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<00:01:59.634>this <00:01:59.914>guy <00:02:00.195>tricked <00:02:00.475>us, <00:02:00.755>you <00:02:01.035>know?

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<00:02:03.605>there <00:02:03.780>will <00:02:03.955>be <00:02:04.130>no <00:02:04.305>calculus <00:02:04.480>in <00:02:04.655>this <00:02:04.830>session <00:02:05.005>today.

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<00:02:06.375>No <00:02:06.502>tricks. <00:02:06.629>Um, <00:02:06.756>instead <00:02:06.884>I <00:02:07.011>wanna <00:02:07.138>have <00:02:07.265>a <00:02:07.393>little <00:02:07.520>bit <00:02:07.647>of <00:02:07.775>fun.

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<00:02:10.074>I <00:02:10.214>wanna <00:02:10.354>show <00:02:10.494>you <00:02:10.634>this <00:02:10.774>project <00:02:10.914>that <00:02:11.054>I've <00:02:11.195>been <00:02:11.334>working <00:02:11.475>on

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<00:02:19.135>So <00:02:19.262>I'm <00:02:19.389>just <00:02:19.516>gonna <00:02:19.644>take <00:02:19.771>a <00:02:19.898>few <00:02:20.025>minutes <00:02:20.153>to <00:02:20.280>show <00:02:20.407>you <00:02:20.535>some

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<00:02:21.275>of <00:02:21.430>the <00:02:21.586>cool <00:02:21.741>stuff <00:02:21.897>that <00:02:22.052>people <00:02:22.208>are <00:02:22.363>doing <00:02:22.519>with <00:02:22.675>AI

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<00:02:27.375>I'm <00:02:27.502>gonna <00:02:27.629>talk <00:02:27.756>a <00:02:27.884>little <00:02:28.011>bit <00:02:28.138>about <00:02:28.265>why <00:02:28.393>I <00:02:28.520>think <00:02:28.647>you <00:02:28.775>should

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<00:02:32.995>Now, <00:02:33.166>I <00:02:33.337>know <00:02:33.508>a <00:02:33.679>lot <00:02:33.850>of <00:02:34.021>developers <00:02:34.191>think, <00:02:34.363>well,

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<00:02:34.535>I'm <00:02:34.690>not <00:02:34.846>building <00:02:35.001>machine <00:02:35.157>learning <00:02:35.312>apps, <00:02:35.468>so <00:02:35.623>I <00:02:35.779>don't <00:02:35.935>need

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<00:02:36.715>to <00:02:36.855>know, <00:02:36.995>but <00:02:37.135>I, <00:02:37.275>I <00:02:37.415>think <00:02:37.555>everyone's <00:02:37.695>gonna <00:02:37.835>need <00:02:37.975>to <00:02:38.115>know,

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<00:02:39.315>and <00:02:39.470>I'm <00:02:39.626>gonna <00:02:39.781>show <00:02:39.937>you <00:02:40.092>how <00:02:40.248>you <00:02:40.403>can <00:02:40.559>get <00:02:40.715>started.

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<00:02:43.035>of <00:02:43.190>the <00:02:43.346>different <00:02:43.501>services <00:02:43.657>we <00:02:43.812>have <00:02:43.968>at <00:02:44.123>AWS <00:02:44.279>that <00:02:44.435>cater

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<00:02:45.755>to <00:02:45.988>different <00:02:46.221>levels <00:02:46.454>of <00:02:46.688>machine <00:02:46.921>learning <00:02:47.155>expertise.

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<00:02:48.735>You <00:02:48.890>don't <00:02:49.046>have <00:02:49.201>to <00:02:49.357>be <00:02:49.512>an <00:02:49.668>expert <00:02:49.823>to <00:02:49.979>get <00:02:50.135>going.

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<00:02:51.295>And <00:02:51.435>then <00:02:51.575>I <00:02:51.715>wanna <00:02:51.855>show <00:02:51.995>you <00:02:52.135>that <00:02:52.275>project <00:02:52.415>that <00:02:52.555>I <00:02:52.695>mentioned,

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<00:02:53.965>which <00:02:54.120>is <00:02:54.276>my <00:02:54.431>attempt <00:02:54.587>to <00:02:54.742>teach <00:02:54.898>a <00:02:55.053>computer <00:02:55.209>to <00:02:55.365>reverse

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<00:02:57.795>engineer <00:02:58.389>knitting <00:02:58.983>patterns.

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<00:02:59.475>Seriously, <00:02:59.674>and <00:02:59.875>don't <00:03:00.075>worry, <00:03:00.275>you <00:03:00.475>do <00:03:00.674>not <00:03:00.875>need

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<00:03:02.005>to <00:03:02.238>know <00:03:02.471>anything <00:03:02.704>about <00:03:02.938>knitting <00:03:03.171>for <00:03:03.405>it.

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<00:03:05.515>Okay, <00:03:05.642>so <00:03:05.769>let's <00:03:05.896>get <00:03:06.024>started <00:03:06.151>with <00:03:06.278>the <00:03:06.405>magic <00:03:06.533>of <00:03:06.660>AI <00:03:06.787>and <00:03:06.915>ml.

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<00:03:08.905>Um, <00:03:09.045>it <00:03:09.185>seems <00:03:09.325>like <00:03:09.465>every <00:03:09.605>week <00:03:09.745>there <00:03:09.885>is <00:03:10.025>some <00:03:10.165>new <00:03:10.305>breakthrough,

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<00:03:11.585>you <00:03:11.785>know, <00:03:11.985>from <00:03:12.185>autonomous <00:03:12.385>self-driving <00:03:12.585>cars <00:03:12.785>to <00:03:12.985>dancing

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<00:03:15.505>robots <00:03:15.680>to, <00:03:15.855>um, <00:03:16.030>uh, <00:03:16.204>uh, <00:03:16.380>a <00:03:16.555>neural <00:03:16.730>network <00:03:16.905>that,

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<00:03:18.715>that <00:03:18.870>defeats <00:03:19.026>the <00:03:19.181>world <00:03:19.337>champion <00:03:19.492>in <00:03:19.648>the <00:03:19.803>game <00:03:19.959>of <00:03:20.115>go.

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<00:03:22.105>One <00:03:22.338>that <00:03:22.571>is <00:03:22.804>particularly <00:03:23.038>relevant <00:03:23.271>right <00:03:23.505>now

78
00:03:24.045 --> 00:03:25.885
<00:03:24.045>to <00:03:24.245>us <00:03:24.445>in <00:03:24.645>this <00:03:24.845>time <00:03:25.045>is <00:03:25.245>the <00:03:25.445>success

79
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<00:03:25.885>of <00:03:26.040>alpha <00:03:26.196>fold <00:03:26.351>two <00:03:26.507>at <00:03:26.662>the <00:03:26.818>14th <00:03:26.973>annual <00:03:27.129>CASP <00:03:27.285>competition.

80
00:03:30.825 --> 00:03:34.645
<00:03:30.825>So, <00:03:31.000>CASP <00:03:31.174>stands <00:03:31.350>for <00:03:31.524>critical <00:03:31.700>assessment <00:03:31.875>of <00:03:32.049>to <00:03:32.225>techniques

81
00:03:35.025 --> 00:03:37.965
<00:03:35.025>for <00:03:35.375>protein <00:03:35.725>protein <00:03:36.075>structure <00:03:36.425>prediction.

82
00:03:37.965 --> 00:03:39.285
<00:03:37.965>That's <00:03:38.262>hard <00:03:38.559>to <00:03:38.856>say. <00:03:39.153>Um,

83
00:03:39.345 --> 00:03:40.845
<00:03:39.345>and <00:03:39.570>this <00:03:39.795>actually <00:03:40.020>just <00:03:40.245>happened <00:03:40.470>last <00:03:40.695>November,

84
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<00:03:40.915>like <00:03:41.218>six <00:03:41.521>months <00:03:41.824>ago.

85
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<00:03:42.265>So <00:03:42.420>at <00:03:42.576>this <00:03:42.731>competition, <00:03:42.887>the <00:03:43.042>goal <00:03:43.198>is <00:03:43.353>to <00:03:43.509>predict, <00:03:43.665>um,

86
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<00:03:46.285>a <00:03:46.484>particular <00:03:46.685>protein <00:03:46.885>molecule <00:03:47.085>to <00:03:47.285>predict <00:03:47.484>the <00:03:47.685>structure

87
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<00:03:49.025>of <00:03:49.180>it, <00:03:49.336>uh, <00:03:49.491>that's <00:03:49.647>made <00:03:49.802>from <00:03:49.958>potentially <00:03:50.113>very <00:03:50.269>long <00:03:50.425>chains

88
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<00:03:51.765>of <00:03:52.268>amino <00:03:52.773>acids.

89
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<00:03:53.185>And <00:03:53.385>so <00:03:53.585>if <00:03:53.785>we <00:03:53.985>can <00:03:54.185>know <00:03:54.385>the <00:03:54.585>structure,

90
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<00:03:55.305>if <00:03:55.539>we <00:03:55.773>can <00:03:56.007>predict <00:03:56.241>the <00:03:56.475>structure,

91
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<00:03:57.035>that <00:03:57.234>actually <00:03:57.435>enables <00:03:57.635>a <00:03:57.835>wide <00:03:58.035>range <00:03:58.234>of <00:03:58.435>scientific

92
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<00:03:59.745>and <00:04:00.312>medical <00:04:00.879>breakthroughs.

93
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<00:04:01.385>And <00:04:01.560>so <00:04:01.734>what <00:04:01.910>you <00:04:02.084>see <00:04:02.260>in <00:04:02.435>this <00:04:02.609>picture <00:04:02.785>here,

94
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<00:04:03.985>the <00:04:04.218>actual <00:04:04.451>molecule <00:04:04.685>structure <00:04:04.918>is <00:04:05.151>in <00:04:05.385>green.

95
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<00:04:06.865>And <00:04:07.267>the <00:04:07.669>predicted <00:04:08.071>structure,

96
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<00:04:08.265>the <00:04:08.440>alpha <00:04:08.614>fold <00:04:08.790>two <00:04:08.964>structure <00:04:09.140>is <00:04:09.315>predicted <00:04:09.489>in <00:04:09.665>blue.

97
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<00:04:11.305>Uh, <00:04:11.538>so <00:04:11.771>it's <00:04:12.005>pretty <00:04:12.238>close. <00:04:12.471>And <00:04:12.705>incidentally,

98
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<00:04:13.915>that <00:04:14.114>depicted <00:04:14.315>protein <00:04:14.515>happens, <00:04:14.715>of <00:04:14.915>course, <00:04:15.114>to <00:04:15.315>belong

99
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<00:04:16.885>to <00:04:17.084>coronavirus <00:04:17.284>and <00:04:17.485>is <00:04:17.685>implicated <00:04:17.885>in <00:04:18.084>immune <00:04:18.284>evasion.

100
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<00:04:20.065>So <00:04:20.240>machine <00:04:20.415>learning <00:04:20.589>is <00:04:20.765>very <00:04:20.940>much <00:04:21.115>contributing <00:04:21.290>to <00:04:21.464>fighting,

101
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<00:04:23.085>fighting <00:04:23.270>the <00:04:23.455>pandemic <00:04:23.640>that <00:04:23.825>we're <00:04:24.010>all <00:04:24.195>living <00:04:24.381>under.

102
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<00:04:25.995>Another <00:04:26.228>area <00:04:26.461>that <00:04:26.695>I <00:04:26.928>personally <00:04:27.161>really <00:04:27.395>love,

103
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<00:04:28.005>and <00:04:28.160>you <00:04:28.316>might <00:04:28.471>guess <00:04:28.627>since <00:04:28.782>I'm <00:04:28.938>gonna <00:04:29.093>talk <00:04:29.249>about <00:04:29.405>knitting,

104
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<00:04:30.065>is <00:04:30.298>using <00:04:30.531>machine <00:04:30.765>learning <00:04:30.998>to <00:04:31.231>create <00:04:31.465>art.

105
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<00:04:32.945>And <00:04:33.299>back <00:04:33.653>in <00:04:34.007>Australia,

106
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<00:04:34.485>I <00:04:34.640>actually <00:04:34.796>organized <00:04:34.951>an <00:04:35.107>entire <00:04:35.262>one <00:04:35.418>day <00:04:35.573>conference <00:04:35.729>about <00:04:35.885>this

107
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<00:04:37.875>with <00:04:38.108>sessions <00:04:38.341>about, <00:04:38.575>uh, <00:04:38.808>procedurally <00:04:39.041>generating <00:04:39.275>landscapes.

108
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<00:04:42.825>Um, <00:04:43.000>we <00:04:43.175>talked <00:04:43.349>about <00:04:43.525>nano <00:04:43.700>geno <00:04:43.875>National <00:04:44.050>Novel <00:04:44.224>Generating

109
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<00:04:47.005>Month, <00:04:47.180>which <00:04:47.355>happens <00:04:47.530>every <00:04:47.705>November, <00:04:47.880>where <00:04:48.055>the <00:04:48.230>goal <00:04:48.405>is

110
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<00:04:50.165>to <00:04:50.320>write <00:04:50.476>code <00:04:50.631>that <00:04:50.787>will <00:04:50.942>generate <00:04:51.098>a <00:04:51.253>50,000 <00:04:51.409>word <00:04:51.565>novel.

111
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<00:04:54.865>And <00:04:55.113>so <00:04:55.361>one <00:04:55.610>of <00:04:55.858>the <00:04:56.107>techniques,

112
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<00:04:56.345>the <00:04:56.622>first <00:04:56.899>techniques <00:04:57.176>in <00:04:57.453>machine <00:04:57.731>learning

113
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<00:04:57.885>that <00:04:58.060>artists <00:04:58.235>really <00:04:58.409>jumped <00:04:58.585>on <00:04:58.760>back <00:04:58.935>in <00:04:59.110>2014 <00:04:59.284>was

114
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<00:05:00.965>called <00:05:01.486>Deep <00:05:02.009>Dream.

115
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<00:05:02.785>So <00:05:02.912>the <00:05:03.039>basic <00:05:03.166>gist <00:05:03.294>of <00:05:03.421>it <00:05:03.548>is, <00:05:03.675>let's <00:05:03.803>say <00:05:03.930>you <00:05:04.057>have, <00:05:04.185>um,

116
00:05:05.325 --> 00:05:07.885
<00:05:05.325>a <00:05:05.525>neural <00:05:05.724>network <00:05:05.925>represented <00:05:06.125>by <00:05:06.325>this <00:05:06.525>diagram <00:05:06.724>here,

117
00:05:08.465 --> 00:05:10.725
<00:05:08.465>and <00:05:08.698>you've <00:05:08.931>trained <00:05:09.164>it <00:05:09.398>to <00:05:09.631>recognize <00:05:09.864>different

118
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<00:05:10.835>animals <00:05:11.397>and <00:05:11.960>objects.

119
00:05:12.085 --> 00:05:15.205
<00:05:12.085>So <00:05:12.224>you <00:05:12.364>see <00:05:12.505>those <00:05:12.645>output <00:05:12.784>classes <00:05:12.924>on <00:05:13.065>the <00:05:13.205>right <00:05:13.344>dog, <00:05:13.484>cat,

120
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<00:05:15.295>mouse, <00:05:16.222>werewolf.

121
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<00:05:17.555>And <00:05:17.662>so <00:05:17.770>the <00:05:17.878>idea <00:05:17.985>is <00:05:18.093>you <00:05:18.201>feed <00:05:18.308>in <00:05:18.416>that <00:05:18.524>cute <00:05:18.631>picture <00:05:18.739>of <00:05:18.847>a <00:05:18.955>puppy

122
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<00:05:20.675>as <00:05:20.875>the <00:05:21.075>input <00:05:21.275>on <00:05:21.475>the <00:05:21.675>left <00:05:21.875>hand <00:05:22.075>side.

123
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<00:05:22.455>And <00:05:22.624>so <00:05:22.794>when <00:05:22.964>you <00:05:23.133>feed <00:05:23.303>in <00:05:23.473>the <00:05:23.643>puppy,

124
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<00:05:24.115>you <00:05:24.395>expect <00:05:24.675>the <00:05:24.955>output <00:05:25.235>neuron <00:05:25.515>corresponding

125
00:05:26.815 --> 00:05:28.255
<00:05:26.815>to <00:05:27.074>the <00:05:27.333>dog <00:05:27.592>class <00:05:27.851>to <00:05:28.111>fire.

126
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<00:05:28.355>So <00:05:28.495>that's <00:05:28.635>why <00:05:28.775>the <00:05:28.915>dog <00:05:29.055>label <00:05:29.195>is <00:05:29.335>lit <00:05:29.475>up <00:05:29.615>with <00:05:29.755>yellow.

127
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<00:05:31.805>Suppose <00:05:31.945>however, <00:05:32.085>instead <00:05:32.225>of <00:05:32.365>a <00:05:32.505>puppy, <00:05:32.645>we <00:05:32.785>give <00:05:32.925>it <00:05:33.065>a <00:05:33.205>picture

128
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<00:05:34.935>that <00:05:35.090>it <00:05:35.246>hasn't <00:05:35.401>been <00:05:35.557>trained <00:05:35.712>on, <00:05:35.868>let's <00:05:36.023>say <00:05:36.179>a <00:05:36.335>jellyfish.

129
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<00:05:39.195>So <00:05:39.370>obviously <00:05:39.545>we're <00:05:39.719>not <00:05:39.895>gonna <00:05:40.070>get <00:05:40.245>the <00:05:40.420>output <00:05:40.594>class

130
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<00:05:41.815>for <00:05:42.094>the <00:05:42.373>dog <00:05:42.652>to <00:05:42.931>fire,

131
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<00:05:43.715>but <00:05:43.870>now <00:05:44.026>what <00:05:44.181>happens <00:05:44.337>if <00:05:44.492>we <00:05:44.648>start <00:05:44.803>making <00:05:44.959>a <00:05:45.115>series

132
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<00:05:47.275>of <00:05:47.474>modifications <00:05:47.674>to <00:05:47.875>our <00:05:48.075>original <00:05:48.275>input <00:05:48.474>to <00:05:48.674>try

133
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<00:05:50.615>to <00:05:50.848>get <00:05:51.081>the <00:05:51.315>dog <00:05:51.548>neuron <00:05:51.781>to <00:05:52.015>fire?

134
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<00:05:53.115>And <00:05:53.270>so <00:05:53.426>very <00:05:53.581>quickly, <00:05:53.737>after <00:05:53.892>just <00:05:54.048>a <00:05:54.203>few, <00:05:54.359>uh, <00:05:54.515>iterations

135
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<00:05:56.695>and <00:05:56.974>alterations, <00:05:57.255>you <00:05:57.534>start <00:05:57.815>to <00:05:58.094>get

136
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<00:05:59.005>recognizable <00:05:59.238>dog <00:05:59.471>parts <00:05:59.705>like <00:05:59.938>snouts <00:06:00.171>and <00:06:00.405>legs,

137
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<00:06:02.385>and <00:06:02.735>they're <00:06:03.085>really <00:06:03.435>surreal, <00:06:03.784>surreal

138
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<00:06:04.505>and <00:06:04.895>dreamlike <00:06:05.285>and <00:06:05.675>beautiful.

139
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<00:06:06.365>I <00:06:06.565>love <00:06:06.765>this <00:06:06.965>stuff. <00:06:07.165>Another <00:06:07.365>one <00:06:07.565>that <00:06:07.765>sort

140
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<00:06:09.455>of <00:06:09.630>went <00:06:09.805>viral <00:06:09.979>in <00:06:10.155>2016 <00:06:10.330>was <00:06:10.505>neural <00:06:10.680>style <00:06:10.854>transfer.

141
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<00:06:12.525>With <00:06:12.804>that, <00:06:13.085>uh, <00:06:13.364>Prisma <00:06:13.645>AI <00:06:13.924>app,

142
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<00:06:14.515>you <00:06:14.690>probably <00:06:14.865>saw <00:06:15.039>it <00:06:15.215>all <00:06:15.390>over <00:06:15.565>your <00:06:15.740>social <00:06:15.914>media.

143
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<00:06:17.435>Um, <00:06:17.668>so <00:06:17.901>the <00:06:18.135>technology <00:06:18.368>basically <00:06:18.601>separates <00:06:18.835>out

144
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<00:06:22.335>artistic <00:06:22.510>style <00:06:22.685>from <00:06:22.859>the <00:06:23.034>content <00:06:23.210>of <00:06:23.385>the <00:06:23.560>image <00:06:23.734>underneath.

145
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<00:06:25.205>It's <00:06:25.360>like <00:06:25.516>you <00:06:25.671>can <00:06:25.827>copy <00:06:25.982>the <00:06:26.138>style <00:06:26.293>from <00:06:26.449>one <00:06:26.604>image

146
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<00:06:28.235>and <00:06:28.515>paste <00:06:28.795>it <00:06:29.075>onto <00:06:29.355>another <00:06:29.635>one.

147
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<00:06:30.075>So <00:06:30.215>these <00:06:30.354>are <00:06:30.495>some <00:06:30.635>images <00:06:30.775>that <00:06:30.914>I <00:06:31.055>actually <00:06:31.195>generated <00:06:31.335>myself <00:06:31.474>at

148
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<00:06:32.975>a <00:06:33.208>TensorFlow <00:06:33.441>workshop <00:06:33.675>back <00:06:33.908>in <00:06:34.141>2017, <00:06:34.375>um,

149
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<00:06:36.495>starting <00:06:36.635>from <00:06:36.775>a <00:06:36.915>photo <00:06:37.055>of <00:06:37.195>my <00:06:37.335>husband <00:06:37.475>and <00:06:37.615>a <00:06:37.755>horse, <00:06:37.895>um,

150
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<00:06:39.835>and <00:06:39.990>applying <00:06:40.146>the <00:06:40.301>styles <00:06:40.457>of <00:06:40.612>a <00:06:40.768>few <00:06:40.923>different <00:06:41.079>famous <00:06:41.234>paintings.

151
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<00:06:43.155>Uh, <00:06:43.310>and <00:06:43.466>personally <00:06:43.621>I <00:06:43.777>really <00:06:43.932>like, <00:06:44.088>um, <00:06:44.243>that <00:06:44.399>first <00:06:44.554>one.

152
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<00:06:48.425>Another <00:06:48.705>big <00:06:48.985>breakthrough <00:06:49.265>for <00:06:49.545>artists, <00:06:49.825>uh,

153
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<00:06:50.435>and <00:06:50.668>you've <00:06:50.901>probably <00:06:51.135>heard <00:06:51.368>the <00:06:51.601>term <00:06:51.835>gans,

154
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<00:06:52.965>generative <00:06:53.665>adversarial <00:06:54.365>networks.

155
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<00:06:55.575>And <00:06:55.772>this <00:06:55.971>is <00:06:56.169>where <00:06:56.367>a <00:06:56.565>system <00:06:56.763>can <00:06:56.961>learn

156
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<00:06:57.115>to <00:06:57.465>generate <00:06:57.815>realistic <00:06:58.165>looking <00:06:58.515>images

157
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<00:06:59.305>that <00:06:59.538>don't <00:06:59.771>actually <00:07:00.005>exist <00:07:00.238>in <00:07:00.471>real <00:07:00.705>life.

158
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<00:07:01.575>Uh, <00:07:01.775>the <00:07:01.974>very <00:07:02.175>famous <00:07:02.375>example <00:07:02.575>is, <00:07:02.775>um, <00:07:02.974>uh,

159
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<00:07:03.875>these <00:07:04.050>people <00:07:04.225>do <00:07:04.400>not <00:07:04.575>exist, <00:07:04.750>I <00:07:04.925>think <00:07:05.100>it's <00:07:05.275>called,

160
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<00:07:05.595>which <00:07:05.839>is <00:07:06.084>images <00:07:06.329>of <00:07:06.574>human <00:07:06.818>beings.

161
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<00:07:07.335>Uh, <00:07:07.510>but <00:07:07.685>this <00:07:07.859>is <00:07:08.034>the <00:07:08.210>internet. <00:07:08.385>Let's <00:07:08.560>talk <00:07:08.734>cats.

162
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<00:07:10.095>The <00:07:10.328>websites, <00:07:10.561>these <00:07:10.795>cats <00:07:11.028>do <00:07:11.261>not <00:07:11.495>exist.

163
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<00:07:13.015>Dot <00:07:13.222>com, <00:07:13.429>which <00:07:13.635>is <00:07:13.842>a <00:07:14.049>real <00:07:14.257>website.

164
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<00:07:14.895>It <00:07:15.050>was <00:07:15.206>built <00:07:15.361>using <00:07:15.517>the <00:07:15.672>now <00:07:15.828>popular <00:07:15.983>style <00:07:16.139>GaN <00:07:16.294>on

165
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<00:07:18.015>Amazon <00:07:19.005>SageMaker.

166
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<00:07:19.175>And <00:07:19.315>I'm <00:07:19.455>gonna <00:07:19.595>talk <00:07:19.735>a <00:07:19.875>fair <00:07:20.015>bit <00:07:20.155>about <00:07:20.295>SageMaker <00:07:20.435>later <00:07:20.575>on.

167
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<00:07:23.095>But <00:07:23.235>some <00:07:23.375>of <00:07:23.515>the, <00:07:23.655>some <00:07:23.795>of <00:07:23.935>the <00:07:24.075>images <00:07:24.215>that <00:07:24.355>come <00:07:24.495>out

168
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<00:07:25.195>of <00:07:25.395>this <00:07:25.594>are <00:07:25.795>virtually <00:07:25.995>indistinguishable <00:07:26.195>from <00:07:26.395>reality, <00:07:26.594>while

169
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<00:07:28.175>others <00:07:28.350>are <00:07:28.525>maybe <00:07:28.700>a <00:07:28.875>a <00:07:29.050>little <00:07:29.225>bit <00:07:29.400>more <00:07:29.575>frightening.

170
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<00:07:32.635>You <00:07:32.860>don't <00:07:33.085>just <00:07:33.310>have <00:07:33.534>to <00:07:33.760>use <00:07:33.985>gans

171
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<00:07:34.135>to <00:07:34.485>create <00:07:34.835>photorealistic <00:07:35.185>output, <00:07:35.534>though.

172
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<00:07:36.355>Um, <00:07:36.555>this <00:07:36.755>one <00:07:36.955>here <00:07:37.155>is <00:07:37.355>a <00:07:37.555>piece <00:07:37.755>created

173
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<00:07:38.235>by <00:07:38.435>my <00:07:38.635>friend <00:07:38.835>Jay <00:07:39.035>Rosenbaum <00:07:39.235>back <00:07:39.435>in <00:07:39.635>Australia.

174
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<00:07:41.275>Uh, <00:07:41.508>Jay <00:07:41.741>is <00:07:41.974>a <00:07:42.208>Melbourne <00:07:42.441>AI <00:07:42.674>artist

175
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<00:07:43.555>and <00:07:43.788>researcher <00:07:44.021>working <00:07:44.255>with <00:07:44.488>3D <00:07:44.721>modeling <00:07:44.955>AI

176
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<00:07:46.295>and <00:07:46.761>extended <00:07:47.228>reality <00:07:47.695>technologies.

177
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<00:07:48.395>And <00:07:48.674>so <00:07:48.955>Melbourne, <00:07:49.234>you <00:07:49.515>may <00:07:49.794>know,

178
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<00:07:50.335>went <00:07:50.490>into <00:07:50.646>an <00:07:50.801>extended <00:07:50.957>lockdown <00:07:51.112>last <00:07:51.268>year <00:07:51.423>due <00:07:51.579>to <00:07:51.734>COVID.

179
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<00:07:53.355>Um, <00:07:53.510>and <00:07:53.666>so <00:07:53.821>during <00:07:53.977>the <00:07:54.132>lockdown, <00:07:54.288>Jay <00:07:54.443>created <00:07:54.599>these <00:07:54.755>artworks,

180
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<00:07:56.635>uh, <00:07:56.835>starting <00:07:57.034>with <00:07:57.235>drawings <00:07:57.435>of <00:07:57.635>faces <00:07:57.835>and <00:07:58.034>bodies,

181
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<00:07:59.515>and <00:07:59.670>then <00:07:59.826>used <00:07:59.981>GaN <00:08:00.137>to <00:08:00.292>generate <00:08:00.448>landscapes <00:08:00.603>from <00:08:00.759>the <00:08:00.914>sketches.

182
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<00:08:03.155>And <00:08:03.354>the <00:08:03.554>artworks <00:08:03.755>called <00:08:03.955>the <00:08:04.155>isolation <00:08:04.354>of <00:08:04.554>being.

183
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<00:08:05.215>I <00:08:05.448>think <00:08:05.681>it's <00:08:05.914>very <00:08:06.148>pretty. <00:08:06.381>And <00:08:06.614>just

184
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<00:08:10.035>one <00:08:10.315>last <00:08:10.595>machine <00:08:10.875>learning <00:08:11.155>use <00:08:11.435>case.

185
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<00:08:12.115>The <00:08:12.290>the <00:08:12.465>one <00:08:12.640>that <00:08:12.815>I <00:08:12.990>personally <00:08:13.165>love <00:08:13.340>the <00:08:13.515>most,

186
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<00:08:14.285>getting <00:08:14.635>pizza <00:08:14.985>to <00:08:15.335>people <00:08:15.685>faster.

187
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<00:08:17.655>Domino's <00:08:17.854>Pizza <00:08:18.054>Enterprises <00:08:18.255>Limited <00:08:18.455>is <00:08:18.655>the <00:08:18.854>largest <00:08:19.054>Domino's

188
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<00:08:20.975>franchise <00:08:21.227>holder <00:08:21.479>in <00:08:21.731>the <00:08:21.983>world.

189
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<00:08:22.095>They <00:08:22.375>represent <00:08:22.655>Domino's <00:08:22.935>in <00:08:23.215>nine <00:08:23.495>countries,

190
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<00:08:24.645>including <00:08:24.844>here <00:08:25.044>in <00:08:25.245>Germany <00:08:25.445>where <00:08:25.645>I <00:08:25.844>live <00:08:26.044>now.

191
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<00:08:27.155>And <00:08:27.354>in <00:08:27.554>Australia <00:08:27.755>where <00:08:27.955>I <00:08:28.155>used <00:08:28.354>to <00:08:28.554>live.

192
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<00:08:29.395>So <00:08:29.594>even <00:08:29.794>before <00:08:29.995>the <00:08:30.195>pandemic, <00:08:30.395>uh, <00:08:30.594>Domino's <00:08:30.794>knew

193
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<00:08:32.054>that <00:08:32.229>more <00:08:32.405>than <00:08:32.579>70% <00:08:32.755>of <00:08:32.929>their <00:08:33.104>sales <00:08:33.280>were <00:08:33.454>coming

194
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<00:08:34.095>through <00:08:34.581>online <00:08:35.067>orders,

195
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<00:08:35.635>and <00:08:35.868>they <00:08:36.101>worked <00:08:36.335>out <00:08:36.568>that <00:08:36.801>the <00:08:37.034>sooner

196
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<00:08:37.255>that <00:08:37.455>they <00:08:37.655>could <00:08:37.855>get <00:08:38.054>a <00:08:38.255>pizza <00:08:38.455>to <00:08:38.655>customers,

197
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<00:08:39.155>the <00:08:39.355>happier <00:08:39.554>the <00:08:39.755>customers <00:08:39.954>were <00:08:40.155>with <00:08:40.355>their <00:08:40.554>meal,

198
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<00:08:41.315>of <00:08:41.693>course, <00:08:42.071>makes <00:08:42.449>sense.

