.578>our <00:09:54.733>sensors, <00:09:54.889>for <00:09:55.045>example,

212
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<00:09:56.475>with <00:09:56.755>radar <00:09:57.035>or <00:09:57.315>silicon <00:09:57.595>microphones, <00:09:57.875>um,

213
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<00:09:59.985>or <00:10:00.185>CO2 <00:10:00.385>sensors <00:10:00.585>to <00:10:00.785>then <00:10:00.985>sense <00:10:01.185>the <00:10:01.385>environment

214
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<00:10:03.145>and <00:10:03.319>pre-process <00:10:03.495>the <00:10:03.670>data <00:10:03.845>and <00:10:04.020>using, <00:10:04.194>um, <00:10:04.370>onboard <00:10:04.545>NPU.

215
00:10:07.845 --> 00:10:12.175
<00:10:07.845>So <00:10:08.078>neuro <00:10:08.311>processing <00:10:08.545>units <00:10:08.778>run <00:10:09.011>AI <00:10:09.245>algorithms

216
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<00:10:12.395>to <00:10:12.550>offload <00:10:12.706>the <00:10:12.861>cloud, <00:10:13.017>so <00:10:13.172>reduce <00:10:13.328>the <00:10:13.483>amount <00:10:13.639>of <00:10:13.795>energy

217
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<00:10:16.195>that's <00:10:16.475>being <00:10:16.755>consumed <00:10:17.035>in <00:10:17.315>the <00:10:17.595>transmission

218
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<00:10:18.195>of <00:10:18.475>the <00:10:18.755>computation <00:10:19.035>in <00:10:19.315>the <00:10:19.595>cloud

219
00:10:20.275 --> 00:10:21.375
<00:10:20.275>so <00:10:20.439>that <00:10:20.605>you <00:10:20.770>can <00:10:20.935>do <00:10:21.100>it <00:10:21.265>locally.

220
00:10:21.755 --> 00:10:25.015
<00:10:21.755>So <00:10:21.910>that's <00:10:22.066>the <00:10:22.221>two <00:10:22.377>areas <00:10:22.532>that <00:10:22.688>we <00:10:22.843>primarily <00:10:22.999>focus <00:10:23.155>on.

221
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<00:10:25.125>Yeah. <00:10:26.142>Yep.

222
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<00:10:26.445>Yeah, <00:10:26.795>you're, <00:10:27.145>you're <00:10:27.495>describing <00:10:27.845>a,

223
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<00:10:28.415>a <00:10:28.685>real <00:10:28.954>good <00:10:29.225>setup, <00:10:29.495>right?

224
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<00:10:29.615>Because, <00:10:29.848>uh, <00:10:30.081>what, <00:10:30.315>what <00:10:30.548>I <00:10:30.781>think, <00:10:31.015>um,

225
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<00:10:33.915>is <00:10:34.148>a <00:10:34.381>good <00:10:34.615>strategy <00:10:34.848>to <00:10:35.081>save <00:10:35.314>energy

226
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<00:10:37.435>and <00:10:37.574>make <00:10:37.714>it <00:10:37.854>more <00:10:37.994>practical <00:10:38.135>is <00:10:38.275>to <00:10:38.415>say, <00:10:38.555>okay, <00:10:38.694>what <00:10:38.834>kind

227
00:10:40.895 --> 00:10:44.295
<00:10:40.895>of <00:10:41.011>AI <00:10:41.128>can <00:10:41.245>I <00:10:41.361>do <00:10:41.478>where <00:10:41.595>the <00:10:41.711>data <00:10:41.828>is <00:10:41.944>so <00:10:42.061>I <00:10:42.178>don't <00:10:42.295>have

228
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<00:10:44.295>to <00:10:44.528>transport <00:10:44.761>the <00:10:44.995>data <00:10:45.228>around <00:10:45.461>a <00:10:45.694>lot?

229
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<00:10:46.355>So <00:10:46.635>the <00:10:46.915>edge <00:10:47.195>is <00:10:47.475>very <00:10:47.755>important

230
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<00:10:47.975>because <00:10:48.130>a <00:10:48.286>lot <00:10:48.441>of <00:10:48.597>the <00:10:48.752>data <00:10:48.908>comes <00:10:49.063>from <00:10:49.219>the <00:10:49.375>edge.

231
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<00:10:50.555>So <00:10:50.729>having <00:10:50.905>an <00:10:51.079>architecture <00:10:51.255>which <00:10:51.430>basically <00:10:51.604>takes <00:10:51.780>the <00:10:51.954>edge

232
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<00:10:53.475>as <00:10:53.630>the <00:10:53.786>first <00:10:53.941>thing <00:10:54.097>and <00:10:54.252>tries <00:10:54.408>to <00:10:54.563>do <00:10:54.719>whatever <00:10:54.875>needs

233
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<00:10:56.955>and <00:10:57.082>can <00:10:57.209>be <00:10:57.336>done <00:10:57.464>there, <00:10:57.591>and <00:10:57.718>then <00:10:57.845>relies <00:10:57.973>on <00:10:58.100>the <00:10:58.227>data <00:10:58.355>center

234
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<00:11:00.135>and <00:11:00.415>the <00:11:00.694>cloud <00:11:00.975>for <00:11:01.255>more <00:11:01.535>sophisticated

235
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<00:11:03.785>tasks <00:11:03.959>which <00:11:04.135>need <00:11:04.310>more <00:11:04.485>performance, <00:11:04.660>I <00:11:04.834>think <00:11:05.010>that's <00:11:05.185>a,

236
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<00:11:07.275>that's <00:11:07.430>a <00:11:07.586>really <00:11:07.741>good <00:11:07.897>architecture <00:11:08.052>to, <00:11:08.208>um, <00:11:08.363>maintain <00:11:08.519>a <00:11:08.675>lot

237
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<00:11:11.415>of <00:11:11.694>things <00:11:11.974>like <00:11:12.255>being <00:11:12.535>energy <00:11:12.814>efficient,

238
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<00:11:13.615>but <00:11:13.790>also <00:11:13.965>keeping <00:11:14.140>data <00:11:14.315>more <00:11:14.490>local <00:11:14.665>and <00:11:14.840>more <00:11:15.015>private,

239
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<00:11:17.295>because <00:11:17.574>that's <00:11:17.854>a <00:11:18.135>requirement <00:11:18.415>as <00:11:18.694>well.

240
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<00:11:19.055>Maybe <00:11:19.451>not <00:11:19.847>for <00:11:20.242>machines,

241
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<00:11:20.795>but <00:11:20.969>for <00:11:21.145>other <00:11:21.319>data <00:11:21.495>like <00:11:21.670>health, <00:11:21.844>healthcare <00:11:22.020>data, <00:11:22.194>right?

242
00:11:25.255 --> 00:11:28.695
<00:11:25.255>When <00:11:25.395>you <00:11:25.535>have <00:11:25.675>the <00:11:25.814>data <00:11:25.955>of <00:11:26.095>a <00:11:26.235>radiologist <00:11:26.375>in <00:11:26.515>that <00:11:26.655>machine.

243
00:11:28.995 --> 00:11:32.815
<00:11:28.995>So <00:11:29.095>you <00:11:29.195>want <00:11:29.295>to <00:11:29.395>do <00:11:29.495>as <00:11:29.595>much <00:11:29.695>as <00:11:29.795>you <00:11:29.895>can <00:11:29.995>as <00:11:30.095>close <00:11:30.195>to <00:11:30.295>the <00:11:30.395>data

244
00:11:32.955 --> 00:11:35.615
<00:11:32.955>so <00:11:33.095>you <00:11:33.235>don't <00:11:33.375>have <00:11:33.515>to <00:11:33.655>copy <00:11:33.795>the <00:11:33.935>data <00:11:34.075>around <00:11:34.215>so <00:11:34.355>much.

245
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<00:11:35.685>Yeah. <00:11:35.801>So <00:11:35.918>that <00:11:36.035>is <00:11:36.151>a, <00:11:36.268>I <00:11:36.385>think <00:11:36.501>a, <00:11:36.618>um, <00:11:36.734>a <00:11:36.851>forward <00:11:36.968>looking, <00:11:37.084>uh,

246
00:11:40.695 --> 00:11:43.175
<00:11:40.695>architecture, <00:11:40.975>which <00:11:41.255>is <00:11:41.535>done <00:11:41.815>today <00:11:42.095>already.

247
00:11:43.395 --> 00:11:44.815
<00:11:43.395>That's <00:11:43.650>right. <00:11:43.906>And <00:11:44.161>it <00:11:44.417>also <00:11:44.673>strongly

248
00:11:44.815 --> 00:11:46.055
<00:11:44.815>depends <00:11:45.187>on <00:11:45.559>your <00:11:45.930>application.

249
00:11:46.075 --> 00:11:48.895
<00:11:46.075>Of <00:11:46.230>course, <00:11:46.386>you <00:11:46.541>will <00:11:46.697>not <00:11:46.852>everywhere <00:11:47.008>have <00:11:47.163>a <00:11:47.319>new <00:11:47.475>network

250
00:11:49.035 --> 00:11:50.415
<00:11:49.035>or <00:11:49.283>processor <00:11:49.531>if <00:11:49.780>it's <00:11:50.028>not <00:11:50.276>needed.

251
00:11:50.475 --> 00:11:52.455
<00:11:50.475>If <00:11:50.630>you <00:11:50.786>say <00:11:50.941>you're <00:11:51.097>very <00:11:51.252>slow <00:11:51.408>data <00:11:51.563>from <00:11:51.719>a <00:11:51.875>sensor

252
00:11:52.475 --> 00:11:55.965
<00:11:52.475>or <00:11:52.630>temperature, <00:11:52.786>humidity, <00:11:52.941>uh, <00:11:53.097>you <00:11:53.252>name <00:11:53.408>it, <00:11:53.563>then <00:11:53.719>of <00:11:53.875>course,

253
00:11:56.025 --> 00:11:58.285
<00:11:56.025>and, <00:11:56.225>and, <00:11:56.425>and <00:11:56.625>those <00:11:56.824>changes <00:11:57.025>are <00:11:57.225>very <00:11:57.425>slow,

254
00:11:58.355 --> 00:12:00.445
<00:11:58.355>then <00:11:58.495>it's <00:11:58.635>a <00:11:58.775>much <00:11:58.915>more <00:11:59.055>different <00:11:59.195>thing <00:11:59.335>than <00:11:59.475>if <00:11:59.615>you <00:11:59.755>say,

255
00:12:00.485 --> 00:12:01.525
<00:12:00.485>I <00:12:00.719>have <00:12:00.953>now <00:12:01.187>video <00:12:01.420>data,

256
00:12:01.665 --> 00:12:03.725
<00:12:01.665>or <00:12:01.865>I <00:12:02.064>have <00:12:02.265>a <00:12:02.464>machine <00:12:02.665>where <00:12:02.865>I <00:12:03.064>want

257
00:12:03.725 --> 00:12:06.285
<00:12:03.725>to <00:12:03.900>have <00:12:04.075>a <00:12:04.250>certain <00:12:04.425>quality <00:12:04.600>control <00:12:04.775>based <00:12:04.950>on <00:12:05.125>pictures

258
00:12:06.285 --> 00:12:08.445
<00:12:06.285>of <00:12:06.440>a <00:12:06.596>wafa, <00:12:06.751>for <00:12:06.907>example, <00:12:07.062>where <00:12:07.218>you <00:12:07.373>say, <00:12:07.529>I <00:12:07.685>want

259
00:12:08.445 --> 00:12:09.965
<00:12:08.445>to <00:12:08.718>really <00:12:08.992>know <00:12:09.265>whether <00:12:09.539>there <00:12:09.813>are

260
00:12:09.965 --> 00:12:11.125
<00:12:09.965>scratches <00:12:10.226>and <00:12:10.487>stuff <00:12:10.748>like <00:12:11.009>that.

261
00:12:11.145 --> 00:12:13.085
<00:12:11.145>And <00:12:11.300>then <00:12:11.456>I <00:12:11.611>need <00:12:11.767>to <00:12:11.922>really <00:12:12.078>do <00:12:12.233>it <00:12:12.389>with, <00:12:12.545>uh,

262
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<00:12:13.155>several <00:12:13.505>frames <00:12:13.855>per <00:12:14.204>second <00:12:14.555>also.

263
00:12:14.765 --> 00:12:18.445
<00:12:14.765>So <00:12:14.920>you <00:12:15.076>also <00:12:15.231>need <00:12:15.387>of <00:12:15.542>course, <00:12:15.698>to <00:12:15.853>adopt <00:12:16.009>your, <00:12:16.165>um,

264
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<00:12:19.315>devices <00:12:19.665>to <00:12:20.015>your <00:12:20.365>use <00:12:20.715>case.

265
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<00:12:21.465>And <00:12:21.807>then <00:12:22.149>also <00:12:22.491>towards

266
00:12:22.755 --> 00:12:24.365
<00:12:22.755>what <00:12:22.955>is <00:12:23.155>the <00:12:23.355>power <00:12:23.555>supply <00:12:23.755>that <00:12:23.955>you <00:12:24.155>have.

267
00:12:24.435 --> 00:12:26.525
<00:12:24.435>It's <00:12:24.635>a <00:12:24.834>single <00:12:25.035>isolated <00:12:25.234>sensor <00:12:25.435>that <00:12:25.635>is <00:12:25.834>somewhere,

268
00:12:26.615 --> 00:12:28.525
<00:12:26.615>which <00:12:26.815>only <00:12:27.015>is <00:12:27.215>in <00:12:27.415>the <00:12:27.615>range <00:12:27.815>of <00:12:28.015>milliwatts

269
00:12:28.665 --> 00:12:31.605
<00:12:28.665>or <00:12:28.805>with <00:12:28.944>something <00:12:29.084>where <00:12:29.224>you <00:12:29.365>say <00:12:29.505>you <00:12:29.645>have <00:12:29.785>several <00:12:29.925>watts, <00:12:30.064>uh,

270
00:12:31.755 --> 00:12:33.805
<00:12:31.755>that <00:12:31.930>you <00:12:32.105>can <00:12:32.280>use, <00:12:32.455>uh, <00:12:32.630>to <00:12:32.805>do <00:12:32.980>the <00:12:33.155>application

271
00:12:33.865 --> 00:12:35.965
<00:12:33.865>and <00:12:34.040>you <00:12:34.215>have <00:12:34.390>a <00:12:34.565>certain <00:12:34.740>requirement <00:12:34.915>on <00:12:35.090>the <00:12:35.265>speed

272
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<00:12:36.265>and <00:12:36.542>accuracy <00:12:36.819>you <00:12:37.096>need <00:12:37.373>to <00:12:37.651>apply.

273
00:12:39.235 --> 00:12:41.215
<00:12:39.235>That's <00:12:39.585>really, <00:12:39.935>really <00:12:40.285>interesting <00:12:40.635>topic.