199
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<00:08:43.355>So <00:08:43.555>in <00:08:43.755>2019, <00:08:43.955>they <00:08:44.155>launched <00:08:44.355>Project <00:08:44.555>three <00:08:44.755>10,

200
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<00:08:47.065>which <00:08:47.265>was <00:08:47.465>an <00:08:47.665>in <00:08:47.865>an <00:08:48.065>initiative <00:08:48.265>that <00:08:48.465>aimed

201
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<00:08:49.695>to <00:08:49.850>have <00:08:50.006>a <00:08:50.161>pizza <00:08:50.317>ready <00:08:50.472>for <00:08:50.628>pickup <00:08:50.783>within <00:08:50.939>three <00:08:51.095>minutes

202
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<00:08:53.075>of <00:08:53.275>ordering <00:08:53.475>it, <00:08:53.675>or <00:08:53.875>safely <00:08:54.075>delivered <00:08:54.275>within <00:08:54.475>10.

203
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<00:08:57.265>So <00:08:57.439>they <00:08:57.615>achieve <00:08:57.790>that <00:08:57.965>through <00:08:58.140>more <00:08:58.314>efficient <00:08:58.490>cooking <00:08:58.665>methods

204
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<00:09:00.105>and <00:09:00.305>transportation, <00:09:00.505>obviously <00:09:00.705>by <00:09:00.905>opening <00:09:01.105>more <00:09:01.305>stores <00:09:01.505>closer

205
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<00:09:03.825>to <00:09:04.087>where <00:09:04.350>people <00:09:04.613>live, <00:09:04.876>of <00:09:05.139>course,

206
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<00:09:05.745>but <00:09:06.095>also <00:09:06.445>using <00:09:06.795>predictive <00:09:07.145>technologies

207
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<00:09:08.065>to <00:09:08.265>help <00:09:08.465>reduce <00:09:08.665>pizza <00:09:08.865>making <00:09:09.065>and <00:09:09.265>delivery <00:09:09.465>times.

208
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<00:09:11.065>So <00:09:11.265>the <00:09:11.465>system <00:09:11.665>they <00:09:11.865>implemented <00:09:12.065>uses <00:09:12.265>Amazon <00:09:12.465>S3,

209
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<00:09:13.965>that's <00:09:14.140>our <00:09:14.315>simple <00:09:14.490>storage <00:09:14.665>service <00:09:14.840>as <00:09:15.015>a <00:09:15.190>data <00:09:15.365>lake

210
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<00:09:17.185>and <00:09:17.385>Amazon <00:09:17.584>SageMaker <00:09:17.785>to <00:09:17.984>build <00:09:18.185>machine <00:09:18.385>learning <00:09:18.584>models.

211
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<00:09:20.585>So <00:09:20.927>basically <00:09:21.269>the <00:09:21.611>restaurants

212
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<00:09:21.725>that <00:09:21.900>have <00:09:22.075>this <00:09:22.250>have <00:09:22.425>like <00:09:22.600>a <00:09:22.775>heads <00:09:22.950>up <00:09:23.125>display

213
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<00:09:24.035>that <00:09:24.482>shows <00:09:24.929>the <00:09:25.376>likelihood

214
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<00:09:25.545>of <00:09:25.719>certain <00:09:25.895>pizzas <00:09:26.069>being <00:09:26.245>ordered <00:09:26.420>at <00:09:26.594>any <00:09:26.770>given <00:09:26.944>time,

215
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<00:09:28.185>and <00:09:28.373>the <00:09:28.563>people <00:09:28.752>there <00:09:28.941>can <00:09:29.130>actually <00:09:29.319>start

216
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<00:09:29.445>making <00:09:29.724>them <00:09:30.003>ahead <00:09:30.281>of <00:09:30.560>time.

217
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<00:09:31.105>So <00:09:31.305>their <00:09:31.505>sliding <00:09:31.705>out <00:09:31.905>of <00:09:32.105>the <00:09:32.305>oven, <00:09:32.505>just

218
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<00:09:33.385>as <00:09:33.585>you're <00:09:33.785>calling <00:09:33.985>up <00:09:34.185>to <00:09:34.385>place <00:09:34.585>your <00:09:34.785>order.

219
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<00:09:35.585>And <00:09:35.818>at <00:09:36.051>one <00:09:36.285>store, <00:09:36.518>they <00:09:36.751>actually <00:09:36.985>managed

220
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<00:09:37.685>to <00:09:37.859>get <00:09:38.035>delivery <00:09:38.209>times <00:09:38.385>down <00:09:38.560>to <00:09:38.734>just <00:09:38.910>five <00:09:39.084>minutes.

221
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<00:09:43.055>So <00:09:43.280>how <00:09:43.505>is <00:09:43.729>this <00:09:43.954>relevant <00:09:44.180>to <00:09:44.405>you?

222
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<00:09:45.195>I <00:09:45.370>honestly <00:09:45.545>can't <00:09:45.720>believe <00:09:45.895>you'd <00:09:46.070>be <00:09:46.245>asking <00:09:46.420>that <00:09:46.595>given

223
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<00:09:47.475>that <00:09:47.650>I <00:09:47.825>just <00:09:48.000>told <00:09:48.175>you <00:09:48.350>about <00:09:48.525>getting <00:09:48.700>pizza <00:09:48.875>faster.

224
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<00:09:50.175>Um, <00:09:50.505>but <00:09:50.834>I <00:09:51.165>know

225
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<00:09:51.275>that <00:09:51.508>sometimes <00:09:51.741>traditional <00:09:51.975>software <00:09:52.208>developers <00:09:52.441>think <00:09:52.675>this

226
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<00:09:54.035>all <00:09:54.314>sounds <00:09:54.594>neat <00:09:54.875>and <00:09:55.155>super <00:09:55.435>complicated,

227
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<00:09:55.855>but <00:09:55.995>not <00:09:56.135>really <00:09:56.275>something <00:09:56.415>that <00:09:56.555>impacts <00:09:56.695>them <00:09:56.835>in <00:09:56.975>their <00:09:57.115>day <00:09:57.255>job.

228
00:10:00.595 --> 00:10:03.765
<00:10:00.595>What <00:10:00.750>I <00:10:00.906>want <00:10:01.061>you <00:10:01.217>to <00:10:01.372>understand <00:10:01.528>at <00:10:01.683>AWS, <00:10:01.839>we <00:10:01.995>believe

229
00:10:03.765 --> 00:10:04.965
<00:10:03.765>that <00:10:03.981>in <00:10:04.197>the <00:10:04.413>fullness <00:10:04.629>of <00:10:04.845>time,

230
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<00:10:05.155>virtually <00:10:05.329>every <00:10:05.505>application <00:10:05.680>is <00:10:05.855>going <00:10:06.030>to <00:10:06.204>be <00:10:06.380>infused <00:10:06.555>with

231
00:10:09.125 --> 00:10:10.885
<00:10:09.125>artificial <00:10:09.475>intelligence <00:10:09.825>and <00:10:10.175>machine <00:10:10.525>learning.

232
00:10:11.515 --> 00:10:12.965
<00:10:11.515>Most <00:10:11.776>of <00:10:12.037>the <00:10:12.298>customers <00:10:12.559>we're <00:10:12.820>talking

233
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<00:10:12.965>to <00:10:13.198>are <00:10:13.431>really <00:10:13.665>interested <00:10:13.898>in <00:10:14.131>this <00:10:14.365>areas

234
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<00:10:15.385>and <00:10:15.585>not <00:10:15.785>just <00:10:15.985>the <00:10:16.185>ones <00:10:16.385>you <00:10:16.585>expect, <00:10:16.785>um,

235
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<00:10:17.835>financial <00:10:18.185>services <00:10:18.535>companies <00:10:18.885>of <00:10:19.235>course,

236
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<00:10:20.145>but <00:10:20.425>also <00:10:20.704>startups, <00:10:20.985>SaaS <00:10:21.265>providers, <00:10:21.545>retailers,

237
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<00:10:23.365>media <00:10:23.831>companies, <00:10:24.298>even <00:10:24.765>nonprofits.

238
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<00:10:26.025>And <00:10:26.180>we're <00:10:26.336>really <00:10:26.491>only <00:10:26.647>at <00:10:26.802>the <00:10:26.958>beginning <00:10:27.113>of <00:10:27.269>this <00:10:27.425>revolution.

239
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<00:10:29.545>Uh, <00:10:29.672>so <00:10:29.799>for <00:10:29.926>the <00:10:30.054>sake <00:10:30.181>of <00:10:30.308>your <00:10:30.435>own <00:10:30.563>career, <00:10:30.690>I'm <00:10:30.817>telling <00:10:30.944>you,

240
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<00:10:31.805>you <00:10:31.979>need <00:10:32.155>to <00:10:32.329>develop <00:10:32.505>an <00:10:32.680>understanding <00:10:32.854>of <00:10:33.030>these <00:10:33.204>technologies.

241
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<00:10:35.875>This <00:10:36.030>is <00:10:36.186>a <00:10:36.341>quote <00:10:36.497>I <00:10:36.652>really <00:10:36.808>like <00:10:36.963>from <00:10:37.119>Chris <00:10:37.275>Bishop,

242
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<00:10:38.415>who's <00:10:38.555>in <00:10:38.694>a <00:10:38.834>top <00:10:38.974>AI <00:10:39.115>researcher <00:10:39.255>and <00:10:39.395>academic <00:10:39.535>in <00:10:39.675>the <00:10:39.814>uk.

243
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<00:10:42.145>So <00:10:42.352>there's <00:10:42.559>been <00:10:42.766>this <00:10:42.973>idea <00:10:43.180>floating <00:10:43.387>around

244
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<00:10:43.525>for <00:10:43.725>the <00:10:43.925>past <00:10:44.125>couple <00:10:44.324>of <00:10:44.525>years, <00:10:44.725>a <00:10:44.925>sort

245
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<00:10:45.125>of <00:10:45.358>paradigm <00:10:45.591>shift <00:10:45.825>in <00:10:46.058>software <00:10:46.291>development, <00:10:46.525>uh,

246
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<00:10:48.125>called <00:10:48.737>Software <00:10:49.349>2.0.

247
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<00:10:49.905>And <00:10:50.185>the <00:10:50.464>quote <00:10:50.745>really <00:10:51.025>summarizes <00:10:51.305>it.

248
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<00:10:52.265>For <00:10:52.465>the <00:10:52.665>last <00:10:52.865>40 <00:10:53.064>years, <00:10:53.265>we've <00:10:53.465>programmed <00:10:53.665>computers

249
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<00:10:55.025>for <00:10:55.225>the <00:10:55.425>next <00:10:55.625>40, <00:10:55.824>we <00:10:56.025>will <00:10:56.225>train <00:10:56.425>them.

250
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<00:10:58.065>So <00:10:58.240>in <00:10:58.415>other <00:10:58.590>words, <00:10:58.765>instead <00:10:58.940>of <00:10:59.115>writing <00:10:59.290>exact <00:10:59.465>instructions

251
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<00:11:00.925>to <00:11:01.099>a <00:11:01.275>computer, <00:11:01.449>we <00:11:01.625>are <00:11:01.800>gonna <00:11:01.974>start <00:11:02.150>training <00:11:02.324>software

252
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<00:11:03.465>to <00:11:03.640>customize <00:11:03.815>itself <00:11:03.990>to <00:11:04.165>different <00:11:04.340>users <00:11:04.515>and <00:11:04.690>use <00:11:04.865>cases.

253
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<00:11:07.345>So <00:11:07.545>instead <00:11:07.745>of <00:11:07.945>writing <00:11:08.145>something <00:11:08.345>once, <00:11:08.545>cloning <00:11:08.745>it

254
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<00:11:09.805>and <00:11:10.005>running <00:11:10.204>it <00:11:10.405>everywhere, <00:11:10.604>we're <00:11:10.805>going <00:11:11.005>to <00:11:11.204>move

255
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<00:11:11.965>to <00:11:12.198>writing <00:11:12.431>it <00:11:12.665>once <00:11:12.898>and <00:11:13.131>then <00:11:13.365>train

256
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<00:11:13.985>or <00:11:14.265>adapt <00:11:14.545>to <00:11:14.825>create <00:11:15.105>many <00:11:15.385>customizations.

257
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<00:11:17.925>But <00:11:18.080>also <00:11:18.236>instead <00:11:18.391>of <00:11:18.547>building <00:11:18.702>code <00:11:18.858>out <00:11:19.013>of <00:11:19.169>precise <00:11:19.324>functions

258
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<00:11:21.065>as <00:11:21.265>building <00:11:21.465>blocks, <00:11:21.665>we're <00:11:21.865>gonna <00:11:22.065>move <00:11:22.265>to <00:11:22.465>functions

259
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<00:11:23.865>that <00:11:24.215>don't <00:11:24.565>always <00:11:24.915>produce <00:11:25.265>exactly

260
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<00:11:26.265>accurate <00:11:26.601>results <00:11:26.937>every <00:11:27.273>time.

261
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<00:11:27.765>And <00:11:27.905>that <00:11:28.045>means <00:11:28.185>you <00:11:28.324>need <00:11:28.465>to <00:11:28.605>know <00:11:28.745>how <00:11:28.885>to <00:11:29.025>handle <00:11:29.165>that.

262
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<00:11:30.995>Just <00:11:31.135>to <00:11:31.275>give <00:11:31.415>you <00:11:31.555>an <00:11:31.695>example, <00:11:31.835>this <00:11:31.975>is <00:11:32.115>a <00:11:32.255>code <00:11:32.395>snippet

263
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<00:11:33.925>that <00:11:34.064>can <00:11:34.204>be <00:11:34.344>used, <00:11:34.484>it's <00:11:34.625>Python, <00:11:34.765>uh, <00:11:34.905>that <00:11:35.045>can <00:11:35.185>be <00:11:35.324>used

264
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<00:11:36.205>to <00:11:36.555>invoke <00:11:36.905>Amazon <00:11:37.255>text <00:11:37.605>extract.

265
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<00:11:38.305>So <00:11:38.479>this <00:11:38.655>is <00:11:38.829>a <00:11:39.005>AI <00:11:39.180>service <00:11:39.354>that <00:11:39.530>we <00:11:39.704>have

266
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<00:11:40.325>where <00:11:40.465>you <00:11:40.605>feed <00:11:40.745>in <00:11:40.885>an <00:11:41.025>image <00:11:41.165>with <00:11:41.305>some <00:11:41.445>text <00:11:41.585>in <00:11:41.725>it,

267
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<00:11:42.465>and <00:11:42.640>it <00:11:42.815>will <00:11:42.990>actually <00:11:43.165>retrieve <00:11:43.340>the <00:11:43.515>text <00:11:43.690>for <00:11:43.865>you.

268
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<00:11:45.345>So <00:11:45.586>in <00:11:45.827>this <00:11:46.068>case, <00:11:46.309>the <00:11:46.550>component

269
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<00:11:46.685>that <00:11:46.918>we're <00:11:47.151>invoking <00:11:47.385>has <00:11:47.618>already <00:11:47.851>been <00:11:48.084>pre-trained.

270
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<00:11:48.565>You <00:11:48.755>don't <00:11:48.945>need <00:11:49.135>to <00:11:49.326>train <00:11:49.516>the <00:11:49.706>model <00:11:49.896>yourself.

271
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<00:11:50.545>Um, <00:11:50.700>but <00:11:50.856>unlike <00:11:51.011>invoking <00:11:51.167>a <00:11:51.322>function <00:11:51.478>that <00:11:51.633>always, <00:11:51.789>you <00:11:51.944>know,

272
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<00:11:53.925>that's <00:11:54.275>guaranteed <00:11:54.625>to <00:11:54.974>return <00:11:55.324>predictable

273
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<00:11:56.165>and <00:11:56.631>accurate <00:11:57.098>results, <00:11:57.564>instead,

274
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<00:11:57.845>you're <00:11:58.045>gonna <00:11:58.245>get <00:11:58.445>confidence <00:11:58.645>values, <00:11:58.845>you're <00:11:59.045>gonna <00:11:59.245>need

275
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<00:12:00.405>to <00:12:00.605>examine <00:12:00.805>confidence, <00:12:01.005>values, <00:12:01.204>return <00:12:01.405>by <00:12:01.605>text <00:12:01.805>extract,

276
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<00:12:03.625>and <00:12:03.765>then <00:12:03.905>branch <00:12:04.045>your <00:12:04.185>logic <00:12:04.325>based <00:12:04.465>on <00:12:04.605>the <00:12:04.745>level <00:12:04.885>of <00:12:05.025>confidence.

277
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<00:12:07.505>So <00:12:07.692>in <00:12:07.880>some <00:12:08.068>ways, <00:12:08.255>this <00:12:08.443>is <00:12:08.631>similar <00:12:08.819>to

278
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<00:12:08.965>how <00:12:09.313>you <00:12:09.661>handle <00:12:10.009>exceptions.

279
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<00:12:10.185>You <00:12:10.418>know, <00:12:10.651>do <00:12:10.885>one <00:12:11.118>thing <00:12:11.351>on <00:12:11.584>success,

280
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<00:12:12.505>do <00:12:12.734>another <00:12:12.964>thing <00:12:13.193>on <00:12:13.423>failure,

281
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<00:12:14.025>but <00:12:14.225>in <00:12:14.425>this <00:12:14.625>case, <00:12:14.824>the <00:12:15.025>outcome <00:12:15.225>isn't <00:12:15.425>binary.

282
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<00:12:16.225>It <00:12:16.380>is <00:12:16.536>a <00:12:16.691>spectrum <00:12:16.847>of <00:12:17.002>possible <00:12:17.158>confidence <00:12:17.313>levels <00:12:17.469>over <00:12:17.625>the

283
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<00:12:19.165>results <00:12:19.365>that <00:12:19.564>you're <00:12:19.765>gonna <00:12:19.964>need <00:12:20.165>to <00:12:20.365>deal <00:12:20.564>with.

284
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<00:12:22.025>So, <00:12:22.165>look, <00:12:22.305>that, <00:12:22.444>that's <00:12:22.584>just <00:12:22.725>a <00:12:22.865>little <00:12:23.005>bit <00:12:23.145>of <00:12:23.285>my <00:12:23.425>argument

285
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<00:12:24.445>that, <00:12:24.620>that <00:12:24.795>regardless <00:12:24.970>of <00:12:25.145>the <00:12:25.320>code <00:12:25.495>you're <00:12:25.670>writing <00:12:25.845>today,

286
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<00:12:27.245>I <00:12:27.385>really <00:12:27.525>think <00:12:27.665>it <00:12:27.805>just, <00:12:27.945>it <00:12:28.085>all <00:12:28.225>of <00:12:28.365>us <00:12:28.505>can <00:12:28.645>benefit

287
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<00:12:29.465>by <00:12:29.640>getting <00:12:29.815>a <00:12:29.990>basic <00:12:30.165>understanding <00:12:30.340>of <00:12:30.515>how <00:12:30.690>this <00:12:30.865>works.

288
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<00:12:32.465>If <00:12:32.665>you're <00:12:32.865>just <00:12:33.065>starting <00:12:33.265>out <00:12:33.465>with <00:12:33.665>machine <00:12:33.865>learning

289
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<00:12:34.425>and <00:12:34.580>you <00:12:34.736>wanna <00:12:34.891>know <00:12:35.047>how <00:12:35.202>to <00:12:35.358>get <00:12:35.513>going, <00:12:35.669>one <00:12:35.824>resource

290
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<00:12:36.885>that <00:12:37.060>I <00:12:37.235>can <00:12:37.410>really <00:12:37.585>recommend <00:12:37.760>is <00:12:37.935>AWS's <00:12:38.110>Ramp <00:12:38.285>Up

291
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<00:12:39.485>Guide <00:12:39.809>for <00:12:40.133>Machine <00:12:40.457>Learning.

292
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<00:12:40.835>This <00:12:41.081>is <00:12:41.328>a, <00:12:41.574>a <00:12:41.821>free <00:12:42.068>download.

293
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<00:12:42.315>It's <00:12:42.470>on <00:12:42.626>the <00:12:42.781>website <00:12:42.937>there <00:12:43.092>at <00:12:43.248>the <00:12:43.403>URL, <00:12:43.559>it <00:12:43.715>links

294
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<00:12:44.765>to <00:12:45.233>free <00:12:45.700>resources

295
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<00:12:45.805>and <00:12:46.005>training <00:12:46.204>courses <00:12:46.405>that <00:12:46.604>you <00:12:46.805>can <00:12:47.005>start, <00:12:47.204>um,

296
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<00:12:48.225>to <00:12:48.502>start <00:12:48.779>building <00:12:49.056>up <00:12:49.333>your <00:12:49.611>skills.

297
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<00:12:50.945>Also, <00:12:51.332>back <00:12:51.719>in <00:12:52.106>February,

298
00:12:52.375 --> 00:12:54.675
<00:12:52.375>we <00:12:52.608>held <00:12:52.841>an <00:12:53.075>event <00:12:53.308>called <00:12:53.541>AWS <00:12:53.775>Innovate,

299
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<00:12:54.845>which <00:12:55.000>was <00:12:55.156>an <00:12:55.311>online <00:12:55.467>event <00:12:55.622>with <00:12:55.778>more <00:12:55.933>than <00:12:56.089>50 <00:12:56.245>sessions

300
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<00:12:57.545>with <00:12:57.895>latest <00:12:58.245>innovations, <00:12:58.594>key <00:12:58.944>concepts,

301
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<00:13:00.455>use <00:13:00.921>cases, <00:13:01.388>best <00:13:01.855>practices.

302
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<00:13:02.335>And <00:13:02.475>so <00:13:02.615>if <00:13:02.755>you <00:13:02.895>Google <00:13:03.035>AWS <00:13:03.175>Innovate, <00:13:03.315>you <00:13:03.455>can <00:13:03.595>still <00:13:03.735>register

303
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<00:13:05.935>and <00:13:06.135>watch <00:13:06.334>all <00:13:06.535>of <00:13:06.734>those <00:13:06.935>sessions <00:13:07.135>on <00:13:07.334>demand.

304
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<00:13:10.235>I <00:13:10.390>just <00:13:10.546>wanna <00:13:10.701>briefly <00:13:10.857>just <00:13:11.012>outline <00:13:11.168>the <00:13:11.323>AWS <00:13:11.479>machine <00:13:11.635>learning

305
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<00:13:14.165>stack, <00:13:14.320>just <00:13:14.476>because <00:13:14.631>we <00:13:14.787>have <00:13:14.942>a <00:13:15.098>lot <00:13:15.253>of <00:13:15.409>different <00:13:15.564>tools

306
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<00:13:16.495>and <00:13:16.670>it's <00:13:16.845>growing <00:13:17.020>all <00:13:17.195>the <00:13:17.370>time <00:13:17.545>from <00:13:17.720>the <00:13:17.895>start.

307
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<00:13:20.335>Our <00:13:20.597>mission <00:13:20.860>at <00:13:21.123>AWS <00:13:21.386>has <00:13:21.649>been

308
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<00:13:21.795>to <00:13:21.950>put <00:13:22.106>machine <00:13:22.261>learning <00:13:22.417>in <00:13:22.572>the <00:13:22.728>hands <00:13:22.883>of <00:13:23.039>every <00:13:23.194>developer.

309
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<00:13:25.255>So <00:13:25.430>how <00:13:25.605>do <00:13:25.780>we <00:13:25.955>do <00:13:26.130>this? <00:13:26.305>We <00:13:26.480>do <00:13:26.655>this

310
00:13:28.355 --> 00:13:31.275
<00:13:28.355>by <00:13:28.530>building <00:13:28.705>many <00:13:28.880>different <00:13:29.055>AI <00:13:29.230>ML <00:13:29.405>services <00:13:29.580>that <00:13:29.755>cater

311
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<00:13:31.295>to <00:13:31.625>different <00:13:31.954>skill <00:13:32.285>levels.

312
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<00:13:32.655>And <00:13:32.810>I <00:13:32.966>know <00:13:33.121>it <00:13:33.277>looks <00:13:33.432>like <00:13:33.588>there's <00:13:33.743>a <00:13:33.899>lot <00:13:34.055>here,

313
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<00:13:35.095>but <00:13:35.328>these <00:13:35.561>services <00:13:35.795>can <00:13:36.028>be <00:13:36.261>roughly <00:13:36.495>positioned

314
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<00:13:37.435>in <00:13:37.759>three <00:13:38.083>different <00:13:38.406>layers.

315
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<00:13:39.005>We've <00:13:39.205>got <00:13:39.405>frameworks <00:13:39.605>and <00:13:39.805>infrastructure <00:13:40.005>at <00:13:40.205>the <00:13:40.405>bottom.

316
00:13:41.365 --> 00:13:43.315
<00:13:41.365>We've <00:13:41.565>got <00:13:41.765>machine <00:13:41.965>learning <00:13:42.165>services <00:13:42.365>in <00:13:42.565>the <00:13:42.765>middle,

317
00:13:43.455 --> 00:13:45.435
<00:13:43.455>and <00:13:43.655>we've <00:13:43.855>got <00:13:44.055>AI <00:13:44.255>services <00:13:44.455>at <00:13:44.655>the <00:13:44.855>top.

318
00:13:45.815 --> 00:13:48.195
<00:13:45.815>And <00:13:45.931>so <00:13:46.048>I'm <00:13:46.165>just <00:13:46.281>gonna <00:13:46.398>go <00:13:46.515>into <00:13:46.631>those <00:13:46.748>a <00:13:46.865>little <00:13:46.981>bit <00:13:47.098>just <00:13:47.215>to

319
00:13:48.335 --> 00:13:49.595
<00:13:48.335>so <00:13:48.561>you <00:13:48.788>understand <00:13:49.015>what <00:13:49.242>they <00:13:49.469>mean.

320
00:13:51.045 --> 00:13:55.225
<00:13:51.045>So <00:13:51.161>that <00:13:51.278>top <00:13:51.395>layer, <00:13:51.511>uh, <00:13:51.628>AI <00:13:51.745>services, <00:13:51.861>as <00:13:51.978>we <00:13:52.094>call <00:13:52.211>it, <00:13:52.328>these <00:13:52.444>are

321
00:13:55.225 --> 00:13:57.865
<00:13:55.225>where <00:13:55.458>models <00:13:55.691>are <00:13:55.925>largely <00:13:56.158>pre-trained <00:13:56.391>for <00:13:56.625>you.

322
00:13:58.005 --> 00:13:59.825
<00:13:58.005>You <00:13:58.180>don't <00:13:58.355>have <00:13:58.530>to <00:13:58.705>train <00:13:58.880>any <00:13:59.055>machine <00:13:59.230>learning <00:13:59.405>models

323
00:14:00.165 --> 00:14:03.265
<00:14:00.165>and <00:14:00.339>predictions <00:14:00.515>are <00:14:00.689>accessible <00:14:00.865>just <00:14:01.040>by <00:14:01.214>calling <00:14:01.390>an <00:14:01.564>API.

324
00:14:03.885 --> 00:14:06.305
<00:14:03.885>So <00:14:04.165>these <00:14:04.444>range <00:14:04.725>from <00:14:05.005>image <00:14:05.285>recognition,

325
00:14:06.575 --> 00:14:09.745
<00:14:06.575>natural <00:14:06.775>language <00:14:06.975>processing, <00:14:07.175>including <00:14:07.375>both <00:14:07.575>speech <00:14:07.775>to <00:14:07.975>text

326
00:14:09.765 --> 00:14:12.465
<00:14:09.765>and <00:14:09.965>text <00:14:10.165>to <00:14:10.365>speech, <00:14:10.564>uh, <00:14:10.765>Amazon <00:14:10.965>text <00:14:11.165>extract

327
00:14:12.465 --> 00:14:14.905
<00:14:12.465>that <00:14:12.605>I <00:14:12.745>just <00:14:12.885>mentioned <00:14:13.025>and <00:14:13.165>showed <00:14:13.305>you <00:14:13.445>that <00:14:13.585>snippet <00:14:13.725>of <00:14:13.865>code,

328
00:14:15.455 --> 00:14:16.825
<00:14:15.455>even <00:14:15.763>a <00:14:16.071>newly <00:14:16.379>launched <00:14:16.688>suite

329
00:14:16.825 --> 00:14:19.905
<00:14:16.825>of <00:14:17.000>anomaly <00:14:17.175>detection <00:14:17.350>tools <00:14:17.525>under <00:14:17.700>the <00:14:17.875>Amazon <00:14:18.050>Lookout <00:14:18.225>brand.

330
00:14:19.925 --> 00:14:21.545
<00:14:19.925>You <00:14:20.158>see <00:14:20.391>a <00:14:20.625>lot <00:14:20.858>of <00:14:21.091>new <00:14:21.324>there

331
00:14:21.545 --> 00:14:23.665
<00:14:21.545>because <00:14:21.685>we <00:14:21.824>had <00:14:21.964>a <00:14:22.104>lot <00:14:22.245>of <00:14:22.385>announcements <00:14:22.525>in <00:14:22.665>this <00:14:22.805>space <00:14:22.944>at

332
00:14:23.825 --> 00:14:27.555
<00:14:23.825>reinvent <00:14:24.058>last <00:14:24.291>year <00:14:24.525>in <00:14:24.758>the <00:14:24.991>middle <00:14:25.225>layer,

333
00:14:27.685 --> 00:14:29.435
<00:14:27.685>which <00:14:27.964>we <00:14:28.244>call <00:14:28.525>machine <00:14:28.805>learning <00:14:29.084>services.

334
00:14:29.585 --> 00:14:32.235
<00:14:29.585>This, <00:14:29.760>for <00:14:29.935>the <00:14:30.110>most <00:14:30.285>part, <00:14:30.460>means <00:14:30.635>the <00:14:30.810>various <00:14:30.985>functionality

335
00:14:32.255 --> 00:14:33.635
<00:14:32.255>of <00:14:32.876>Amazon <00:14:33.497>SageMaker.

336
00:14:34.375 --> 00:14:35.395
<00:14:34.375>So <00:14:34.834>this <00:14:35.293>is

337
00:14:35.395 --> 00:14:37.875
<00:14:35.395>where <00:14:35.595>we <00:14:35.795>offer <00:14:35.995>it <00:14:36.194>integrated <00:14:36.395>dev <00:14:36.595>development <00:14:36.795>environment

338
00:14:37.875 --> 00:14:41.315
<00:14:37.875>and <00:14:38.050>IDE <00:14:38.225>called <00:14:38.400>SageMaker <00:14:38.575>Studio, <00:14:38.750>with <00:14:38.925>all <00:14:39.100>the <00:14:39.275>tools

339
00:14:41.315 --> 00:14:45.315
<00:14:41.315>that <00:14:41.490>you <00:14:41.665>need <00:14:41.840>to <00:14:42.015>develop, <00:14:42.190>train, <00:14:42.365>debug, <00:14:42.540>tune, <00:14:42.715>deploy,

340
00:14:45.335 --> 00:14:47.155
<00:14:45.335>and <00:14:45.615>monitor <00:14:45.895>your <00:14:46.175>machine <00:14:46.455>learning <00:14:46.735>models.