274
00:12:41.395 --> 00:12:44.535
<00:12:41.395>So <00:12:41.569>there's <00:12:41.745>another <00:12:41.920>interesting <00:12:42.095>topic, <00:12:42.270>which <00:12:42.444>we <00:12:42.620>always <00:12:42.795>need

275
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<00:12:44.535>to <00:12:44.701>come <00:12:44.867>whenever <00:12:45.034>we <00:12:45.201>are <00:12:45.367>talking <00:12:45.534>about <00:12:45.700>the <00:12:45.867>it.

276
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<00:12:46.115>So <00:12:46.465>Alan, <00:12:46.815>what <00:12:47.165>about <00:12:47.515>security?

277
00:12:50.125 --> 00:12:53.095
<00:12:50.125>Yeah, <00:12:50.280>so <00:12:50.436>security <00:12:50.591>is, <00:12:50.747>is, <00:12:50.902>is <00:12:51.058>a <00:12:51.213>really <00:12:51.369>important <00:12:51.525>topic.

278
00:12:53.195 --> 00:12:56.135
<00:12:53.195>And <00:12:53.350>again, <00:12:53.506>we <00:12:53.661>have <00:12:53.817>here <00:12:53.972>silicon <00:12:54.128>that, <00:12:54.283>that <00:12:54.439>supports <00:12:54.595>this.

279
00:12:56.715 --> 00:12:59.495
<00:12:56.715>So, <00:12:56.890>uh, <00:12:57.065>the <00:12:57.240>optical <00:12:57.415>range <00:12:57.590>that <00:12:57.765>we <00:12:57.940>have, <00:12:58.115>um,

280
00:13:00.125 --> 00:13:02.295
<00:13:00.125>essentially <00:13:00.265>there <00:13:00.405>are <00:13:00.545>a <00:13:00.685>number <00:13:00.825>of <00:13:00.965>things <00:13:01.105>you <00:13:01.245>have <00:13:01.385>to <00:13:01.525>do.

281
00:13:02.435 --> 00:13:04.215
<00:13:02.435>Um, <00:13:02.574>you <00:13:02.714>have <00:13:02.854>to <00:13:02.994>make <00:13:03.135>sure <00:13:03.275>that <00:13:03.415>you <00:13:03.555>have <00:13:03.694>an <00:13:03.834>environment

282
00:13:04.215 --> 00:13:05.535
<00:13:04.215>where <00:13:04.512>you <00:13:04.809>have <00:13:05.106>safe <00:13:05.403>compute,

283
00:13:05.535 --> 00:13:08.095
<00:13:05.535>so <00:13:05.735>you're <00:13:05.935>running <00:13:06.135>in <00:13:06.334>a <00:13:06.535>safe <00:13:06.735>environment, <00:13:06.935>uh,

284
00:13:08.375 --> 00:13:11.815
<00:13:08.375>the <00:13:08.575>connectivity <00:13:08.775>is <00:13:08.975>safe, <00:13:09.175>that <00:13:09.375>certificates <00:13:09.575>are <00:13:09.775>safe,

285
00:13:11.875 --> 00:13:13.735
<00:13:11.875>you <00:13:12.155>know <00:13:12.435>that <00:13:12.715>you <00:13:12.995>have <00:13:13.275>certificates

286
00:13:13.735 --> 00:13:15.135
<00:13:13.735>and <00:13:14.050>rotation <00:13:14.365>on <00:13:14.680>the <00:13:14.995>device

287
00:13:15.135 --> 00:13:16.815
<00:13:15.135>that <00:13:15.368>you <00:13:15.601>have <00:13:15.835>safe <00:13:16.068>updates, <00:13:16.301>safe <00:13:16.535>boot.

288
00:13:17.355 --> 00:13:20.935
<00:13:17.355>Um, <00:13:17.510>so <00:13:17.666>that's <00:13:17.821>incredibly <00:13:17.977>important <00:13:18.132>to <00:13:18.288>secure <00:13:18.443>the <00:13:18.599>edge, <00:13:18.755>um,

289
00:13:21.155 --> 00:13:22.735
<00:13:21.155>to <00:13:21.388>be <00:13:21.621>able <00:13:21.855>to <00:13:22.088>do <00:13:22.321>these <00:13:22.555>computations.

290
00:13:23.165 --> 00:13:24.975
<00:13:23.165>When <00:13:23.398>it <00:13:23.631>comes <00:13:23.865>to <00:13:24.098>ai, <00:13:24.331>it <00:13:24.564>becomes

291
00:13:25.615 --> 00:13:27.215
<00:13:25.615>a <00:13:25.848>little <00:13:26.081>bit <00:13:26.315>more <00:13:26.548>tricky <00:13:26.781>as <00:13:27.015>well.

292
00:13:27.355 --> 00:13:30.975
<00:13:27.355>So, <00:13:27.471>um, <00:13:27.588>one <00:13:27.705>of <00:13:27.821>the <00:13:27.938>techniques <00:13:28.055>that <00:13:28.171>we <00:13:28.288>use <00:13:28.405>is, <00:13:28.521>is, <00:13:28.638>you <00:13:28.755>know,

293
00:13:31.115 --> 00:13:33.575
<00:13:31.115>um, <00:13:31.348>training <00:13:31.581>large <00:13:31.815>models <00:13:32.048>in <00:13:32.281>the <00:13:32.515>cloud

294
00:13:33.595 --> 00:13:35.855
<00:13:33.595>and <00:13:33.795>then <00:13:33.995>distilling <00:13:34.195>them <00:13:34.395>down <00:13:34.595>onto <00:13:34.795>the <00:13:34.995>edge.

295
00:13:36.675 --> 00:13:38.175
<00:13:36.675>Um, <00:13:36.867>and <00:13:37.060>one <00:13:37.253>of <00:13:37.446>the <00:13:37.639>things <00:13:37.832>you <00:13:38.025>want

296
00:13:38.175 --> 00:13:39.455
<00:13:38.175>to <00:13:38.367>make <00:13:38.559>sure <00:13:38.751>is <00:13:38.943>that <00:13:39.135>they're <00:13:39.327>secure.

297
00:13:39.515 --> 00:13:42.415
<00:13:39.515>And <00:13:39.642>so <00:13:39.769>some <00:13:39.896>of <00:13:40.024>the <00:13:40.151>things <00:13:40.278>that <00:13:40.405>we're <00:13:40.533>working <00:13:40.660>on <00:13:40.787>is <00:13:40.915>making

298
00:13:42.525 --> 00:13:45.855
<00:13:42.525>sure <00:13:42.758>that <00:13:42.991>the, <00:13:43.225>that <00:13:43.458>the <00:13:43.691>actual <00:13:43.925>code

299
00:13:45.955 --> 00:13:48.575
<00:13:45.955>that's <00:13:46.235>running <00:13:46.515>the <00:13:46.795>algorithm <00:13:47.075>is <00:13:47.355>trustworthy.

300
00:13:48.835 --> 00:13:52.415
<00:13:48.835>So <00:13:48.990>making <00:13:49.146>sure <00:13:49.301>that <00:13:49.457>you <00:13:49.612>have <00:13:49.768>trustworthiness <00:13:49.923>in <00:13:50.079>the <00:13:50.235>AI

301
00:13:52.415 --> 00:13:56.055
<00:13:52.415>that <00:13:52.555>it <00:13:52.694>hasn't <00:13:52.834>been <00:13:52.974>somehow <00:13:53.115>manipulated <00:13:53.255>on <00:13:53.395>the <00:13:53.535>edges <00:13:53.675>is <00:13:53.814>I

302
00:13:56.055 --> 00:13:57.735
<00:13:56.055>think <00:13:56.288>gonna <00:13:56.521>be <00:13:56.755>very <00:13:56.988>important <00:13:57.221>moving <00:13:57.454>forward.

303
00:13:58.565 --> 00:14:02.815
<00:13:58.565>Yeah. <00:13:58.765>Uh, <00:13:58.965>also <00:13:59.165>one <00:13:59.365>one <00:13:59.565>point <00:13:59.765>is, <00:13:59.965>uh,

304
00:14:03.485 --> 00:14:05.815
<00:14:03.485>okay, <00:14:03.660>we <00:14:03.835>can <00:14:04.010>do <00:14:04.185>a <00:14:04.360>lot <00:14:04.535>with <00:14:04.710>hardware, <00:14:04.885>obviously,

305
00:14:05.925 --> 00:14:08.775
<00:14:05.925>when <00:14:06.099>we <00:14:06.275>are <00:14:06.449>designing <00:14:06.625>these <00:14:06.800>kinds <00:14:06.974>of, <00:14:07.150>uh, <00:14:07.324>solutions,

306
00:14:09.155 --> 00:14:10.375
<00:14:09.155>but <00:14:09.429>it's <00:14:09.704>not <00:14:09.978>just <00:14:10.253>hardware.

307
00:14:10.375 --> 00:14:12.175
<00:14:10.375>There's <00:14:10.608>software <00:14:10.841>component <00:14:11.075>to <00:14:11.308>it. <00:14:11.541>Yeah, <00:14:11.775>absolutely.

308
00:14:12.175 --> 00:14:15.175
<00:14:12.175>So <00:14:12.314>we <00:14:12.454>spoke <00:14:12.594>when <00:14:12.734>we <00:14:12.875>discussed <00:14:13.015>it <00:14:13.155>yesterday <00:14:13.295>a <00:14:13.435>little <00:14:13.574>bit,

309
00:14:15.175 --> 00:14:16.695
<00:14:15.175>you <00:14:15.631>mentioned <00:14:16.087>actually, <00:14:16.543>um,

310
00:14:17.035 --> 00:14:19.975
<00:14:17.035>how <00:14:17.190>can <00:14:17.346>we <00:14:17.501>leverage <00:14:17.657>some <00:14:17.812>stuff <00:14:17.968>like <00:14:18.123>GPT <00:14:18.279>language <00:14:18.435>models,

311
00:14:20.315 --> 00:14:22.655
<00:14:20.315>for <00:14:20.665>example, <00:14:21.015>to <00:14:21.365>actually <00:14:21.715>optimize

312
00:14:22.655 --> 00:14:24.695
<00:14:22.655>and <00:14:22.888>help <00:14:23.121>people <00:14:23.355>optimize <00:14:23.588>their <00:14:23.821>code <00:14:24.055>so

313
00:14:24.695 --> 00:14:26.735
<00:14:24.695>that <00:14:24.895>it's <00:14:25.095>gonna <00:14:25.295>be <00:14:25.495>running <00:14:25.695>better <00:14:25.895>on <00:14:26.095>the,

314
00:14:26.735 --> 00:14:27.735
<00:14:26.735>on <00:14:27.035>the <00:14:27.335>chosen <00:14:27.635>platform?

315
00:14:27.805 --> 00:14:30.335
<00:14:27.805>Yeah, <00:14:28.005>let <00:14:28.204>me <00:14:28.405>say <00:14:28.604>something <00:14:28.805>on <00:14:29.005>the <00:14:29.204>principles

316
00:14:30.335 --> 00:14:32.615
<00:14:30.335>of <00:14:30.535>software <00:14:30.735>first <00:14:30.935>and <00:14:31.135>then <00:14:31.335>answer <00:14:31.535>that <00:14:31.735>question,

317
00:14:32.805 --> 00:14:34.415
<00:14:32.805>because <00:14:33.155>I <00:14:33.505>think <00:14:33.854>when <00:14:34.204>we,

318
00:14:34.605 --> 00:14:37.655
<00:14:34.605>what <00:14:34.760>we <00:14:34.916>were <00:14:35.071>discussing <00:14:35.227>on <00:14:35.382>the <00:14:35.538>hardware <00:14:35.693>side <00:14:35.849>is <00:14:36.005>a

319
00:14:37.655 --> 00:14:38.695
<00:14:37.655>choice <00:14:37.967>of <00:14:38.279>hardware, <00:14:38.591>right?

320
00:14:38.755 --> 00:14:40.695
<00:14:38.755>Do <00:14:39.035>you <00:14:39.314>have, <00:14:39.595>uh, <00:14:39.875>more <00:14:40.155>capable,

321
00:14:40.925 --> 00:14:44.095
<00:14:40.925>less <00:14:41.080>capable <00:14:41.236>depending <00:14:41.391>on <00:14:41.547>the, <00:14:41.702>on <00:14:41.858>the <00:14:42.013>area <00:14:42.169>you <00:14:42.324>want

322
00:14:44.095 --> 00:14:47.415
<00:14:44.095>to <00:14:44.202>use <00:14:44.310>it <00:14:44.418>an <00:14:44.525>A <00:14:44.633>IPC <00:14:44.741>at <00:14:44.848>the <00:14:44.956>edge <00:14:45.064>or <00:14:45.171>in <00:14:45.279>the <00:14:45.387>data <00:14:45.495>center?

323
00:14:47.665 --> 00:14:50.455
<00:14:47.665>Those <00:14:47.944>architectures <00:14:48.224>are <00:14:48.505>are <00:14:48.785>different, <00:14:49.064>um,

324
00:14:51.265 --> 00:14:52.645
<00:14:51.265>and <00:14:51.513>we <00:14:51.761>need <00:14:52.010>to <00:14:52.258>support <00:14:52.507>it.

325
00:14:52.665 --> 00:14:54.285
<00:14:52.665>So <00:14:52.865>the <00:14:53.064>best <00:14:53.265>is <00:14:53.464>to <00:14:53.665>have <00:14:53.865>an <00:14:54.064>open

326
00:14:54.605 --> 00:14:55.765
<00:14:54.605>software <00:14:54.813>stack <00:14:55.022>on <00:14:55.231>top <00:14:55.440>of <00:14:55.649>that.

327
00:14:56.145 --> 00:14:58.965
<00:14:56.145>So <00:14:56.319>the <00:14:56.495>the <00:14:56.670>developers, <00:14:56.845>you <00:14:57.020>out <00:14:57.194>there <00:14:57.370>don't <00:14:57.545>have

328
00:14:58.965 --> 00:15:02.405
<00:14:58.965>to <00:14:59.105>worry <00:14:59.245>which <00:14:59.385>hardware <00:14:59.525>is <00:14:59.665>below <00:14:59.805>and <00:14:59.945>we <00:15:00.085>can <00:15:00.225>reuse <00:15:00.365>it.

329
00:15:02.405 --> 00:15:04.125
<00:15:02.405>So <00:15:02.638>that's <00:15:02.871>very <00:15:03.105>important <00:15:03.338>for <00:15:03.571>us, <00:15:03.805>right?

330
00:15:04.705 --> 00:15:06.805
<00:15:04.705>Two, <00:15:04.905>two <00:15:05.105>things, <00:15:05.305>choice <00:15:05.505>on <00:15:05.705>the <00:15:05.905>hardware <00:15:06.105>side,

331
00:15:06.805 --> 00:15:09.645
<00:15:06.805>which <00:15:06.944>we <00:15:07.084>are <00:15:07.224>offering <00:15:07.364>in <00:15:07.505>the <00:15:07.645>openness <00:15:07.785>on <00:15:07.925>the <00:15:08.064>software <00:15:08.204>stack.

332
00:15:09.785 --> 00:15:12.845
<00:15:09.785>So <00:15:09.959>that's <00:15:10.135>a <00:15:10.310>principle <00:15:10.485>consideration <00:15:10.660>on <00:15:10.834>a <00:15:11.010>software <00:15:11.185>stack.