341
00:14:47.775 --> 00:14:50.275
<00:14:47.775>And <00:14:47.975>again, <00:14:48.175>lots <00:14:48.375>of <00:14:48.574>new <00:14:48.775>labels <00:14:48.975>on <00:14:49.175>there

342
00:14:50.275 --> 00:14:52.205
<00:14:50.275>because <00:14:50.555>we <00:14:50.834>introduced <00:14:51.115>a <00:14:51.395>whole <00:14:51.675>raft

343
00:14:52.205 --> 00:14:54.045
<00:14:52.205>of <00:14:52.485>new <00:14:52.765>features <00:14:53.045>back <00:14:53.325>at <00:14:53.605>reinvent.

344
00:14:55.775 --> 00:14:58.435
<00:14:55.775>And <00:14:55.902>finally, <00:14:56.029>if <00:14:56.156>you <00:14:56.284>are <00:14:56.411>an <00:14:56.538>expert, <00:14:56.665>if <00:14:56.793>you <00:14:56.920>know <00:14:57.047>this <00:14:57.175>stuff,

345
00:14:58.535 --> 00:14:59.835
<00:14:58.535>uh, <00:14:58.730>and <00:14:58.925>you <00:14:59.120>wanna <00:14:59.315>roll <00:14:59.510>your <00:14:59.705>own,

346
00:14:59.935 --> 00:15:02.515
<00:14:59.935>we <00:15:00.074>have <00:15:00.214>the <00:15:00.354>foundational <00:15:00.494>options <00:15:00.635>there <00:15:00.775>at <00:15:00.915>the <00:15:01.055>bottom <00:15:01.194>in <00:15:01.334>the

347
00:15:02.515 --> 00:15:03.955
<00:15:02.515>frameworks <00:15:02.947>and <00:15:03.379>infrastructure <00:15:03.811>layer.

348
00:15:04.335 --> 00:15:06.595
<00:15:04.335>Uh, <00:15:04.535>because <00:15:04.735>here, <00:15:04.935>if <00:15:05.135>you're <00:15:05.335>a <00:15:05.535>competent <00:15:05.735>practitioner,

349
00:15:06.735 --> 00:15:09.275
<00:15:06.735>you <00:15:06.935>can <00:15:07.135>launch <00:15:07.335>a <00:15:07.535>deep <00:15:07.735>learning <00:15:07.935>machine <00:15:08.135>image

350
00:15:09.395 --> 00:15:12.475
<00:15:09.395>or <00:15:09.595>container <00:15:09.795>on <00:15:09.995>whatever <00:15:10.194>powerful <00:15:10.395>hardware <00:15:10.595>you <00:15:10.795>want.

351
00:15:12.535 --> 00:15:14.555
<00:15:12.535>You <00:15:12.735>can <00:15:12.935>manage <00:15:13.135>the <00:15:13.334>infrastructure <00:15:13.535>how <00:15:13.735>you <00:15:13.935>like,

352
00:15:14.935 --> 00:15:16.955
<00:15:14.935>and <00:15:15.135>I'm <00:15:15.334>not <00:15:15.535>gonna <00:15:15.734>be <00:15:15.935>demoing <00:15:16.135>that <00:15:16.334>part

353
00:15:16.955 --> 00:15:19.795
<00:15:16.955>because <00:15:17.188>again, <00:15:17.421>not <00:15:17.655>a <00:15:17.888>machine <00:15:18.121>learning <00:15:18.355>expert,

354
00:15:20.055 --> 00:15:21.835
<00:15:20.055>but <00:15:20.229>I <00:15:20.405>will <00:15:20.579>be <00:15:20.755>talking <00:15:20.930>you <00:15:21.104>through <00:15:21.280>a <00:15:21.454>couple

355
00:15:21.835 --> 00:15:23.075
<00:15:21.835>of <00:15:22.114>services <00:15:22.393>at <00:15:22.672>the <00:15:22.951>middle

356
00:15:23.095 --> 00:15:27.515
<00:15:23.095>and <00:15:23.250>the <00:15:23.406>top <00:15:23.561>layers <00:15:23.717>that <00:15:23.872>brings <00:15:24.028>us <00:15:24.183>to <00:15:24.339>my <00:15:24.495>project.

357
00:15:28.255 --> 00:15:30.235
<00:15:28.255>Uh, <00:15:28.535>I've <00:15:28.814>called <00:15:29.095>it <00:15:29.375>Knit <00:15:29.655>Amal.

358
00:15:30.655 --> 00:15:31.995
<00:15:30.655>Um, <00:15:30.956>but <00:15:31.258>yes, <00:15:31.559>as <00:15:31.861>I,

359
00:15:32.235 --> 00:15:33.275
<00:15:32.235>whenever <00:15:32.469>I'm <00:15:32.703>not <00:15:32.937>messing <00:15:33.170>around

360
00:15:33.275 --> 00:15:34.955
<00:15:33.275>with <00:15:33.625>computers, <00:15:33.975>I'm <00:15:34.324>often <00:15:34.675>knitting.

361
00:15:34.975 --> 00:15:36.195
<00:15:34.975>And <00:15:35.249>just <00:15:35.524>in <00:15:35.798>case, <00:15:36.073>uh,

362
00:15:36.215 --> 00:15:38.155
<00:15:36.215>you <00:15:36.370>English <00:15:36.526>is <00:15:36.681>not <00:15:36.837>your <00:15:36.992>first <00:15:37.148>language, <00:15:37.303>what <00:15:37.459>I <00:15:37.615>mean

363
00:15:38.155 --> 00:15:41.205
<00:15:38.155>by <00:15:38.388>knitting <00:15:38.621>is <00:15:38.855>this <00:15:39.088>of <00:15:39.321>de <00:15:39.555>stricken.

364
00:15:41.465 --> 00:15:44.405
<00:15:41.465>You <00:15:41.605>know, <00:15:41.745>you <00:15:41.885>have <00:15:42.025>two <00:15:42.165>needles, <00:15:42.305>you <00:15:42.445>have <00:15:42.585>some, <00:15:42.725>some <00:15:42.865>wool,

365
00:15:44.625 --> 00:15:45.645
<00:15:44.625>and <00:15:44.931>you <00:15:45.237>make <00:15:45.543>something.

366
00:15:45.725 --> 00:15:49.165
<00:15:45.725>I <00:15:45.865>am <00:15:46.005>currently <00:15:46.145>knitting <00:15:46.285>a, <00:15:46.425>a, <00:15:46.565>a <00:15:46.705>vest <00:15:46.845>for <00:15:46.985>my <00:15:47.125>husband.

367
00:15:49.625 --> 00:15:53.045
<00:15:49.625>Um, <00:15:49.732>I <00:15:49.840>took <00:15:49.948>up <00:15:50.055>this <00:15:50.163>hobby <00:15:50.271>a <00:15:50.378>long <00:15:50.486>time <00:15:50.594>ago <00:15:50.701>when <00:15:50.809>I <00:15:50.917>first <00:15:51.025>moved

368
00:15:53.045 --> 00:15:55.205
<00:15:53.045>to <00:15:53.245>Australia, <00:15:53.444>and <00:15:53.645>I've <00:15:53.844>been <00:15:54.045>doing <00:15:54.245>it <00:15:54.444>off

369
00:15:55.205 --> 00:15:57.085
<00:15:55.205>and <00:15:55.345>on <00:15:55.485>when <00:15:55.625>I, <00:15:55.765>I <00:15:55.905>usually <00:15:56.045>keep <00:15:56.185>it <00:15:56.325>by <00:15:56.465>my <00:15:56.605>computer.

370
00:15:57.085 --> 00:15:59.405
<00:15:57.085>When <00:15:57.201>I'm <00:15:57.318>in <00:15:57.435>a <00:15:57.551>long <00:15:57.668>meeting, <00:15:57.785>I <00:15:57.901>can <00:15:58.018>get <00:15:58.135>a <00:15:58.251>few <00:15:58.368>rows <00:15:58.485>in.

371
00:16:00.385 --> 00:16:02.765
<00:16:00.385>And <00:16:00.540>because <00:16:00.696>people <00:16:00.851>in <00:16:01.007>tech <00:16:01.162>know <00:16:01.318>that <00:16:01.473>I'm <00:16:01.629>a <00:16:01.785>knitter,

372
00:16:02.835 --> 00:16:05.885
<00:16:02.835>sometimes <00:16:03.035>I <00:16:03.235>get <00:16:03.435>tagged <00:16:03.635>on <00:16:03.835>tweets <00:16:04.035>like <00:16:04.235>this.

373
00:16:07.095 --> 00:16:08.635
<00:16:07.095>So <00:16:07.326>this <00:16:07.557>is <00:16:07.788>a <00:16:08.019>real <00:16:08.250>tweet, <00:16:08.481>um,

374
00:16:08.635 --> 00:16:10.555
<00:16:08.635>that <00:16:08.835>someone <00:16:09.035>tagged <00:16:09.235>me <00:16:09.435>on <00:16:09.635>back <00:16:09.835>in <00:16:10.035>April.

375
00:16:11.015 --> 00:16:13.795
<00:16:11.015>And <00:16:11.155>it <00:16:11.295>turns <00:16:11.435>out <00:16:11.574>this, <00:16:11.715>this <00:16:11.855>poor <00:16:11.995>guy's <00:16:12.135>mother <00:16:12.275>turned <00:16:12.415>one

376
00:16:13.795 --> 00:16:14.955
<00:16:13.795>of <00:16:14.143>his <00:16:14.491>favorite <00:16:14.839>police,

377
00:16:15.055 --> 00:16:18.715
<00:16:15.055>his <00:16:15.229>favorite <00:16:15.405>pullovers <00:16:15.579>into <00:16:15.755>a <00:16:15.930>cushion <00:16:16.104>for <00:16:16.280>the <00:16:16.454>sofa.

378
00:16:19.175 --> 00:16:21.475
<00:16:19.175>Um, <00:16:19.349>and <00:16:19.525>he <00:16:19.699>wanted <00:16:19.875>to <00:16:20.050>see <00:16:20.224>if <00:16:20.400>anyone, <00:16:20.574>uh,

379
00:16:21.565 --> 00:16:24.795
<00:16:21.565>could <00:16:21.765>recreate <00:16:21.965>his <00:16:22.165>original <00:16:22.365>jumper <00:16:22.565>from <00:16:22.765>a <00:16:22.965>photograph.

380
00:16:25.705 --> 00:16:28.525
<00:16:25.705>And <00:16:25.880>of <00:16:26.055>course, <00:16:26.230>in <00:16:26.405>the <00:16:26.580>replies, <00:16:26.755>somebody <00:16:26.930>joked, <00:16:27.105>oh,

381
00:16:28.525 --> 00:16:30.125
<00:16:28.525>there's <00:16:28.758>gotta <00:16:28.991>be <00:16:29.225>an <00:16:29.458>app <00:16:29.691>for <00:16:29.925>that.

382
00:16:31.025 --> 00:16:33.565
<00:16:31.025>But <00:16:31.225>actually, <00:16:31.425>for <00:16:31.625>an <00:16:31.824>experienced <00:16:32.025>knitter <00:16:32.225>like <00:16:32.425>me,

383
00:16:33.915 --> 00:16:36.805
<00:16:33.915>this <00:16:34.070>is <00:16:34.226>a <00:16:34.381>pretty <00:16:34.537>common <00:16:34.692>and <00:16:34.848>easy <00:16:35.003>thing <00:16:35.159>to <00:16:35.314>do.

384
00:16:38.735 --> 00:16:40.505
<00:16:38.735>This <00:16:38.935>is <00:16:39.135>a <00:16:39.335>photo <00:16:39.535>that <00:16:39.735>I <00:16:39.935>took, <00:16:40.135>uh,

385
00:16:40.505 --> 00:16:42.985
<00:16:40.505>back <00:16:40.705>in <00:16:40.905>2019 <00:16:41.105>in <00:16:41.305>the <00:16:41.505>AWS <00:16:41.705>Sydney <00:16:41.905>Kitchen.

386
00:16:43.455 --> 00:16:44.785
<00:16:43.455>This <00:16:43.754>is <00:16:44.053>my <00:16:44.352>colleague <00:16:44.651>mega.

387
00:16:45.085 --> 00:16:46.625
<00:16:45.085>She <00:16:45.283>was <00:16:45.481>sitting <00:16:45.679>next <00:16:45.877>to <00:16:46.075>me <00:16:46.273>having <00:16:46.471>lunch,

388
00:16:46.925 --> 00:16:49.025
<00:16:46.925>and <00:16:47.125>she <00:16:47.324>had <00:16:47.525>this <00:16:47.724>beautiful <00:16:47.925>blue <00:16:48.125>jumper <00:16:48.324>on,

389
00:16:49.205 --> 00:16:50.985
<00:16:49.205>and <00:16:49.438>I'd <00:16:49.671>never <00:16:49.905>seen <00:16:50.138>that <00:16:50.371>stitch <00:16:50.605>before.

390
00:16:51.165 --> 00:16:53.905
<00:16:51.165>And <00:16:51.292>so <00:16:51.419>I <00:16:51.546>took <00:16:51.674>a <00:16:51.801>photo <00:16:51.928>of <00:16:52.055>it <00:16:52.183>because <00:16:52.310>I'm <00:16:52.437>a <00:16:52.564>knitter

391
00:16:53.905 --> 00:16:54.945
<00:16:53.905>and <00:16:54.038>I'm <00:16:54.172>weird, <00:16:54.306>and <00:16:54.439>that's <00:16:54.573>what <00:16:54.707>I <00:16:54.841>do.

392
00:16:56.175 --> 00:16:58.475
<00:16:56.175>So <00:16:56.375>by <00:16:56.574>looking <00:16:56.775>at <00:16:56.974>this <00:16:57.175>photo, <00:16:57.375>I, <00:16:57.574>and,

393
00:16:58.475 --> 00:17:00.675
<00:16:58.475>and <00:16:58.675>any <00:16:58.875>competent <00:16:59.075>knitter <00:16:59.275>could <00:16:59.475>tell <00:16:59.675>you, <00:16:59.875>uh,

394
00:17:00.675 --> 00:17:02.195
<00:17:00.675>that <00:17:01.016>the <00:17:01.359>background <00:17:01.701>there, <00:17:02.043>the,

395
00:17:02.375 --> 00:17:04.835
<00:17:02.375>the <00:17:02.550>background <00:17:02.725>stitch <00:17:02.900>is <00:17:03.075>reverse <00:17:03.250>stuck <00:17:03.425>in <00:17:03.600>that <00:17:03.775>stitch.

396
00:17:05.415 --> 00:17:08.675
<00:17:05.415>And <00:17:05.648>those <00:17:05.881>raised <00:17:06.115>zigzag <00:17:06.348>lines, <00:17:06.581>those <00:17:06.815>consist

397
00:17:08.675 --> 00:17:09.995
<00:17:08.675>of <00:17:09.070>three <00:17:09.466>knit <00:17:09.862>stitches.

398
00:17:10.135 --> 00:17:12.915
<00:17:10.135>And <00:17:10.290>they <00:17:10.446>use <00:17:10.601>a <00:17:10.757>combination <00:17:10.912>of <00:17:11.068>increases <00:17:11.223>on <00:17:11.379>one <00:17:11.535>side

399
00:17:12.935 --> 00:17:15.475
<00:17:12.935>and <00:17:13.109>decreases <00:17:13.284>on <00:17:13.460>the <00:17:13.635>other <00:17:13.810>to <00:17:13.984>make <00:17:14.159>them <00:17:14.335>lean.

400
00:17:16.055 --> 00:17:17.715
<00:17:16.055>Now, <00:17:16.255>some <00:17:16.455>of <00:17:16.655>that <00:17:16.855>I <00:17:17.055>get <00:17:17.255>just, <00:17:17.455>just

401
00:17:17.715 --> 00:17:19.755
<00:17:17.714>because <00:17:17.948>I <00:17:18.181>can <00:17:18.415>recognize <00:17:18.648>the <00:17:18.881>texture <00:17:19.115>of

402
00:17:19.755 --> 00:17:21.795
<00:17:19.755>what <00:17:19.955>reverse <00:17:20.155>stuck <00:17:20.355>in <00:17:20.555>net <00:17:20.755>stitch <00:17:20.955>looks <00:17:21.155>like.

403
00:17:22.295 --> 00:17:24.875
<00:17:22.295>But <00:17:22.411>if <00:17:22.528>I <00:17:22.645>have <00:17:22.761>a <00:17:22.878>good <00:17:22.995>enough <00:17:23.111>image, <00:17:23.228>I <00:17:23.345>can <00:17:23.461>actually <00:17:23.578>zoom <00:17:23.695>in

404
00:17:24.875 --> 00:17:26.675
<00:17:24.875>and <00:17:25.155>read <00:17:25.435>it <00:17:25.714>stitch <00:17:25.994>by <00:17:26.275>stitch,

405
00:17:27.025 --> 00:17:29.035
<00:17:27.025>like <00:17:27.305>dis <00:17:27.585>like <00:17:27.865>reading <00:17:28.145>cursive <00:17:28.425>handwriting.

406
00:17:30.295 --> 00:17:33.275
<00:17:30.295>So <00:17:30.450>you <00:17:30.606>and <00:17:30.761>I <00:17:30.917>know <00:17:31.072>that <00:17:31.228>this <00:17:31.383>is <00:17:31.539>reverse <00:17:31.695>engineering.

407
00:17:33.585 --> 00:17:35.395
<00:17:33.585>This <00:17:33.818>is <00:17:34.051>taking <00:17:34.285>a <00:17:34.518>human <00:17:34.751>made <00:17:34.985>object

408
00:17:35.695 --> 00:17:38.675
<00:17:35.695>and <00:17:35.928>studying <00:17:36.161>it <00:17:36.395>to <00:17:36.628>deconstruct <00:17:36.861>its <00:17:37.095>design

409
00:17:38.775 --> 00:17:39.995
<00:17:38.775>and <00:17:39.324>its <00:17:39.872>architecture.

410
00:17:40.495 --> 00:17:42.515
<00:17:40.495>And <00:17:40.650>we <00:17:40.806>use <00:17:40.961>that <00:17:41.117>term <00:17:41.272>a <00:17:41.428>lot <00:17:41.583>in <00:17:41.739>software <00:17:41.895>engineering,

411
00:17:42.655 --> 00:17:45.955
<00:17:42.655>but <00:17:42.795>in <00:17:42.935>case <00:17:43.075>you <00:17:43.215>didn't <00:17:43.355>know, <00:17:43.495>knitters <00:17:43.635>love <00:17:43.774>doing <00:17:43.915>it <00:17:44.055>too.

412
00:17:48.055 --> 00:17:49.825
<00:17:48.055>So <00:17:48.335>that's <00:17:48.615>what <00:17:48.895>got <00:17:49.175>me <00:17:49.455>thinking

413
00:17:50.655 --> 00:17:54.755
<00:17:50.655>if <00:17:50.810>a <00:17:50.966>skilled <00:17:51.121>human <00:17:51.277>knitter <00:17:51.432>can <00:17:51.588>reverse <00:17:51.743>engineer <00:17:51.899>a <00:17:52.055>pattern,

414
00:17:54.935 --> 00:17:56.035
<00:17:54.935>can <00:17:55.264>identify <00:17:55.595>a <00:17:55.925>stitch,

415
00:17:56.095 --> 00:17:58.875
<00:17:56.095>can <00:17:56.270>work <00:17:56.445>out <00:17:56.620>a <00:17:56.795>pattern <00:17:56.970>from <00:17:57.145>a <00:17:57.320>finished <00:17:57.495>sweater

416
00:17:59.015 --> 00:18:01.595
<00:17:59.015>or <00:17:59.190>even <00:17:59.365>just <00:17:59.540>a <00:17:59.715>photograph <00:17:59.890>of <00:18:00.065>a <00:18:00.240>finished <00:18:00.415>object,

417
00:18:02.515 --> 00:18:04.295
<00:18:02.515>why <00:18:02.690>can't <00:18:02.865>I <00:18:03.040>train <00:18:03.215>a <00:18:03.390>computer <00:18:03.565>to <00:18:03.740>do <00:18:03.915>it?

418
00:18:05.285 --> 00:18:07.785
<00:18:05.285>So <00:18:05.440>I <00:18:05.596>started <00:18:05.751>researching <00:18:05.907>this <00:18:06.062>topic <00:18:06.218>a <00:18:06.373>few <00:18:06.529>years <00:18:06.685>ago,

419
00:18:08.005 --> 00:18:11.145
<00:18:08.005>and <00:18:08.121>what <00:18:08.238>I <00:18:08.355>found <00:18:08.471>out <00:18:08.588>is <00:18:08.705>that <00:18:08.821>other <00:18:08.938>people <00:18:09.055>had <00:18:09.171>this <00:18:09.288>idea <00:18:09.405>too,

420
00:18:13.405 --> 00:18:15.665
<00:18:13.405>but <00:18:13.560>you <00:18:13.716>didn't <00:18:13.871>expect <00:18:14.027>to <00:18:14.182>see <00:18:14.338>a <00:18:14.493>scientific <00:18:14.649>white <00:18:14.805>paper

421
00:18:15.685 --> 00:18:16.825
<00:18:15.685>and <00:18:15.941>to <00:18:16.198>talk <00:18:16.454>about <00:18:16.711>knitting.

422
00:18:16.845 --> 00:18:20.865
<00:18:16.845>Did <00:18:17.020>you? <00:18:17.195>This <00:18:17.370>paper <00:18:17.545>was <00:18:17.720>presented <00:18:17.895>at <00:18:18.070>the <00:18:18.245>International

423
00:18:20.865 --> 00:18:23.625
<00:18:20.865>Conference <00:18:21.098>on <00:18:21.331>Machine <00:18:21.565>Learning <00:18:21.798>in <00:18:22.031>June, <00:18:22.265>2019.

424
00:18:23.805 --> 00:18:25.065
<00:18:23.805>So <00:18:24.031>just <00:18:24.258>two <00:18:24.485>years <00:18:24.712>ago. <00:18:24.939>And

425
00:18:25.065 --> 00:18:28.225
<00:18:25.065>so <00:18:25.205>this <00:18:25.345>is <00:18:25.485>from <00:18:25.625>some <00:18:25.765>researchers <00:18:25.905>at <00:18:26.045>MIT <00:18:26.185>in <00:18:26.325>the <00:18:26.465>us

426
00:18:28.805 --> 00:18:32.145
<00:18:28.805>and <00:18:28.945>their <00:18:29.085>goal <00:18:29.225>was <00:18:29.365>to <00:18:29.505>take <00:18:29.645>a <00:18:29.785>photograph <00:18:29.925>of <00:18:30.065>some <00:18:30.205>knitting,

427
00:18:32.145 --> 00:18:35.265
<00:18:32.145>of <00:18:32.320>a <00:18:32.495>piece <00:18:32.670>of <00:18:32.845>knitting, <00:18:33.020>reverse <00:18:33.195>engineer <00:18:33.370>the <00:18:33.545>pattern

428
00:18:35.415 --> 00:18:38.465
<00:18:35.415>with <00:18:35.590>machine <00:18:35.764>learning, <00:18:35.940>feed <00:18:36.115>that <00:18:36.290>into <00:18:36.465>a <00:18:36.639>knitting <00:18:36.815>machine

429
00:18:38.605 --> 00:18:41.185
<00:18:38.605>that's, <00:18:38.838>there <00:18:39.071>are <00:18:39.305>big <00:18:39.538>industrial <00:18:39.771>knitting <00:18:40.005>machines.

430
00:18:41.185 --> 00:18:42.705
<00:18:41.185>You <00:18:41.380>don't <00:18:41.575>have <00:18:41.771>to <00:18:41.966>knit <00:18:42.162>everything <00:18:42.357>by <00:18:42.553>hand

431
00:18:43.525 --> 00:18:46.385
<00:18:43.525>and <00:18:43.725>hopefully <00:18:43.925>get <00:18:44.125>an <00:18:44.325>identical <00:18:44.525>swatch <00:18:44.725>back <00:18:44.925>at,

432
00:18:46.405 --> 00:18:48.705
<00:18:46.405>so <00:18:46.580>swatch <00:18:46.754>just <00:18:46.930>means <00:18:47.105>a <00:18:47.280>piece <00:18:47.455>of <00:18:47.629>knitted <00:18:47.805>fabric.

433
00:18:49.205 --> 00:18:52.585
<00:18:49.205>So <00:18:49.379>basically <00:18:49.554>they <00:18:49.730>wanna <00:18:49.905>build <00:18:50.080>a <00:18:50.254>knitting <00:18:50.429>duplicator, <00:18:50.605>like

434
00:18:52.605 --> 00:18:53.665
<00:18:52.605>how <00:18:52.923>sci-fi <00:18:53.241>is <00:18:53.559>that?

435
00:18:55.155 --> 00:18:58.095
<00:18:55.155>So <00:18:55.330>they <00:18:55.504>recognized <00:18:55.680>early <00:18:55.855>on <00:18:56.030>in <00:18:56.205>the <00:18:56.379>project, <00:18:56.555>uh,

436
00:18:58.095 --> 00:19:00.895
<00:18:58.095>that <00:18:58.328>photographs <00:18:58.561>of <00:18:58.795>knitting <00:18:59.028>kind <00:18:59.261>of <00:18:59.495>suck

437
00:19:00.895 --> 00:19:02.815
<00:19:00.895>for <00:19:01.095>computer <00:19:01.295>vision, <00:19:01.495>to <00:19:01.695>be <00:19:01.895>honest <00:19:02.095>with <00:19:02.295>you,

438
00:19:02.845 --> 00:19:04.535
<00:19:02.845>because <00:19:03.311>knitting <00:19:03.778>is <00:19:04.245>floppy.

439
00:19:04.715 --> 00:19:07.215
<00:19:04.715>You <00:19:04.995>know, <00:19:05.274>it's <00:19:05.554>floppy, <00:19:05.834>it's <00:19:06.115>stretchy,

440
00:19:07.485 --> 00:19:10.255
<00:19:07.485>it's <00:19:07.659>often <00:19:07.834>fuzzy <00:19:08.010>depending <00:19:08.185>on <00:19:08.360>what <00:19:08.534>wool <00:19:08.709>you <00:19:08.885>use.

441
00:19:10.875 --> 00:19:13.975
<00:19:10.875>So <00:19:11.015>the <00:19:11.155>real <00:19:11.295>breakthrough <00:19:11.435>they <00:19:11.575>had <00:19:11.715>in <00:19:11.855>this <00:19:11.995>project <00:19:12.135>was <00:19:12.275>they

442
00:19:13.975 --> 00:19:15.535
<00:19:13.975>had <00:19:14.324>photographs <00:19:14.675>of <00:19:15.024>real <00:19:15.375>knitting.

443
00:19:15.795 --> 00:19:17.575
<00:19:15.795>Um, <00:19:16.075>but <00:19:16.355>they <00:19:16.635>also <00:19:16.915>augmented <00:19:17.195>that

444
00:19:17.605 --> 00:19:20.975
<00:19:17.605>with <00:19:17.805>simulated <00:19:18.005>knitting <00:19:18.205>using <00:19:18.405>the <00:19:18.605>software <00:19:18.805>from <00:19:19.005>an

445
00:19:20.975 --> 00:19:21.975
<00:19:20.975>industrial <00:19:21.425>knitting <00:19:21.875>machine.

446
00:19:21.975 --> 00:19:24.295
<00:19:21.975>As <00:19:22.208>I <00:19:22.441>mentioned, <00:19:22.675>those <00:19:22.908>industrial <00:19:23.141>machines <00:19:23.375>come

447
00:19:24.295 --> 00:19:26.655
<00:19:24.295>with <00:19:24.470>very <00:19:24.645>specialized <00:19:24.820>software <00:19:24.995>that <00:19:25.170>can <00:19:25.345>actually, <00:19:25.520>you <00:19:25.695>know,

448
00:19:26.655 --> 00:19:28.975
<00:19:26.655>pre-visualize <00:19:26.888>what <00:19:27.121>knitted <00:19:27.355>fabric <00:19:27.588>will <00:19:27.821>look <00:19:28.055>like.

449
00:19:29.395 --> 00:19:31.455
<00:19:29.395>So <00:19:29.570>they <00:19:29.745>use <00:19:29.920>that <00:19:30.095>to <00:19:30.270>augment <00:19:30.445>their <00:19:30.620>training <00:19:30.795>data

450
00:19:31.515 --> 00:19:33.815
<00:19:31.515>and <00:19:31.690>realized <00:19:31.865>that <00:19:32.040>by <00:19:32.215>including <00:19:32.390>both <00:19:32.565>of <00:19:32.740>those <00:19:32.915>things,

451
00:19:33.815 --> 00:19:35.015
<00:19:33.815>they <00:19:34.085>got <00:19:34.355>much <00:19:34.625>better <00:19:34.895>results.

452
00:19:36.085 --> 00:19:38.185
<00:19:36.085>Now, <00:19:36.240>this <00:19:36.396>paper <00:19:36.551>has <00:19:36.707>a <00:19:36.862>lot <00:19:37.018>of <00:19:37.173>calculus <00:19:37.329>in <00:19:37.485>it,

453
00:19:38.185 --> 00:19:40.785
<00:19:38.185>and <00:19:38.340>I <00:19:38.496>promised <00:19:38.651>you <00:19:38.807>we're <00:19:38.962>not <00:19:39.118>gonna <00:19:39.273>show <00:19:39.429>any <00:19:39.585>calculus.

454
00:19:40.925 --> 00:19:43.305
<00:19:40.925>And <00:19:41.100>honestly, <00:19:41.274>I <00:19:41.450>don't <00:19:41.625>understand <00:19:41.800>a <00:19:41.975>lot <00:19:42.149>of <00:19:42.325>it,

455
00:19:43.725 --> 00:19:44.745
<00:19:43.725>but <00:19:43.954>if <00:19:44.184>you <00:19:44.413>read <00:19:44.642>it,

456
00:19:44.745 --> 00:19:47.745
<00:19:44.745>what <00:19:44.872>you <00:19:44.999>get <00:19:45.126>from <00:19:45.254>the <00:19:45.381>results <00:19:45.508>is <00:19:45.635>they <00:19:45.763>didn't <00:19:45.890>quite <00:19:46.017>crack <00:19:46.145>it

457
00:19:47.805 --> 00:19:49.625
<00:19:47.805>yet, <00:19:48.155>but <00:19:48.505>they're <00:19:48.855>getting <00:19:49.205>close.

458
00:19:49.695 --> 00:19:53.505
<00:19:49.695>They <00:19:49.850>got <00:19:50.006>to <00:19:50.161>about <00:19:50.317>80% <00:19:50.472>accuracy <00:19:50.628>in <00:19:50.783>their <00:19:50.939>experiments, <00:19:51.095>um,

459
00:19:53.515 --> 00:19:54.905
<00:19:53.515>using <00:19:54.140>both <00:19:54.766>convolutional

460
00:19:54.925 --> 00:19:57.065
<00:19:54.925>and <00:19:55.274>generative <00:19:55.625>adversarial <00:19:55.975>neural <00:19:56.325>networks.