333
00:15:12.865 --> 00:15:14.085
<00:15:12.865>Now, <00:15:13.139>coming <00:15:13.414>to <00:15:13.688>your <00:15:13.963>question,

334
00:15:14.545 --> 00:15:16.325
<00:15:14.545>can <00:15:14.745>we <00:15:14.944>use <00:15:15.145>AI <00:15:15.344>to <00:15:15.545>make <00:15:15.745>code <00:15:15.944>better?

335
00:15:16.505 --> 00:15:18.005
<00:15:16.505>Yes, <00:15:16.955>you <00:15:17.405>can. <00:15:17.855>Um,

336
00:15:18.745 --> 00:15:22.765
<00:15:18.745>and <00:15:18.872>um, <00:15:18.999>there <00:15:19.126>are <00:15:19.254>several <00:15:19.381>things <00:15:19.508>you <00:15:19.635>can <00:15:19.763>do <00:15:19.890>that <00:15:20.017>it <00:15:20.145>starts,

337
00:15:22.775 --> 00:15:24.245
<00:15:22.775>first <00:15:23.105>of <00:15:23.436>all <00:15:23.767>with <00:15:24.098>optimization.

338
00:15:24.665 --> 00:15:29.205
<00:15:24.665>So <00:15:24.805>you <00:15:24.944>can <00:15:25.084>use <00:15:25.224>LLMs <00:15:25.365>to <00:15:25.505>basically <00:15:25.645>look <00:15:25.785>into <00:15:25.925>the <00:15:26.064>code

339
00:15:29.625 --> 00:15:31.365
<00:15:29.625>and <00:15:30.325>suggest <00:15:31.025>optimizations,

340
00:15:31.865 --> 00:15:34.885
<00:15:31.865>and <00:15:32.040>obviously <00:15:32.215>you <00:15:32.390>can <00:15:32.565>draw <00:15:32.740>this <00:15:32.915>fast <00:15:33.090>into <00:15:33.265>a,

341
00:15:35.165 --> 00:15:36.925
<00:15:35.165>a <00:15:35.444>bit <00:15:35.724>more <00:15:36.005>automation <00:15:36.285>as <00:15:36.564>well.

342
00:15:37.465 --> 00:15:40.525
<00:15:37.465>Uh, <00:15:37.640>so <00:15:37.815>it's <00:15:37.990>actually <00:15:38.165>a <00:15:38.340>good <00:15:38.515>tool <00:15:38.690>for <00:15:38.865>developers.

343
00:15:41.025 --> 00:15:43.965
<00:15:41.025>Um, <00:15:41.152>and <00:15:41.279>when <00:15:41.406>I <00:15:41.534>remember <00:15:41.661>when <00:15:41.788>I <00:15:41.915>developed <00:15:42.043>code <00:15:42.170>long <00:15:42.297>term <00:15:42.425>ago,

344
00:15:44.135 --> 00:15:46.205
<00:15:44.135>there <00:15:44.368>was <00:15:44.601>always <00:15:44.835>the <00:15:45.068>boring <00:15:45.301>stuff, <00:15:45.535>right?

345
00:15:46.305 --> 00:15:49.205
<00:15:46.305>Or <00:15:46.444>when <00:15:46.584>you <00:15:46.724>get <00:15:46.864>any <00:15:47.005>kind <00:15:47.145>of <00:15:47.285>things <00:15:47.425>with <00:15:47.564>your <00:15:47.704>program

346
00:15:49.345 --> 00:15:51.885
<00:15:49.345>and <00:15:49.520>see <00:15:49.695>you <00:15:49.870>get <00:15:50.045>a <00:15:50.220>segmentation <00:15:50.395>for <00:15:50.570>it, <00:15:50.745>right?

347
00:15:52.395 --> 00:15:54.325
<00:15:52.395>Okay, <00:15:52.628>go <00:15:52.861>and <00:15:53.095>look <00:15:53.328>for <00:15:53.561>that <00:15:53.795>Mm-Hmm.

348
00:15:54.405 --> 00:15:57.765
<00:15:54.405>If, <00:15:54.532>uh, <00:15:54.659>if <00:15:54.786>we <00:15:54.914>had <00:15:55.041>the <00:15:55.168>tools <00:15:55.295>we, <00:15:55.423>which <00:15:55.550>are <00:15:55.677>available <00:15:55.805>today

349
00:15:58.115 --> 00:16:00.645
<00:15:58.115>through <00:15:58.581>ai, <00:15:59.048>wonderful, <00:15:59.515>right?

350
00:16:00.705 --> 00:16:02.605
<00:16:00.705>So <00:16:00.905>I <00:16:01.105>think <00:16:01.305>it <00:16:01.505>can <00:16:01.705>be <00:16:01.905>used. <00:16:02.105>Absolutely.

351
00:16:03.065 --> 00:16:06.925
<00:16:03.065>And, <00:16:03.220>uh, <00:16:03.376>we <00:16:03.531>are <00:16:03.687>working, <00:16:03.842>uh, <00:16:03.998>with <00:16:04.153>startups <00:16:04.309>as <00:16:04.465>Intel,

352
00:16:06.945 --> 00:16:10.165
<00:16:06.945>and <00:16:07.085>there's <00:16:07.225>one <00:16:07.365>startup <00:16:07.505>you <00:16:07.645>can <00:16:07.785>visit <00:16:07.925>at <00:16:08.065>our <00:16:08.205>booth, <00:16:08.345>uh,

353
00:16:10.265 --> 00:16:14.845
<00:16:10.265>who <00:16:10.439>is <00:16:10.615>exactly <00:16:10.790>doing <00:16:10.965>that <00:16:11.140>using, <00:16:11.314>um, <00:16:11.490>LLMs <00:16:11.665>for,

354
00:16:15.225 --> 00:16:16.845
<00:16:15.225>uh, <00:16:15.925>code <00:16:16.625>improvement.

355
00:16:17.515 --> 00:16:20.715
<00:16:17.515>Cool. <00:16:17.715>Maybe, <00:16:17.915>uh, <00:16:18.115>one <00:16:18.314>additional <00:16:18.515>on <00:16:18.715>the <00:16:18.915>topic

356
00:16:20.715 --> 00:16:21.795
<00:16:20.715>before <00:16:21.039>on <00:16:21.363>the <00:16:21.687>security,

357
00:16:21.795 --> 00:16:24.355
<00:16:21.795>because <00:16:21.995>I <00:16:22.194>think <00:16:22.395>it's, <00:16:22.594>especially <00:16:22.795>from <00:16:22.995>developments, <00:16:23.194>um,

358
00:16:24.545 --> 00:16:26.075
<00:16:24.545>perspective <00:16:25.233>that's <00:16:25.922>important.

359
00:16:26.755 --> 00:16:28.875
<00:16:26.755>I <00:16:26.871>think <00:16:26.988>there <00:16:27.105>are <00:16:27.221>a <00:16:27.338>lot <00:16:27.455>of <00:16:27.571>things <00:16:27.688>of <00:16:27.805>course <00:16:27.921>you <00:16:28.038>also <00:16:28.155>need

360
00:16:28.875 --> 00:16:30.835
<00:16:28.875>to <00:16:29.075>apply <00:16:29.275>in, <00:16:29.475>in, <00:16:29.675>in <00:16:29.875>the <00:16:30.075>machine <00:16:30.275>learning.

361
00:16:30.935 --> 00:16:34.435
<00:16:30.935>So <00:16:31.051>you <00:16:31.168>always <00:16:31.285>need <00:16:31.401>to <00:16:31.518>look <00:16:31.635>at <00:16:31.751>also <00:16:31.868>at <00:16:31.984>the <00:16:32.101>edge <00:16:32.218>to <00:16:32.334>see

362
00:16:34.495 --> 00:16:36.355
<00:16:34.495>how <00:16:34.695>do <00:16:34.895>you <00:16:35.095>boot, <00:16:35.295>do <00:16:35.495>you <00:16:35.695>have <00:16:35.895>implemented

363
00:16:36.355 --> 00:16:37.435
<00:16:36.355>a <00:16:36.598>secure <00:16:36.841>boot, <00:16:37.084>for <00:16:37.327>example?

364
00:16:37.595 --> 00:16:39.315
<00:16:37.595>I <00:16:37.828>can <00:16:38.061>only <00:16:38.295>recommend <00:16:38.528>to <00:16:38.761>do <00:16:38.995>that.

365
00:16:39.815 --> 00:16:42.755
<00:16:39.815>And <00:16:39.942>of <00:16:40.069>course <00:16:40.196>also <00:16:40.324>on <00:16:40.451>the <00:16:40.578>way <00:16:40.705>how <00:16:40.833>you <00:16:40.960>identify <00:16:41.087>nodes <00:16:41.215>in,

366
00:16:42.875 --> 00:16:45.475
<00:16:42.875>in <00:16:43.015>a <00:16:43.155>network, <00:16:43.295>whatever <00:16:43.435>network <00:16:43.575>it <00:16:43.715>is, <00:16:43.855>whatever <00:16:43.995>kind <00:16:44.135>of, <00:16:44.275>uh,

367
00:16:45.475 --> 00:16:49.915
<00:16:45.475>connectivity <00:16:45.615>setup <00:16:45.755>you <00:16:45.895>have, <00:16:46.035>you <00:16:46.175>need <00:16:46.315>really <00:16:46.455>to <00:16:46.595>um, <00:16:46.735>um, <00:16:46.875>uh,

368
00:16:50.065 --> 00:16:53.475
<00:16:50.065>make <00:16:50.240>sure <00:16:50.415>you, <00:16:50.590>you, <00:16:50.765>uh, <00:16:50.940>identify, <00:16:51.115>authenticate <00:16:51.290>your <00:16:51.465>devices

369
00:16:53.615 --> 00:16:55.355
<00:16:53.615>and <00:16:53.848>you <00:16:54.081>also <00:16:54.315>secure <00:16:54.548>them <00:16:54.781>the <00:16:55.015>connectivity,

370
00:16:55.815 --> 00:16:59.875
<00:16:55.815>and <00:16:55.931>you <00:16:56.048>have <00:16:56.165>to <00:16:56.281>have <00:16:56.398>an <00:16:56.515>update <00:16:56.631>service, <00:16:56.748>uh, <00:16:56.865>in <00:16:56.981>order <00:16:57.098>to <00:16:57.215>then

371
00:16:59.975 --> 00:17:02.675
<00:16:59.975>of <00:17:00.175>course <00:17:00.375>update <00:17:00.575>also <00:17:00.775>against, <00:17:00.975>uh, <00:17:01.175>their <00:17:01.375>security

372
00:17:02.815 --> 00:17:05.435
<00:17:02.815>or <00:17:02.955>other <00:17:03.095>failures <00:17:03.235>or <00:17:03.375>bugs <00:17:03.515>that <00:17:03.655>you <00:17:03.795>have <00:17:03.935>in <00:17:04.075>the <00:17:04.215>system.

373
00:17:05.635 --> 00:17:08.835
<00:17:05.635>I <00:17:05.790>think <00:17:05.946>the <00:17:06.101>principles <00:17:06.257>also <00:17:06.412>when <00:17:06.568>using <00:17:06.723>ml, <00:17:06.879>for <00:17:07.035>example,

374
00:17:08.855 --> 00:17:11.035
<00:17:08.855>in <00:17:09.055>the <00:17:09.255>edge, <00:17:09.454>um, <00:17:09.655>is <00:17:09.855>are <00:17:10.055>not <00:17:10.255>different,

375
00:17:11.135 --> 00:17:12.155
<00:17:11.135>but <00:17:11.441>they're <00:17:11.747>very <00:17:12.052>important

376
00:17:12.255 --> 00:17:15.235
<00:17:12.255>and <00:17:12.410>they're <00:17:12.566>not <00:17:12.721>always <00:17:12.877>taken <00:17:13.032>into <00:17:13.188>consideration <00:17:13.343>in <00:17:13.499>the <00:17:13.655>way

377
00:17:15.575 --> 00:17:17.155
<00:17:15.575>we <00:17:15.808>would <00:17:16.041>love <00:17:16.275>to <00:17:16.508>see <00:17:16.741>it, <00:17:16.975>honestly.

378
00:17:17.415 --> 00:17:19.595
<00:17:17.415>But <00:17:17.589>your <00:17:17.764>company <00:17:17.940>also <00:17:18.115>offers <00:17:18.290>a <00:17:18.464>set <00:17:18.639>of <00:17:18.815>tooling,

379
00:17:19.635 --> 00:17:20.955
<00:17:19.635>so <00:17:19.804>when <00:17:19.974>we <00:17:20.144>were <00:17:20.313>talking <00:17:20.483>about <00:17:20.653>the <00:17:20.822>tools

380
00:17:20.955 --> 00:17:22.515
<00:17:20.954>that <00:17:21.234>are <00:17:21.514>available <00:17:21.794>there, <00:17:22.074>so <00:17:22.355>can

381
00:17:22.515 --> 00:17:23.595
<00:17:22.515>you <00:17:22.677>expand <00:17:22.839>a <00:17:23.001>little <00:17:23.163>bit <00:17:23.325>on <00:17:23.487>that?

382
00:17:24.065 --> 00:17:26.835
<00:17:24.065>Yeah, <00:17:24.265>that's <00:17:24.465>also <00:17:24.665>very <00:17:24.865>important <00:17:25.065>is, <00:17:25.265>um, <00:17:25.465>um,

383
00:17:26.905 --> 00:17:29.195
<00:17:26.905>when <00:17:27.138>you <00:17:27.371>have, <00:17:27.605>um, <00:17:27.838>uh, <00:17:28.071>edge <00:17:28.305>devices

384
00:17:29.335 --> 00:17:31.315
<00:17:29.335>and <00:17:29.490>you <00:17:29.646>said <00:17:29.801>it, <00:17:29.957>there's <00:17:30.112>of <00:17:30.268>course <00:17:30.423>a <00:17:30.579>certain <00:17:30.735>amount

385
00:17:31.315 --> 00:17:33.235
<00:17:31.315>of <00:17:31.470>memory <00:17:31.626>that <00:17:31.781>you <00:17:31.937>have <00:17:32.092>and <00:17:32.248>you <00:17:32.403>don't <00:17:32.559>have <00:17:32.715>more,

386
00:17:33.575 --> 00:17:35.235
<00:17:33.575>and <00:17:33.808>there's <00:17:34.041>a <00:17:34.275>certain <00:17:34.508>amount <00:17:34.741>of <00:17:34.975>speed

387
00:17:35.335 --> 00:17:37.155
<00:17:35.335>and, <00:17:35.615>uh, <00:17:35.895>resources <00:17:36.175>that <00:17:36.455>you <00:17:36.735>have.