461
00:19:58.085 --> 00:20:00.625
<00:19:58.085>So <00:19:58.285>no, <00:19:58.485>there <00:19:58.685>is <00:19:58.885>not <00:19:59.085>yet <00:19:59.285>an <00:19:59.485>app

462
00:20:00.645 --> 00:20:02.305
<00:20:00.645>for <00:20:00.925>this, <00:20:01.205>but <00:20:01.485>we're <00:20:01.764>getting <00:20:02.045>there.

463
00:20:03.015 --> 00:20:06.075
<00:20:03.015>And <00:20:03.131>that's <00:20:03.248>why <00:20:03.365>I <00:20:03.481>decided <00:20:03.598>I <00:20:03.715>would <00:20:03.831>try, <00:20:03.948>give <00:20:04.065>it <00:20:04.181>a <00:20:04.298>try <00:20:04.415>myself.

464
00:20:07.245 --> 00:20:10.345
<00:20:07.245>But <00:20:07.385>rather <00:20:07.524>than <00:20:07.665>focus <00:20:07.804>on <00:20:07.945>reading <00:20:08.084>a <00:20:08.225>pattern <00:20:08.364>Stitch <00:20:08.504>by <00:20:08.645>Stitch,

465
00:20:10.345 --> 00:20:12.945
<00:20:10.345>which <00:20:10.485>was <00:20:10.625>essentially <00:20:10.765>what <00:20:10.905>they <00:20:11.045>were <00:20:11.185>trying <00:20:11.325>to <00:20:11.465>do, <00:20:11.605>I <00:20:11.745>decided

466
00:20:12.945 --> 00:20:15.425
<00:20:12.945>to <00:20:13.145>treat <00:20:13.345>it <00:20:13.544>as <00:20:13.745>an <00:20:13.945>image <00:20:14.145>classification <00:20:14.345>problem.

467
00:20:15.965 --> 00:20:18.025
<00:20:15.965>So <00:20:16.245>image <00:20:16.524>classification <00:20:16.804>is, <00:20:17.084>it's <00:20:17.365>like

468
00:20:18.025 --> 00:20:20.225
<00:20:18.025>that <00:20:18.165>diagram <00:20:18.305>I <00:20:18.445>showed <00:20:18.585>you <00:20:18.725>with <00:20:18.865>the <00:20:19.005>image <00:20:19.145>of <00:20:19.285>the <00:20:19.425>puppy.

469
00:20:20.565 --> 00:20:22.185
<00:20:20.565>We <00:20:20.798>are <00:20:21.031>gonna <00:20:21.265>take <00:20:21.498>an <00:20:21.731>image's <00:20:21.965>input

470
00:20:22.445 --> 00:20:24.865
<00:20:22.445>and <00:20:22.645>then <00:20:22.845>output <00:20:23.044>a <00:20:23.245>class <00:20:23.445>label <00:20:23.645>for <00:20:23.845>it.

471
00:20:25.525 --> 00:20:27.305
<00:20:25.525>So <00:20:25.680>similar <00:20:25.836>to <00:20:25.991>how <00:20:26.147>I <00:20:26.302>could <00:20:26.458>look <00:20:26.613>at <00:20:26.769>that <00:20:26.925>picture

472
00:20:27.305 --> 00:20:29.985
<00:20:27.305>of <00:20:27.480>Mega's <00:20:27.655>jumper <00:20:27.830>and <00:20:28.005>know <00:20:28.180>from <00:20:28.355>the <00:20:28.530>texture <00:20:28.705>that

473
00:20:29.985 --> 00:20:32.265
<00:20:29.985>that <00:20:30.159>was <00:20:30.334>reversed <00:20:30.510>stuck <00:20:30.685>in <00:20:30.860>it <00:20:31.034>stitch, <00:20:31.209>I <00:20:31.385>wanted

474
00:20:32.265 --> 00:20:33.785
<00:20:32.265>to <00:20:32.436>see <00:20:32.607>if <00:20:32.778>I <00:20:32.949>could <00:20:33.120>build <00:20:33.291>a <00:20:33.462>machine <00:20:33.633>learning

475
00:20:33.785 --> 00:20:34.905
<00:20:33.785>model <00:20:33.986>that <00:20:34.188>would <00:20:34.389>do <00:20:34.591>the <00:20:34.793>same.

476
00:20:36.575 --> 00:20:38.915
<00:20:36.575>So <00:20:36.691>I <00:20:36.808>got <00:20:36.925>a <00:20:37.041>piece <00:20:37.158>of <00:20:37.275>paper <00:20:37.391>and <00:20:37.508>I <00:20:37.625>wrote <00:20:37.741>down <00:20:37.858>my <00:20:37.975>plan.

477
00:20:39.535 --> 00:20:41.035
<00:20:39.535>Here's <00:20:39.760>the <00:20:39.985>plan <00:20:40.210>as <00:20:40.435>I <00:20:40.660>saw <00:20:40.885>it,

478
00:20:41.215 --> 00:20:42.955
<00:20:41.215>not <00:20:41.448>having <00:20:41.681>a <00:20:41.915>background <00:20:42.148>in <00:20:42.381>machine <00:20:42.615>learning,

479
00:20:43.175 --> 00:20:44.955
<00:20:43.175>I'd <00:20:43.455>just <00:20:43.735>get <00:20:44.014>some <00:20:44.294>training <00:20:44.575>data.

480
00:20:45.135 --> 00:20:48.325
<00:20:45.135>How <00:20:45.262>hard <00:20:45.389>could <00:20:45.516>that <00:20:45.644>be? <00:20:45.771>I'd <00:20:45.898>label <00:20:46.025>it, <00:20:46.153>I'd <00:20:46.280>train <00:20:46.407>a <00:20:46.535>model,

481
00:20:48.425 --> 00:20:51.365
<00:20:48.425>deploy <00:20:48.565>it, <00:20:48.705>maybe <00:20:48.845>build <00:20:48.985>a <00:20:49.125>nice, <00:20:49.264>you <00:20:49.405>know, <00:20:49.544>web <00:20:49.685>front <00:20:49.825>end,

482
00:20:51.545 --> 00:20:53.685
<00:20:51.545>you <00:20:51.700>know, <00:20:51.856>just <00:20:52.011>for, <00:20:52.167>to <00:20:52.322>make <00:20:52.478>it <00:20:52.633>pretty <00:20:52.789>for <00:20:52.945>inference

483
00:20:53.865 --> 00:20:56.845
<00:20:53.865>and <00:20:54.020>dance <00:20:54.176>on <00:20:54.331>the <00:20:54.487>grave <00:20:54.642>of <00:20:54.798>the <00:20:54.953>knitting <00:20:55.109>industry, <00:20:55.265>right?

484
00:20:56.915 --> 00:20:58.085
<00:20:56.915>Like, <00:20:57.441>easy <00:20:57.968>peasy.

485
00:21:00.765 --> 00:21:02.105
<00:21:00.765>I'm <00:21:00.899>sure <00:21:01.033>you <00:21:01.167>can <00:21:01.301>see <00:21:01.435>how <00:21:01.569>this <00:21:01.703>is <00:21:01.837>gonna <00:21:01.971>go.

486
00:21:03.415 --> 00:21:05.625
<00:21:03.415>Step <00:21:03.764>one, <00:21:04.115>get <00:21:04.465>training <00:21:04.815>data.

487
00:21:06.285 --> 00:21:07.825
<00:21:06.285>Um, <00:21:06.562>the <00:21:06.839>first <00:21:07.116>thing <00:21:07.393>you <00:21:07.671>learn

488
00:21:07.825 --> 00:21:09.945
<00:21:07.825>that <00:21:08.000>everyone <00:21:08.175>tells <00:21:08.350>you <00:21:08.525>when <00:21:08.700>you <00:21:08.875>start <00:21:09.050>playing <00:21:09.225>around

489
00:21:09.945 --> 00:21:13.145
<00:21:09.945>with <00:21:10.120>machine <00:21:10.294>learning <00:21:10.470>is <00:21:10.645>that <00:21:10.820>you're <00:21:10.995>gonna <00:21:11.169>spend <00:21:11.345>80%

490
00:21:13.145 --> 00:21:14.945
<00:21:13.145>of <00:21:13.425>your <00:21:13.705>time <00:21:13.985>getting <00:21:14.264>clean <00:21:14.545>data.

491
00:21:15.415 --> 00:21:16.985
<00:21:15.415>It's <00:21:15.695>the <00:21:15.975>hardest <00:21:16.254>part. <00:21:16.534>It's, <00:21:16.815>it's

492
00:21:16.985 --> 00:21:19.345
<00:21:16.985>where <00:21:17.140>you're <00:21:17.296>gonna <00:21:17.451>spend <00:21:17.607>the <00:21:17.762>great <00:21:17.918>majority <00:21:18.073>of <00:21:18.229>your <00:21:18.385>time.

493
00:21:19.885 --> 00:21:22.425
<00:21:19.885>And <00:21:20.012>there <00:21:20.139>are <00:21:20.266>a <00:21:20.394>lot <00:21:20.521>of <00:21:20.648>data <00:21:20.775>sets <00:21:20.903>available <00:21:21.030>when <00:21:21.157>you <00:21:21.285>start

494
00:21:22.425 --> 00:21:24.585
<00:21:22.425>doing <00:21:22.774>machine <00:21:23.125>machine <00:21:23.475>learning <00:21:23.825>projects.

495
00:21:24.685 --> 00:21:27.465
<00:21:24.685>Um, <00:21:24.840>kaggle's <00:21:24.996>a <00:21:25.151>great <00:21:25.307>source <00:21:25.462>for, <00:21:25.618>for, <00:21:25.773>for <00:21:25.929>data <00:21:26.085>sets.

496
00:21:27.465 --> 00:21:28.865
<00:21:27.465>There's <00:21:27.780>various <00:21:28.095>data <00:21:28.410>sets <00:21:28.725>available.

497
00:21:29.325 --> 00:21:31.105
<00:21:29.325>Uh, <00:21:29.500>not <00:21:29.675>a <00:21:29.850>lot <00:21:30.025>of <00:21:30.200>knitting <00:21:30.375>data <00:21:30.550>out <00:21:30.725>there,

498
00:21:31.285 --> 00:21:32.865
<00:21:31.285>but <00:21:31.518>I <00:21:31.751>did <00:21:31.985>look, <00:21:32.218>do <00:21:32.451>some <00:21:32.685>research

499
00:21:32.865 --> 00:21:34.065
<00:21:32.865>to <00:21:33.081>see <00:21:33.297>what <00:21:33.513>others <00:21:33.729>had <00:21:33.945>done.

500
00:21:34.485 --> 00:21:37.305
<00:21:34.485>So <00:21:34.640>that <00:21:34.796>paper <00:21:34.951>I <00:21:35.107>mentioned <00:21:35.262>from <00:21:35.418>the <00:21:35.573>researchers <00:21:35.729>at <00:21:35.885>MIT,

501
00:21:38.015 --> 00:21:40.145
<00:21:38.015>they <00:21:38.215>actually <00:21:38.415>do <00:21:38.615>make <00:21:38.815>their, <00:21:39.015>their <00:21:39.215>images <00:21:39.415>available.

502
00:21:40.565 --> 00:21:43.225
<00:21:40.565>Um, <00:21:40.692>so <00:21:40.819>just <00:21:40.946>to <00:21:41.074>show <00:21:41.201>you <00:21:41.328>a <00:21:41.455>little <00:21:41.583>bit <00:21:41.710>into <00:21:41.837>their <00:21:41.965>methodology,

503
00:21:43.685 --> 00:21:46.105
<00:21:43.685>uh, <00:21:43.860>they <00:21:44.034>used <00:21:44.210>one <00:21:44.385>of <00:21:44.560>those <00:21:44.735>industrial <00:21:44.909>knitting <00:21:45.085>machines

504
00:21:46.105 --> 00:21:49.145
<00:21:46.105>to <00:21:46.280>knit <00:21:46.455>about <00:21:46.630>a <00:21:46.805>thousand <00:21:46.980>pattern <00:21:47.155>samples <00:21:47.330>in <00:21:47.505>five

505
00:21:49.245 --> 00:21:50.465
<00:21:49.245>by <00:21:49.793>five <00:21:50.342>grids.

506
00:21:50.925 --> 00:21:53.585
<00:21:50.925>And <00:21:51.065>the <00:21:51.205>reason <00:21:51.345>they <00:21:51.485>did <00:21:51.625>those <00:21:51.764>grids <00:21:51.905>was <00:21:52.044>very <00:21:52.185>clever, <00:21:52.325>um,

507
00:21:53.605 --> 00:21:54.985
<00:21:53.605>to <00:21:53.915>keep <00:21:54.226>the <00:21:54.536>tension <00:21:54.847>regular.

508
00:21:55.305 --> 00:21:56.665
<00:21:55.305>'cause <00:21:55.509>I <00:21:55.713>mentioned, <00:21:55.917>you <00:21:56.121>know, <00:21:56.325>knittings, <00:21:56.529>floppy

509
00:21:56.665 --> 00:21:59.625
<00:21:56.665>and <00:21:56.840>stretchy, <00:21:57.014>they <00:21:57.190>inserted <00:21:57.365>steel <00:21:57.540>rods <00:21:57.715>into <00:21:57.889>the <00:21:58.065>grid

510
00:21:59.725 --> 00:22:01.425
<00:21:59.725>to <00:22:00.004>keep <00:22:00.284>it <00:22:00.564>nice <00:22:00.844>and <00:22:01.125>flat

511
00:22:01.485 --> 00:22:03.865
<00:22:01.485>and <00:22:01.659>even, <00:22:01.834>um, <00:22:02.010>so <00:22:02.185>that <00:22:02.360>they <00:22:02.534>could <00:22:02.709>photograph <00:22:02.885>it.

512
00:22:04.365 --> 00:22:07.025
<00:22:04.365>But <00:22:04.505>they <00:22:04.645>realized <00:22:04.785>very <00:22:04.925>quickly <00:22:05.065>that <00:22:05.205>this <00:22:05.345>was <00:22:05.485>not <00:22:05.625>gonna <00:22:05.765>scale

513
00:22:07.085 --> 00:22:08.985
<00:22:07.085>to <00:22:07.260>the <00:22:07.435>amount <00:22:07.610>they <00:22:07.785>wanted <00:22:07.960>for <00:22:08.135>their <00:22:08.310>training <00:22:08.485>set.

514
00:22:09.045 --> 00:22:10.665
<00:22:09.045>So <00:22:09.245>that's <00:22:09.445>when <00:22:09.645>they <00:22:09.845>hit <00:22:10.045>upon <00:22:10.245>the <00:22:10.445>idea

515
00:22:10.845 --> 00:22:14.025
<00:22:10.845>of <00:22:11.000>using <00:22:11.156>simulated <00:22:11.311>knitting <00:22:11.467>as <00:22:11.622>well <00:22:11.778>and, <00:22:11.933>and <00:22:12.089>combining <00:22:12.245>that.

516
00:22:14.245 --> 00:22:16.305
<00:22:14.245>But <00:22:14.419>they <00:22:14.594>have <00:22:14.770>made <00:22:14.945>their <00:22:15.120>photograph <00:22:15.294>data <00:22:15.469>set <00:22:15.645>available.

517
00:22:16.565 --> 00:22:19.025
<00:22:16.565>Um, <00:22:16.720>you <00:22:16.876>can <00:22:17.031>go <00:22:17.187>to <00:22:17.342>the <00:22:17.498>website <00:22:17.653>and <00:22:17.809>downloaded <00:22:17.965>it

518
00:22:19.025 --> 00:22:21.225
<00:22:19.025>and <00:22:19.180>I've, <00:22:19.336>I've <00:22:19.491>downloaded <00:22:19.647>it <00:22:19.802>and <00:22:19.958>played <00:22:20.113>around <00:22:20.269>with <00:22:20.425>it,

519
00:22:22.655 --> 00:22:24.395
<00:22:22.655>but <00:22:22.830>I <00:22:23.004>decided <00:22:23.180>that <00:22:23.355>their <00:22:23.530>approach <00:22:23.705>was <00:22:23.879>a <00:22:24.055>bit

520
00:22:24.395 --> 00:22:25.755
<00:22:24.395>overkill <00:22:24.803>for <00:22:25.211>me, <00:22:25.619>really.

521
00:22:26.595 --> 00:22:29.875
<00:22:26.595>I <00:22:26.735>decided <00:22:26.875>to <00:22:27.015>just <00:22:27.155>focus <00:22:27.295>on <00:22:27.435>whether <00:22:27.575>I <00:22:27.715>could <00:22:27.855>identify <00:22:27.995>five

522
00:22:30.005 --> 00:22:33.915
<00:22:30.005>basic <00:22:30.205>stitches, <00:22:30.405>stock <00:22:30.605>net, <00:22:30.805>reverse <00:22:31.005>stock <00:22:31.205>in <00:22:31.405>net,

523
00:22:33.915 --> 00:22:36.235
<00:22:33.915>which <00:22:34.070>is <00:22:34.226>the, <00:22:34.381>the <00:22:34.537>backside <00:22:34.692>of <00:22:34.848>stock <00:22:35.003>in <00:22:35.159>net, <00:22:35.315>uh,

524
00:22:36.495 --> 00:22:39.555
<00:22:36.495>garter <00:22:36.728>stitch, <00:22:36.961>moss <00:22:37.195>stitch, <00:22:37.428>and <00:22:37.661>seed <00:22:37.895>stitch.

525
00:22:39.605 --> 00:22:42.355
<00:22:39.605>These <00:22:39.838>are <00:22:40.071>five <00:22:40.305>very <00:22:40.538>basic <00:22:40.771>just <00:22:41.005>combinations

526
00:22:42.375 --> 00:22:43.555
<00:22:42.375>of <00:22:42.729>knits <00:22:43.083>and <00:22:43.437>pearls.

527
00:22:44.855 --> 00:22:47.475
<00:22:44.855>And <00:22:45.010>since <00:22:45.166>I <00:22:45.321>am <00:22:45.477>a <00:22:45.632>glutton <00:22:45.788>for <00:22:45.943>punishment, <00:22:46.099>I <00:22:46.255>decided

528
00:22:47.495 --> 00:22:51.475
<00:22:47.495>to <00:22:47.695>crowdsource <00:22:47.895>my <00:22:48.094>own <00:22:48.294>dataset <00:22:48.495>directly <00:22:48.695>from <00:22:48.895>knitters

529
00:22:51.475 --> 00:22:54.115
<00:22:51.475>because <00:22:51.630>there <00:22:51.786>are <00:22:51.941>ton, <00:22:52.097>so <00:22:52.252>many <00:22:52.408>thousands <00:22:52.563>of <00:22:52.719>knitters <00:22:52.875>online,

530
00:22:54.375 --> 00:22:56.675
<00:22:54.375>you <00:22:54.550>probably <00:22:54.725>don't <00:22:54.900>even <00:22:55.075>know, <00:22:55.250>uh, <00:22:55.425>the <00:22:55.600>Venn <00:22:55.775>diagram

531
00:22:56.975 --> 00:22:58.635
<00:22:56.975>of <00:22:57.324>knitters <00:22:57.675>and <00:22:58.024>computer <00:22:58.375>nerds.

532
00:22:58.745 --> 00:23:00.435
<00:22:58.745>There's <00:22:59.024>a <00:22:59.304>lot <00:22:59.584>of <00:22:59.864>overlap <00:23:00.145>there.

533
00:23:01.825 --> 00:23:05.145
<00:23:01.825>I <00:23:02.000>didn't, <00:23:02.175>however, <00:23:02.350>wanna <00:23:02.525>spend <00:23:02.700>hours <00:23:02.875>like <00:23:03.050>scraping <00:23:03.225>images

534
00:23:05.165 --> 00:23:07.105
<00:23:05.165>of <00:23:05.445>knitting <00:23:05.725>off <00:23:06.004>off <00:23:06.284>different <00:23:06.565>websites

535
00:23:07.105 --> 00:23:09.545
<00:23:07.105>and <00:23:07.280>then <00:23:07.455>re-uploading <00:23:07.630>them <00:23:07.805>to, <00:23:07.980>for <00:23:08.155>my <00:23:08.330>training <00:23:08.505>data.

536
00:23:09.975 --> 00:23:12.225
<00:23:09.975>Instead, <00:23:10.149>I <00:23:10.324>wanted <00:23:10.500>to <00:23:10.675>automate <00:23:10.850>as <00:23:11.024>much <00:23:11.199>as <00:23:11.375>possible.

537
00:23:12.285 --> 00:23:14.345
<00:23:12.285>And <00:23:12.412>so <00:23:12.539>the <00:23:12.666>first <00:23:12.794>thing <00:23:12.921>I <00:23:13.048>did <00:23:13.175>was <00:23:13.303>actually <00:23:13.430>set <00:23:13.557>up <00:23:13.685>an

538
00:23:14.345 --> 00:23:15.505
<00:23:14.345>email <00:23:15.389>pipeline.

539
00:23:17.005 --> 00:23:18.585
<00:23:17.005>I'm <00:23:17.205>not <00:23:17.405>gonna <00:23:17.605>go <00:23:17.805>through <00:23:18.005>this <00:23:18.205>in <00:23:18.405>detail,

540
00:23:18.765 --> 00:23:20.905
<00:23:18.765>but <00:23:18.920>the <00:23:19.076>idea <00:23:19.231>is <00:23:19.387>that <00:23:19.542>I'd <00:23:19.698>have <00:23:19.853>an <00:23:20.009>email <00:23:20.165>address

541
00:23:21.215 --> 00:23:23.225
<00:23:21.215>that <00:23:21.495>people <00:23:21.774>could <00:23:22.054>email <00:23:22.334>with <00:23:22.615>attachments

542
00:23:23.225 --> 00:23:24.705
<00:23:23.225>with <00:23:23.558>their <00:23:23.890>photographs <00:23:24.224>of <00:23:24.557>knitting.

543
00:23:24.885 --> 00:23:26.625
<00:23:24.885>Um, <00:23:25.118>I <00:23:25.351>would <00:23:25.585>check <00:23:25.818>that <00:23:26.051>for <00:23:26.285>viruses

544
00:23:26.845 --> 00:23:28.945
<00:23:26.845>and <00:23:27.045>then <00:23:27.245>I <00:23:27.445>would <00:23:27.645>save <00:23:27.845>the <00:23:28.045>attachments <00:23:28.245>directly

545
00:23:28.945 --> 00:23:30.105
<00:23:28.945>into <00:23:29.293>an <00:23:29.641>S3 <00:23:29.989>bucket.

546
00:23:30.165 --> 00:23:32.225
<00:23:30.165>As <00:23:30.340>I <00:23:30.514>said, <00:23:30.690>that's <00:23:30.865>Amazon's, <00:23:31.040>uh, <00:23:31.215>simple <00:23:31.389>storage <00:23:31.565>service

547
00:23:32.225 --> 00:23:33.905
<00:23:32.225>because <00:23:32.399>that's <00:23:32.574>where <00:23:32.750>I <00:23:32.925>knew <00:23:33.100>I <00:23:33.274>was <00:23:33.449>gonna <00:23:33.625>need

548
00:23:33.905 --> 00:23:35.225
<00:23:33.905>them <00:23:34.202>for <00:23:34.499>my <00:23:34.795>training <00:23:35.092>jobs.

549
00:23:35.725 --> 00:23:39.065
<00:23:35.725>And <00:23:35.880>that <00:23:36.036>saved <00:23:36.191>me <00:23:36.347>having <00:23:36.502>to <00:23:36.658>handle <00:23:36.813>every <00:23:36.969>image <00:23:37.125>individually.

550
00:23:39.525 --> 00:23:41.825
<00:23:39.525>So <00:23:39.652>I <00:23:39.779>used <00:23:39.906>a <00:23:40.034>few <00:23:40.161>different <00:23:40.288>services <00:23:40.415>here <00:23:40.543>to <00:23:40.670>set <00:23:40.797>this <00:23:40.925>up.

551
00:23:41.845 --> 00:23:44.905
<00:23:41.845>Uh, <00:23:42.000>Amazon's <00:23:42.156>simple <00:23:42.311>email <00:23:42.467>service, <00:23:42.622>uh, <00:23:42.778>for <00:23:42.933>the <00:23:43.089>email <00:23:43.245>address

552
00:23:44.965 --> 00:23:48.725
<00:23:44.965>and <00:23:45.120>processing, <00:23:45.276>I <00:23:45.431>used <00:23:45.587>AWS <00:23:45.742>Lambda, <00:23:45.898>um, <00:23:46.053>which <00:23:46.209>is <00:23:46.365>make,

553
00:23:49.035 --> 00:23:50.725
<00:23:49.035>this <00:23:49.315>is <00:23:49.595>an <00:23:49.875>event <00:23:50.155>driven <00:23:50.435>architecture.

554
00:23:50.725 --> 00:23:52.005
<00:23:50.725>So <00:23:50.955>when <00:23:51.185>an <00:23:51.416>email <00:23:51.646>comes <00:23:51.877>in

555
00:23:52.025 --> 00:23:54.725
<00:23:52.025>and <00:23:52.165>goes <00:23:52.305>into <00:23:52.445>the <00:23:52.585>S3 <00:23:52.725>bucket, <00:23:52.865>the <00:23:53.005>Lambda <00:23:53.145>picks <00:23:53.285>it <00:23:53.425>up,

556
00:23:54.905 --> 00:23:56.845
<00:23:54.905>it <00:23:55.138>saves <00:23:55.371>the <00:23:55.605>attachment <00:23:55.838>in <00:23:56.071>another <00:23:56.305>bucket.

557
00:23:57.105 --> 00:24:00.885
<00:23:57.105>Um, <00:23:57.221>and <00:23:57.338>it <00:23:57.455>logs <00:23:57.571>the <00:23:57.688>metadata <00:23:57.805>from <00:23:57.921>the <00:23:58.038>email <00:23:58.155>into <00:23:58.271>a <00:23:58.388>Dynamo <00:23:58.505>DB

558
00:24:00.885 --> 00:24:02.725
<00:24:00.885>table, <00:24:01.165>which <00:24:01.445>is <00:24:01.725>our <00:24:02.004>NoSQL <00:24:02.285>database.

559
00:24:02.745 --> 00:24:04.645
<00:24:02.745>So <00:24:02.900>I <00:24:03.056>could <00:24:03.211>keep <00:24:03.367>track <00:24:03.522>of <00:24:03.678>who <00:24:03.833>to <00:24:03.989>email <00:24:04.145>me.

560
00:24:05.335 --> 00:24:07.795
<00:24:05.335>So <00:24:05.451>I <00:24:05.568>got <00:24:05.685>it <00:24:05.801>ready, <00:24:05.918>got <00:24:06.035>it <00:24:06.151>all <00:24:06.268>set <00:24:06.385>up, <00:24:06.501>didn't <00:24:06.618>take <00:24:06.735>long,

561
00:24:07.935 --> 00:24:10.795
<00:24:07.935>tested <00:24:08.062>it, <00:24:08.189>and <00:24:08.316>then <00:24:08.444>it <00:24:08.571>was <00:24:08.698>time <00:24:08.825>to <00:24:08.953>put <00:24:09.080>out <00:24:09.207>the <00:24:09.335>call.

562
00:24:11.635 --> 00:24:15.175
<00:24:11.635>So <00:24:11.775>this <00:24:11.915>is <00:24:12.055>a <00:24:12.195>tweet <00:24:12.335>I <00:24:12.475>made <00:24:12.615>in <00:24:12.754>October, <00:24:12.895>2019 <00:24:13.035>asking

563
00:24:15.315 --> 00:24:16.335
<00:24:15.315>for <00:24:15.774>knitted <00:24:16.233>samples.

564
00:24:16.755 --> 00:24:18.935
<00:24:16.755>So <00:24:16.910>I <00:24:17.066>actually <00:24:17.221>wrote <00:24:17.377>a <00:24:17.532>little <00:24:17.688>blog <00:24:17.843>post <00:24:17.999>explaining <00:24:18.155>exactly

565
00:24:18.935 --> 00:24:21.615
<00:24:18.935>what <00:24:19.110>I <00:24:19.284>was <00:24:19.460>looking <00:24:19.635>for, <00:24:19.810>the <00:24:19.985>type <00:24:20.159>up <00:24:20.335>close,

566
00:24:22.035 --> 00:24:23.415
<00:24:22.035>the <00:24:22.345>five <00:24:22.656>stitches <00:24:22.966>I <00:24:23.277>was

567
00:24:23.415 --> 00:24:25.815
<00:24:23.415>after <00:24:23.615>I <00:24:23.815>talked <00:24:24.014>about <00:24:24.215>what <00:24:24.415>I <00:24:24.615>didn't <00:24:24.815>want,

568
00:24:26.315 --> 00:24:27.935
<00:24:26.315>and <00:24:26.548>I <00:24:26.781>shared <00:24:27.015>the <00:24:27.248>email <00:24:27.481>address <00:24:27.715>so

569
00:24:27.935 --> 00:24:29.055
<00:24:27.935>that <00:24:28.136>people <00:24:28.338>could <00:24:28.539>send <00:24:28.741>them <00:24:28.943>in.

570
00:24:29.075 --> 00:24:30.855
<00:24:29.075>And <00:24:29.275>I <00:24:29.475>posted <00:24:29.675>this <00:24:29.875>in <00:24:30.075>a <00:24:30.275>few <00:24:30.475>places.

571
00:24:31.135 --> 00:24:33.735
<00:24:31.135>I <00:24:31.275>put <00:24:31.415>it <00:24:31.555>on <00:24:31.695>Twitter, <00:24:31.835>I <00:24:31.975>also <00:24:32.115>put <00:24:32.254>it <00:24:32.395>on <00:24:32.535>Ravelry,

572
00:24:33.745 --> 00:24:35.335
<00:24:33.745>which <00:24:34.094>is <00:24:34.445>GitHub <00:24:34.794>for <00:24:35.145>knitters.

573
00:24:35.335 --> 00:24:36.775
<00:24:35.335>If <00:24:35.551>you're <00:24:35.767>not <00:24:35.983>familiar, <00:24:36.199>it's <00:24:36.415>like <00:24:36.631>V

574
00:24:36.775 --> 00:24:37.815
<00:24:36.775>place <00:24:37.087>for <00:24:37.399>knitters <00:24:37.711>online.

575
00:24:39.185 --> 00:24:41.565
<00:24:39.185>And <00:24:39.340>the <00:24:39.496>great <00:24:39.651>news <00:24:39.807>is <00:24:39.962>it <00:24:40.118>kind <00:24:40.273>of <00:24:40.429>went <00:24:40.585>viral.

576
00:24:42.205 --> 00:24:44.845
<00:24:42.205>I <00:24:42.405>got <00:24:42.605>retweeted <00:24:42.804>like <00:24:43.004>more <00:24:43.205>than <00:24:43.405>350 <00:24:43.605>times

577
00:24:45.465 --> 00:24:48.005
<00:24:45.465>and <00:24:45.698>people <00:24:45.931>started <00:24:46.165>tagging <00:24:46.398>their <00:24:46.631>knitting <00:24:46.865>friends

578
00:24:48.065 --> 00:24:49.205
<00:24:48.065>and <00:24:48.321>forwarding <00:24:48.578>it <00:24:48.834>to <00:24:49.091>them.