388
00:17:37.615 --> 00:17:40.555
<00:17:37.615>So <00:17:37.755>when <00:17:37.895>we <00:17:38.035>offer, <00:17:38.175>um, <00:17:38.315>then, <00:17:38.455>uh, <00:17:38.595>for <00:17:38.735>example, <00:17:38.875>the <00:17:39.015>EIQ

389
00:17:40.555 --> 00:17:43.395
<00:17:40.555>and <00:17:40.710>the <00:17:40.866>EIQ <00:17:41.021>is <00:17:41.177>an <00:17:41.332>environment <00:17:41.488>where <00:17:41.643>you <00:17:41.799>find <00:17:41.955>the,

390
00:17:43.395 --> 00:17:45.195
<00:17:43.395>the <00:17:43.595>neural <00:17:43.795>network <00:17:43.995>models <00:17:44.195>on <00:17:44.395>the <00:17:44.595>one <00:17:44.795>hand,

391
00:17:45.655 --> 00:17:48.435
<00:17:45.655>and <00:17:45.782>you <00:17:45.909>also <00:17:46.036>can <00:17:46.164>use <00:17:46.291>it <00:17:46.418>in <00:17:46.545>order <00:17:46.673>to <00:17:46.800>do <00:17:46.927>the <00:17:47.055>training

392
00:17:48.575 --> 00:17:49.685
<00:17:48.575>of, <00:17:48.908>um, <00:17:49.241>your <00:17:49.574>model.

393
00:17:50.065 --> 00:17:52.605
<00:17:50.065>Um, <00:17:50.265>you <00:17:50.465>have <00:17:50.665>then, <00:17:50.865>um, <00:17:51.065>compilers <00:17:51.265>in <00:17:51.465>there,

394
00:17:52.625 --> 00:17:53.725
<00:17:52.625>you <00:17:52.872>have <00:17:53.120>libraries <00:17:53.367>in <00:17:53.615>there,

395
00:17:54.065 --> 00:17:56.845
<00:17:54.065>and <00:17:54.240>also <00:17:54.415>you <00:17:54.590>have <00:17:54.765>then <00:17:54.940>abstraction <00:17:55.115>layer <00:17:55.290>abstraction <00:17:55.465>layers,

396
00:17:56.865 --> 00:17:59.765
<00:17:56.865>for <00:17:57.040>example, <00:17:57.215>for <00:17:57.390>tensor <00:17:57.565>flow <00:17:57.740>or <00:17:57.915>for <00:17:58.090>glow, <00:17:58.265>um,

397
00:17:59.825 --> 00:18:01.285
<00:17:59.825>or <00:18:00.153>new <00:18:00.482>arm <00:18:00.810>neural <00:18:01.139>network.

398
00:18:01.705 --> 00:18:05.725
<00:18:01.705>Um, <00:18:01.845>so <00:18:01.985>it's <00:18:02.125>really <00:18:02.264>about <00:18:02.405>how <00:18:02.544>do <00:18:02.685>we, <00:18:02.824>um, <00:18:02.965>provide <00:18:03.105>also

399
00:18:05.725 --> 00:18:08.045
<00:18:05.725>to <00:18:06.004>the <00:18:06.284>developer, <00:18:06.564>um, <00:18:06.844>something <00:18:07.125>there

400
00:18:08.045 --> 00:18:09.645
<00:18:08.045>where <00:18:08.220>he <00:18:08.395>can <00:18:08.570>really <00:18:08.745>then <00:18:08.920>come <00:18:09.095>with <00:18:09.270>his <00:18:09.445>problem

401
00:18:09.825 --> 00:18:13.045
<00:18:09.825>and <00:18:10.000>right <00:18:10.175>away <00:18:10.350>go <00:18:10.525>into <00:18:10.700>selecting <00:18:10.875>the <00:18:11.050>right <00:18:11.225>model,

402
00:18:13.365 --> 00:18:14.565
<00:18:13.365>training <00:18:13.725>it, <00:18:14.085>testing <00:18:14.445>it,

403
00:18:14.745 --> 00:18:16.805
<00:18:14.745>and <00:18:14.945>then <00:18:15.145>say, <00:18:15.344>yes, <00:18:15.544>now <00:18:15.745>my <00:18:15.945>application <00:18:16.145>runs

404
00:18:17.035 --> 00:18:19.245
<00:18:17.035>with <00:18:17.210>the <00:18:17.385>performance <00:18:17.560>and <00:18:17.735>in <00:18:17.910>the <00:18:18.085>budget <00:18:18.260>that <00:18:18.435>I,

405
00:18:19.245 --> 00:18:20.725
<00:18:19.245>that <00:18:19.511>I <00:18:19.777>wanted <00:18:20.044>to, <00:18:20.310>to <00:18:20.577>achieve.

406
00:18:21.715 --> 00:18:24.125
<00:18:21.715>Yeah, <00:18:21.870>I, <00:18:22.026>I <00:18:22.181>think <00:18:22.337>the <00:18:22.492>development <00:18:22.648>tools <00:18:22.803>as <00:18:22.959>well <00:18:23.115>are,

407
00:18:24.305 --> 00:18:26.965
<00:18:24.305>are <00:18:24.460>super <00:18:24.616>important, <00:18:24.771>is <00:18:24.927>something <00:18:25.082>that <00:18:25.238>we <00:18:25.393>spend <00:18:25.549>a <00:18:25.705>lot

408
00:18:26.965 --> 00:18:31.005
<00:18:26.965>of <00:18:27.092>time <00:18:27.219>on <00:18:27.346>as <00:18:27.474>well, <00:18:27.601>uh, <00:18:27.728>with <00:18:27.855>modus <00:18:27.983>toolbox, <00:18:28.110>uh, <00:18:28.237>you <00:18:28.365>know,

409
00:18:31.065 --> 00:18:32.645
<00:18:31.065>the, <00:18:31.531>the <00:18:31.998>ML <00:18:32.465>models

410
00:18:32.745 --> 00:18:35.565
<00:18:32.745>and <00:18:32.900>bringing <00:18:33.056>ML <00:18:33.211>models <00:18:33.367>onto <00:18:33.522>our <00:18:33.678>micro <00:18:33.833>controls <00:18:33.989>is <00:18:34.145>very

411
00:18:35.565 --> 00:18:37.525
<00:18:35.565>important, <00:18:35.765>but <00:18:35.965>I <00:18:36.165>think <00:18:36.365>there's <00:18:36.565>another <00:18:36.765>important <00:18:36.965>aspect

412
00:18:37.525 --> 00:18:41.245
<00:18:37.525>for <00:18:37.665>developers, <00:18:37.805>and <00:18:37.945>that's <00:18:38.085>with <00:18:38.225>the <00:18:38.365>advent <00:18:38.505>of <00:18:38.645>AI, <00:18:38.785>is <00:18:38.925>using

413
00:18:41.545 --> 00:18:44.045
<00:18:41.545>to <00:18:41.895>actual <00:18:42.245>develop <00:18:42.595>algorithms <00:18:42.945>themselves.

414
00:18:44.145 --> 00:18:46.565
<00:18:44.145>So <00:18:44.345>using <00:18:44.545>it <00:18:44.745>to <00:18:44.945>develop <00:18:45.145>a <00:18:45.345>control <00:18:45.545>algorithm

415
00:18:47.155 --> 00:18:49.525
<00:18:47.155>that <00:18:47.355>is <00:18:47.555>in <00:18:47.754>many <00:18:47.955>cases <00:18:48.155>more <00:18:48.355>optimal <00:18:48.555>than

416
00:18:49.525 --> 00:18:51.325
<00:18:49.525>what <00:18:49.805>a <00:18:50.085>human <00:18:50.365>could <00:18:50.645>write, <00:18:50.925>right?

417
00:18:51.325 --> 00:18:54.205
<00:18:51.325>So <00:18:51.465>I <00:18:51.605>think <00:18:51.745>this <00:18:51.885>is <00:18:52.025>the <00:18:52.165>potential <00:18:52.305>that <00:18:52.445>we're <00:18:52.585>seeing <00:18:52.725>coming

418
00:18:54.205 --> 00:18:57.285
<00:18:54.205>through <00:18:54.360>software <00:18:54.516>and <00:18:54.671>maybe <00:18:54.827>the <00:18:54.982>advent <00:18:55.138>of, <00:18:55.293>you <00:18:55.449>know, <00:18:55.605>um,

419
00:18:57.685 --> 00:19:00.205
<00:18:57.685>software <00:18:57.965>development <00:18:58.245>being <00:18:58.524>augmented <00:18:58.804>through <00:18:59.085>agents

420
00:19:00.205 --> 00:19:03.485
<00:19:00.205>that <00:19:00.485>develop <00:19:00.764>code <00:19:01.044>themselves <00:19:01.324>and <00:19:01.605>algorithms.

421
00:19:04.725 --> 00:19:08.895
<00:19:04.725>Cool. <00:19:04.841>So <00:19:04.958>I <00:19:05.074>mean, <00:19:05.191>we <00:19:05.308>are <00:19:05.425>now <00:19:05.541>kind <00:19:05.658>of <00:19:05.774>like <00:19:05.891>the <00:19:06.008>last <00:19:06.125>third

422
00:19:09.275 --> 00:19:12.695
<00:19:09.275>of, <00:19:09.391>of <00:19:09.508>our <00:19:09.625>panel, <00:19:09.741>so <00:19:09.858>I <00:19:09.975>would <00:19:10.091>like, <00:19:10.208>uh, <00:19:10.325>to <00:19:10.441>ask <00:19:10.558>a <00:19:10.675>question.

423
00:19:12.695 --> 00:19:13.775
<00:19:12.695>It's <00:19:12.937>a <00:19:13.181>more <00:19:13.424>general <00:19:13.667>question,

424
00:19:13.775 --> 00:19:16.415
<00:19:13.775>but <00:19:13.950>talan, <00:19:14.125>you <00:19:14.300>can <00:19:14.475>start <00:19:14.650>what <00:19:14.825>the <00:19:15.000>future <00:19:15.175>holds.

425
00:19:16.795 --> 00:19:19.095
<00:19:16.795>So <00:19:16.970>obviously <00:19:17.145>we <00:19:17.320>now <00:19:17.495>described <00:19:17.670>where <00:19:17.845>we <00:19:18.020>currently <00:19:18.195>are,

426
00:19:19.095 --> 00:19:20.215
<00:19:19.095>what <00:19:19.347>we <00:19:19.599>are <00:19:19.851>currently <00:19:20.102>doing.

427
00:19:20.275 --> 00:19:23.015
<00:19:20.275>So <00:19:20.450>basically, <00:19:20.625>I <00:19:20.800>mean, <00:19:20.975>there <00:19:21.150>are <00:19:21.325>many <00:19:21.500>different <00:19:21.675>approaches.

428
00:19:23.085 --> 00:19:26.735
<00:19:23.085>There's, <00:19:23.365>uh, <00:19:23.645>neuromorphic <00:19:23.925>computing, <00:19:24.205>optical <00:19:24.485>computing,

429
00:19:26.735 --> 00:19:27.815
<00:19:26.735>quantum <00:19:27.707>computing.

430
00:19:27.815 --> 00:19:30.015
<00:19:27.815>We <00:19:27.990>had <00:19:28.165>a <00:19:28.340>panel <00:19:28.515>this <00:19:28.690>morning <00:19:28.865>about <00:19:29.040>quantum <00:19:29.215>computing.

431
00:19:30.395 --> 00:19:34.095
<00:19:30.395>So <00:19:30.502>what <00:19:30.610>do <00:19:30.718>you <00:19:30.825>think <00:19:30.933>is <00:19:31.041>going <00:19:31.148>to <00:19:31.256>be <00:19:31.364>the <00:19:31.471>next <00:19:31.579>thing <00:19:31.687>in <00:19:31.795>this,

432
00:19:34.115 --> 00:19:35.775
<00:19:34.115>in <00:19:34.348>this <00:19:34.581>kind <00:19:34.815>of, <00:19:35.048>this <00:19:35.281>kind <00:19:35.515>of,

433
00:19:35.975 --> 00:19:37.455
<00:19:35.975>I <00:19:36.241>wouldn't <00:19:36.507>say <00:19:36.774>just <00:19:37.040>exoscale <00:19:37.307>compute,

434
00:19:37.455 --> 00:19:38.975
<00:19:37.455>but <00:19:37.728>any <00:19:38.002>kind <00:19:38.275>of <00:19:38.549>massive <00:19:38.822>compute.

435
00:19:40.235 --> 00:19:42.975
<00:19:40.235>So <00:19:40.409>if <00:19:40.584>I <00:19:40.760>go <00:19:40.935>to <00:19:41.110>massive <00:19:41.284>scale <00:19:41.459>computing, <00:19:41.635>and,

436
00:19:43.035 --> 00:19:46.335
<00:19:43.035>and <00:19:43.190>I <00:19:43.346>know <00:19:43.501>this <00:19:43.657>sounds, <00:19:43.812>uh, <00:19:43.968>maybe <00:19:44.123>not <00:19:44.279>very <00:19:44.435>intuitive,

437
00:19:46.475 --> 00:19:48.375
<00:19:46.475>but <00:19:46.675>I <00:19:46.875>think <00:19:47.074>power <00:19:47.274>is <00:19:47.475>gonna <00:19:47.675>be <00:19:47.875>one

438
00:19:48.375 --> 00:19:50.895
<00:19:48.375>of <00:19:48.608>the <00:19:48.841>major <00:19:49.075>limitating <00:19:49.308>uh, <00:19:49.541>limiting <00:19:49.775>factors.

439
00:19:51.635 --> 00:19:53.895
<00:19:51.635>So <00:19:51.810>if <00:19:51.985>you <00:19:52.160>think <00:19:52.335>that, <00:19:52.510>um, <00:19:52.685>you <00:19:52.860>know, <00:19:53.035>the,

440
00:19:53.915 --> 00:19:57.775
<00:19:53.915>the <00:19:54.070>power <00:19:54.226>consumption <00:19:54.381>is <00:19:54.537>growing <00:19:54.692>10% <00:19:54.848>year <00:19:55.003>over <00:19:55.159>year, <00:19:55.315>um,

441
00:19:57.835 --> 00:19:59.215
<00:19:57.835>and <00:19:58.042>by <00:19:58.249>the <00:19:58.456>end <00:19:58.663>of <00:19:58.870>the <00:19:59.077>decade

442
00:19:59.865 --> 00:20:02.455
<00:19:59.865>these <00:20:00.040>data <00:20:00.215>centers <00:20:00.390>are <00:20:00.565>gonna <00:20:00.740>be <00:20:00.915>using <00:20:01.090>about <00:20:01.265>7%

443
00:20:02.455 --> 00:20:04.775
<00:20:02.455>of <00:20:02.804>the <00:20:03.155>global, <00:20:03.504>um, <00:20:03.855>electricity.

444
00:20:04.795 --> 00:20:06.735
<00:20:04.795>So <00:20:04.995>that's <00:20:05.195>about <00:20:05.395>the <00:20:05.595>size <00:20:05.795>of <00:20:05.995>India, <00:20:06.195>all

445
00:20:06.735 --> 00:20:08.775
<00:20:06.735>of <00:20:07.014>the <00:20:07.294>energy <00:20:07.574>consumed <00:20:07.854>by <00:20:08.135>India.