579
00:24:49.865 --> 00:24:52.325
<00:24:49.865>And <00:24:50.065>the <00:24:50.265>amazing <00:24:50.465>thing <00:24:50.665>is <00:24:50.865>that <00:24:51.065>images <00:24:51.265>started

580
00:24:52.425 --> 00:24:53.965
<00:24:52.425>to <00:24:52.702>arrive <00:24:52.979>in <00:24:53.256>the <00:24:53.533>S3 <00:24:53.811>bucket.

581
00:24:54.425 --> 00:24:57.245
<00:24:54.425>Random <00:24:54.600>human <00:24:54.774>beings <00:24:54.950>around <00:24:55.125>the <00:24:55.300>world <00:24:55.475>saw <00:24:55.649>my <00:24:55.825>request

582
00:24:57.305 --> 00:24:59.925
<00:24:57.305>and <00:24:57.505>were <00:24:57.705>helping <00:24:57.905>me <00:24:58.105>out <00:24:58.305>with <00:24:58.505>my <00:24:58.705>project.

583
00:25:01.065 --> 00:25:03.325
<00:25:01.065>You <00:25:01.265>know, <00:25:01.465>just <00:25:01.665>so <00:25:01.865>much <00:25:02.065>love <00:25:02.265>for <00:25:02.465>humanity.

584
00:25:04.105 --> 00:25:05.525
<00:25:04.105>And <00:25:04.318>then <00:25:04.531>I <00:25:04.744>looked <00:25:04.957>at <00:25:05.170>the <00:25:05.383>images

585
00:25:06.225 --> 00:25:08.805
<00:25:06.225>and <00:25:06.458>some <00:25:06.691>of <00:25:06.925>them <00:25:07.158>were <00:25:07.391>great, <00:25:07.625>uh,

586
00:25:09.065 --> 00:25:12.485
<00:25:09.065>but <00:25:09.765>others, <00:25:10.465>yeah,

587
00:25:13.275 --> 00:25:15.765
<00:25:13.275>sometimes <00:25:13.508>people <00:25:13.741>were <00:25:13.975>so <00:25:14.208>excited <00:25:14.441>to <00:25:14.675>help

588
00:25:15.765 --> 00:25:17.325
<00:25:15.765>that <00:25:16.115>they <00:25:16.465>didn't <00:25:16.815>read <00:25:17.165>closely.

589
00:25:18.025 --> 00:25:20.565
<00:25:18.025>You <00:25:18.165>know, <00:25:18.305>they <00:25:18.445>sent <00:25:18.585>me <00:25:18.725>stitch <00:25:18.865>patterns <00:25:19.005>that <00:25:19.145>I <00:25:19.285>wasn't <00:25:19.425>looking

590
00:25:20.665 --> 00:25:23.045
<00:25:20.665>for, <00:25:20.945>or <00:25:21.225>pictures <00:25:21.504>of <00:25:21.784>whole <00:25:22.065>garments

591
00:25:23.045 --> 00:25:24.725
<00:25:23.045>that <00:25:23.325>didn't <00:25:23.605>have <00:25:23.885>the <00:25:24.165>resolution <00:25:24.445>so

592
00:25:24.725 --> 00:25:25.845
<00:25:24.725>that <00:25:24.926>I <00:25:25.128>could <00:25:25.329>see <00:25:25.531>the <00:25:25.733>stitches

593
00:25:26.305 --> 00:25:29.725
<00:25:26.305>or <00:25:26.480>even <00:25:26.655>attached <00:25:26.830>by <00:25:27.005>accident, <00:25:27.180>the <00:25:27.355>wrong <00:25:27.530>images <00:25:27.705>altogether.

594
00:25:30.465 --> 00:25:32.765
<00:25:30.465>So <00:25:30.665>the <00:25:30.865>first <00:25:31.064>lesson <00:25:31.264>of <00:25:31.465>crowdsourcing <00:25:31.665>data <00:25:31.865>is

595
00:25:32.765 --> 00:25:35.445
<00:25:32.765>that <00:25:32.940>it's <00:25:33.115>gonna <00:25:33.290>result <00:25:33.465>in <00:25:33.640>a <00:25:33.815>lot <00:25:33.990>of <00:25:34.165>cleanup.

596
00:25:35.865 --> 00:25:37.405
<00:25:35.865>And <00:25:36.142>I'm <00:25:36.419>not <00:25:36.696>shaming <00:25:36.973>these <00:25:37.251>folks.

597
00:25:37.645 --> 00:25:38.885
<00:25:37.645>I <00:25:37.831>really <00:25:38.017>am <00:25:38.203>super <00:25:38.389>grateful <00:25:38.575>for <00:25:38.761>them.

598
00:25:38.915 --> 00:25:41.405
<00:25:38.915>They <00:25:39.070>were <00:25:39.226>being <00:25:39.381>generous <00:25:39.537>and <00:25:39.692>trying <00:25:39.848>to <00:25:40.003>help <00:25:40.159>me <00:25:40.315>out.

599
00:25:41.705 --> 00:25:43.525
<00:25:41.705>Um, <00:25:41.905>but <00:25:42.105>if <00:25:42.304>you're <00:25:42.504>gonna <00:25:42.705>crowdsource <00:25:42.905>your <00:25:43.105>data,

600
00:25:43.875 --> 00:25:46.445
<00:25:43.875>just <00:25:44.030>know <00:25:44.186>it <00:25:44.341>is <00:25:44.497>not <00:25:44.652>gonna <00:25:44.808>save <00:25:44.963>you <00:25:45.119>from <00:25:45.275>having

601
00:25:46.445 --> 00:25:48.765
<00:25:46.445>to <00:25:46.600>still <00:25:46.756>clean <00:25:46.911>it <00:25:47.067>out, <00:25:47.222>all <00:25:47.378>the <00:25:47.533>images <00:25:47.689>up <00:25:47.845>yourself.

602
00:25:49.905 --> 00:25:50.925
<00:25:49.905>So <00:25:50.364>I <00:25:50.822>persevered.

603
00:25:51.085 --> 00:25:53.045
<00:25:51.085>I <00:25:51.240>went <00:25:51.396>in, <00:25:51.551>I <00:25:51.707>I <00:25:51.862>threw <00:25:52.018>out <00:25:52.173>the <00:25:52.329>dodgy <00:25:52.485>images,

604
00:25:53.245 --> 00:25:55.405
<00:25:53.245>I <00:25:53.445>cropped <00:25:53.645>the <00:25:53.844>rest <00:25:54.044>that <00:25:54.245>I <00:25:54.445>could <00:25:54.645>just

605
00:25:55.645 --> 00:25:56.885
<00:25:55.645>to <00:25:55.924>show <00:25:56.203>the <00:25:56.482>stitch <00:25:56.761>pattern,

606
00:25:58.385 --> 00:26:01.485
<00:25:58.385>and <00:25:58.525>then <00:25:58.665>the <00:25:58.805>next <00:25:58.945>step <00:25:59.085>was <00:25:59.225>to <00:25:59.365>get <00:25:59.504>the <00:25:59.645>images <00:25:59.785>labeled.

607
00:26:02.225 --> 00:26:03.885
<00:26:02.225>Uh, <00:26:02.504>rather <00:26:02.784>than <00:26:03.064>me <00:26:03.344>going <00:26:03.625>through

608
00:26:03.885 --> 00:26:06.845
<00:26:03.885>and <00:26:04.085>labeling <00:26:04.285>these <00:26:04.485>myself <00:26:04.685>that <00:26:04.885>this <00:26:05.085>is <00:26:05.285>garter,

609
00:26:06.875 --> 00:26:10.085
<00:26:06.875>this <00:26:07.015>is <00:26:07.155>stuck <00:26:07.295>in <00:26:07.435>it, <00:26:07.575>this <00:26:07.715>is <00:26:07.855>seed <00:26:07.995>I <00:26:08.135>again <00:26:08.275>turned

610
00:26:10.085 --> 00:26:11.245
<00:26:10.085>to <00:26:10.433>my <00:26:10.781>fellow <00:26:11.129>knitters.

611
00:26:12.075 --> 00:26:14.575
<00:26:12.075>So <00:26:12.215>one <00:26:12.355>of <00:26:12.495>the <00:26:12.635>services <00:26:12.775>we <00:26:12.915>have <00:26:13.055>in <00:26:13.195>that <00:26:13.335>middle <00:26:13.475>layer,

612
00:26:14.675 --> 00:26:16.375
<00:26:14.675>the <00:26:15.024>machine <00:26:15.375>learning, <00:26:15.725>uh, <00:26:16.075>layer

613
00:26:16.375 --> 00:26:19.695
<00:26:16.375>of <00:26:16.550>the <00:26:16.725>AWS <00:26:16.900>stack <00:26:17.075>is <00:26:17.250>called <00:26:17.425>SageMaker <00:26:17.600>Ground <00:26:17.775>Truth.

614
00:26:20.275 --> 00:26:23.575
<00:26:20.275>And <00:26:20.430>that <00:26:20.586>helps <00:26:20.741>you <00:26:20.897>build <00:26:21.052>highly <00:26:21.208>accurate <00:26:21.363>training <00:26:21.519>data <00:26:21.675>sets

615
00:26:23.595 --> 00:26:25.935
<00:26:23.595>for <00:26:23.875>machine <00:26:24.155>learning <00:26:24.435>by <00:26:24.715>coordinating <00:26:24.995>private

616
00:26:26.035 --> 00:26:27.255
<00:26:26.035>and <00:26:26.584>public <00:26:27.133>workforces.

617
00:26:27.285 --> 00:26:28.655
<00:26:27.285>Basically, <00:26:27.593>it's <00:26:27.901>like <00:26:28.209>a <00:26:28.518>UI

618
00:26:28.655 --> 00:26:30.335
<00:26:28.655>where <00:26:28.855>you <00:26:29.055>can <00:26:29.254>set <00:26:29.455>up <00:26:29.655>a <00:26:29.855>labeling <00:26:30.055>job

619
00:26:30.875 --> 00:26:34.295
<00:26:30.875>and <00:26:30.991>then <00:26:31.108>you <00:26:31.225>can <00:26:31.341>recruit <00:26:31.458>your <00:26:31.575>own <00:26:31.691>people <00:26:31.808>to <00:26:31.925>go <00:26:32.041>in <00:26:32.158>and <00:26:32.275>label.

620
00:26:34.435 --> 00:26:36.295
<00:26:34.435>Or <00:26:34.668>you <00:26:34.901>can <00:26:35.135>use <00:26:35.368>Amazon <00:26:35.601>Mechanical <00:26:35.835>Turk

621
00:26:36.295 --> 00:26:38.855
<00:26:36.295>and <00:26:36.528>actually <00:26:36.761>pay <00:26:36.995>strangers <00:26:37.228>a <00:26:37.461>few <00:26:37.695>cents

622
00:26:39.165 --> 00:26:41.615
<00:26:39.165>because <00:26:39.365>this <00:26:39.565>is <00:26:39.764>kind <00:26:39.965>of <00:26:40.165>a <00:26:40.365>specialized <00:26:40.565>skill

623
00:26:41.715 --> 00:26:42.975
<00:26:41.715>to <00:26:41.941>know <00:26:42.168>which <00:26:42.395>stitch <00:26:42.622>it <00:26:42.849>is.

624
00:26:43.285 --> 00:26:45.565
<00:26:43.285>I <00:26:43.460>didn't <00:26:43.635>wanna <00:26:43.810>do <00:26:43.985>that. <00:26:44.160>So <00:26:44.335>I <00:26:44.510>recruited, <00:26:44.685>uh,

625
00:26:45.625 --> 00:26:48.885
<00:26:45.625>my <00:26:45.765>own <00:26:45.905>volunteer <00:26:46.045>task <00:26:46.185>force <00:26:46.325>and <00:26:46.465>I <00:26:46.605>set <00:26:46.745>up <00:26:46.885>the <00:26:47.025>job.

626
00:26:49.305 --> 00:26:51.285
<00:26:49.305>So <00:26:49.460>what <00:26:49.616>I'm <00:26:49.771>gonna <00:26:49.927>do <00:26:50.082>now <00:26:50.238>is <00:26:50.393>actually <00:26:50.549>switch <00:26:50.705>over

627
00:26:51.285 --> 00:26:53.685
<00:26:51.285>to <00:26:51.440>my <00:26:51.596>browser <00:26:51.751>and <00:26:51.907>show <00:26:52.062>you <00:26:52.218>what <00:26:52.373>this <00:26:52.529>looks <00:26:52.685>like.

628
00:26:54.875 --> 00:26:59.845
<00:26:54.875>Okay, <00:26:55.050>so <00:26:55.225>this <00:26:55.400>here <00:26:55.575>is <00:26:55.750>SageMaker <00:26:55.925>ground <00:26:56.100>truth, <00:26:56.275>um,

629
00:26:59.845 --> 00:27:02.045
<00:26:59.845>and <00:27:00.020>I've <00:27:00.195>got <00:27:00.370>a <00:27:00.545>few <00:27:00.720>labeling <00:27:00.895>jobs <00:27:01.070>set <00:27:01.245>up.

630
00:27:02.065 --> 00:27:05.045
<00:27:02.065>So <00:27:02.220>I'm <00:27:02.376>just <00:27:02.531>gonna <00:27:02.687>open, <00:27:02.842>uh, <00:27:02.998>one <00:27:03.153>of <00:27:03.309>them <00:27:03.465>here

631
00:27:06.105 --> 00:27:07.845
<00:27:06.105>and <00:27:06.455>view <00:27:06.805>the <00:27:07.155>labeling <00:27:07.505>tool.

632
00:27:07.905 --> 00:27:09.285
<00:27:07.905>In <00:27:08.112>case <00:27:08.319>you <00:27:08.526>haven't <00:27:08.733>seen <00:27:08.940>ground <00:27:09.147>truth,

633
00:27:09.515 --> 00:27:10.885
<00:27:09.515>this <00:27:09.761>is <00:27:10.008>what <00:27:10.254>it <00:27:10.501>looks <00:27:10.748>like.

634
00:27:14.945 --> 00:27:16.525
<00:27:14.945>So <00:27:15.225>I, <00:27:15.504>I <00:27:15.784>wrote <00:27:16.064>some <00:27:16.345>instructions.

635
00:27:16.525 --> 00:27:17.765
<00:27:16.525>You <00:27:16.804>can <00:27:17.083>customize <00:27:17.362>it <00:27:17.641>yourself.

636
00:27:17.785 --> 00:27:19.885
<00:27:17.785>So <00:27:17.912>you <00:27:18.039>can <00:27:18.166>see <00:27:18.294>on <00:27:18.421>the <00:27:18.548>left <00:27:18.675>there <00:27:18.803>I've <00:27:18.930>got <00:27:19.057>some <00:27:19.185>instructions

637
00:27:19.885 --> 00:27:21.325
<00:27:19.885>showing <00:27:20.533>people, <00:27:21.181>uh,

638
00:27:21.325 --> 00:27:23.165
<00:27:21.325>the <00:27:21.605>different <00:27:21.885>stitches <00:27:22.165>we're <00:27:22.445>looking <00:27:22.725>for.

639
00:27:23.785 --> 00:27:25.445
<00:27:23.785>And <00:27:24.065>then <00:27:24.345>basically <00:27:24.625>it <00:27:24.905>presents <00:27:25.185>one

640
00:27:25.445 --> 00:27:27.445
<00:27:25.445>of <00:27:25.645>the <00:27:25.845>images <00:27:26.044>from <00:27:26.245>my <00:27:26.445>training <00:27:26.645>data <00:27:26.845>set,

641
00:27:27.665 --> 00:27:30.205
<00:27:27.665>and <00:27:27.805>they <00:27:27.945>have <00:27:28.085>to <00:27:28.225>select <00:27:28.365>the <00:27:28.504>option <00:27:28.645>that <00:27:28.784>it <00:27:28.925>applies <00:27:29.065>to.

642
00:27:30.505 --> 00:27:32.125
<00:27:30.505>Uh, <00:27:30.660>as <00:27:30.816>you <00:27:30.971>can <00:27:31.127>see, <00:27:31.282>I've <00:27:31.438>got <00:27:31.593>stuck <00:27:31.749>in <00:27:31.905>it,

643
00:27:32.145 --> 00:27:34.045
<00:27:32.145>garter <00:27:32.378>seed <00:27:32.611>moss, <00:27:32.845>reverse <00:27:33.078>stuck <00:27:33.311>in <00:27:33.545>it.

644
00:27:34.045 --> 00:27:35.285
<00:27:34.045>Those <00:27:34.324>are <00:27:34.603>my <00:27:34.882>five <00:27:35.161>labels.

645
00:27:35.625 --> 00:27:38.685
<00:27:35.625>And <00:27:35.765>I've <00:27:35.905>got <00:27:36.045>other, <00:27:36.185>uh, <00:27:36.325>which <00:27:36.465>is <00:27:36.605>the <00:27:36.745>one <00:27:36.885>for <00:27:37.025>something

646
00:27:38.685 --> 00:27:40.165
<00:27:38.685>that <00:27:38.875>isn't <00:27:39.065>any <00:27:39.255>of <00:27:39.446>them, <00:27:39.636>just <00:27:39.826>in <00:27:40.017>case

647
00:27:40.265 --> 00:27:41.565
<00:27:40.265>any <00:27:40.557>of <00:27:40.850>them <00:27:41.142>slipped <00:27:41.435>through.

648
00:27:42.025 --> 00:27:43.805
<00:27:42.025>So <00:27:42.200>this <00:27:42.375>one, <00:27:42.550>for <00:27:42.725>example, <00:27:42.900>is <00:27:43.075>stock <00:27:43.250>in <00:27:43.425>it.

649
00:27:44.105 --> 00:27:46.885
<00:27:44.105>So <00:27:44.232>I <00:27:44.359>had <00:27:44.486>a <00:27:44.614>whole <00:27:44.741>bunch <00:27:44.868>of <00:27:44.995>volunteers <00:27:45.123>doing <00:27:45.250>that <00:27:45.377>for <00:27:45.505>me,

650
00:27:47.545 --> 00:27:50.085
<00:27:47.545>and <00:27:47.745>pretty <00:27:47.945>quickly <00:27:48.145>I <00:27:48.345>realized <00:27:48.545>I <00:27:48.745>was <00:27:48.945>gonna

651
00:27:50.145 --> 00:27:51.405
<00:27:50.145>run <00:27:50.523>into <00:27:50.901>some <00:27:51.279>issues.

652
00:27:52.905 --> 00:27:57.515
<00:27:52.905>So <00:27:53.060>the <00:27:53.216>first <00:27:53.371>problem <00:27:53.527>I <00:27:53.682>discovered <00:27:53.838>on <00:27:53.993>the <00:27:54.149>left <00:27:54.305>here,

653
00:27:57.575 --> 00:27:59.435
<00:27:57.575>you <00:27:57.925>see <00:27:58.275>garter <00:27:58.625>stitch, <00:27:58.975>okay?

654
00:27:59.435 --> 00:28:01.515
<00:27:59.435>That's <00:27:59.610>what <00:27:59.784>you <00:27:59.960>get <00:28:00.135>when <00:28:00.310>you <00:28:00.485>knit <00:28:00.659>every <00:28:00.835>row.

655
00:28:01.775 --> 00:28:03.355
<00:28:01.775>No <00:28:02.055>pearling, <00:28:02.335>just <00:28:02.615>knit, <00:28:02.895>knit, <00:28:03.175>knit.

656
00:28:03.895 --> 00:28:06.555
<00:28:03.895>On <00:28:04.050>the <00:28:04.206>right <00:28:04.361>there <00:28:04.517>is <00:28:04.672>reverse <00:28:04.828>stuck <00:28:04.983>in <00:28:05.139>net <00:28:05.295>stitch,

657
00:28:06.555 --> 00:28:08.515
<00:28:06.555>which <00:28:06.755>is <00:28:06.955>the <00:28:07.155>backside <00:28:07.355>of <00:28:07.555>stuck <00:28:07.755>in <00:28:07.955>net.

658
00:28:08.775 --> 00:28:10.395
<00:28:08.775>Uh, <00:28:08.975>and <00:28:09.175>that's <00:28:09.375>where <00:28:09.575>you <00:28:09.775>knit <00:28:09.975>one <00:28:10.175>row

659
00:28:10.455 --> 00:28:11.675
<00:28:10.455>and <00:28:10.674>then <00:28:10.894>you <00:28:11.113>pearl <00:28:11.333>one <00:28:11.553>row.

660
00:28:12.015 --> 00:28:13.635
<00:28:12.015>And <00:28:12.190>so <00:28:12.365>this <00:28:12.540>is <00:28:12.715>the <00:28:12.890>pearl <00:28:13.065>side <00:28:13.240>of <00:28:13.415>it.

661
00:28:14.015 --> 00:28:15.875
<00:28:14.015>And <00:28:14.170>what, <00:28:14.326>what, <00:28:14.481>what <00:28:14.637>do <00:28:14.792>you <00:28:14.948>notice <00:28:15.103>from <00:28:15.259>these <00:28:15.415>two?

662
00:28:16.345 --> 00:28:18.355
<00:28:16.345>They <00:28:16.625>look <00:28:16.905>an <00:28:17.185>awful <00:28:17.465>lot <00:28:17.745>alike.

663
00:28:18.895 --> 00:28:21.475
<00:28:18.895>Um, <00:28:19.050>in <00:28:19.206>real <00:28:19.361>life, <00:28:19.517>they're <00:28:19.672>very <00:28:19.828>easy <00:28:19.983>to <00:28:20.139>tell <00:28:20.295>apart

664
00:28:21.475 --> 00:28:22.915
<00:28:21.475>because <00:28:21.690>you <00:28:21.907>can <00:28:22.123>just <00:28:22.339>flip <00:28:22.554>it <00:28:22.771>over.

665
00:28:23.055 --> 00:28:25.275
<00:28:23.055>One <00:28:23.182>of <00:28:23.309>them <00:28:23.436>is <00:28:23.564>the <00:28:23.691>same <00:28:23.818>on <00:28:23.945>both <00:28:24.073>sides <00:28:24.200>and <00:28:24.327>one <00:28:24.455>isn't.

666
00:28:25.575 --> 00:28:28.475
<00:28:25.575>But <00:28:25.730>in <00:28:25.886>a <00:28:26.041>photograph, <00:28:26.197>I, <00:28:26.352>I <00:28:26.508>hadn't <00:28:26.663>actually <00:28:26.819>anticipated <00:28:26.975>this,

667
00:28:28.785 --> 00:28:30.515
<00:28:28.785>they're <00:28:29.251>kind <00:28:29.718>of <00:28:30.185>indistinguishable.

668
00:28:30.515 --> 00:28:32.155
<00:28:30.515>Some <00:28:30.715>photos <00:28:30.915>are <00:28:31.115>easier <00:28:31.315>to <00:28:31.515>tell <00:28:31.715>than <00:28:31.915>others,

669
00:28:32.535 --> 00:28:36.075
<00:28:32.535>but <00:28:32.662>I <00:28:32.789>personally <00:28:32.916>had <00:28:33.044>a <00:28:33.171>hard <00:28:33.298>time <00:28:33.425>labeling <00:28:33.553>them <00:28:33.680>in <00:28:33.807>the <00:28:33.935>tool.

670
00:28:36.575 --> 00:28:39.395
<00:28:36.575>And <00:28:36.750>so <00:28:36.925>I, <00:28:37.100>I <00:28:37.275>realized <00:28:37.450>that <00:28:37.625>my <00:28:37.800>labels <00:28:37.975>for

671
00:28:39.395 --> 00:28:41.715
<00:28:39.395>that <00:28:39.628>one <00:28:39.861>are <00:28:40.095>probably <00:28:40.328>gonna <00:28:40.561>be, <00:28:40.795>uh,

672
00:28:41.895 --> 00:28:42.915
<00:28:41.895>not <00:28:42.124>gonna <00:28:42.354>be <00:28:42.583>as <00:28:42.812>accurate.

673
00:28:43.315 --> 00:28:44.635
<00:28:43.315>I <00:28:43.513>did <00:28:43.711>set <00:28:43.909>up <00:28:44.107>the <00:28:44.305>training <00:28:44.503>job.

674
00:28:44.655 --> 00:28:46.795
<00:28:44.655>You <00:28:44.855>can <00:28:45.055>set <00:28:45.254>some <00:28:45.455>thresholds <00:28:45.655>in <00:28:45.855>ground <00:28:46.055>truth.

675
00:28:47.075 --> 00:28:50.235
<00:28:47.075>I <00:28:47.230>set <00:28:47.386>it <00:28:47.541>up <00:28:47.697>so <00:28:47.852>that, <00:28:48.008>um, <00:28:48.163>every <00:28:48.319>image <00:28:48.475>had

676
00:28:50.235 --> 00:28:52.475
<00:28:50.235>to <00:28:50.362>be <00:28:50.489>labeled <00:28:50.616>at <00:28:50.744>least <00:28:50.871>three <00:28:50.998>times <00:28:51.125>just <00:28:51.253>so <00:28:51.380>that <00:28:51.507>I <00:28:51.635>counted

677
00:28:52.495 --> 00:28:54.195
<00:28:52.495>for <00:28:52.961>individual <00:28:53.428>labeler <00:28:53.895>error.

678
00:28:55.515 --> 00:28:57.375
<00:28:55.515>Uh, <00:28:55.748>another <00:28:55.981>problem <00:28:56.215>I <00:28:56.448>had, <00:28:56.681>so <00:28:56.915>two

679
00:28:57.375 --> 00:28:58.695
<00:28:57.375>of <00:28:57.612>the <00:28:57.850>other <00:28:58.087>stitches <00:28:58.325>you'll <00:28:58.562>recall

680
00:28:58.695 --> 00:29:01.255
<00:28:58.695>that <00:28:58.895>I <00:28:59.095>was <00:28:59.294>using <00:28:59.495>were <00:28:59.695>seed <00:28:59.895>and <00:29:00.095>moss.

681
00:29:01.315 --> 00:29:03.415
<00:29:01.315>And <00:29:01.470>I <00:29:01.626>thought, <00:29:01.781>ah, <00:29:01.937>these <00:29:02.092>are, <00:29:02.248>these <00:29:02.403>are <00:29:02.559>super <00:29:02.715>easy

682
00:29:03.435 --> 00:29:04.815
<00:29:03.435>to <00:29:03.683>tell <00:29:03.931>apart, <00:29:04.180>not <00:29:04.428>a <00:29:04.677>problem.

683
00:29:06.465 --> 00:29:08.645
<00:29:06.465>So <00:29:06.620>you <00:29:06.776>can <00:29:06.931>see <00:29:07.087>from <00:29:07.242>the <00:29:07.398>photos <00:29:07.553>here, <00:29:07.709>very <00:29:07.865>different.

684
00:29:09.115 --> 00:29:11.325
<00:29:09.115>Then <00:29:09.348>I <00:29:09.581>discovered <00:29:09.815>that <00:29:10.048>in <00:29:10.281>British <00:29:10.515>patterns,

685
00:29:11.595 --> 00:29:15.085
<00:29:11.595>they <00:29:11.750>use <00:29:11.906>both <00:29:12.061>words <00:29:12.217>to <00:29:12.372>refer <00:29:12.528>to <00:29:12.683>the <00:29:12.839>same <00:29:12.995>thing.

686
00:29:15.305 --> 00:29:17.525
<00:29:15.305>The <00:29:15.585>image <00:29:15.865>on <00:29:16.145>the <00:29:16.425>left, <00:29:16.705>only

687
00:29:18.125 --> 00:29:20.365
<00:29:18.125>Americans <00:29:18.300>call <00:29:18.475>the <00:29:18.650>one <00:29:18.825>on <00:29:19.000>the <00:29:19.175>right <00:29:19.350>moss <00:29:19.525>stitch,

688
00:29:20.775 --> 00:29:22.245
<00:29:20.775>which <00:29:21.105>I <00:29:21.436>hadn't <00:29:21.767>accounted <00:29:22.098>for.

689
00:29:22.385 --> 00:29:26.165
<00:29:22.385>So <00:29:22.560>again, <00:29:22.735>those <00:29:22.910>labels <00:29:23.085>are <00:29:23.260>gonna <00:29:23.435>be <00:29:23.610>pretty, <00:29:23.785>uh,

690
00:29:26.165 --> 00:29:27.525
<00:29:26.165>inaccurate <00:29:26.777>and <00:29:27.389>unreliable.

691
00:29:28.465 --> 00:29:29.805
<00:29:28.465>So <00:29:28.599>this <00:29:28.733>is <00:29:28.867>what <00:29:29.001>I <00:29:29.135>realized <00:29:29.269>I <00:29:29.403>was <00:29:29.537>gonna <00:29:29.671>have

692
00:29:29.805 --> 00:29:30.965
<00:29:29.805>to <00:29:30.066>do <00:29:30.327>scope <00:29:30.588>even <00:29:30.849>further.

693
00:29:31.065 --> 00:29:32.645
<00:29:31.065>And <00:29:31.298>I <00:29:31.531>thought, <00:29:31.765>okay, <00:29:31.998>how, <00:29:32.231>how <00:29:32.465>simple,

694
00:29:32.675 --> 00:29:34.565
<00:29:32.675>what <00:29:32.875>is <00:29:33.075>the <00:29:33.274>absolute <00:29:33.475>simplest <00:29:33.675>I <00:29:33.875>can <00:29:34.075>go?

695
00:29:34.975 --> 00:29:38.525
<00:29:34.975>Let's <00:29:35.115>see <00:29:35.254>if <00:29:35.395>I <00:29:35.534>can <00:29:35.675>identify <00:29:35.814>just <00:29:35.955>a <00:29:36.094>single <00:29:36.235>stitch <00:29:36.375>pattern.

696
00:29:39.065 --> 00:29:41.250
<00:29:39.065>You <00:29:39.240>all <00:29:39.415>know <00:29:39.590>the <00:29:39.765>joke <00:29:39.940>from <00:29:40.115>Silicon <00:29:40.290>Valley, <00:29:40.465>right?

697
00:29:41.345 --> 00:29:44.765
<00:29:41.345>Hotdog <00:29:41.472>or <00:29:41.599>not? <00:29:41.726>I <00:29:41.854>decided <00:29:41.981>to <00:29:42.108>do <00:29:42.235>stock <00:29:42.363>in <00:29:42.490>net <00:29:42.617>or <00:29:42.745>not.

698
00:29:45.305 --> 00:29:47.485
<00:29:45.305>Is <00:29:45.505>it <00:29:45.705>stuck <00:29:45.905>in <00:29:46.105>net <00:29:46.305>stitch <00:29:46.505>or <00:29:46.705>not?

699
00:29:47.785 --> 00:29:48.965
<00:29:47.785>That's <00:29:48.050>what <00:29:48.316>we're <00:29:48.581>aiming <00:29:48.847>for.