446
00:20:09.395 --> 00:20:12.295
<00:20:09.395>Um, <00:20:09.570>so <00:20:09.745>getting <00:20:09.920>that <00:20:10.095>power <00:20:10.270>into <00:20:10.445>these <00:20:10.620>data <00:20:10.795>centers,

447
00:20:12.295 --> 00:20:15.975
<00:20:12.295>getting <00:20:12.422>it <00:20:12.549>into <00:20:12.676>the <00:20:12.804>cause <00:20:12.931>so <00:20:13.058>that <00:20:13.185>they <00:20:13.313>can <00:20:13.440>process <00:20:13.567>that <00:20:13.695>data

448
00:20:16.675 --> 00:20:18.495
<00:20:16.675>is <00:20:16.955>gonna <00:20:17.235>be <00:20:17.514>very, <00:20:17.794>very <00:20:18.075>important.

449
00:20:18.635 --> 00:20:20.735
<00:20:18.635>And <00:20:18.775>I <00:20:18.915>think <00:20:19.055>we're <00:20:19.195>putting <00:20:19.335>a <00:20:19.475>lot <00:20:19.615>of <00:20:19.754>effort <00:20:19.895>into <00:20:20.035>that

450
00:20:20.735 --> 00:20:24.215
<00:20:20.735>with <00:20:21.014>new, <00:20:21.294>um, <00:20:21.574>materials <00:20:21.854>like, <00:20:22.135>um,

451
00:20:24.845 --> 00:20:27.855
<00:20:24.845>silicon <00:20:25.020>carbide, <00:20:25.195>um, <00:20:25.370>to <00:20:25.545>make <00:20:25.720>sure <00:20:25.895>that <00:20:26.070>that <00:20:26.245>happens.

452
00:20:27.955 --> 00:20:31.535
<00:20:27.955>So <00:20:28.155>optimizing <00:20:28.355>that, <00:20:28.554>reducing <00:20:28.754>the <00:20:28.955>carbon <00:20:29.155>footprint, <00:20:29.355>um,

453
00:20:31.895 --> 00:20:33.855
<00:20:31.895>I <00:20:32.070>think <00:20:32.245>that's <00:20:32.420>gonna <00:20:32.595>be <00:20:32.770>a, <00:20:32.945>a <00:20:33.120>big <00:20:33.295>focus.

454
00:20:33.995 --> 00:20:37.855
<00:20:33.995>And <00:20:34.169>then <00:20:34.344>going <00:20:34.520>into <00:20:34.695>fiber <00:20:34.870>optics <00:20:35.044>for <00:20:35.219>the <00:20:35.395>interconnect

455
00:20:37.855 --> 00:20:39.975
<00:20:37.855>between <00:20:38.030>these <00:20:38.205>chips <00:20:38.380>I <00:20:38.555>think <00:20:38.730>is <00:20:38.905>gonna <00:20:39.080>be <00:20:39.255>a

456
00:20:39.975 --> 00:20:41.455
<00:20:39.975>big <00:20:40.418>aspect <00:20:40.862>as <00:20:41.307>well.

457
00:20:42.905 --> 00:20:44.555
<00:20:42.905>Yeah, <00:20:43.138>I <00:20:43.371>mean <00:20:43.605>you <00:20:43.838>mentioned <00:20:44.071>a <00:20:44.305>few

458
00:20:44.555 --> 00:20:45.875
<00:20:44.555>buzzwords <00:20:44.951>already <00:20:45.347>on <00:20:45.743>that.

459
00:20:46.415 --> 00:20:49.285
<00:20:46.415>So <00:20:46.695>I <00:20:46.975>think, <00:20:47.254>um, <00:20:47.534>there's <00:20:47.815>multidi,

460
00:20:49.285 --> 00:20:52.165
<00:20:49.285>it's <00:20:49.518>a <00:20:49.751>multidimensional <00:20:49.985>problem, <00:20:50.218>obviously, <00:20:50.451>if <00:20:50.685>every,

461
00:20:52.465 --> 00:20:54.125
<00:20:52.465>if <00:20:52.745>we <00:20:53.024>get <00:20:53.304>more <00:20:53.584>AI <00:20:53.865>usage,

462
00:20:54.675 --> 00:20:58.165
<00:20:54.675>this <00:20:54.830>will <00:20:54.986>grow <00:20:55.141>the <00:20:55.297>energy <00:20:55.452>consumption <00:20:55.608>as <00:20:55.763>you <00:20:55.919>have <00:20:56.075>said,

463
00:20:58.505 --> 00:20:59.845
<00:20:58.505>and <00:20:58.806>that's <00:20:59.108>what <00:20:59.409>a <00:20:59.711>lot

464
00:20:59.845 --> 00:21:02.565
<00:20:59.845>of <00:21:00.045>people <00:21:00.245>have <00:21:00.445>their <00:21:00.645>attention <00:21:00.845>on <00:21:01.045>right <00:21:01.245>now.

465
00:21:02.625 --> 00:21:07.405
<00:21:02.625>So <00:21:02.825>you <00:21:03.025>can <00:21:03.225>use <00:21:03.425>efficiencies <00:21:03.625>by <00:21:03.825>this <00:21:04.025>choice

466
00:21:07.425 --> 00:21:09.085
<00:21:07.425>of <00:21:07.774>hardware <00:21:08.125>we <00:21:08.475>just <00:21:08.825>discussed.

467
00:21:09.505 --> 00:21:11.885
<00:21:09.505>Um, <00:21:09.785>so <00:21:10.065>basically <00:21:10.345>keeping <00:21:10.625>the <00:21:10.905>compute

468
00:21:11.885 --> 00:21:15.045
<00:21:11.885>where <00:21:12.085>it's <00:21:12.285>most <00:21:12.485>efficient <00:21:12.685>and <00:21:12.885>and <00:21:13.085>most <00:21:13.285>usable.

469
00:21:15.065 --> 00:21:16.525
<00:21:15.065>So <00:21:15.327>that <00:21:15.590>is <00:21:15.853>also <00:21:16.116>a <00:21:16.379>part,

470
00:21:16.865 --> 00:21:19.005
<00:21:16.865>or <00:21:17.065>you <00:21:17.265>can <00:21:17.465>design <00:21:17.665>your <00:21:17.865>data <00:21:18.065>centers <00:21:18.265>better

471
00:21:19.105 --> 00:21:20.125
<00:21:19.105>to <00:21:19.334>be <00:21:19.564>much <00:21:19.793>more <00:21:20.023>efficient.

472
00:21:20.125 --> 00:21:23.085
<00:21:20.125>There's <00:21:20.325>a <00:21:20.525>lot <00:21:20.725>of <00:21:20.925>room <00:21:21.125>for <00:21:21.325>improvement <00:21:21.525>there,

473
00:21:23.825 --> 00:21:27.245
<00:21:23.825>but <00:21:23.965>um, <00:21:24.105>you <00:21:24.245>can <00:21:24.385>also <00:21:24.525>go <00:21:24.665>on <00:21:24.805>the <00:21:24.945>chip <00:21:25.085>level, <00:21:25.225>right?

474
00:21:27.305 --> 00:21:29.525
<00:21:27.305>And <00:21:27.585>think <00:21:27.865>of, <00:21:28.145>uh, <00:21:28.425>different <00:21:28.705>ways

475
00:21:30.065 --> 00:21:32.285
<00:21:30.065>to <00:21:30.240>do <00:21:30.415>the <00:21:30.590>compute <00:21:30.765>than <00:21:30.940>we <00:21:31.115>do <00:21:31.290>it <00:21:31.465>today.

476
00:21:32.335 --> 00:21:34.685
<00:21:32.335>Today <00:21:32.615>we <00:21:32.895>have <00:21:33.175>the <00:21:33.455>Mann <00:21:33.735>architecture.

477
00:21:35.185 --> 00:21:37.645
<00:21:35.185>Um, <00:21:35.418>it's <00:21:35.651>around <00:21:35.885>for <00:21:36.118>a <00:21:36.351>long <00:21:36.585>while.

478
00:21:37.665 --> 00:21:39.125
<00:21:37.665>It <00:21:37.927>has <00:21:38.190>been <00:21:38.453>proven <00:21:38.716>very <00:21:38.979>efficient,

479
00:21:39.385 --> 00:21:42.405
<00:21:39.385>but <00:21:39.540>if <00:21:39.696>you <00:21:39.851>look <00:21:40.007>at <00:21:40.162>what <00:21:40.318>the <00:21:40.473>computer <00:21:40.629>here <00:21:40.785>does,

480
00:21:43.185 --> 00:21:44.935
<00:21:43.185>which <00:21:43.418>we <00:21:43.651>carry <00:21:43.885>around <00:21:44.118>all <00:21:44.351>day <00:21:44.585>long,

481
00:21:44.965 --> 00:21:48.695
<00:21:44.965>it's <00:21:45.120>pretty <00:21:45.276>efficient <00:21:45.431>in <00:21:45.587>terms <00:21:45.742>of <00:21:45.898>power <00:21:46.053>usage <00:21:46.209>versus <00:21:46.365>output.

482
00:21:49.135 --> 00:21:50.135
<00:21:49.135>I <00:21:49.360>hope <00:21:49.585>you <00:21:49.810>will <00:21:50.035>agree.

483
00:21:50.715 --> 00:21:52.015
<00:21:50.715>And <00:21:50.948>if <00:21:51.183>you <00:21:51.417>look <00:21:51.651>into <00:21:51.885>that,

484
00:21:52.015 --> 00:21:55.535
<00:21:52.015>obviously <00:21:52.190>neural <00:21:52.365>networks <00:21:52.540>are <00:21:52.715>a <00:21:52.890>first <00:21:53.065>step <00:21:53.240>into, <00:21:53.415>yeah,

485
00:21:55.555 --> 00:21:57.895
<00:21:55.555>you <00:21:55.710>have <00:21:55.866>neurons <00:21:56.021>there <00:21:56.177>as <00:21:56.332>well, <00:21:56.488>but <00:21:56.643>it's <00:21:56.799>very <00:21:56.955>different.

486
00:21:58.475 --> 00:22:00.975
<00:21:58.475>So <00:21:58.708>if <00:21:58.941>you <00:21:59.175>look <00:21:59.408>into <00:21:59.641>neuromorphic <00:21:59.875>computing,

487
00:22:00.975 --> 00:22:03.015
<00:22:00.975>neuromorphic <00:22:01.324>computing <00:22:01.675>very <00:22:02.024>simply <00:22:02.375>spoke

488
00:22:03.015 --> 00:22:05.335
<00:22:03.015>and <00:22:03.248>takes <00:22:03.481>this <00:22:03.715>a <00:22:03.948>step <00:22:04.181>further, <00:22:04.415>um,

489
00:22:05.635 --> 00:22:08.855
<00:22:05.635>and <00:22:05.868>goes <00:22:06.101>away <00:22:06.335>from, <00:22:06.568>uh, <00:22:06.801>some <00:22:07.035>traditional

490
00:22:09.655 --> 00:22:11.175
<00:22:09.655>computer <00:22:10.339>architecture, <00:22:11.023>uh,

491
00:22:11.175 --> 00:22:14.175
<00:22:11.175>without <00:22:11.330>going <00:22:11.486>into <00:22:11.641>too <00:22:11.797>much <00:22:11.952>detail <00:22:12.108>and <00:22:12.263>has <00:22:12.419>some <00:22:12.575>promises.

492
00:22:14.235 --> 00:22:17.615
<00:22:14.235>So <00:22:14.409>our <00:22:14.584>intel <00:22:14.760>labs <00:22:14.935>guys <00:22:15.110>have <00:22:15.284>been <00:22:15.459>working <00:22:15.635>on

493
00:22:17.615 --> 00:22:19.375
<00:22:17.615>that <00:22:17.895>since <00:22:18.175>quite <00:22:18.455>a <00:22:18.735>long <00:22:19.015>time.

494
00:22:20.075 --> 00:22:24.455
<00:22:20.075>And <00:22:20.275>uh, <00:22:20.475>they <00:22:20.675>actually <00:22:20.875>bring <00:22:21.075>out <00:22:21.275>research <00:22:21.475>chips.

495
00:22:25.155 --> 00:22:26.695
<00:22:25.155>Lui <00:22:25.432>two <00:22:25.709>is <00:22:25.986>the <00:22:26.263>current <00:22:26.541>one,

496
00:22:26.915 --> 00:22:29.095
<00:22:26.915>and <00:22:27.115>they <00:22:27.315>built <00:22:27.514>bigger <00:22:27.715>machines <00:22:27.915>out <00:22:28.115>of <00:22:28.315>that.

497
00:22:29.155 --> 00:22:32.295
<00:22:29.155>So <00:22:29.271>if <00:22:29.388>any <00:22:29.504>of <00:22:29.621>you <00:22:29.738>is <00:22:29.855>interested, <00:22:29.971>you <00:22:30.088>can <00:22:30.205>read <00:22:30.321>stuff <00:22:30.438>about <00:22:30.555>it.

498
00:22:32.295 --> 00:22:33.335
<00:22:32.295>We <00:22:32.482>don't <00:22:32.669>have <00:22:32.856>the <00:22:33.043>time <00:22:33.231>here,

499
00:22:33.435 --> 00:22:34.815
<00:22:33.435>but <00:22:33.745>it's <00:22:34.056>an <00:22:34.366>interesting <00:22:34.677>approach.

500
00:22:35.125 --> 00:22:38.415
<00:22:35.125>It's <00:22:35.325>in <00:22:35.525>research, <00:22:35.725>but <00:22:35.925>it <00:22:36.125>shows <00:22:36.325>it's <00:22:36.525>practical

501
00:22:38.515 --> 00:22:40.455
<00:22:38.515>practicalities <00:22:39.215>already, <00:22:39.915>right?

502
00:22:40.475 --> 00:22:42.815
<00:22:40.475>So <00:22:40.708>that's <00:22:40.941>one <00:22:41.175>approach. <00:22:41.408>There's <00:22:41.641>certainly <00:22:41.875>others.

503
00:22:43.035 --> 00:22:45.415
<00:22:43.035>And <00:22:43.190>we <00:22:43.346>have <00:22:43.501>to <00:22:43.657>work <00:22:43.812>on <00:22:43.968>all <00:22:44.123>of <00:22:44.279>these <00:22:44.435>fronts

504
00:22:45.795 --> 00:22:47.575
<00:22:45.795>to <00:22:46.145>make <00:22:46.495>computing <00:22:46.845>more <00:22:47.195>efficient

505
00:22:47.765 --> 00:22:51.135
<00:22:47.765>because <00:22:47.940>we <00:22:48.115>see <00:22:48.290>AI <00:22:48.465>offers <00:22:48.640>a <00:22:48.815>lot <00:22:48.990>of <00:22:49.165>opportunity,

506
00:22:51.195 --> 00:22:52.495
<00:22:51.195>people <00:22:51.487>are <00:22:51.780>jumping <00:22:52.072>on <00:22:52.364>it,

507
00:22:52.715 --> 00:22:54.655
<00:22:52.715>and <00:22:52.889>we <00:22:53.064>need <00:22:53.240>to <00:22:53.415>make <00:22:53.590>it <00:22:53.764>manageable <00:22:53.939>from <00:22:54.115>a

508
00:22:54.655 --> 00:22:56.775
<00:22:54.655>sustainability <00:22:55.355>perspective. <00:22:56.055>Okay.