700
00:29:49.865 --> 00:29:51.605
<00:29:49.865>So <00:29:50.040>then <00:29:50.215>it <00:29:50.390>was <00:29:50.565>time <00:29:50.740>to <00:29:50.915>train <00:29:51.090>the <00:29:51.265>model.

701
00:29:52.895 --> 00:29:55.875
<00:29:52.895>And <00:29:53.022>so <00:29:53.149>back <00:29:53.276>in <00:29:53.404>2019, <00:29:53.531>when <00:29:53.658>I <00:29:53.785>was <00:29:53.913>first <00:29:54.040>doing <00:29:54.167>this <00:29:54.295>demo,

702
00:29:55.875 --> 00:29:57.915
<00:29:55.875>when <00:29:56.075>I <00:29:56.275>started <00:29:56.475>doing <00:29:56.675>this, <00:29:56.875>my <00:29:57.075>best <00:29:57.275>option

703
00:29:57.915 --> 00:29:59.555
<00:29:57.915>for <00:29:58.264>this <00:29:58.615>was <00:29:58.965>Amazon's <00:29:59.315>SageMaker.

704
00:30:00.135 --> 00:30:02.795
<00:30:00.135>So <00:30:00.290>as <00:30:00.446>I <00:30:00.601>mentioned, <00:30:00.757>SageMaker <00:30:00.912>is <00:30:01.068>a <00:30:01.223>fully <00:30:01.379>managed <00:30:01.535>service

705
00:30:02.905 --> 00:30:05.475
<00:30:02.905>that <00:30:03.138>covers <00:30:03.371>the <00:30:03.605>whole <00:30:03.838>machine <00:30:04.071>learning <00:30:04.305>workflow.

706
00:30:06.095 --> 00:30:07.755
<00:30:06.095>Now, <00:30:06.375>rather <00:30:06.655>than <00:30:06.935>using <00:30:07.215>Jupyter <00:30:07.495>Notebooks

707
00:30:07.755 --> 00:30:09.955
<00:30:07.755>or <00:30:07.895>anything <00:30:08.035>like <00:30:08.175>that, <00:30:08.315>I <00:30:08.455>actually <00:30:08.595>just <00:30:08.735>set <00:30:08.875>up <00:30:09.015>all <00:30:09.155>my

708
00:30:10.075 --> 00:30:11.795
<00:30:10.075>training <00:30:10.355>jobs <00:30:10.635>directly <00:30:10.915>in <00:30:11.195>the <00:30:11.475>console,

709
00:30:11.795 --> 00:30:14.515
<00:30:11.795>because <00:30:12.028>remember, <00:30:12.261>not <00:30:12.495>a <00:30:12.728>machine <00:30:12.961>learning <00:30:13.195>expert.

710
00:30:15.365 --> 00:30:18.525
<00:30:15.365>I <00:30:15.505>ran <00:30:15.645>my <00:30:15.785>training <00:30:15.925>jobs <00:30:16.065>on <00:30:16.205>a <00:30:16.345>single, <00:30:16.485>uh, <00:30:16.625>P <00:30:16.765>three,

711
00:30:18.665 --> 00:30:21.525
<00:30:18.665>two <00:30:18.840>extra <00:30:19.014>large <00:30:19.190>instance, <00:30:19.365>which <00:30:19.540>is <00:30:19.715>an <00:30:19.889>instance <00:30:20.065>type

712
00:30:21.525 --> 00:30:24.565
<00:30:21.525>that <00:30:21.700>has <00:30:21.875>powerful <00:30:22.050>GPUs <00:30:22.225>to <00:30:22.400>accelerate <00:30:22.575>machine <00:30:22.750>learning <00:30:22.925>jobs.

713
00:30:25.265 --> 00:30:26.485
<00:30:25.265>So <00:30:25.539>I'll <00:30:25.814>now <00:30:26.088>switch <00:30:26.362>over

714
00:30:26.545 --> 00:30:29.205
<00:30:26.545>and <00:30:26.720>show <00:30:26.895>you <00:30:27.070>what <00:30:27.245>this <00:30:27.420>looks <00:30:27.595>like <00:30:27.770>in <00:30:27.945>SageMaker.

715
00:30:31.125 --> 00:30:33.785
<00:30:31.125>All <00:30:31.300>right, <00:30:31.475>so <00:30:31.650>going <00:30:31.825>back <00:30:32.000>to <00:30:32.175>my <00:30:32.350>browser <00:30:32.525>here.

716
00:30:33.975 --> 00:30:38.245
<00:30:33.975>Where's <00:30:34.441>my <00:30:34.908>mouse? <00:30:35.375>Firefox.

717
00:30:43.615 --> 00:30:46.905
<00:30:43.615>Okay, <00:30:43.895>Firefox. <00:30:44.175>So <00:30:44.455>this <00:30:44.735>is <00:30:45.015>SageMaker.

718
00:30:47.325 --> 00:30:49.705
<00:30:47.325>Um, <00:30:47.465>and <00:30:47.605>you <00:30:47.745>can <00:30:47.885>see <00:30:48.025>it <00:30:48.165>had <00:30:48.305>ground <00:30:48.445>truth <00:30:48.585>built <00:30:48.725>in,

719
00:30:49.705 --> 00:30:51.865
<00:30:49.705>but <00:30:49.879>if <00:30:50.054>I <00:30:50.230>go <00:30:50.405>down <00:30:50.580>here <00:30:50.754>to <00:30:50.929>training, <00:30:51.105>uh,

720
00:30:51.865 --> 00:30:53.065
<00:30:51.865>here <00:30:52.135>are <00:30:52.405>my <00:30:52.675>training <00:30:52.945>jobs,

721
00:30:53.925 --> 00:30:57.695
<00:30:53.925>and <00:30:54.065>to <00:30:54.205>set <00:30:54.345>up <00:30:54.485>a <00:30:54.625>training <00:30:54.764>job, <00:30:54.905>I'll <00:30:55.044>click <00:30:55.185>the <00:30:55.325>button

722
00:30:57.695 --> 00:30:58.815
<00:30:57.695>to <00:30:57.947>create <00:30:58.199>a <00:30:58.451>training <00:30:58.703>job.

723
00:30:59.195 --> 00:31:00.735
<00:30:59.195>You <00:30:59.349>give <00:30:59.503>it <00:30:59.657>a <00:30:59.811>name, <00:30:59.965>you <00:31:00.119>give <00:31:00.273>it <00:31:00.427>a <00:31:00.581>role.

724
00:31:01.305 --> 00:31:03.855
<00:31:01.305>There <00:31:01.505>are <00:31:01.705>a <00:31:01.905>lot <00:31:02.105>of <00:31:02.305>options <00:31:02.505>in <00:31:02.705>SageMaker.

725
00:31:04.475 --> 00:31:07.495
<00:31:04.475>Um, <00:31:04.630>but <00:31:04.786>the <00:31:04.941>basics <00:31:05.097>that <00:31:05.252>you <00:31:05.408>need <00:31:05.563>to <00:31:05.719>provide <00:31:05.875>it

726
00:31:07.495 --> 00:31:08.895
<00:31:07.495>with <00:31:07.915>are <00:31:08.335>an <00:31:08.754>algorithm.

727
00:31:09.315 --> 00:31:11.735
<00:31:09.315>And <00:31:09.442>there's <00:31:09.569>a <00:31:09.696>whole <00:31:09.824>bunch <00:31:09.951>built <00:31:10.078>in <00:31:10.205>that <00:31:10.333>you <00:31:10.460>can <00:31:10.587>choose <00:31:10.715>from.

728
00:31:12.355 --> 00:31:14.095
<00:31:12.355>You <00:31:12.588>need <00:31:12.821>to <00:31:13.055>tell <00:31:13.288>it <00:31:13.521>what <00:31:13.755>sort

729
00:31:14.095 --> 00:31:16.735
<00:31:14.095>of <00:31:14.270>resources <00:31:14.445>you <00:31:14.620>wanna <00:31:14.795>use <00:31:14.970>for <00:31:15.145>your <00:31:15.320>training <00:31:15.495>job.

730
00:31:19.255 --> 00:31:21.875
<00:31:19.255>You <00:31:19.395>need <00:31:19.535>to, <00:31:19.675>uh, <00:31:19.815>tell <00:31:19.955>it <00:31:20.095>where <00:31:20.235>the <00:31:20.375>training <00:31:20.515>data <00:31:20.655>is.

731
00:31:21.875 --> 00:31:23.555
<00:31:21.875>So <00:31:22.108>point <00:31:22.341>it <00:31:22.575>at <00:31:22.808>your <00:31:23.041>S3 <00:31:23.275>bucket.

732
00:31:23.895 --> 00:31:25.675
<00:31:23.895>And <00:31:24.022>really <00:31:24.149>what <00:31:24.276>you <00:31:24.404>wanna <00:31:24.531>do <00:31:24.658>is <00:31:24.785>you <00:31:24.913>wanna <00:31:25.040>give <00:31:25.167>it <00:31:25.295>training

733
00:31:25.735 --> 00:31:26.915
<00:31:25.735>and <00:31:26.265>validation <00:31:26.797>data.

734
00:31:27.015 --> 00:31:30.235
<00:31:27.015>So <00:31:27.170>normally <00:31:27.326>you <00:31:27.481>carve <00:31:27.637>off <00:31:27.792>80% <00:31:27.948>of <00:31:28.103>your <00:31:28.259>training <00:31:28.415>data,

735
00:31:30.335 --> 00:31:33.195
<00:31:30.335>of <00:31:30.510>your <00:31:30.685>data <00:31:30.860>for <00:31:31.035>training, <00:31:31.210>and <00:31:31.385>you <00:31:31.560>save <00:31:31.735>20%

736
00:31:33.335 --> 00:31:34.475
<00:31:33.335>and <00:31:33.591>you <00:31:33.848>use <00:31:34.104>that <00:31:34.360>afterwards,

737
00:31:34.735 --> 00:31:37.435
<00:31:34.735>and <00:31:34.890>it <00:31:35.046>tests <00:31:35.201>the <00:31:35.357>accuracy <00:31:35.512>of <00:31:35.668>the <00:31:35.823>model <00:31:35.979>on <00:31:36.135>that.

738
00:31:38.055 --> 00:31:40.035
<00:31:38.055>So <00:31:38.210>you <00:31:38.366>point <00:31:38.521>it <00:31:38.677>to <00:31:38.832>where <00:31:38.988>it <00:31:39.143>can <00:31:39.299>get <00:31:39.455>that.

739
00:31:40.095 --> 00:31:42.075
<00:31:40.095>And <00:31:40.295>I <00:31:40.495>use <00:31:40.695>the <00:31:40.895>output <00:31:41.095>from <00:31:41.295>ground <00:31:41.495>truth.

740
00:31:42.075 --> 00:31:43.595
<00:31:42.075>Ground <00:31:42.417>truth <00:31:42.759>creates <00:31:43.101>a <00:31:43.443>manifest

741
00:31:43.595 --> 00:31:45.155
<00:31:43.595>that's <00:31:43.770>got <00:31:43.945>all <00:31:44.120>the <00:31:44.295>labels <00:31:44.470>and <00:31:44.645>everything <00:31:44.820>you <00:31:44.995>need.

742
00:31:45.155 --> 00:31:47.835
<00:31:45.155>So <00:31:45.271>you <00:31:45.388>can <00:31:45.504>put <00:31:45.621>that <00:31:45.738>in, <00:31:45.855>you <00:31:45.971>tell <00:31:46.088>it <00:31:46.205>where <00:31:46.321>you <00:31:46.438>want <00:31:46.555>it

743
00:31:47.835 --> 00:31:50.155
<00:31:47.835>to <00:31:47.990>put <00:31:48.146>the <00:31:48.301>output, <00:31:48.457>and <00:31:48.612>then <00:31:48.768>you <00:31:48.923>kick <00:31:49.079>it <00:31:49.235>off.

744
00:31:50.735 --> 00:31:55.555
<00:31:50.735>And <00:31:50.862>so <00:31:50.989>if <00:31:51.116>I, <00:31:51.244>if <00:31:51.371>I <00:31:51.498>show <00:31:51.625>all <00:31:51.753>my <00:31:51.880>training <00:31:52.007>jobs <00:31:52.135>here,

745
00:31:55.765 --> 00:31:56.835
<00:31:55.765>let's <00:31:56.005>do <00:31:56.246>all <00:31:56.487>of <00:31:56.728>them.

746
00:31:57.095 --> 00:32:00.635
<00:31:57.095>And <00:31:57.250>scroll <00:31:57.406>down <00:31:57.561>to <00:31:57.717>the <00:31:57.872>beginning, <00:31:58.028>you'll <00:31:58.183>see <00:31:58.339>that <00:31:58.495>it,

747
00:32:01.135 --> 00:32:02.315
<00:32:01.135>it <00:32:01.400>took <00:32:01.666>me <00:32:01.931>seven <00:32:02.197>jobs

748
00:32:02.455 --> 00:32:04.675
<00:32:02.455>before <00:32:02.688>I <00:32:02.921>got <00:32:03.155>one <00:32:03.388>that <00:32:03.621>actually <00:32:03.855>completed

749
00:32:04.705 --> 00:32:07.915
<00:32:04.705>because <00:32:04.845>I <00:32:04.985>was, <00:32:05.125>I <00:32:05.264>was, <00:32:05.405>I <00:32:05.544>was <00:32:05.685>always <00:32:05.824>getting <00:32:05.965>something <00:32:06.105>wrong

750
00:32:08.015 --> 00:32:09.195
<00:32:08.015>or <00:32:08.280>missing <00:32:08.546>a <00:32:08.811>key <00:32:09.077>flag.

751
00:32:09.195 --> 00:32:13.995
<00:32:09.195>But <00:32:09.370>eventually, <00:32:09.544>eventually <00:32:09.720>I <00:32:09.895>got <00:32:10.070>one <00:32:10.245>that <00:32:10.419>worked. <00:32:10.595>Yay.

752
00:32:14.175 --> 00:32:17.555
<00:32:14.175>It <00:32:14.302>took <00:32:14.429>23 <00:32:14.556>minutes <00:32:14.684>for <00:32:14.811>this, <00:32:14.938>uh, <00:32:15.065>first <00:32:15.193>training <00:32:15.320>job <00:32:15.447>I <00:32:15.575>had,

753
00:32:17.735 --> 00:32:19.875
<00:32:17.735>uh, <00:32:17.935>300 <00:32:18.135>and <00:32:18.334>I <00:32:18.534>think <00:32:18.735>60 <00:32:18.935>some <00:32:19.135>images.

754
00:32:21.145 --> 00:32:24.285
<00:32:21.145>So <00:32:21.285>once <00:32:21.425>you <00:32:21.565>have <00:32:21.705>your <00:32:21.845>model <00:32:21.985>trained, <00:32:22.125>uh, <00:32:22.264>then <00:32:22.405>it's <00:32:22.545>time

755
00:32:24.305 --> 00:32:26.085
<00:32:24.305>to <00:32:24.771>actually <00:32:25.238>deploy <00:32:25.705>it.

756
00:32:26.305 --> 00:32:29.285
<00:32:26.305>And <00:32:26.421>so <00:32:26.538>to <00:32:26.655>do <00:32:26.771>that <00:32:26.888>in <00:32:27.005>SageMaker, <00:32:27.121>uh, <00:32:27.238>if <00:32:27.355>I <00:32:27.471>go <00:32:27.588>down <00:32:27.705>to

757
00:32:29.915 --> 00:32:31.805
<00:32:29.915>inference, <00:32:30.615>I <00:32:31.315>need

758
00:32:31.845 --> 00:32:34.165
<00:32:31.845>to <00:32:32.000>first <00:32:32.156>take <00:32:32.311>my <00:32:32.467>training <00:32:32.622>job <00:32:32.778>and <00:32:32.933>create <00:32:33.089>a <00:32:33.245>model.

759
00:32:34.185 --> 00:32:37.525
<00:32:34.185>So <00:32:34.292>if <00:32:34.400>I <00:32:34.508>click <00:32:34.615>on <00:32:34.723>that <00:32:34.831>training <00:32:34.938>job, <00:32:35.046>I <00:32:35.154>can, <00:32:35.261>uh, <00:32:35.369>click <00:32:35.477>up <00:32:35.585>here

760
00:32:37.525 --> 00:32:38.765
<00:32:37.525>to <00:32:37.804>create <00:32:38.083>a <00:32:38.362>model <00:32:38.641>package.

761
00:32:39.305 --> 00:32:41.725
<00:32:39.305>And <00:32:39.460>so <00:32:39.616>if <00:32:39.771>I <00:32:39.927>go <00:32:40.082>to <00:32:40.238>models <00:32:40.393>in <00:32:40.549>the <00:32:40.705>ui,

762
00:32:41.725 --> 00:32:43.885
<00:32:41.725>you'll <00:32:41.958>see <00:32:42.191>I've <00:32:42.425>got <00:32:42.658>several <00:32:42.891>models, <00:32:43.125>uh,

763
00:32:43.885 --> 00:32:46.605
<00:32:43.885>three <00:32:44.060>different <00:32:44.235>models <00:32:44.410>in <00:32:44.585>there, <00:32:44.760>um, <00:32:44.935>that <00:32:45.110>I <00:32:45.285>created.

764
00:32:46.905 --> 00:32:49.525
<00:32:46.905>So <00:32:47.060>you <00:32:47.216>create <00:32:47.371>a <00:32:47.527>model <00:32:47.682>from <00:32:47.838>the <00:32:47.993>successful <00:32:48.149>training <00:32:48.305>job,

765
00:32:49.995 --> 00:32:52.685
<00:32:49.995>then <00:32:50.195>you <00:32:50.395>need <00:32:50.594>to <00:32:50.794>create <00:32:50.995>an <00:32:51.195>endpoint <00:32:51.395>configuration,

766
00:32:53.465 --> 00:32:55.805
<00:32:53.465>and <00:32:53.620>then <00:32:53.776>you <00:32:53.931>actually <00:32:54.087>set <00:32:54.242>up <00:32:54.398>an <00:32:54.553>endpoint, <00:32:54.709>which <00:32:54.865>is

767
00:32:55.805 --> 00:32:58.645
<00:32:55.805>where <00:32:56.005>you're <00:32:56.205>actually <00:32:56.405>hosting, <00:32:56.605>um, <00:32:56.805>hosting <00:32:57.005>the <00:32:57.205>endpoint

768
00:32:58.645 --> 00:33:00.045
<00:32:58.645>that <00:32:58.960>you'll <00:32:59.275>call <00:32:59.590>for <00:32:59.905>inference.

769
00:33:01.055 --> 00:33:03.955
<00:33:01.055>So <00:33:01.255>let's <00:33:01.455>actually <00:33:01.655>now <00:33:01.855>go <00:33:02.055>back <00:33:02.255>to <00:33:02.455>PowerPoint

770
00:33:04.055 --> 00:33:05.635
<00:33:04.055>and <00:33:04.335>see <00:33:04.615>what <00:33:04.895>this <00:33:05.175>looked <00:33:05.455>like.

771
00:33:09.265 --> 00:33:11.355
<00:33:09.265>Okay, <00:33:09.615>so <00:33:09.965>we <00:33:10.315>did <00:33:10.665>training,

772
00:33:14.545 --> 00:33:16.355
<00:33:14.545>deploying, <00:33:14.778>I <00:33:15.011>talked <00:33:15.245>to <00:33:15.478>you <00:33:15.711>about <00:33:15.945>SageMaker.

773
00:33:16.355 --> 00:33:17.875
<00:33:16.355>Makes <00:33:16.628>it <00:33:16.902>really <00:33:17.175>easy. <00:33:17.449>That's <00:33:17.723>honestly,

774
00:33:17.875 --> 00:33:19.115
<00:33:17.875>that <00:33:18.034>was <00:33:18.193>the <00:33:18.353>whole <00:33:18.512>easiest <00:33:18.672>part <00:33:18.831>of <00:33:18.991>it.

775
00:33:19.115 --> 00:33:21.995
<00:33:19.115>Just <00:33:19.290>setting <00:33:19.465>up <00:33:19.640>that <00:33:19.815>endpoint <00:33:19.990>configuration <00:33:20.165>takes <00:33:20.340>a <00:33:20.515>few

776
00:33:21.995 --> 00:33:23.835
<00:33:21.995>minutes <00:33:22.195>for <00:33:22.395>the <00:33:22.594>hosted <00:33:22.794>endpoint <00:33:22.995>to <00:33:23.195>be <00:33:23.395>created,

777
00:33:24.255 --> 00:33:26.235
<00:33:24.255>and <00:33:24.430>then <00:33:24.605>you <00:33:24.780>can <00:33:24.955>start <00:33:25.130>passing <00:33:25.305>images <00:33:25.480>to <00:33:25.655>it

778
00:33:26.235 --> 00:33:28.355
<00:33:26.235>and <00:33:26.435>getting, <00:33:26.635>hopefully <00:33:26.834>getting <00:33:27.034>the <00:33:27.235>right <00:33:27.435>classes <00:33:27.635>back.

779
00:33:29.855 --> 00:33:31.275
<00:33:29.855>And <00:33:30.037>then <00:33:30.220>I <00:33:30.402>mentioned <00:33:30.585>to <00:33:30.767>you, <00:33:30.950>I <00:33:31.133>wanted

780
00:33:31.275 --> 00:33:33.595
<00:33:31.275>to <00:33:31.415>build <00:33:31.555>something <00:33:31.695>pretty <00:33:31.835>to, <00:33:31.975>to <00:33:32.115>show <00:33:32.255>it <00:33:32.395>off, <00:33:32.535>you <00:33:32.675>know,

781
00:33:33.595 --> 00:33:35.195
<00:33:33.595>to <00:33:33.795>have <00:33:33.995>a <00:33:34.195>little <00:33:34.395>web <00:33:34.595>web <00:33:34.795>front <00:33:34.995>end

782
00:33:35.195 --> 00:33:36.835
<00:33:35.195>because <00:33:35.370>I <00:33:35.544>wanted <00:33:35.720>to <00:33:35.895>of <00:33:36.070>course <00:33:36.245>give <00:33:36.419>this <00:33:36.595>talk

783
00:33:36.835 --> 00:33:37.955
<00:33:36.835>at <00:33:37.171>meetups <00:33:37.507>and <00:33:37.842>conferences.

784
00:33:38.375 --> 00:33:40.075
<00:33:38.375>Um, <00:33:38.550>and <00:33:38.725>so <00:33:38.900>I <00:33:39.075>wanted <00:33:39.250>a <00:33:39.425>web <00:33:39.600>front <00:33:39.775>end.

785
00:33:40.075 --> 00:33:42.435
<00:33:40.075>And <00:33:40.250>so <00:33:40.425>one <00:33:40.600>of <00:33:40.775>my, <00:33:40.950>uh, <00:33:41.125>developer <00:33:41.300>advocate <00:33:41.475>colleagues,

786
00:33:42.435 --> 00:33:43.595
<00:33:42.435>Gabe <00:33:42.956>Holby, <00:33:43.479>um,

787
00:33:43.595 --> 00:33:46.475
<00:33:43.595>shared <00:33:43.750>a <00:33:43.906>little <00:33:44.061>React <00:33:44.217>web <00:33:44.372>app, <00:33:44.528>uh, <00:33:44.683>that <00:33:44.839>he <00:33:44.995>built.

788
00:33:46.615 --> 00:33:47.675
<00:33:46.615>And <00:33:46.805>so <00:33:46.996>I <00:33:47.187>got <00:33:47.378>that <00:33:47.569>running.

789
00:33:47.975 --> 00:33:49.835
<00:33:47.975>Uh, <00:33:48.130>the <00:33:48.286>only <00:33:48.441>tricky <00:33:48.597>bit <00:33:48.752>you <00:33:48.908>need <00:33:49.063>to <00:33:49.219>know <00:33:49.375>is

790
00:33:49.835 --> 00:33:52.275
<00:33:49.835>that <00:33:50.035>SageMaker <00:33:50.235>endpoints <00:33:50.435>aren't <00:33:50.635>exposed <00:33:50.835>to <00:33:51.035>the <00:33:51.235>public.

791
00:33:52.375 --> 00:33:54.075
<00:33:52.375>So <00:33:52.575>you <00:33:52.775>need <00:33:52.975>a <00:33:53.175>Lambda <00:33:53.375>function <00:33:53.575>in <00:33:53.775>there

792
00:33:54.095 --> 00:33:55.715
<00:33:54.095>as <00:33:54.561>the <00:33:55.028>inter <00:33:55.495>intermediary.

793
00:33:56.055 --> 00:33:57.995
<00:33:56.055>Um, <00:33:56.255>and <00:33:56.455>we <00:33:56.655>have <00:33:56.855>a <00:33:57.055>blog <00:33:57.255>post, <00:33:57.455>uh,

794
00:33:57.995 --> 00:34:00.075
<00:33:57.995>on <00:33:58.195>the <00:33:58.395>AWS <00:33:58.594>blog <00:33:58.794>about <00:33:58.995>using <00:33:59.195>API <00:33:59.395>gateway

795
00:34:00.135 --> 00:34:01.275
<00:34:00.135>and <00:34:00.391>lambda <00:34:00.648>to <00:34:00.904>do <00:34:01.161>this.

796
00:34:01.775 --> 00:34:02.955
<00:34:01.775>But <00:34:01.952>once <00:34:02.129>you <00:34:02.306>get <00:34:02.483>that <00:34:02.659>set <00:34:02.837>up,

797
00:34:03.075 --> 00:34:04.675
<00:34:03.075>I <00:34:03.308>fired <00:34:03.541>up <00:34:03.775>the <00:34:04.008>little <00:34:04.241>React <00:34:04.475>app,

798
00:34:05.115 --> 00:34:06.835
<00:34:05.115>I <00:34:05.395>pointed <00:34:05.675>it <00:34:05.955>at <00:34:06.235>my <00:34:06.515>endpoint,

799
00:34:07.255 --> 00:34:10.355
<00:34:07.255>and <00:34:07.430>I <00:34:07.605>dragged <00:34:07.780>in <00:34:07.955>the <00:34:08.130>first <00:34:08.305>image <00:34:08.480>a <00:34:08.655>closeup

800
00:34:10.375 --> 00:34:11.555
<00:34:10.375>of <00:34:10.728>stocking <00:34:11.083>net <00:34:11.437>stitch.

801
00:34:12.255 --> 00:34:15.805
<00:34:12.255>And <00:34:12.488>oh <00:34:12.721>my <00:34:12.955>God, <00:34:13.188>stocking <00:34:13.421>net <00:34:13.655>stitch.

802
00:34:15.915 --> 00:34:16.965
<00:34:15.915>This <00:34:16.230>is <00:34:16.545>actually <00:34:16.860>correct.

803
00:34:17.395 --> 00:34:19.925
<00:34:17.395>I've, <00:34:17.570>I've <00:34:17.745>cracked <00:34:17.920>machine <00:34:18.094>learning <00:34:18.270>on <00:34:18.445>my <00:34:18.620>first <00:34:18.795>try.

804
00:34:19.925 --> 00:34:23.085
<00:34:19.925>Where's <00:34:20.065>my <00:34:20.205>PhD? <00:34:20.345>I <00:34:20.485>thought <00:34:20.625>maybe <00:34:20.765>I'd <00:34:20.905>drag <00:34:21.045>in <00:34:21.185>just <00:34:21.325>another

805
00:34:23.095 --> 00:34:24.165
<00:34:23.094>image <00:34:23.335>just <00:34:23.576>to <00:34:23.817>be <00:34:24.058>sure.

806
00:34:25.105 --> 00:34:28.125
<00:34:25.105>Uh, <00:34:25.260>that's <00:34:25.416>not <00:34:25.571>stuck <00:34:25.727>in <00:34:25.882>net <00:34:26.038>stitch. <00:34:26.193>That's <00:34:26.349>garter <00:34:26.505>stitch.

807
00:34:29.105 --> 00:34:30.325
<00:34:29.105>That's, <00:34:29.471>that's <00:34:29.837>not <00:34:30.203>good.

808
00:34:30.745 --> 00:34:33.875
<00:34:30.745>Um, <00:34:30.900>all <00:34:31.056>right, <00:34:31.211>well, <00:34:31.367>uh, <00:34:31.522>how <00:34:31.678>about <00:34:31.833>another <00:34:31.989>one <00:34:32.145>that,

809
00:34:34.015 --> 00:34:36.755
<00:34:34.014>that's <00:34:34.295>not <00:34:34.574>even <00:34:34.855>knitting, <00:34:35.134>that's <00:34:35.415>crochet.

810
00:34:36.755 --> 00:34:38.195
<00:34:36.755>That's <00:34:36.971>where <00:34:37.187>you <00:34:37.403>use <00:34:37.619>a <00:34:37.835>single <00:34:38.051>hook.

811
00:34:38.265 --> 00:34:40.835
<00:34:38.264>It's <00:34:38.464>a <00:34:38.665>totally <00:34:38.864>different <00:34:39.065>craft. <00:34:39.264>That's <00:34:39.464>not <00:34:39.665>good.

812
00:34:41.135 --> 00:34:42.355
<00:34:41.135>So <00:34:41.354>by <00:34:41.574>now, <00:34:41.793>I, <00:34:42.013>I <00:34:42.233>sort

813
00:34:42.355 --> 00:34:44.555
<00:34:42.355>of <00:34:42.510>was <00:34:42.666>having <00:34:42.821>a <00:34:42.977>very <00:34:43.132>sinking <00:34:43.288>feeling <00:34:43.443>in <00:34:43.599>my <00:34:43.755>stomach.

814
00:34:44.795 --> 00:34:48.785
<00:34:44.795>I <00:34:44.970>dragged <00:34:45.145>in <00:34:45.320>one <00:34:45.495>more <00:34:45.670>image. <00:34:45.845>That's <00:34:46.020>a <00:34:46.195>cat.

815
00:34:49.365 --> 00:34:51.385
<00:34:49.364>That's, <00:34:49.520>that's <00:34:49.676>not <00:34:49.831>a <00:34:49.987>knitting <00:34:50.142>at <00:34:50.298>all. <00:34:50.453>That's <00:34:50.609>a <00:34:50.764>cat.

816
00:34:52.005 --> 00:34:53.265
<00:34:52.005>So <00:34:52.382>cancel <00:34:52.761>the <00:34:53.139>PhD.

817
00:34:54.125 --> 00:34:55.665
<00:34:54.125>Uh, <00:34:54.355>it <00:34:54.587>turns <00:34:54.818>out <00:34:55.049>this <00:34:55.279>is <00:34:55.511>often

818
00:34:55.725 --> 00:34:56.945
<00:34:55.725>the <00:34:55.999>case <00:34:56.274>with <00:34:56.548>machine <00:34:56.823>learning.

819
00:34:57.165 --> 00:34:59.425
<00:34:57.165>It <00:34:57.398>is <00:34:57.631>extremely <00:34:57.865>unlikely <00:34:58.098>you <00:34:58.331>hit <00:34:58.565>the

820
00:34:59.425 --> 00:35:00.705
<00:34:59.425>jackpot <00:34:59.713>on <00:35:00.001>your <00:35:00.289>first <00:35:00.577>go.