509
00:22:56.965 --> 00:22:59.495
<00:22:56.965>I've <00:22:57.139>mean, <00:22:57.314>Christian, <00:22:57.490>your, <00:22:57.665>your <00:22:57.840>world <00:22:58.014>was <00:22:58.189>always <00:22:58.365>like

510
00:22:59.495 --> 00:23:01.575
<00:22:59.495>that <00:22:59.650>because <00:22:59.806>it's <00:22:59.961>on <00:23:00.117>the <00:23:00.272>edge, <00:23:00.428>so <00:23:00.583>there's <00:23:00.739>no <00:23:00.895>power.

511
00:23:02.305 --> 00:23:03.375
<00:23:02.305>Those <00:23:02.626>simple <00:23:02.947>things. <00:23:03.268>What,

512
00:23:03.595 --> 00:23:05.055
<00:23:03.595>what's <00:23:03.814>next <00:23:04.033>in <00:23:04.252>that <00:23:04.471>kind <00:23:04.690>of <00:23:04.909>thing?

513
00:23:05.405 --> 00:23:08.255
<00:23:05.405>Yeah, <00:23:05.580>I <00:23:05.754>think, <00:23:05.930>uh, <00:23:06.105>to <00:23:06.280>comment <00:23:06.455>on <00:23:06.629>the <00:23:06.805>neuromorphic,

514
00:23:08.295 --> 00:23:12.055
<00:23:08.295>I <00:23:08.435>think <00:23:08.575>it <00:23:08.715>still <00:23:08.855>hasn't <00:23:08.995>really, <00:23:09.135>uh, <00:23:09.275>yeah, <00:23:09.415>shown <00:23:09.555>the <00:23:09.695>promise

515
00:23:12.055 --> 00:23:15.375
<00:23:12.055>that <00:23:12.255>it's <00:23:12.455>really <00:23:12.655>at <00:23:12.855>the <00:23:13.055>same <00:23:13.255>time <00:23:13.455>faster

516
00:23:15.715 --> 00:23:18.175
<00:23:15.715>and <00:23:15.870>the <00:23:16.026>same <00:23:16.181>time <00:23:16.337>also <00:23:16.492>going <00:23:16.648>to <00:23:16.803>the <00:23:16.959>same <00:23:17.115>cost.

517
00:23:18.525 --> 00:23:20.655
<00:23:18.525>Yeah. <00:23:18.725>Or <00:23:18.925>to <00:23:19.125>the <00:23:19.325>same <00:23:19.525>even <00:23:19.725>chip <00:23:19.925>area.

518
00:23:20.755 --> 00:23:22.735
<00:23:20.755>So <00:23:20.930>in <00:23:21.105>that <00:23:21.280>sense, <00:23:21.455>I, <00:23:21.630>I'm <00:23:21.805>not <00:23:21.980>yet <00:23:22.155>convinced

519
00:23:22.735 --> 00:23:23.815
<00:23:22.735>that <00:23:22.929>this <00:23:23.123>will <00:23:23.318>be <00:23:23.512>the <00:23:23.707>direction.

520
00:23:23.895 --> 00:23:27.055
<00:23:23.895>I <00:23:24.070>think, <00:23:24.245>um, <00:23:24.420>scalability <00:23:24.595>is <00:23:24.770>for <00:23:24.945>sure <00:23:25.120>the <00:23:25.295>case.

521
00:23:27.315 --> 00:23:31.055
<00:23:27.315>So <00:23:27.442>we <00:23:27.569>will <00:23:27.696>do <00:23:27.824>also <00:23:27.951>different <00:23:28.078>sizes <00:23:28.205>of, <00:23:28.333>uh, <00:23:28.460>co <00:23:28.587>processes <00:23:28.715>for,

522
00:23:31.155 --> 00:23:33.535
<00:23:31.155>um, <00:23:31.388>neur <00:23:31.621>networks <00:23:31.855>depending <00:23:32.088>on <00:23:32.321>what <00:23:32.555>kind

523
00:23:33.535 --> 00:23:34.815
<00:23:33.535>of <00:23:33.765>device <00:23:33.995>we <00:23:34.226>have <00:23:34.456>to <00:23:34.687>address.

524
00:23:34.885 --> 00:23:36.335
<00:23:34.885>Then <00:23:35.320>really <00:23:35.755>the <00:23:36.190>optimum.

525
00:23:36.795 --> 00:23:39.335
<00:23:36.795>And <00:23:36.950>I <00:23:37.106>think, <00:23:37.261>um, <00:23:37.417>it's <00:23:37.572>also <00:23:37.728>a <00:23:37.883>matter <00:23:38.039>of, <00:23:38.195>um,

526
00:23:39.885 --> 00:23:42.535
<00:23:39.885>that <00:23:40.085>we <00:23:40.285>are <00:23:40.485>growing <00:23:40.685>together, <00:23:40.885>uh, <00:23:41.085>a <00:23:41.285>community.

527
00:23:42.875 --> 00:23:45.565
<00:23:42.875>So, <00:23:43.002>um, <00:23:43.129>you <00:23:43.256>might <00:23:43.384>have <00:23:43.511>seen <00:23:43.638>that, <00:23:43.765>that <00:23:43.893>we <00:23:44.020>also <00:23:44.147>work <00:23:44.275>together

528
00:23:45.565 --> 00:23:47.725
<00:23:45.565>with <00:23:45.720>Nvidia <00:23:45.876>and <00:23:46.031>now <00:23:46.187>you <00:23:46.342>could <00:23:46.498>say <00:23:46.653>why, <00:23:46.809>why <00:23:46.965>Nvidia,

529
00:23:47.745 --> 00:23:49.245
<00:23:47.745>that's <00:23:48.014>your <00:23:48.284>competitor <00:23:48.554>more <00:23:48.824>or <00:23:49.094>less.

530
00:23:49.665 --> 00:23:50.925
<00:23:49.665>But <00:23:49.891>it <00:23:50.118>makes <00:23:50.345>of <00:23:50.572>course <00:23:50.799>sense

531
00:23:50.925 --> 00:23:53.205
<00:23:50.925>that <00:23:51.158>certain <00:23:51.391>things <00:23:51.625>pre-trained <00:23:51.858>models <00:23:52.091>are <00:23:52.325>available

532
00:23:53.475 --> 00:23:56.045
<00:23:53.475>that <00:23:53.615>then <00:23:53.754>can <00:23:53.895>be <00:23:54.034>used <00:23:54.175>also <00:23:54.314>on, <00:23:54.455>on <00:23:54.594>our <00:23:54.735>edge <00:23:54.875>devices.

533
00:23:56.435 --> 00:23:59.965
<00:23:56.435>Same <00:23:56.542>as <00:23:56.650>true <00:23:56.758>with <00:23:56.865>AWS <00:23:56.973>in <00:23:57.081>the <00:23:57.188>sense <00:23:57.296>of <00:23:57.404>how <00:23:57.511>do <00:23:57.619>we <00:23:57.727>make <00:23:57.835>sure

534
00:23:59.965 --> 00:24:02.085
<00:23:59.965>that <00:24:00.245>um, <00:24:00.524>neural <00:24:00.804>networks <00:24:01.084>are <00:24:01.365>trained

535
00:24:02.085 --> 00:24:05.405
<00:24:02.085>and <00:24:02.240>developed <00:24:02.396>in <00:24:02.551>the <00:24:02.707>cloud <00:24:02.862>and <00:24:03.018>optimized <00:24:03.173>in <00:24:03.329>the <00:24:03.485>cloud,

536
00:24:05.585 --> 00:24:07.205
<00:24:05.585>and <00:24:05.785>then <00:24:05.985>there's <00:24:06.185>a <00:24:06.385>secure <00:24:06.585>way <00:24:06.785>and <00:24:06.985>the,

537
00:24:07.425 --> 00:24:09.685
<00:24:07.425>and <00:24:07.580>how <00:24:07.736>we <00:24:07.891>get <00:24:08.047>them <00:24:08.202>down <00:24:08.358>to <00:24:08.513>the <00:24:08.669>target <00:24:08.825>device.

538
00:24:10.105 --> 00:24:12.485
<00:24:10.105>And <00:24:10.280>then <00:24:10.455>finally <00:24:10.630>for <00:24:10.805>sure, <00:24:10.980>and <00:24:11.155>you <00:24:11.330>mentioned <00:24:11.505>it

539
00:24:12.485 --> 00:24:14.005
<00:24:12.485>before, <00:24:12.941>it's <00:24:13.397>always <00:24:13.853>good

540
00:24:14.105 --> 00:24:16.805
<00:24:14.105>to <00:24:14.338>pre-process <00:24:14.571>data <00:24:14.805>on <00:24:15.038>the <00:24:15.271>edge <00:24:15.505>first

541
00:24:17.305 --> 00:24:20.085
<00:24:17.305>and <00:24:17.460>really <00:24:17.616>only <00:24:17.771>sent <00:24:17.927>what <00:24:18.082>is <00:24:18.238>needed <00:24:18.393>to <00:24:18.549>be <00:24:18.705>sent.

542
00:24:20.085 --> 00:24:23.005
<00:24:20.085>Yeah. <00:24:20.240>So <00:24:20.396>if <00:24:20.551>every <00:24:20.707>data <00:24:20.862>is <00:24:21.018>sent <00:24:21.173>to <00:24:21.329>the <00:24:21.485>cloud

543
00:24:23.065 --> 00:24:24.565
<00:24:23.065>and <00:24:23.335>then <00:24:23.605>the <00:24:23.875>inferencing <00:24:24.145>is <00:24:24.415>there

544
00:24:24.585 --> 00:24:26.525
<00:24:24.585>and <00:24:24.785>then <00:24:24.985>all <00:24:25.185>the <00:24:25.385>data <00:24:25.585>comes <00:24:25.785>back, <00:24:25.985>that's

545
00:24:26.525 --> 00:24:29.045
<00:24:26.525>for <00:24:26.758>sure <00:24:26.991>not <00:24:27.225>helping <00:24:27.458>neither <00:24:27.691>LA <00:24:27.925>latency

546
00:24:29.345 --> 00:24:30.405
<00:24:29.345>nor <00:24:29.663>the <00:24:29.981>power <00:24:30.299>consumption.

547
00:24:30.785 --> 00:24:32.005
<00:24:30.785>If <00:24:30.968>you <00:24:31.151>do <00:24:31.334>it <00:24:31.517>on <00:24:31.700>the <00:24:31.883>edge,

548
00:24:32.145 --> 00:24:34.205
<00:24:32.145>you <00:24:32.320>can <00:24:32.495>really <00:24:32.670>also <00:24:32.845>save <00:24:33.020>already <00:24:33.195>a <00:24:33.370>lot <00:24:33.545>of

549
00:24:34.755 --> 00:24:36.125
<00:24:34.755>data <00:24:35.001>and <00:24:35.248>a <00:24:35.494>lot <00:24:35.741>of <00:24:35.988>bandwidth.

550
00:24:36.345 --> 00:24:38.085
<00:24:36.345>And <00:24:36.500>with <00:24:36.656>that <00:24:36.811>of <00:24:36.967>course, <00:24:37.122>also <00:24:37.278>a <00:24:37.433>lot <00:24:37.589>of <00:24:37.745>power,

551
00:24:38.375 --> 00:24:39.685
<00:24:38.375>right? <00:24:38.768>That's <00:24:39.161>very <00:24:39.553>important.

552
00:24:39.905 --> 00:24:41.405
<00:24:39.905>And <00:24:40.175>that's, <00:24:40.445>I <00:24:40.715>mean, <00:24:40.985>that's <00:24:41.254>something

553
00:24:41.405 --> 00:24:44.205
<00:24:41.405>what <00:24:41.605>people <00:24:41.805>are <00:24:42.004>actually, <00:24:42.205>uh, <00:24:42.405>questioning <00:24:42.605>sometimes <00:24:42.805>when,

554
00:24:44.205 --> 00:24:46.805
<00:24:44.205>when <00:24:44.405>they're <00:24:44.605>talking <00:24:44.804>about <00:24:45.004>hybrid <00:24:45.205>cloud, <00:24:45.405>you <00:24:45.605>know,

555
00:24:46.805 --> 00:24:48.565
<00:24:46.805>interconnected <00:24:47.155>clouds <00:24:47.505>and <00:24:47.855>everything <00:24:48.205>else.

556
00:24:48.565 --> 00:24:50.085
<00:24:48.565>And <00:24:48.736>it's <00:24:48.907>like, <00:24:49.078>okay, <00:24:49.249>but <00:24:49.420>it's <00:24:49.591>not <00:24:49.762>a <00:24:49.933>problem.

557
00:24:50.105 --> 00:24:51.445
<00:24:50.105>We <00:24:50.346>can <00:24:50.587>always <00:24:50.828>set <00:24:51.069>up <00:24:51.311>VPN.

558
00:24:51.755 --> 00:24:54.365
<00:24:51.755>Well, <00:24:51.930>yeah, <00:24:52.105>you <00:24:52.280>can, <00:24:52.455>but <00:24:52.630>that's <00:24:52.805>encryption <00:24:52.980>and <00:24:53.155>encryption.

559
00:24:54.365 --> 00:24:56.325
<00:24:54.365>Your <00:24:54.520>latency <00:24:54.676>is <00:24:54.831>going <00:24:54.987>to <00:24:55.142>suffer <00:24:55.298>due <00:24:55.453>to <00:24:55.609>that <00:24:55.765>fact.

560
00:24:56.455 --> 00:24:57.925
<00:24:56.455>Let's <00:24:56.675>better <00:24:56.896>do <00:24:57.116>it <00:24:57.337>on <00:24:57.557>one <00:24:57.778>place.

561
00:24:58.505 --> 00:25:01.565
<00:24:58.505>We <00:24:58.645>can <00:24:58.785>easily, <00:24:58.925>easily <00:24:59.065>surround <00:24:59.205>it <00:24:59.345>with <00:24:59.485>anything <00:24:59.625>that <00:24:59.765>we <00:24:59.905>need

562
00:25:01.585 --> 00:25:03.245
<00:25:01.585>and <00:25:01.785>we <00:25:01.985>don't <00:25:02.185>need <00:25:02.385>to <00:25:02.585>use <00:25:02.785>VPN <00:25:02.985>then.

563
00:25:03.265 --> 00:25:04.885
<00:25:03.265>So <00:25:03.498>those <00:25:03.731>are <00:25:03.965>the <00:25:04.198>exact <00:25:04.431>same <00:25:04.665>problem,

564
00:25:04.885 --> 00:25:05.925
<00:25:04.885>just <00:25:05.119>on <00:25:05.353>a <00:25:05.587>different <00:25:05.821>level.