821
00:35:01.365 --> 00:35:02.905
<00:35:01.365>So <00:35:01.596>I <00:35:01.827>went <00:35:02.058>digging <00:35:02.289>in <00:35:02.520>my <00:35:02.751>logs

822
00:35:02.905 --> 00:35:06.985
<00:35:02.905>and <00:35:03.060>I <00:35:03.216>found <00:35:03.371>that <00:35:03.527>my <00:35:03.682>validation <00:35:03.838>accuracy <00:35:03.993>was <00:35:04.149>45% <00:35:04.305>actually

823
00:35:06.985 --> 00:35:08.425
<00:35:06.985>worse <00:35:07.309>than <00:35:07.633>a <00:35:07.957>coin <00:35:08.281>flip.

824
00:35:09.085 --> 00:35:10.545
<00:35:09.085>Um, <00:35:09.272>so <00:35:09.460>it <00:35:09.648>was <00:35:09.835>time <00:35:10.023>to <00:35:10.211>go <00:35:10.399>back

825
00:35:10.545 --> 00:35:12.865
<00:35:10.545>to <00:35:10.825>data <00:35:11.105>cleaning <00:35:11.385>and <00:35:11.665>more <00:35:11.945>training.

826
00:35:13.205 --> 00:35:16.225
<00:35:13.205>And <00:35:13.321>I <00:35:13.438>ended <00:35:13.555>up <00:35:13.671>running, <00:35:13.788>as <00:35:13.904>you <00:35:14.021>saw, <00:35:14.138>a <00:35:14.255>lot <00:35:14.371>of <00:35:14.488>training <00:35:14.605>jobs,

827
00:35:16.295 --> 00:35:19.065
<00:35:16.295>more <00:35:16.528>than <00:35:16.761>15 <00:35:16.995>different <00:35:17.228>training <00:35:17.461>jobs, <00:35:17.695>trying

828
00:35:19.065 --> 00:35:20.425
<00:35:19.065>to <00:35:19.371>find <00:35:19.677>the <00:35:19.983>magic <00:35:20.289>combination

829
00:35:20.425 --> 00:35:21.785
<00:35:20.425>that <00:35:20.629>would <00:35:20.833>give <00:35:21.037>me <00:35:21.241>the <00:35:21.444>best <00:35:21.649>result.

830
00:35:22.875 --> 00:35:24.975
<00:35:22.875>So <00:35:23.075>to <00:35:23.275>minimize <00:35:23.475>the <00:35:23.675>effects <00:35:23.875>of <00:35:24.075>image <00:35:24.275>size

831
00:35:24.995 --> 00:35:27.815
<00:35:24.995>and <00:35:25.134>color, <00:35:25.275>um, <00:35:25.415>I <00:35:25.555>cropped <00:35:25.694>them <00:35:25.835>all <00:35:25.975>to <00:35:26.115>a <00:35:26.255>fixed <00:35:26.395>size

832
00:35:27.835 --> 00:35:30.175
<00:35:27.835>and <00:35:28.010>I <00:35:28.185>made <00:35:28.360>them <00:35:28.535>gray <00:35:28.710>scale <00:35:28.885>instead <00:35:29.060>of <00:35:29.235>color.

833
00:35:30.555 --> 00:35:33.695
<00:35:30.555>Uh, <00:35:30.754>I <00:35:30.955>also <00:35:31.154>rotated <00:35:31.355>each <00:35:31.555>image <00:35:31.754>90 <00:35:31.955>degrees,

834
00:35:33.695 --> 00:35:35.695
<00:35:33.695>which <00:35:33.850>is <00:35:34.006>a <00:35:34.161>neat <00:35:34.317>trick <00:35:34.472>because <00:35:34.628>it <00:35:34.783>doubles <00:35:34.939>the <00:35:35.095>size

835
00:35:35.695 --> 00:35:36.695
<00:35:35.695>of <00:35:35.920>your <00:35:36.145>training <00:35:36.370>data <00:35:36.595>set.

836
00:35:36.695 --> 00:35:39.245
<00:35:36.695>It <00:35:36.822>meant <00:35:36.949>I <00:35:37.076>had <00:35:37.204>a <00:35:37.331>lot <00:35:37.458>more <00:35:37.585>images <00:35:37.713>just <00:35:37.840>by <00:35:37.967>rotating <00:35:38.095>them.

837
00:35:39.945 --> 00:35:41.885
<00:35:39.945>Um, <00:35:40.225>I <00:35:40.505>also <00:35:40.785>added <00:35:41.065>in <00:35:41.345>clutter.

838
00:35:41.885 --> 00:35:43.205
<00:35:41.885>This <00:35:42.122>was <00:35:42.360>something <00:35:42.597>I <00:35:42.835>learned <00:35:43.073>about.

839
00:35:43.665 --> 00:35:47.005
<00:35:43.665>Uh, <00:35:43.792>the <00:35:43.919>idea <00:35:44.046>is <00:35:44.174>if <00:35:44.301>you <00:35:44.428>train <00:35:44.555>the <00:35:44.683>model <00:35:44.810>on <00:35:44.937>all <00:35:45.065>images

840
00:35:47.025 --> 00:35:48.925
<00:35:47.025>of <00:35:47.152>knitting <00:35:47.279>and <00:35:47.406>then <00:35:47.534>you <00:35:47.661>give <00:35:47.788>it <00:35:47.915>a <00:35:48.043>picture <00:35:48.170>of <00:35:48.297>a <00:35:48.425>cat,

841
00:35:49.235 --> 00:35:50.685
<00:35:49.235>it's <00:35:49.452>gonna <00:35:49.670>think <00:35:49.887>the <00:35:50.105>cat <00:35:50.322>as <00:35:50.540>knitting,

842
00:35:50.685 --> 00:35:52.045
<00:35:50.685>because <00:35:50.929>knitting <00:35:51.174>is <00:35:51.419>all <00:35:51.664>it <00:35:51.909>knows.

843
00:35:52.505 --> 00:35:55.085
<00:35:52.505>So <00:35:52.660>I <00:35:52.816>needed <00:35:52.971>to <00:35:53.127>add <00:35:53.282>in <00:35:53.438>images <00:35:53.593>of <00:35:53.749>other <00:35:53.905>stuff.

844
00:35:55.945 --> 00:35:58.605
<00:35:55.945>So <00:35:56.145>I, <00:35:56.345>I <00:35:56.545>added <00:35:56.745>in <00:35:56.945>dinosaurs <00:35:57.145>and <00:35:57.345>accordions

845
00:35:58.625 --> 00:36:01.845
<00:35:58.625>and <00:35:58.800>airplanes <00:35:58.975>just <00:35:59.150>to <00:35:59.325>provide <00:35:59.500>more <00:35:59.675>examples <00:35:59.850>of <00:36:00.025>things

846
00:36:01.845 --> 00:36:03.005
<00:36:01.845>that <00:36:02.366>weren't <00:36:02.889>knitting.

847
00:36:04.245 --> 00:36:07.285
<00:36:04.245>I <00:36:04.444>also <00:36:04.645>ran <00:36:04.845>a <00:36:05.045>hyper <00:36:05.245>parameter <00:36:05.444>tuning <00:36:05.645>job,

848
00:36:07.385 --> 00:36:09.405
<00:36:07.385>and <00:36:07.665>that <00:36:07.945>sounds <00:36:08.225>really, <00:36:08.505>really <00:36:08.785>fancy,

849
00:36:09.825 --> 00:36:12.845
<00:36:09.825>but <00:36:09.980>the <00:36:10.136>idea <00:36:10.291>is <00:36:10.447>instead <00:36:10.602>of <00:36:10.758>like <00:36:10.913>manually <00:36:11.069>trying <00:36:11.225>out

850
00:36:13.445 --> 00:36:14.485
<00:36:13.445>thousands <00:36:13.913>of <00:36:14.381>combinations

851
00:36:14.485 --> 00:36:17.445
<00:36:14.485>of <00:36:14.660>tweaking <00:36:14.835>all <00:36:15.010>those <00:36:15.185>hyper <00:36:15.360>parameters <00:36:15.535>in <00:36:15.710>a <00:36:15.885>machine

852
00:36:17.605 --> 00:36:19.245
<00:36:17.605>learning, <00:36:17.955>machine <00:36:18.305>learning <00:36:18.655>training <00:36:19.005>job,

853
00:36:19.725 --> 00:36:22.525
<00:36:19.725>SageMaker <00:36:19.865>makes <00:36:20.005>it <00:36:20.145>really <00:36:20.285>easy <00:36:20.424>and <00:36:20.565>it'll <00:36:20.705>do <00:36:20.845>it <00:36:20.985>for <00:36:21.125>you.

854
00:36:22.705 --> 00:36:24.885
<00:36:22.705>You <00:36:22.845>can <00:36:22.985>set <00:36:23.125>up <00:36:23.265>a <00:36:23.404>tuning <00:36:23.545>job <00:36:23.685>and <00:36:23.825>it <00:36:23.965>will <00:36:24.105>run

855
00:36:24.905 --> 00:36:26.805
<00:36:24.905>and <00:36:25.185>try <00:36:25.465>out <00:36:25.745>hundreds <00:36:26.025>of <00:36:26.305>combinations

856
00:36:27.265 --> 00:36:28.845
<00:36:27.265>and <00:36:27.498>find <00:36:27.731>the <00:36:27.964>one <00:36:28.198>that <00:36:28.431>works <00:36:28.665>best.

857
00:36:29.785 --> 00:36:30.805
<00:36:29.785>So <00:36:29.968>I <00:36:30.152>did <00:36:30.335>all <00:36:30.519>of <00:36:30.703>that.

858
00:36:30.885 --> 00:36:32.885
<00:36:30.885>I <00:36:31.060>cleaned <00:36:31.235>up <00:36:31.410>my <00:36:31.585>images, <00:36:31.760>I <00:36:31.935>added <00:36:32.110>in <00:36:32.285>clutter.

859
00:36:32.925 --> 00:36:34.565
<00:36:32.925>I <00:36:33.158>ran <00:36:33.391>a <00:36:33.625>hyper <00:36:33.858>parameter <00:36:34.091>tuning <00:36:34.325>job.

860
00:36:34.865 --> 00:36:37.565
<00:36:34.865>And <00:36:35.004>let <00:36:35.145>me <00:36:35.285>show <00:36:35.424>you <00:36:35.564>the <00:36:35.705>best <00:36:35.845>results <00:36:35.984>that <00:36:36.125>I <00:36:36.265>managed

861
00:36:37.565 --> 00:36:39.645
<00:36:37.565>to <00:36:37.915>get <00:36:38.265>back <00:36:38.615>in <00:36:38.965>2019.

862
00:36:41.635 --> 00:36:45.095
<00:36:41.635>So <00:36:41.762>I <00:36:41.889>have <00:36:42.016>here, <00:36:42.144>this <00:36:42.271>is <00:36:42.398>my <00:36:42.525>little <00:36:42.653>front <00:36:42.780>end <00:36:42.907>inference <00:36:43.035>app,

863
00:36:45.675 --> 00:36:49.255
<00:36:45.675>and <00:36:45.815>I <00:36:45.955>will <00:36:46.095>open <00:36:46.235>up, <00:36:46.375>I <00:36:46.515>have <00:36:46.655>here <00:36:46.795>some <00:36:46.935>test <00:36:47.075>images,

864
00:36:49.755 --> 00:36:54.575
<00:36:49.755>so <00:36:49.895>I'm <00:36:50.035>gonna <00:36:50.175>drag <00:36:50.315>in <00:36:50.455>a <00:36:50.595>stocking <00:36:50.735>stitch <00:36:50.875>image, <00:36:51.015>just <00:36:51.155>dragging

865
00:36:54.605 --> 00:36:56.595
<00:36:54.605>that <00:36:55.305>in <00:36:56.005>and

866
00:36:59.335 --> 00:37:00.695
<00:36:59.335>voila, <00:36:59.641>stuck <00:36:59.947>in <00:37:00.253>head <00:37:00.559>stitch.

867
00:37:01.355 --> 00:37:05.095
<00:37:01.355>Uh, <00:37:01.495>95%. <00:37:01.635>All <00:37:01.775>right, <00:37:01.915>let <00:37:02.055>me <00:37:02.195>drag <00:37:02.335>in <00:37:02.475>a <00:37:02.615>garter <00:37:02.755>stitch.

868
00:37:08.745 --> 00:37:09.805
<00:37:08.745>Not <00:37:08.983>stuck <00:37:09.221>in <00:37:09.460>head <00:37:09.698>stitch.

869
00:37:09.835 --> 00:37:11.565
<00:37:09.835>This <00:37:10.068>is <00:37:10.301>looking <00:37:10.535>much <00:37:10.768>better, <00:37:11.001>my <00:37:11.235>friends.

870
00:37:12.145 --> 00:37:14.085
<00:37:12.145>How <00:37:12.425>about, <00:37:12.705>how <00:37:12.985>about <00:37:13.265>the <00:37:13.545>crochet?

871
00:37:14.085 --> 00:37:15.685
<00:37:14.085>Let's <00:37:14.285>see <00:37:14.485>what <00:37:14.685>it <00:37:14.885>does <00:37:15.085>with <00:37:15.285>the <00:37:15.485>crochet.

872
00:37:16.845 --> 00:37:19.335
<00:37:16.845>Some <00:37:17.078>crochet <00:37:17.311>not <00:37:17.544>stuck <00:37:17.778>in <00:37:18.011>that <00:37:18.245>stitch.

873
00:37:19.755 --> 00:37:23.665
<00:37:19.755>And <00:37:19.955>of <00:37:20.155>course, <00:37:20.355>our <00:37:20.555>friend, <00:37:20.755>we <00:37:20.955>now <00:37:21.155>know

874
00:37:23.665 --> 00:37:24.865
<00:37:23.665>that <00:37:23.881>the <00:37:24.096>cat <00:37:24.312>is <00:37:24.529>not <00:37:24.745>knitting.

875
00:37:24.865 --> 00:37:26.385
<00:37:24.865>So <00:37:25.207>my <00:37:25.549>clutter <00:37:25.891>worked. <00:37:26.233>Uh,

876
00:37:26.385 --> 00:37:28.105
<00:37:26.385>it's <00:37:26.560>not <00:37:26.735>just <00:37:26.910>black <00:37:27.085>and <00:37:27.260>white <00:37:27.435>images <00:37:27.610>as <00:37:27.785>well.

877
00:37:28.125 --> 00:37:30.225
<00:37:28.125>So <00:37:28.252>when <00:37:28.379>I <00:37:28.506>did <00:37:28.634>this <00:37:28.761>at <00:37:28.888>a <00:37:29.015>conference, <00:37:29.143>I <00:37:29.270>actually <00:37:29.397>went <00:37:29.525>around

878
00:37:30.225 --> 00:37:31.865
<00:37:30.225>and <00:37:30.505>took <00:37:30.785>pictures <00:37:31.065>of <00:37:31.345>people's <00:37:31.625>jumpers.

879
00:37:31.865 --> 00:37:34.105
<00:37:31.865>So <00:37:32.020>I <00:37:32.176>can <00:37:32.331>show <00:37:32.487>you <00:37:32.642>with <00:37:32.798>some <00:37:32.953>real <00:37:33.109>closeups <00:37:33.265>taken

880
00:37:34.135 --> 00:37:35.825
<00:37:34.135>with <00:37:34.415>my <00:37:34.695>phone <00:37:34.975>of <00:37:35.255>people's <00:37:35.535>sweaters.

881
00:37:36.205 --> 00:37:38.065
<00:37:36.205>So <00:37:36.404>I'll <00:37:36.605>just <00:37:36.805>drag <00:37:37.005>a <00:37:37.205>few <00:37:37.404>in <00:37:37.605>here.

882
00:37:41.485 --> 00:37:43.185
<00:37:41.485>So <00:37:41.835>Ben's <00:37:42.185>jumper <00:37:42.535>there, <00:37:42.885>uh,

883
00:37:43.185 --> 00:37:44.665
<00:37:43.185>that <00:37:43.375>first <00:37:43.565>one <00:37:43.755>is <00:37:43.946>not <00:37:44.136>stuck <00:37:44.326>in <00:37:44.517>it.

884
00:37:44.665 --> 00:37:47.385
<00:37:44.665>That's <00:37:44.805>correct. <00:37:44.945>This <00:37:45.085>one <00:37:45.225>with <00:37:45.365>the <00:37:45.505>snowflake <00:37:45.645>is <00:37:45.785>stuck <00:37:45.925>in <00:37:46.065>it,

885
00:37:47.385 --> 00:37:48.905
<00:37:47.385>but <00:37:47.658>it <00:37:47.932>was <00:37:48.205>only <00:37:48.479>50% <00:37:48.753>accurate,

886
00:37:48.905 --> 00:37:51.465
<00:37:48.905>so <00:37:49.105>it <00:37:49.305>wasn't <00:37:49.505>quite <00:37:49.705>sure <00:37:49.905>on <00:37:50.105>that <00:37:50.305>one.

887
00:37:52.085 --> 00:37:55.025
<00:37:52.085>Um, <00:37:52.225>this <00:37:52.365>is <00:37:52.505>one <00:37:52.645>of <00:37:52.785>my <00:37:52.925>own <00:37:53.065>jumpers <00:37:53.205>that's <00:37:53.345>stuck <00:37:53.485>in

888
00:37:55.025 --> 00:37:57.425
<00:37:55.025>that <00:37:55.165>stitch <00:37:55.305>and <00:37:55.445>it <00:37:55.585>comes <00:37:55.725>up <00:37:55.865>as <00:37:56.005>stuck <00:37:56.145>in <00:37:56.285>that <00:37:56.425>stitch.

889
00:37:57.845 --> 00:37:59.105
<00:37:57.845>The <00:37:58.071>one <00:37:58.298>that <00:37:58.525>it <00:37:58.752>gets <00:37:58.979>wrong

890
00:37:59.105 --> 00:38:00.465
<00:37:59.105>reliably, <00:37:59.349>it's <00:37:59.594>not <00:37:59.839>a <00:38:00.084>hundred <00:38:00.329>percent.

891
00:38:00.485 --> 00:38:02.825
<00:38:00.485>The <00:38:00.660>one <00:38:00.835>that <00:38:01.010>gets <00:38:01.185>wrong <00:38:01.360>reliably <00:38:01.535>is <00:38:01.710>this <00:38:01.885>one.

892
00:38:02.825 --> 00:38:04.665
<00:38:02.825>This <00:38:03.105>girl <00:38:03.384>Paulina <00:38:03.665>had <00:38:03.944>a <00:38:04.225>jumper.

893
00:38:05.365 --> 00:38:06.985
<00:38:05.365>It <00:38:05.598>thinks <00:38:05.831>as <00:38:06.064>stuck <00:38:06.298>in <00:38:06.531>net <00:38:06.765>stitch.

894
00:38:07.085 --> 00:38:09.465
<00:38:07.085>And, <00:38:07.201>and <00:38:07.318>I <00:38:07.435>can <00:38:07.551>kind <00:38:07.668>of <00:38:07.785>see <00:38:07.901>why <00:38:08.018>stuck <00:38:08.135>in <00:38:08.251>net <00:38:08.368>stitch <00:38:08.485>results

895
00:38:09.465 --> 00:38:11.185
<00:38:09.465>in <00:38:09.745>these <00:38:10.025>sort <00:38:10.305>of <00:38:10.585>characteristic <00:38:10.865>vs.

896
00:38:11.765 --> 00:38:14.385
<00:38:11.765>Um, <00:38:11.940>and <00:38:12.115>you <00:38:12.290>can <00:38:12.464>see <00:38:12.640>that <00:38:12.815>in <00:38:12.990>that <00:38:13.165>image

897
00:38:14.525 --> 00:38:15.665
<00:38:14.525>and <00:38:14.730>that's <00:38:14.935>why <00:38:15.140>it's <00:38:15.345>tricking <00:38:15.551>it.

898
00:38:15.705 --> 00:38:17.585
<00:38:15.705>I <00:38:15.904>don't <00:38:16.105>actually <00:38:16.305>know <00:38:16.505>what <00:38:16.705>Stitcher <00:38:16.904>jumper <00:38:17.105>was.

899
00:38:17.585 --> 00:38:20.505
<00:38:17.585>Some <00:38:17.760>sort <00:38:17.935>of <00:38:18.110>some <00:38:18.285>sort <00:38:18.460>of <00:38:18.635>interesting, <00:38:18.810>uh, <00:38:18.985>brioche

900
00:38:20.505 --> 00:38:22.425
<00:38:20.505>or <00:38:20.738>something, <00:38:20.971>but <00:38:21.205>not <00:38:21.438>stuck <00:38:21.671>in <00:38:21.905>it.

901
00:38:22.425 --> 00:38:25.905
<00:38:22.425>So <00:38:22.552>it's <00:38:22.679>not <00:38:22.806>a <00:38:22.934>hundred <00:38:23.061>percent, <00:38:23.188>but <00:38:23.315>it <00:38:23.443>is <00:38:23.570>pretty <00:38:23.697>darn <00:38:23.825>good.

902
00:38:30.485 --> 00:38:34.225
<00:38:30.485>And <00:38:30.625>so, <00:38:30.765>uh, <00:38:30.905>I <00:38:31.045>will <00:38:31.185>show <00:38:31.325>you <00:38:31.465>my <00:38:31.605>stats <00:38:31.745>here <00:38:31.885>now,

903
00:38:37.125 --> 00:38:38.465
<00:38:37.125>now <00:38:37.728>going <00:38:38.331>after,

904
00:38:38.635 --> 00:38:42.305
<00:38:38.635>after <00:38:38.790>adding <00:38:38.946>in <00:38:39.101>all <00:38:39.257>those <00:38:39.412>uh, <00:38:39.568>images, <00:38:39.723>cleaning <00:38:39.879>them <00:38:40.035>up,

905
00:38:42.665 --> 00:38:45.065
<00:38:42.665>rotating <00:38:42.945>them <00:38:43.225>with <00:38:43.505>hyper <00:38:43.785>parameter <00:38:44.065>optimization,

906
00:38:45.085 --> 00:38:48.465
<00:38:45.085>my <00:38:45.260>validation <00:38:45.435>accuracy <00:38:45.610>is <00:38:45.785>now <00:38:45.960>up <00:38:46.135>to <00:38:46.310>nearly <00:38:46.485>95%,

907
00:38:48.835 --> 00:38:50.905
<00:38:48.835>which <00:38:49.115>I <00:38:49.395>was <00:38:49.675>thrilled <00:38:49.955>with <00:38:50.235>considering

908
00:38:51.465 --> 00:38:52.865
<00:38:51.465>I <00:38:51.675>am <00:38:51.885>a <00:38:52.095>complete <00:38:52.305>newbie <00:38:52.515>at <00:38:52.725>this.

909
00:38:53.365 --> 00:38:55.905
<00:38:53.365>Uh, <00:38:53.520>so <00:38:53.676>this <00:38:53.831>is <00:38:53.987>where <00:38:54.142>I <00:38:54.298>stopped <00:38:54.453>back <00:38:54.609>in <00:38:54.765>2019.

910
00:38:56.105 --> 00:38:57.225
<00:38:56.105>I <00:38:56.357>was <00:38:56.609>like, <00:38:56.861>great. <00:38:57.113>Yes.

911
00:38:57.725 --> 00:38:59.945
<00:38:57.725>Hey, <00:38:57.880>I've, <00:38:58.036>I've <00:38:58.191>kind <00:38:58.347>of <00:38:58.502>proved <00:38:58.658>I <00:38:58.813>can <00:38:58.969>tell <00:38:59.125>stock

912
00:38:59.945 --> 00:39:03.185
<00:38:59.945>and <00:39:00.145>net <00:39:00.345>Stitcher <00:39:00.545>not, <00:39:00.745>but <00:39:00.945>as <00:39:01.145>you <00:39:01.345>know,

913
00:39:03.305 --> 00:39:05.025
<00:39:03.305>AWS <00:39:03.771>is <00:39:04.238>always <00:39:04.705>innovating.

914
00:39:05.205 --> 00:39:06.665
<00:39:05.205>And <00:39:05.643>literally <00:39:06.081>a <00:39:06.519>month

915
00:39:06.715 --> 00:39:10.225
<00:39:06.715>after <00:39:06.890>I <00:39:07.065>finished <00:39:07.240>this <00:39:07.415>project, <00:39:07.590>we <00:39:07.765>announced <00:39:07.940>the <00:39:08.115>availability

916
00:39:10.225 --> 00:39:12.385
<00:39:10.225>of <00:39:10.691>recognition <00:39:11.158>custom <00:39:11.625>labels.

917
00:39:12.925 --> 00:39:15.585
<00:39:12.925>So <00:39:13.065>recognition <00:39:13.205>is <00:39:13.345>one <00:39:13.485>of <00:39:13.625>those <00:39:13.765>services <00:39:13.905>at <00:39:14.045>the <00:39:14.185>top <00:39:14.325>level.

918
00:39:15.655 --> 00:39:17.225
<00:39:15.655>It's <00:39:15.935>one <00:39:16.215>of <00:39:16.495>our <00:39:16.775>ai, <00:39:17.055>uh,

919
00:39:17.265 --> 00:39:20.105
<00:39:17.265>prebuilt <00:39:17.420>AI <00:39:17.576>services <00:39:17.731>at <00:39:17.887>the <00:39:18.042>top <00:39:18.198>layer <00:39:18.353>of <00:39:18.509>the <00:39:18.665>stack

920
00:39:20.405 --> 00:39:22.065
<00:39:20.405>and <00:39:20.605>out <00:39:20.805>of <00:39:21.005>the <00:39:21.205>box, <00:39:21.405>it <00:39:21.605>allows <00:39:21.805>you

921
00:39:22.065 --> 00:39:25.545
<00:39:22.065>to <00:39:22.265>identify <00:39:22.465>common <00:39:22.665>objects, <00:39:22.865>you <00:39:23.065>know, <00:39:23.265>celebrities, <00:39:23.465>texts,

922
00:39:25.545 --> 00:39:27.265
<00:39:25.545>scenes <00:39:25.825>activities <00:39:26.105>and <00:39:26.385>images <00:39:26.665>and <00:39:26.945>video.

923
00:39:27.325 --> 00:39:30.545
<00:39:27.325>It <00:39:27.500>just <00:39:27.674>works. <00:39:27.850>Um, <00:39:28.024>but <00:39:28.200>it <00:39:28.375>doesn't <00:39:28.549>recognize <00:39:28.725>knitting.

924
00:39:30.545 --> 00:39:33.185
<00:39:30.545>Of <00:39:30.700>course, <00:39:30.856>there's <00:39:31.011>various <00:39:31.167>domains <00:39:31.322>it <00:39:31.478>doesn't <00:39:31.633>have <00:39:31.789>built <00:39:31.945>in.

925
00:39:33.645 --> 00:39:35.065
<00:39:33.645>So <00:39:34.071>with <00:39:34.497>custom <00:39:34.923>labels,

926
00:39:35.245 --> 00:39:37.985
<00:39:35.245>you <00:39:35.420>can <00:39:35.595>now <00:39:35.770>build <00:39:35.944>your <00:39:36.120>own <00:39:36.295>specialized <00:39:36.470>image <00:39:36.645>analysis

927
00:39:37.985 --> 00:39:41.185
<00:39:37.985>capabilities <00:39:38.265>to <00:39:38.545>detect, <00:39:38.825>uh, <00:39:39.105>specific <00:39:39.385>images

928
00:39:41.325 --> 00:39:42.505
<00:39:41.325>for <00:39:41.679>your <00:39:42.033>use <00:39:42.387>case.

929
00:39:43.005 --> 00:39:44.865
<00:39:43.005>And <00:39:43.160>you <00:39:43.316>don't <00:39:43.471>have <00:39:43.627>to <00:39:43.782>train <00:39:43.938>a <00:39:44.093>model <00:39:44.249>from <00:39:44.405>scratch.

930
00:39:45.045 --> 00:39:47.025
<00:39:45.045>You <00:39:45.200>can <00:39:45.356>get <00:39:45.511>started <00:39:45.667>with <00:39:45.822>just <00:39:45.978>a <00:39:46.133>handful <00:39:46.289>of <00:39:46.445>images.

931
00:39:47.565 --> 00:39:50.385
<00:39:47.565>So <00:39:47.681>I <00:39:47.798>thought, <00:39:47.915>why <00:39:48.031>not <00:39:48.148>put <00:39:48.265>the <00:39:48.381>two <00:39:48.498>of <00:39:48.615>them <00:39:48.731>head <00:39:48.848>to <00:39:48.965>head?

932
00:39:50.525 --> 00:39:52.905
<00:39:50.525>So <00:39:50.725>see <00:39:50.925>how <00:39:51.125>it <00:39:51.325>compared <00:39:51.525>to <00:39:51.725>the <00:39:51.925>model

933
00:39:52.905 --> 00:39:54.225
<00:39:52.905>that <00:39:53.202>I <00:39:53.499>built <00:39:53.796>with <00:39:54.093>SageMaker.

934
00:39:55.435 --> 00:39:59.505
<00:39:55.435>So <00:39:55.634>I <00:39:55.835>have <00:39:56.035>here, <00:39:56.235>uh, <00:39:56.435>the <00:39:56.634>console <00:39:56.835>open,

935
00:39:59.605 --> 00:40:01.625
<00:39:59.605>and <00:39:59.885>this <00:40:00.165>is <00:40:00.445>recognition <00:40:00.725>custom <00:40:01.005>labels.

936
00:40:03.165 --> 00:40:05.185
<00:40:03.165>So <00:40:03.398>it's <00:40:03.631>so <00:40:03.865>much <00:40:04.098>simpler <00:40:04.331>to <00:40:04.565>use.

937
00:40:05.325 --> 00:40:07.585
<00:40:05.325>So <00:40:05.480>to <00:40:05.636>create <00:40:05.791>a <00:40:05.947>new <00:40:06.102>project, <00:40:06.258>just <00:40:06.413>create <00:40:06.569>that <00:40:06.725>button

938
00:40:07.585 --> 00:40:09.265
<00:40:07.585>and <00:40:07.818>give <00:40:08.051>it <00:40:08.285>a <00:40:08.518>name, <00:40:08.751>a <00:40:08.985>project.

939
00:40:09.405 --> 00:40:13.265
<00:40:09.405>All <00:40:09.545>the <00:40:09.685>project <00:40:09.825>consists <00:40:09.965>of <00:40:10.105>are <00:40:10.245>data <00:40:10.385>sets <00:40:10.525>and <00:40:10.665>training <00:40:10.805>jobs.

940
00:40:13.885 --> 00:40:17.305
<00:40:13.885>Um, <00:40:14.025>so <00:40:14.165>under <00:40:14.305>data <00:40:14.445>sets, <00:40:14.585>let's <00:40:14.725>create <00:40:14.865>a <00:40:15.005>new <00:40:15.145>data <00:40:15.285>set.

941
00:40:17.445 --> 00:40:20.185
<00:40:17.445>So <00:40:17.645>we'll <00:40:17.845>call <00:40:18.045>this, <00:40:18.245>uh, <00:40:18.445>we <00:40:18.645>are <00:40:18.845>devs.