565
00:25:06.155 --> 00:25:08.965
<00:25:06.155>Yeah. <00:25:06.504>And <00:25:06.855>um, <00:25:07.205>so, <00:25:07.555>uh,

566
00:25:10.745 --> 00:25:13.085
<00:25:10.745>Stefan, <00:25:10.978>I <00:25:11.211>mean, <00:25:11.445>uh, <00:25:11.678>Kristen <00:25:11.911>mentioned <00:25:12.145>some

567
00:25:13.085 --> 00:25:14.245
<00:25:13.085>of <00:25:13.259>the <00:25:13.433>partners <00:25:13.607>that <00:25:13.781>they're <00:25:13.955>working <00:25:14.129>with.

568
00:25:14.495 --> 00:25:17.445
<00:25:14.495>Intel <00:25:14.695>also <00:25:14.895>has <00:25:15.094>a <00:25:15.294>lot <00:25:15.495>of <00:25:15.695>partner <00:25:15.895>programs,

569
00:25:17.565 --> 00:25:18.765
<00:25:17.565>I <00:25:17.835>would <00:25:18.105>say, <00:25:18.375>and <00:25:18.645>initiatives.

570
00:25:18.765 --> 00:25:20.685
<00:25:18.765>Yeah, <00:25:18.965>yeah, <00:25:19.165>we <00:25:19.365>work <00:25:19.565>a <00:25:19.765>lot <00:25:19.965>with <00:25:20.165>partners.

571
00:25:20.685 --> 00:25:23.645
<00:25:20.685>Obviously <00:25:20.965>we <00:25:21.245>build <00:25:21.524>fundamental <00:25:21.804>technology, <00:25:22.085>hardware,

572
00:25:23.925 --> 00:25:26.445
<00:25:23.925>software <00:25:24.125>and <00:25:24.325>some <00:25:24.524>services <00:25:24.725>around <00:25:24.925>it <00:25:25.125>as <00:25:25.325>well.

573
00:25:26.545 --> 00:25:29.805
<00:25:26.545>But <00:25:26.825>that's <00:25:27.105>obviously <00:25:27.385>just, <00:25:27.665>uh, <00:25:27.945>foundations.

574
00:25:29.865 --> 00:25:32.045
<00:25:29.865>So <00:25:30.040>we <00:25:30.215>work <00:25:30.390>with <00:25:30.565>partners <00:25:30.740>on <00:25:30.915>the <00:25:31.090>hardware <00:25:31.265>side,

575
00:25:32.135 --> 00:25:34.445
<00:25:32.135>which <00:25:32.415>are <00:25:32.695>integrating <00:25:32.975>our, <00:25:33.254>our <00:25:33.535>chips.

576
00:25:34.745 --> 00:25:37.005
<00:25:34.745>Uh, <00:25:34.978>we <00:25:35.211>work <00:25:35.445>with <00:25:35.678>cloud <00:25:35.911>service <00:25:36.145>providers

577
00:25:37.265 --> 00:25:39.045
<00:25:37.265>and <00:25:37.545>we <00:25:37.825>work <00:25:38.105>with <00:25:38.385>software <00:25:38.665>companies

578
00:25:39.465 --> 00:25:41.765
<00:25:39.465>and <00:25:39.698>with <00:25:39.931>GSIs, <00:25:40.165>you <00:25:40.398>name <00:25:40.631>it, <00:25:40.865>right?

579
00:25:41.945 --> 00:25:45.085
<00:25:41.945>The <00:25:42.085>whole <00:25:42.225>ecosystem. <00:25:42.365>But <00:25:42.504>I <00:25:42.645>want <00:25:42.784>to <00:25:42.925>just <00:25:43.064>highlight, <00:25:43.205>uh, <00:25:43.345>uh,

580
00:25:45.505 --> 00:25:49.685
<00:25:45.505>one <00:25:45.632>thing <00:25:45.759>because <00:25:45.886>in <00:25:46.014>AI <00:25:46.141>you <00:25:46.268>see <00:25:46.395>a <00:25:46.523>lot <00:25:46.650>of <00:25:46.777>innovation <00:25:46.905>driven

581
00:25:49.785 --> 00:25:51.045
<00:25:49.785>by <00:25:50.352>startups, <00:25:50.919>right?

582
00:25:51.045 --> 00:25:52.405
<00:25:51.045>Mm-Hmm. <00:25:51.453>Just <00:25:51.861>look <00:25:52.269>at

583
00:25:52.985 --> 00:25:54.805
<00:25:52.985>the <00:25:53.185>scene <00:25:53.385>out <00:25:53.584>there, <00:25:53.784>who <00:25:53.985>is <00:25:54.185>doing <00:25:54.385>stuff?

584
00:25:55.005 --> 00:25:56.205
<00:25:55.005>A <00:25:55.275>lot <00:25:55.545>of <00:25:55.815>startups <00:25:56.085>involved.

585
00:25:56.585 --> 00:25:59.445
<00:25:56.585>Uh, <00:25:56.725>so <00:25:56.865>we <00:25:57.005>have <00:25:57.145>a <00:25:57.285>startup <00:25:57.425>program, <00:25:57.565>which <00:25:57.705>is <00:25:57.845>called <00:25:57.985>Liftoff.

586
00:25:59.945 --> 00:26:02.885
<00:25:59.945>Um, <00:26:00.145>and <00:26:00.345>uh, <00:26:00.544>again, <00:26:00.745>as <00:26:00.945>you <00:26:01.145>are <00:26:01.345>interested,

587
00:26:02.945 --> 00:26:04.285
<00:26:02.945>we <00:26:03.347>have <00:26:03.749>actually <00:26:04.151>two

588
00:26:04.285 --> 00:26:05.725
<00:26:04.285>or <00:26:04.609>three, <00:26:04.933>don't <00:26:05.257>remember <00:26:05.581>exactly,

589
00:26:05.825 --> 00:26:08.165
<00:26:05.825>of <00:26:06.025>our <00:26:06.225>liftoff <00:26:06.425>partners <00:26:06.625>presenting <00:26:06.825>at <00:26:07.025>our <00:26:07.225>booth.

590
00:26:08.665 --> 00:26:11.805
<00:26:08.665>One <00:26:08.792>of <00:26:08.919>them <00:26:09.046>were <00:26:09.174>tour <00:26:09.301>in <00:26:09.428>tech, <00:26:09.555>the <00:26:09.683>guys <00:26:09.810>who <00:26:09.937>do <00:26:10.065>that

591
00:26:12.395 --> 00:26:15.645
<00:26:12.395>code <00:26:12.570>improvement <00:26:12.745>by <00:26:12.920>using <00:26:13.095>ai, <00:26:13.270>gen <00:26:13.445>AI <00:26:13.620>for <00:26:13.795>that.

592
00:26:15.985 --> 00:26:18.485
<00:26:15.985>And <00:26:16.159>there's <00:26:16.334>a <00:26:16.510>few <00:26:16.685>other <00:26:16.860>examples <00:26:17.034>on <00:26:17.209>visual <00:26:17.385>ai.

593
00:26:18.825 --> 00:26:21.765
<00:26:18.825>So <00:26:18.965>that, <00:26:19.105>that <00:26:19.245>is <00:26:19.385>a <00:26:19.525>program <00:26:19.665>I, <00:26:19.805>I'd <00:26:19.945>like <00:26:20.085>to <00:26:20.225>highlight.

594
00:26:21.915 --> 00:26:23.365
<00:26:21.915>Obviously <00:26:22.350>we <00:26:22.785>have <00:26:23.220>programs

595
00:26:23.465 --> 00:26:26.365
<00:26:23.465>for <00:26:23.620>all <00:26:23.776>the <00:26:23.931>other <00:26:24.087>partners <00:26:24.242>we're <00:26:24.398>working <00:26:24.553>with <00:26:24.709>as <00:26:24.865>well,

596
00:26:26.425 --> 00:26:28.525
<00:26:26.425>and <00:26:26.774>I <00:26:27.125>talk <00:26:27.475>working <00:26:27.825>together.

597
00:26:28.585 --> 00:26:31.925
<00:26:28.585>So <00:26:28.760>I <00:26:28.935>think <00:26:29.110>in <00:26:29.285>general, <00:26:29.460>independent <00:26:29.635>of <00:26:29.810>our <00:26:29.985>company,

598
00:26:32.485 --> 00:26:34.645
<00:26:32.485>I <00:26:32.685>think <00:26:32.885>it's <00:26:33.084>important <00:26:33.284>that <00:26:33.485>people <00:26:33.685>work <00:26:33.885>together.

599
00:26:35.345 --> 00:26:38.965
<00:26:35.345>Um, <00:26:35.500>and <00:26:35.656>for <00:26:35.811>that <00:26:35.967>it's <00:26:36.122>always <00:26:36.278>good, <00:26:36.433>I <00:26:36.589>said <00:26:36.745>it

600
00:26:38.965 --> 00:26:41.205
<00:26:38.965>before, <00:26:39.198>to <00:26:39.431>have <00:26:39.665>an <00:26:39.898>open <00:26:40.131>software <00:26:40.365>environment,

601
00:26:41.375 --> 00:26:42.685
<00:26:41.375>which <00:26:41.964>enables <00:26:42.553>innovation.

602
00:26:42.785 --> 00:26:45.485
<00:26:42.785>So <00:26:42.985>that <00:26:43.185>is <00:26:43.385>very <00:26:43.585>important <00:26:43.785>for <00:26:43.985>us. <00:26:44.185>Cool.

603
00:26:45.505 --> 00:26:47.005
<00:26:45.505>We <00:26:45.730>have <00:26:45.955>a <00:26:46.180>little <00:26:46.405>bit <00:26:46.630>of <00:26:46.855>time

604
00:26:47.065 --> 00:26:48.325
<00:26:47.065>for <00:26:47.291>a <00:26:47.518>question <00:26:47.745>from <00:26:47.972>the <00:26:48.199>audience,

605
00:26:53.555 --> 00:26:56.215
<00:26:53.555>So, <00:26:53.788>um, <00:26:54.021>thank <00:26:54.255>you <00:26:54.488>everyone <00:26:54.721>so <00:26:54.955>far.

606
00:26:56.315 --> 00:26:59.855
<00:26:56.315>We <00:26:56.455>do <00:26:56.595>not <00:26:56.735>have <00:26:56.875>any <00:26:57.015>questions, <00:26:57.155>uh, <00:26:57.295>from <00:26:57.435>our <00:26:57.575>remote <00:26:57.715>audience.

607
00:26:59.955 --> 00:27:01.855
<00:26:59.955>So <00:27:00.155>the <00:27:00.355>remote <00:27:00.554>audience <00:27:00.754>if <00:27:00.955>you'd <00:27:01.155>like <00:27:01.355>to,

608
00:27:02.115 --> 00:27:04.855
<00:27:02.115>now <00:27:02.290>is <00:27:02.465>the <00:27:02.640>perfect <00:27:02.815>time <00:27:02.990>to <00:27:03.165>ask <00:27:03.340>a <00:27:03.515>question,

609
00:27:04.855 --> 00:27:07.135
<00:27:04.855>otherwise, <00:27:05.205>does <00:27:05.555>the <00:27:05.905>audience <00:27:06.255>here

610
00:27:07.135 --> 00:27:08.215
<00:27:07.135>in <00:27:07.378>the <00:27:07.620>room <00:27:07.864>have <00:27:08.107>questions?

611
00:27:09.035 --> 00:27:10.035
Yes.

612
00:27:13.745 --> 00:27:16.845
<00:27:13.745>Yeah. <00:27:13.885>Can <00:27:14.024>you <00:27:14.165>bring <00:27:14.304>the <00:27:14.445>mic? <00:27:14.584>This <00:27:14.725>is <00:27:14.864>gonna <00:27:15.004>be <00:27:15.145>interesting.

613
00:27:17.735 --> 00:27:21.155
<00:27:17.735>Hello <00:27:17.968>everyone. <00:27:18.201>My <00:27:18.435>que <00:27:18.668>my <00:27:18.901>question <00:27:19.135>is,

614
00:27:22.025 --> 00:27:25.435
<00:27:22.025>what <00:27:22.200>do <00:27:22.375>you <00:27:22.550>think <00:27:22.725>is <00:27:22.900>the <00:27:23.075>future <00:27:23.250>for <00:27:23.425>decentralized

615
00:27:25.615 --> 00:27:28.795
<00:27:25.615>or <00:27:25.895>distributed <00:27:26.175>ai <00:27:26.455>or <00:27:26.735>centralized <00:27:27.015>AI

616
00:27:28.895 --> 00:27:31.915
<00:27:28.895>or <00:27:29.095>the <00:27:29.295>hybrid <00:27:29.495>regard <00:27:29.695>to <00:27:29.895>the <00:27:30.095>energy <00:27:30.295>consumption?

617
00:27:33.455 --> 00:27:35.545
<00:27:33.455>Okay, <00:27:33.655>I <00:27:33.855>Heard, <00:27:34.054>so <00:27:34.254>I <00:27:34.455>think <00:27:34.655>the <00:27:34.855>question,

618
00:27:35.745 --> 00:27:37.505
<00:27:35.745>I <00:27:35.900>didn't <00:27:36.056>hear <00:27:36.211>it <00:27:36.367>very <00:27:36.522>well, <00:27:36.678>but <00:27:36.833>I <00:27:36.989>think <00:27:37.145>repeat

619
00:27:37.525 --> 00:27:38.625
<00:27:37.525>the <00:27:37.855>ask <00:27:38.185>was, <00:27:38.515>um,

620
00:27:38.765 --> 00:27:39.765
<00:27:38.765>Can <00:27:39.215>I <00:27:39.665>repeat?

621
00:27:41.965 --> 00:27:45.305
<00:27:41.965>The <00:27:42.245>future <00:27:42.524>is <00:27:42.804>for <00:27:43.084>distributed <00:27:43.365>ai,

622
00:27:45.715 --> 00:27:47.905
<00:27:45.715>which <00:27:45.948>means <00:27:46.181>AI <00:27:46.415>on <00:27:46.648>the <00:27:46.881>edge <00:27:47.115>mainly,

623
00:27:48.405 --> 00:27:52.265
<00:27:48.405>and <00:27:48.545>update, <00:27:48.685>for <00:27:48.825>example, <00:27:48.965>for <00:27:49.105>the <00:27:49.245>central <00:27:49.385>model <00:27:49.524>on <00:27:49.665>the <00:27:49.805>cloud,

624
00:27:52.485 --> 00:27:55.945
<00:27:52.485>all <00:27:52.659>it'll <00:27:52.834>be <00:27:53.010>better <00:27:53.185>for <00:27:53.360>centralized <00:27:53.534>AI <00:27:53.709>in <00:27:53.885>regard

625
00:27:55.965 --> 00:27:57.465
<00:27:55.965>to <00:27:56.302>energy <00:27:56.639>and <00:27:56.977>power <00:27:57.314>consumption.

626
00:27:58.005 --> 00:28:02.585
<00:27:58.005>And <00:27:58.180>if <00:27:58.355>so, <00:27:58.530>it <00:27:58.705>is <00:27:58.880>hybrid <00:27:59.055>how <00:27:59.230>it'll <00:27:59.405>be

627
00:28:02.685 --> 00:28:04.225
<00:28:02.685>to <00:28:03.031>compromise <00:28:03.378>between <00:28:03.724>the <00:28:04.071>two

628
00:28:04.285 --> 00:28:05.745
<00:28:04.285>or <00:28:04.547>the <00:28:04.810>connection <00:28:05.073>between <00:28:05.336>the <00:28:05.599>two.

629
00:28:06.275 --> 00:28:08.465
<00:28:06.275>Thank <00:28:06.508>you. <00:28:06.741>Yeah, <00:28:06.975>so, <00:28:07.208>so <00:28:07.441>distributed <00:28:07.675>computing,

630
00:28:08.485 --> 00:28:11.665
<00:28:08.485>so <00:28:08.659>this <00:28:08.834>is <00:28:09.010>actually <00:28:09.185>where <00:28:09.360>I <00:28:09.534>originally <00:28:09.709>come <00:28:09.885>from.

631
00:28:11.665 --> 00:28:13.425
<00:28:11.665>It's, <00:28:11.945>it's <00:28:12.225>a <00:28:12.504>very <00:28:12.784>complex <00:28:13.065>problem.

632
00:28:14.105 --> 00:28:16.465
<00:28:14.105>I <00:28:14.260>think <00:28:14.416>you, <00:28:14.571>you're <00:28:14.727>gonna <00:28:14.882>have <00:28:15.038>much <00:28:15.193>more <00:28:15.349>edge <00:28:15.505>based

633
00:28:16.885 --> 00:28:18.185
<00:28:16.885>ai, <00:28:17.119>I <00:28:17.353>think <00:28:17.587>that's <00:28:17.821>gonna <00:28:18.054>happen.

634
00:28:18.965 --> 00:28:22.665
<00:28:18.965>Um, <00:28:19.092>I <00:28:19.219>think <00:28:19.346>the <00:28:19.474>reason <00:28:19.601>for <00:28:19.728>that <00:28:19.855>is <00:28:19.983>again, <00:28:20.110>is <00:28:20.237>energy <00:28:20.365>and,

635
00:28:22.665 --> 00:28:26.705
<00:28:22.665>and <00:28:22.840>then <00:28:23.014>doing <00:28:23.190>the <00:28:23.365>computation <00:28:23.540>locally <00:28:23.715>where <00:28:23.889>it's <00:28:24.065>required,

636
00:28:26.705 --> 00:28:27.945
<00:28:26.705>where <00:28:26.984>the <00:28:27.263>data <00:28:27.542>is <00:28:27.821>created.

637
00:28:28.125 --> 00:28:31.465
<00:28:28.125>If <00:28:28.265>you <00:28:28.405>have <00:28:28.545>very <00:28:28.685>high <00:28:28.825>throughput <00:28:28.965>in <00:28:29.105>hertz <00:28:29.245>kind <00:28:29.385>of <00:28:29.525>area,

638
00:28:31.765 --> 00:28:34.025
<00:28:31.765>you <00:28:31.998>want <00:28:32.231>to <00:28:32.465>process <00:28:32.698>that <00:28:32.931>data <00:28:33.165>locally

639
00:28:34.125 --> 00:28:36.865
<00:28:34.125>and <00:28:34.280>not <00:28:34.436>be <00:28:34.591>transferring <00:28:34.747>it <00:28:34.902>into <00:28:35.058>the <00:28:35.213>cloud <00:28:35.369>for <00:28:35.525>processing.

640
00:28:37.285 --> 00:28:39.825
<00:28:37.285>So <00:28:37.440>where <00:28:37.596>you <00:28:37.751>have <00:28:37.907>high <00:28:38.062>volumes <00:28:38.218>of <00:28:38.373>data, <00:28:38.529>it's <00:28:38.685>best

641
00:28:39.825 --> 00:28:40.825
<00:28:39.825>to <00:28:40.050>process <00:28:40.275>at <00:28:40.500>the <00:28:40.725>edge.

642
00:28:41.445 --> 00:28:45.065
<00:28:41.445>Um, <00:28:41.585>so, <00:28:41.725>uh, <00:28:41.865>though <00:28:42.004>I <00:28:42.145>think <00:28:42.284>there'll <00:28:42.425>always <00:28:42.564>be <00:28:42.705>a <00:28:42.845>hybrid.

643
00:28:45.765 --> 00:28:48.825
<00:28:45.765>The <00:28:45.998>problem <00:28:46.231>with <00:28:46.465>distributed <00:28:46.698>computing <00:28:46.931>is <00:28:47.165>always

644
00:28:49.225 --> 00:28:50.425
<00:28:49.225>security, <00:28:50.304>right?

645
00:28:50.565 --> 00:28:53.585
<00:28:50.565>How <00:28:50.798>do <00:28:51.031>you <00:28:51.265>trust <00:28:51.498>the <00:28:51.731>individual <00:28:51.965>components?

646
00:28:54.205 --> 00:28:56.665
<00:28:54.205>Um, <00:28:54.405>you <00:28:54.605>know, <00:28:54.804>I <00:28:55.004>worked <00:28:55.205>in <00:28:55.405>peer-to-peer <00:28:55.605>computing

647
00:28:56.725 --> 00:28:59.585
<00:28:56.725>for <00:28:56.880>a <00:28:57.036>long <00:28:57.191>time, <00:28:57.347>and <00:28:57.502>this <00:28:57.658>was <00:28:57.813>exactly <00:28:57.969>the <00:28:58.125>problem.

648
00:28:59.645 --> 00:29:01.265
<00:28:59.645>If <00:28:59.995>you <00:29:00.345>have <00:29:00.695>pure <00:29:01.045>distribution

649
00:29:01.325 --> 00:29:04.705
<00:29:01.325>or <00:29:01.558>pure <00:29:01.791>decentralized <00:29:02.025>infrastructure <00:29:02.258>is <00:29:02.491>a <00:29:02.725>problem

650
00:29:04.725 --> 00:29:08.385
<00:29:04.725>of <00:29:04.865>security, <00:29:05.004>but <00:29:05.145>I <00:29:05.284>think <00:29:05.425>the <00:29:05.564>edge <00:29:05.705>based <00:29:05.844>compute <00:29:05.985>will <00:29:06.125>come

651
00:29:08.645 --> 00:29:10.385
<00:29:08.645>and <00:29:08.995>it <00:29:09.345>will <00:29:09.695>save <00:29:10.045>energy.

652
00:29:10.485 --> 00:29:13.385
<00:29:10.485>And <00:29:10.685>there'll <00:29:10.885>be <00:29:11.084>always <00:29:11.284>this <00:29:11.485>hybrid <00:29:11.685>between <00:29:11.885>edge

653
00:29:13.605 --> 00:29:14.905
<00:29:13.605>and <00:29:14.190>and <00:29:14.775>central.

654
00:29:16.715 --> 00:29:18.885
<00:29:16.715>Yeah, <00:29:16.915>I <00:29:17.115>would <00:29:17.314>say <00:29:17.514>it's <00:29:17.715>already <00:29:17.915>happening <00:29:18.115>today

655
00:29:18.885 --> 00:29:22.885
<00:29:18.885>because <00:29:19.085>if <00:29:19.285>you <00:29:19.485>look <00:29:19.685>into <00:29:19.885>various <00:29:20.085>areas, <00:29:20.285>manufacturing,

656
00:29:23.575 --> 00:29:26.805
<00:29:23.575>healthcare, <00:29:23.855>there's <00:29:24.135>this <00:29:24.415>distribution <00:29:24.695>already <00:29:24.975>between

657
00:29:27.475 --> 00:29:30.485
<00:29:27.475>what <00:29:27.675>things <00:29:27.875>which <00:29:28.074>are <00:29:28.274>done <00:29:28.475>at <00:29:28.675>the <00:29:28.875>edge.

658
00:29:30.505 --> 00:29:33.245
<00:29:30.505>So <00:29:30.680>where <00:29:30.855>the <00:29:31.030>data <00:29:31.205>is <00:29:31.380>created, <00:29:31.555>be <00:29:31.730>the <00:29:31.905>machine

659
00:29:33.865 --> 00:29:35.885
<00:29:33.865>or <00:29:34.215>visual <00:29:34.565>sensors <00:29:34.915>and <00:29:35.265>stuff,

660
00:29:36.345 --> 00:29:38.765
<00:29:36.345>and <00:29:36.520>you <00:29:36.695>can <00:29:36.870>draw <00:29:37.045>it <00:29:37.220>up <00:29:37.395>to <00:29:37.570>automotive, <00:29:37.745>right?

661
00:29:38.875 --> 00:29:40.245
<00:29:38.875>It's <00:29:39.121>the <00:29:39.368>same <00:29:39.614>thing. <00:29:39.861>You <00:29:40.108>need

662
00:29:40.245 --> 00:29:42.845
<00:29:40.245>to <00:29:40.400>do <00:29:40.556>some <00:29:40.711>computing <00:29:40.867>in <00:29:41.022>the, <00:29:41.178>in <00:29:41.333>the <00:29:41.489>car, <00:29:41.645>right?

663
00:29:42.905 --> 00:29:45.765
<00:29:42.905>You <00:29:43.105>can't <00:29:43.305>bring <00:29:43.504>back <00:29:43.705>everything <00:29:43.905>to <00:29:44.105>the <00:29:44.305>cloud

664
00:29:45.765 --> 00:29:47.245
<00:29:45.765>and <00:29:46.031>bring, <00:29:46.297>absolutely <00:29:46.564>bring <00:29:46.830>it <00:29:47.097>there

665
00:29:47.265 --> 00:29:49.085
<00:29:47.265>for <00:29:47.615>latency <00:29:47.965>reasons <00:29:48.315>alone, <00:29:48.665>right?

666
00:29:49.465 --> 00:29:52.765
<00:29:49.465>And <00:29:49.639>massive <00:29:49.814>of <00:29:49.990>data, <00:29:50.165>right? <00:29:50.340>So <00:29:50.514>that's <00:29:50.689>no <00:29:50.865>question.

667
00:29:53.165 --> 00:29:55.365
<00:29:53.165>I <00:29:53.365>think <00:29:53.565>the <00:29:53.764>hybrid <00:29:53.965>architecture <00:29:54.165>is <00:29:54.365>already <00:29:54.565>working.

668
00:29:55.905 --> 00:29:57.925
<00:29:55.905>And <00:29:56.105>then <00:29:56.305>it <00:29:56.504>depends <00:29:56.705>on <00:29:56.905>the <00:29:57.105>use <00:29:57.305>case

669
00:29:58.655 --> 00:30:00.805
<00:29:58.655>where <00:29:58.855>you <00:29:59.055>actually <00:29:59.254>do <00:29:59.455>most <00:29:59.655>of <00:29:59.855>your <00:30:00.055>compute

670
00:30:00.865 --> 00:30:03.485
<00:30:00.865>and <00:30:01.098>obviously <00:30:01.331>the <00:30:01.565>compute <00:30:01.798>requirements <00:30:02.031>you <00:30:02.265>have,

671
00:30:03.865 --> 00:30:05.125
<00:30:03.865>can <00:30:04.054>you <00:30:04.243>do <00:30:04.432>it <00:30:04.621>on <00:30:04.810>the <00:30:04.999>edge?

672
00:30:05.455 --> 00:30:07.645
<00:30:05.455>Which <00:30:05.610>part <00:30:05.766>can <00:30:05.921>you <00:30:06.077>do <00:30:06.232>it <00:30:06.388>on, <00:30:06.543>on <00:30:06.699>the <00:30:06.855>edge?

673
00:30:08.225 --> 00:30:10.525
<00:30:08.225>And <00:30:08.504>which <00:30:08.784>is <00:30:09.064>better <00:30:09.344>done <00:30:09.625>centrally

674
00:30:11.105 --> 00:30:13.085
<00:30:11.105>is <00:30:11.385>depending <00:30:11.665>on <00:30:11.945>the <00:30:12.225>actual <00:30:12.505>application.

675
00:30:13.585 --> 00:30:14.925
<00:30:13.585>But <00:30:13.735>that's <00:30:13.886>kind <00:30:14.037>of <00:30:14.188>what <00:30:14.338>I <00:30:14.489>have <00:30:14.640>a <00:30:14.791>feeling

676
00:30:14.925 --> 00:30:16.685
<00:30:14.925>that <00:30:15.158>our <00:30:15.391>industry <00:30:15.625>is <00:30:15.858>constantly <00:30:16.091>going <00:30:16.325>through.

677
00:30:16.685 --> 00:30:18.845
<00:30:16.685>You <00:30:16.885>know, <00:30:17.085>we <00:30:17.284>are, <00:30:17.485>we <00:30:17.685>started <00:30:17.885>with <00:30:18.085>mainframes,

678
00:30:18.845 --> 00:30:21.645
<00:30:18.845>then <00:30:19.000>we <00:30:19.156>had <00:30:19.311>client <00:30:19.467>server <00:30:19.622>architecture, <00:30:19.778>then <00:30:19.933>we <00:30:20.089>have <00:30:20.245>peer

679
00:30:21.645 --> 00:30:22.925
<00:30:21.645>to <00:30:21.875>peer, <00:30:22.105>then <00:30:22.336>we <00:30:22.566>have <00:30:22.797>cloud,

680
00:30:23.115 --> 00:30:25.205
<00:30:23.115>then <00:30:23.255>now <00:30:23.395>we <00:30:23.535>have <00:30:23.675>cloud <00:30:23.815>at <00:30:23.955>the <00:30:24.095>edge <00:30:24.235>and <00:30:24.375>the <00:30:24.515>edge.

681
00:30:25.345 --> 00:30:26.645
<00:30:25.345>So <00:30:25.637>we <00:30:25.930>are <00:30:26.222>always <00:30:26.514>somewhere

682
00:30:26.645 --> 00:30:27.765
<00:30:26.645>in <00:30:26.813>the <00:30:26.981>middle <00:30:27.149>trying <00:30:27.317>to <00:30:27.485>figure <00:30:27.653>out.

683
00:30:27.765 --> 00:30:29.605
<00:30:27.765>And <00:30:27.998>probably <00:30:28.231>the <00:30:28.465>best <00:30:28.698>option <00:30:28.931>is <00:30:29.165>use

684
00:30:29.605 --> 00:30:31.125
<00:30:29.605>what <00:30:29.833>you <00:30:30.061>can <00:30:30.289>for <00:30:30.517>what <00:30:30.745>you <00:30:30.973>need.

685
00:30:31.345 --> 00:30:33.805
<00:30:31.345>Yes. <00:30:31.545>And <00:30:31.745>not, <00:30:31.945>not <00:30:32.145>have <00:30:32.345>a <00:30:32.545>general <00:30:32.745>idea

686
00:30:33.805 --> 00:30:35.645
<00:30:33.805>because <00:30:34.085>no <00:30:34.365>problem <00:30:34.645>is <00:30:34.925>actually <00:30:35.205>general.

687
00:30:36.455 --> 00:30:37.525
<00:30:36.455>Thank <00:30:36.695>you <00:30:36.936>guys <00:30:37.177>so <00:30:37.418>much.

688
00:30:37.895 --> 00:30:40.205
<00:30:37.895>Thank <00:30:38.245>you. <00:30:38.595>Thank <00:30:38.945>you. <00:30:39.295>Applause.