942
00:40:20.685 --> 00:40:22.545
<00:40:20.685>You <00:40:20.918>give <00:40:21.151>it <00:40:21.384>a <00:40:21.618>name, <00:40:21.851>you <00:40:22.085>say

943
00:40:22.545 --> 00:40:23.785
<00:40:22.545>where <00:40:22.768>you're <00:40:22.991>pulling <00:40:23.214>the <00:40:23.437>images <00:40:23.661>from,

944
00:40:23.785 --> 00:40:25.025
<00:40:23.785>which <00:40:24.008>can <00:40:24.231>be <00:40:24.454>an <00:40:24.677>S3 <00:40:24.901>bucket,

945
00:40:25.245 --> 00:40:27.345
<00:40:25.245>you <00:40:25.420>can <00:40:25.595>pull <00:40:25.770>in <00:40:25.944>from <00:40:26.120>a <00:40:26.295>ground <00:40:26.470>truth <00:40:26.645>jobs.

946
00:40:27.445 --> 00:40:29.385
<00:40:27.445>So <00:40:27.620>I <00:40:27.795>was <00:40:27.970>able <00:40:28.145>to <00:40:28.320>just <00:40:28.495>use <00:40:28.670>the <00:40:28.845>output

947
00:40:29.385 --> 00:40:31.465
<00:40:29.385>of <00:40:29.585>my <00:40:29.785>old <00:40:29.985>ground <00:40:30.185>truth <00:40:30.385>job <00:40:30.585>right <00:40:30.785>away,

948
00:40:31.685 --> 00:40:33.785
<00:40:31.685>or <00:40:31.860>you <00:40:32.035>can <00:40:32.210>even <00:40:32.384>just <00:40:32.560>upload <00:40:32.735>from <00:40:32.910>your <00:40:33.085>computer.

949
00:40:34.125 --> 00:40:36.705
<00:40:34.125>So <00:40:34.405>I'll <00:40:34.685>click <00:40:34.965>that, <00:40:35.245>click <00:40:35.525>submit.

950
00:40:37.805 --> 00:40:40.345
<00:40:37.805>And <00:40:37.980>so <00:40:38.154>now <00:40:38.330>I <00:40:38.504>can <00:40:38.680>actually <00:40:38.855>start <00:40:39.029>adding <00:40:39.205>images

951
00:40:40.865 --> 00:40:41.985
<00:40:40.865>directly <00:40:41.201>from <00:40:41.537>my <00:40:41.873>computer.

952
00:40:42.185 --> 00:40:43.465
<00:40:42.185>I <00:40:42.473>will <00:40:42.761>drag <00:40:43.049>some <00:40:43.337>in.

953
00:40:44.085 --> 00:40:46.945
<00:40:44.085>Um, <00:40:44.551>let's <00:40:45.018>go <00:40:45.485>here

954
00:40:47.245 --> 00:40:51.505
<00:40:47.245>and <00:40:47.478>just <00:40:47.711>drag <00:40:47.944>in <00:40:48.178>a <00:40:48.411>few <00:40:48.645>images.

955
00:40:56.135 --> 00:40:58.955
<00:40:56.135>Uh, <00:40:56.251>no, <00:40:56.368>I <00:40:56.485>have <00:40:56.601>to <00:40:56.718>click <00:40:56.835>add <00:40:56.951>first, <00:40:57.068>then <00:40:57.185>I <00:40:57.301>drag <00:40:57.418>them <00:40:57.535>in.

956
00:40:59.065 --> 00:41:02.405
<00:40:59.065>Yeah. <00:40:59.298>And <00:40:59.531>so <00:40:59.765>it's <00:40:59.998>gonna <00:41:00.231>upload <00:41:00.465>these.

957
00:41:03.745 --> 00:41:07.285
<00:41:03.745>And <00:41:03.920>then <00:41:04.095>recognition. <00:41:04.270>Custom <00:41:04.444>label <00:41:04.620>says <00:41:04.795>a <00:41:04.970>built-in <00:41:05.145>ui.

958
00:41:07.485 --> 00:41:08.685
<00:41:07.485>I <00:41:07.665>don't <00:41:07.845>have <00:41:08.025>to <00:41:08.205>use <00:41:08.385>ground <00:41:08.565>truth,

959
00:41:08.755 --> 00:41:10.005
<00:41:08.755>it's <00:41:08.980>actually <00:41:09.205>got <00:41:09.430>it <00:41:09.655>built <00:41:09.880>in.

960
00:41:10.005 --> 00:41:11.285
<00:41:10.005>So <00:41:10.235>once <00:41:10.465>I've <00:41:10.696>added <00:41:10.926>some <00:41:11.156>images,

961
00:41:11.545 --> 00:41:14.445
<00:41:11.545>and <00:41:11.700>you <00:41:11.856>only <00:41:12.011>need <00:41:12.167>10 <00:41:12.322>per <00:41:12.478>label <00:41:12.633>to <00:41:12.789>get <00:41:12.945>started.

962
00:41:14.745 --> 00:41:16.245
<00:41:14.745>So <00:41:14.937>this <00:41:15.130>as <00:41:15.323>quickly <00:41:15.516>as <00:41:15.709>you <00:41:15.902>can <00:41:16.095>go.

963
00:41:16.505 --> 00:41:17.685
<00:41:16.505>Now <00:41:16.656>I <00:41:16.808>need <00:41:16.960>to <00:41:17.111>set <00:41:17.263>up <00:41:17.415>a <00:41:17.567>label.

964
00:41:17.825 --> 00:41:19.365
<00:41:17.825>So <00:41:18.102>I'll <00:41:18.379>click <00:41:18.656>add <00:41:18.933>a <00:41:19.211>label

965
00:41:19.465 --> 00:41:22.285
<00:41:19.465>and <00:41:19.698>create <00:41:19.931>a <00:41:20.165>label <00:41:20.398>called <00:41:20.631>Stock <00:41:20.865>Ginette.

966
00:41:23.515 --> 00:41:25.685
<00:41:23.515>Okay. <00:41:23.748>And <00:41:23.981>I'll <00:41:24.214>create <00:41:24.448>one <00:41:24.681>called <00:41:24.915>other

967
00:41:25.825 --> 00:41:27.565
<00:41:25.825>for <00:41:26.058>anything <00:41:26.291>other <00:41:26.524>than <00:41:26.758>stuck <00:41:26.991>in <00:41:27.225>it.

968
00:41:27.905 --> 00:41:30.325
<00:41:27.905>Hit <00:41:28.105>save. <00:41:28.305>Now <00:41:28.505>I <00:41:28.705>can <00:41:28.905>actually <00:41:29.105>label <00:41:29.305>these.

969
00:41:30.745 --> 00:41:35.485
<00:41:30.745>So <00:41:30.861>this <00:41:30.978>first <00:41:31.095>one <00:41:31.211>I <00:41:31.328>can <00:41:31.444>just <00:41:31.561>assign <00:41:31.678>a <00:41:31.795>label <00:41:31.911>stock <00:41:32.028>in <00:41:32.145>it.

970
00:41:35.905 --> 00:41:37.805
<00:41:35.905>And <00:41:36.105>so <00:41:36.305>you <00:41:36.505>can <00:41:36.705>very <00:41:36.905>quickly <00:41:37.105>upload <00:41:37.305>your

971
00:41:37.805 --> 00:41:38.885
<00:41:37.805>images <00:41:38.048>and <00:41:38.291>get <00:41:38.534>them <00:41:38.777>labeled.

972
00:41:38.945 --> 00:41:41.405
<00:41:38.945>You <00:41:39.100>can <00:41:39.256>also <00:41:39.411>draw <00:41:39.567>bounding <00:41:39.722>boxes <00:41:39.878>if <00:41:40.033>you <00:41:40.189>wanna <00:41:40.345>try

973
00:41:41.405 --> 00:41:43.085
<00:41:41.405>and <00:41:41.685>identify <00:41:41.965>things <00:41:42.245>within <00:41:42.525>the <00:41:42.805>image.

974
00:41:43.625 --> 00:41:46.245
<00:41:43.625>So <00:41:43.780>super <00:41:43.936>quick, <00:41:44.091>uh, <00:41:44.247>to <00:41:44.402>build <00:41:44.558>up <00:41:44.713>your <00:41:44.869>data <00:41:45.025>set.

975
00:41:47.135 --> 00:41:49.155
<00:41:47.135>So, <00:41:47.335>um, <00:41:47.535>I'll <00:41:47.735>go <00:41:47.935>back <00:41:48.135>to <00:41:48.335>my <00:41:48.535>project.

976
00:41:49.255 --> 00:41:52.475
<00:41:49.255>So <00:41:49.382>once <00:41:49.509>you've <00:41:49.636>got <00:41:49.764>a <00:41:49.891>data <00:41:50.018>set, <00:41:50.145>uh, <00:41:50.273>you <00:41:50.400>can <00:41:50.527>actually, <00:41:50.655>then

977
00:41:53.755 --> 00:41:56.195
<00:41:53.755>I <00:41:53.895>might <00:41:54.035>go <00:41:54.175>to <00:41:54.315>one <00:41:54.455>of <00:41:54.595>these, <00:41:54.735>uh, <00:41:54.875>custom <00:41:55.015>labels <00:41:55.155>three.

978
00:41:56.415 --> 00:41:58.195
<00:41:56.415>You <00:41:56.590>can <00:41:56.765>just <00:41:56.940>click <00:41:57.115>the <00:41:57.290>train <00:41:57.465>a <00:41:57.640>model <00:41:57.815>button

979
00:41:58.495 --> 00:42:00.475
<00:41:58.495>and <00:41:58.670>it <00:41:58.845>will <00:41:59.020>start <00:41:59.194>training <00:41:59.370>the <00:41:59.545>model <00:41:59.720>for <00:41:59.895>you.

980
00:42:01.415 --> 00:42:03.075
<00:42:01.415>So <00:42:01.695>here <00:42:01.975>is <00:42:02.255>one <00:42:02.535>of <00:42:02.815>mine

981
00:42:03.075 --> 00:42:04.835
<00:42:03.075>where <00:42:03.250>you <00:42:03.424>can <00:42:03.600>see <00:42:03.774>the <00:42:03.950>output <00:42:04.125>of <00:42:04.299>the <00:42:04.475>train.

982
00:42:04.835 --> 00:42:06.275
<00:42:04.835>You <00:42:05.020>can <00:42:05.205>see <00:42:05.390>here's <00:42:05.575>some <00:42:05.760>of <00:42:05.945>my <00:42:06.131>clutter.

983
00:42:06.415 --> 00:42:07.955
<00:42:06.415>You <00:42:06.588>can <00:42:06.761>see <00:42:06.934>I've <00:42:07.108>got <00:42:07.281>the <00:42:07.454>labels <00:42:07.627>on <00:42:07.801>it.

984
00:42:08.855 --> 00:42:12.435
<00:42:08.855>Uh, <00:42:08.995>and <00:42:09.135>then <00:42:09.275>to <00:42:09.415>actually <00:42:09.555>test <00:42:09.695>this <00:42:09.835>out, <00:42:09.975>you <00:42:10.115>can <00:42:10.255>just,

985
00:42:12.495 --> 00:42:15.035
<00:42:12.495>it <00:42:12.634>hosts, <00:42:12.775>you <00:42:12.915>don't <00:42:13.055>have <00:42:13.194>to <00:42:13.335>worry <00:42:13.475>about <00:42:13.615>hosting <00:42:13.755>an <00:42:13.895>endpoint,

986
00:42:15.035 --> 00:42:17.555
<00:42:15.035>setting <00:42:15.210>up <00:42:15.384>an <00:42:15.560>endpoint <00:42:15.734>configuration, <00:42:15.910>all <00:42:16.085>of <00:42:16.259>that <00:42:16.435>out

987
00:42:17.555 --> 00:42:20.515
<00:42:17.555>of <00:42:17.730>the <00:42:17.904>box <00:42:18.080>recognition, <00:42:18.254>um, <00:42:18.430>provides <00:42:18.605>that <00:42:18.779>for <00:42:18.955>you.

988
00:42:21.095 --> 00:42:25.035
<00:42:21.095>Uh, <00:42:21.202>I <00:42:21.310>was <00:42:21.418>able <00:42:21.525>to, <00:42:21.633>on <00:42:21.741>our <00:42:21.848>GitHub <00:42:21.956>page, <00:42:22.064>we <00:42:22.171>have <00:42:22.279>a <00:42:22.387>demo <00:42:22.495>here,

989
00:42:25.535 --> 00:42:29.195
<00:42:25.535>um, <00:42:25.710>called <00:42:25.884>a <00:42:26.060>w <00:42:26.234>Amazon <00:42:26.410>recognition <00:42:26.585>Custom <00:42:26.759>labels <00:42:26.935>demo

990
00:42:29.505 --> 00:42:32.635
<00:42:29.505>with <00:42:29.660>a <00:42:29.816>cloud <00:42:29.971>formation <00:42:30.127>stack <00:42:30.282>that <00:42:30.438>you <00:42:30.593>can <00:42:30.749>just <00:42:30.905>click

991
00:42:32.935 --> 00:42:35.995
<00:42:32.935>and <00:42:33.075>it <00:42:33.215>will <00:42:33.355>automatically <00:42:33.495>set <00:42:33.634>up <00:42:33.775>in <00:42:33.915>your, <00:42:34.055>in <00:42:34.195>your <00:42:34.335>account.

992
00:42:36.375 --> 00:42:39.955
<00:42:36.375>Um, <00:42:36.515>this <00:42:36.655>really <00:42:36.795>cool <00:42:36.935>web <00:42:37.075>app <00:42:37.215>where <00:42:37.355>you <00:42:37.495>can <00:42:37.635>demo <00:42:37.775>recognition,

993
00:42:39.955 --> 00:42:41.155
<00:42:39.955>custom <00:42:40.495>labels, <00:42:41.035>endpoints.

994
00:42:41.295 --> 00:42:43.915
<00:42:41.295>So <00:42:41.495>I've <00:42:41.695>got <00:42:41.895>here <00:42:42.095>three <00:42:42.295>different <00:42:42.495>models <00:42:42.695>running

995
00:42:44.175 --> 00:42:45.315
<00:42:44.175>and <00:42:44.380>we <00:42:44.585>can <00:42:44.790>test <00:42:44.995>it <00:42:45.201>out.

996
00:42:45.695 --> 00:42:50.035
<00:42:45.695>So <00:42:45.811>I <00:42:45.928>did <00:42:46.045>for <00:42:46.161>the <00:42:46.278>first <00:42:46.395>one, <00:42:46.511>uh, <00:42:46.628>do <00:42:46.745>just <00:42:46.861>with <00:42:46.978>10 <00:42:47.095>images,

997
00:42:50.625 --> 00:42:51.635
<00:42:50.625>like <00:42:50.928>the <00:42:51.231>bare <00:42:51.534>minimum.

998
00:42:52.175 --> 00:42:54.075
<00:42:52.175>And <00:42:52.375>so <00:42:52.575>if <00:42:52.775>I <00:42:52.975>test <00:42:53.175>this <00:42:53.375>out <00:42:53.575>now,

999
00:42:54.075 --> 00:42:57.715
<00:42:54.075>so <00:42:54.191>I'll <00:42:54.308>upload <00:42:54.424>stuck <00:42:54.541>in <00:42:54.658>it <00:42:54.774>stitch, <00:42:54.891>uh, <00:42:55.008>and <00:42:55.125>it <00:42:55.241>gets <00:42:55.358>it <00:42:55.475>wrong.

1000
00:42:57.995 --> 00:42:59.115
<00:42:57.995>It <00:42:58.247>thinks <00:42:58.499>it's <00:42:58.750>seed <00:42:59.002>stitch.

1001
00:42:59.575 --> 00:43:04.235
<00:42:59.575>So <00:42:59.702>using <00:42:59.829>only <00:42:59.956>50 <00:43:00.084>images, <00:43:00.211>it, <00:43:00.338>it <00:43:00.465>was, <00:43:00.593>it <00:43:00.720>was <00:43:00.847>not <00:43:00.975>enough

1002
00:43:04.235 --> 00:43:05.275
<00:43:04.235>to <00:43:04.469>get <00:43:04.703>a <00:43:04.937>good <00:43:05.171>result.

1003
00:43:05.655 --> 00:43:08.955
<00:43:05.655>The <00:43:05.782>second <00:43:05.909>one <00:43:06.036>here, <00:43:06.164>this <00:43:06.291>is <00:43:06.418>the <00:43:06.545>one <00:43:06.673>that <00:43:06.800>was <00:43:06.927>the <00:43:07.055>same

1004
00:43:08.955 --> 00:43:10.115
<00:43:08.955>as <00:43:09.303>re <00:43:09.651>as <00:43:09.999>SageMaker.

1005
00:43:10.375 --> 00:43:13.955
<00:43:10.375>So <00:43:10.515>this <00:43:10.655>is <00:43:10.795>the <00:43:10.935>same <00:43:11.075>model <00:43:11.215>and <00:43:11.355>I <00:43:11.495>get <00:43:11.635>99% <00:43:11.775>accuracy.

1006
00:43:14.375 --> 00:43:19.075
<00:43:14.375>Um, <00:43:14.502>on <00:43:14.629>that. <00:43:14.756>Uh, <00:43:14.884>I <00:43:15.011>get, <00:43:15.138>let's <00:43:15.265>put <00:43:15.393>in <00:43:15.520>some <00:43:15.647>weaving <00:43:15.775>here.

1007
00:43:19.655 --> 00:43:20.915
<00:43:19.655>It <00:43:19.844>thinks <00:43:20.033>weaving <00:43:20.222>is <00:43:20.411>stuck <00:43:20.600>in <00:43:20.788>it,

1008
00:43:20.915 --> 00:43:23.475
<00:43:20.915>so <00:43:21.115>it's <00:43:21.315>not <00:43:21.515>a <00:43:21.715>hundred <00:43:21.915>percent <00:43:22.115>perfect, <00:43:22.315>um,

1009
00:43:23.615 --> 00:43:25.515
<00:43:23.615>but <00:43:23.814>it <00:43:24.015>gets <00:43:24.214>all <00:43:24.415>the <00:43:24.615>rest <00:43:24.814>of <00:43:25.015>them.

1010
00:43:25.815 --> 00:43:29.395
<00:43:25.815>It <00:43:25.942>knows <00:43:26.069>that <00:43:26.196>that <00:43:26.324>moss <00:43:26.451>stitch <00:43:26.578>is <00:43:26.705>not <00:43:26.833>stocking <00:43:26.960>it, <00:43:27.087>it <00:43:27.215>knows

1011
00:43:29.395 --> 00:43:31.355
<00:43:29.395>that <00:43:29.628>the <00:43:29.861>cat <00:43:30.095>is <00:43:30.328>not <00:43:30.561>stocking <00:43:30.795>it.

1012
00:43:31.775 --> 00:43:35.035
<00:43:31.775>Uh, <00:43:31.915>so <00:43:32.055>I'm <00:43:32.195>like, <00:43:32.335>hang <00:43:32.475>on, <00:43:32.615>this <00:43:32.755>looks <00:43:32.895>very <00:43:33.035>comparable <00:43:33.175>to

1013
00:43:35.035 --> 00:43:36.875
<00:43:35.035>what <00:43:35.315>I <00:43:35.595>got <00:43:35.875>out <00:43:36.154>of <00:43:36.435>SageMaker.

1014
00:43:38.035 --> 00:43:39.815
<00:43:38.035>And <00:43:38.384>actually, <00:43:38.734>uh, <00:43:39.085>it <00:43:39.435>is,

1015
00:43:39.885 --> 00:43:41.135
<00:43:39.885>I'll <00:43:40.025>show <00:43:40.166>you <00:43:40.306>when <00:43:40.447>I <00:43:40.588>go <00:43:40.728>into <00:43:40.869>my <00:43:41.010>logs,

1016
00:43:41.135 --> 00:43:42.975
<00:43:41.135>but <00:43:41.415>the <00:43:41.695>accuracy <00:43:41.975>was <00:43:42.255>very <00:43:42.535>comparable.

1017
00:43:43.655 --> 00:43:45.455
<00:43:43.655>I <00:43:43.935>did <00:43:44.215>do <00:43:44.495>one <00:43:44.775>other <00:43:45.055>model.

1018
00:43:45.855 --> 00:43:48.855
<00:43:45.855>I <00:43:45.995>did <00:43:46.135>one <00:43:46.275>more <00:43:46.415>model <00:43:46.555>where <00:43:46.695>I <00:43:46.835>actually <00:43:46.975>went <00:43:47.115>in, <00:43:47.255>um,

1019
00:43:48.915 --> 00:43:50.095
<00:43:48.915>to <00:43:49.092>see <00:43:49.269>if <00:43:49.446>I <00:43:49.623>could <00:43:49.799>get <00:43:49.977>it

1020
00:43:50.095 --> 00:43:52.575
<00:43:50.095>to <00:43:50.202>pick <00:43:50.310>up <00:43:50.418>more <00:43:50.525>than <00:43:50.633>just <00:43:50.741>stuck <00:43:50.848>in <00:43:50.956>it <00:43:51.064>or <00:43:51.171>not <00:43:51.279>stuck <00:43:51.387>in <00:43:51.495>it.

1021
00:43:52.635 --> 00:43:54.895
<00:43:52.635>So <00:43:52.868>with <00:43:53.101>this <00:43:53.335>model, <00:43:53.568>I <00:43:53.801>actually, <00:43:54.035>uh,

1022
00:43:55.055 --> 00:43:57.415
<00:43:55.055>I <00:43:55.254>now <00:43:55.455>can <00:43:55.654>tell <00:43:55.855>Moss <00:43:56.055>versus <00:43:56.254>seed <00:43:56.455>stitch.

1023
00:43:57.595 --> 00:44:00.135
<00:43:57.595>So <00:43:57.750>because <00:43:57.906>recognition <00:43:58.061>custom <00:43:58.217>labels <00:43:58.372>was <00:43:58.528>so <00:43:58.683>easy <00:43:58.839>to <00:43:58.995>use,

1024
00:44:00.495 --> 00:44:03.615
<00:44:00.495>I <00:44:00.650>actually <00:44:00.806>went <00:44:00.961>further <00:44:01.117>and <00:44:01.272>created <00:44:01.428>more <00:44:01.583>training <00:44:01.739>jobs, <00:44:01.895>uh,

1025
00:44:03.615 --> 00:44:05.695
<00:44:03.615>which <00:44:03.895>get <00:44:04.174>me <00:44:04.455>even <00:44:04.734>more <00:44:05.015>accuracy.

1026
00:44:06.795 --> 00:44:08.575
<00:44:06.795>But <00:44:07.028>now <00:44:07.261>I'll <00:44:07.495>show <00:44:07.728>you <00:44:07.961>my <00:44:08.195>stats.

1027
00:44:12.745 --> 00:44:15.805
<00:44:12.745>So, <00:44:12.884>uh, <00:44:13.025>again, <00:44:13.165>this <00:44:13.305>is <00:44:13.444>comparing <00:44:13.585>like <00:44:13.725>for <00:44:13.865>like <00:44:14.005>with <00:44:14.145>the,

1028
00:44:15.805 --> 00:44:17.925
<00:44:15.805>with <00:44:16.038>the <00:44:16.271>SageMaker <00:44:16.504>job <00:44:16.738>with <00:44:16.971>900 <00:44:17.205>images.

1029
00:44:18.545 --> 00:44:22.125
<00:44:18.545>Um, <00:44:18.745>it's <00:44:18.945>comparable. <00:44:19.145>It <00:44:19.345>is <00:44:19.545>almost <00:44:19.745>the <00:44:19.945>same.

1030
00:44:22.145 --> 00:44:23.565
<00:44:22.145>In <00:44:22.304>fact, <00:44:22.464>it <00:44:22.624>might <00:44:22.784>be <00:44:22.943>a <00:44:23.103>little <00:44:23.263>bit <00:44:23.423>better.

1031
00:44:23.795 --> 00:44:25.325
<00:44:23.795>They <00:44:24.024>don't <00:44:24.254>use <00:44:24.483>the <00:44:24.712>exact <00:44:24.942>same <00:44:25.172>metrics.

1032
00:44:25.395 --> 00:44:27.325
<00:44:25.395>Recognition <00:44:25.745>uses <00:44:26.095>slightly <00:44:26.445>different <00:44:26.795>ones

1033
00:44:27.325 --> 00:44:28.645
<00:44:27.325>that <00:44:27.562>are <00:44:27.800>derived <00:44:28.037>from <00:44:28.275>the <00:44:28.513>ratio

1034
00:44:28.705 --> 00:44:30.885
<00:44:28.705>of <00:44:28.985>false <00:44:29.265>positives <00:44:29.545>and <00:44:29.825>true <00:44:30.105>positives.

1035
00:44:31.185 --> 00:44:34.205
<00:44:31.185>It <00:44:31.340>gives <00:44:31.496>you <00:44:31.651>this <00:44:31.807>F1 <00:44:31.962>score, <00:44:32.118>but <00:44:32.273>it's <00:44:32.429>preferably <00:44:32.585>comparable.

1036
00:44:34.235 --> 00:44:38.095
<00:44:34.235>They're <00:44:34.390>very <00:44:34.546>similar. <00:44:34.701>And <00:44:34.857>I've <00:44:35.012>done <00:44:35.168>here <00:44:35.323>a <00:44:35.479>slide <00:44:35.635>just

1037
00:44:38.095 --> 00:44:40.055
<00:44:38.095>showing <00:44:38.328>you <00:44:38.561>to <00:44:38.794>compare <00:44:39.028>the <00:44:39.261>two <00:44:39.495>approaches.

1038
00:44:40.515 --> 00:44:43.215
<00:44:40.515>Um, <00:44:40.690>just <00:44:40.865>in <00:44:41.040>terms <00:44:41.214>of <00:44:41.390>the <00:44:41.565>data <00:44:41.740>labeling <00:44:41.915>ui,

1039
00:44:43.215 --> 00:44:45.695
<00:44:43.215>you <00:44:43.415>can <00:44:43.615>use <00:44:43.815>ground <00:44:44.015>truth <00:44:44.215>either <00:44:44.415>with <00:44:44.615>SageMaker

1040
00:44:45.835 --> 00:44:48.135
<00:44:45.835>or <00:44:46.115>with, <00:44:46.395>uh, <00:44:46.675>recognition <00:44:46.955>custom <00:44:47.235>labels,

1041
00:44:48.375 --> 00:44:50.215
<00:44:48.375>although <00:44:48.608>recognition, <00:44:48.841>custom <00:44:49.075>labels <00:44:49.308>also <00:44:49.541>does <00:44:49.775>have

1042
00:44:50.215 --> 00:44:51.895
<00:44:50.215>that <00:44:50.415>built-in <00:44:50.615>UI <00:44:50.815>you <00:44:51.015>can <00:44:51.215>use <00:44:51.415>as <00:44:51.615>well.

1043
00:44:52.595 --> 00:44:53.895
<00:44:52.595>In <00:44:52.887>terms <00:44:53.180>of <00:44:53.472>training <00:44:53.765>time.

1044
00:44:54.595 --> 00:44:57.815
<00:44:54.595>Um, <00:44:54.770>SageMaker <00:44:54.944>took <00:44:55.120>33 <00:44:55.294>minutes <00:44:55.470>from <00:44:55.645>my <00:44:55.819>first <00:44:55.995>job,

1045
00:44:57.875 --> 00:45:01.015
<00:44:57.875>but <00:44:58.030>remember, <00:44:58.186>you <00:44:58.341>choose <00:44:58.497>your, <00:44:58.652>your <00:44:58.808>resources <00:44:58.963>you <00:44:59.119>wanna <00:44:59.275>use.

1046
00:45:01.015 --> 00:45:02.935
<00:45:01.015>And <00:45:01.190>I <00:45:01.365>threw <00:45:01.540>a <00:45:01.714>pretty <00:45:01.890>big <00:45:02.065>instance <00:45:02.240>at <00:45:02.415>it

1047
00:45:02.935 --> 00:45:04.295
<00:45:02.935>that <00:45:03.179>P <00:45:03.424>three <00:45:03.669>two <00:45:03.914>extra <00:45:04.159>large.

1048
00:45:05.035 --> 00:45:08.615
<00:45:05.035>Um, <00:45:05.174>and <00:45:05.315>then <00:45:05.455>the <00:45:05.595>actual <00:45:05.734>hyper <00:45:05.875>parameter <00:45:06.015>training <00:45:06.154>job <00:45:06.295>I <00:45:06.435>let

1049
00:45:08.635 --> 00:45:09.775
<00:45:08.635>run <00:45:08.977>for <00:45:09.319>13 <00:45:09.661>hours.

1050
00:45:10.155 --> 00:45:12.415
<00:45:10.155>Uh, <00:45:10.388>so <00:45:10.621>that <00:45:10.855>obviously <00:45:11.088>is <00:45:11.321>very <00:45:11.555>variable

1051
00:45:12.755 --> 00:45:14.015
<00:45:12.755>versus <00:45:13.322>with <00:45:13.889>recognition.

1052
00:45:14.015 --> 00:45:16.215
<00:45:14.015>Custom <00:45:14.190>labels, <00:45:14.365>you <00:45:14.540>have <00:45:14.714>a <00:45:14.890>lot <00:45:15.065>less <00:45:15.240>control <00:45:15.415>over,

1053
00:45:16.325 --> 00:45:17.375
<00:45:16.325>over <00:45:16.640>the <00:45:16.955>training <00:45:17.270>job.

1054
00:45:17.515 --> 00:45:20.055
<00:45:17.515>You <00:45:17.654>kick <00:45:17.795>off <00:45:17.935>your <00:45:18.075>training <00:45:18.214>job <00:45:18.355>based <00:45:18.495>on <00:45:18.634>your <00:45:18.775>data <00:45:18.915>set.

1055
00:45:20.435 --> 00:45:22.735
<00:45:20.435>It <00:45:20.634>decides <00:45:20.835>how <00:45:21.035>many <00:45:21.235>instances <00:45:21.435>to <00:45:21.634>spin <00:45:21.835>up,

1056
00:45:22.735 --> 00:45:24.495
<00:45:22.735>it <00:45:22.968>decides <00:45:23.201>which <00:45:23.435>algorithms <00:45:23.668>it's <00:45:23.901>gonna <00:45:24.135>test.

1057
00:45:24.875 --> 00:45:28.215
<00:45:24.875>So <00:45:25.050>you <00:45:25.225>don't <00:45:25.400>actually <00:45:25.575>have <00:45:25.750>really <00:45:25.925>any <00:45:26.100>flexibility <00:45:26.275>there.

1058
00:45:28.565 --> 00:45:32.295
<00:45:28.565>Jobs <00:45:28.720>we <00:45:28.876>expect <00:45:29.031>most, <00:45:29.187>like <00:45:29.342>90% <00:45:29.498>of <00:45:29.653>jobs <00:45:29.809>should <00:45:29.965>finish.

1059
00:45:32.555 --> 00:45:36.335
<00:45:32.555>Um, <00:45:32.710>I <00:45:32.866>think <00:45:33.021>we <00:45:33.177>say <00:45:33.332>in <00:45:33.488>less <00:45:33.643>than <00:45:33.799>24 <00:45:33.955>hours.

1060
00:45:36.525 --> 00:45:38.655
<00:45:36.525>Mine <00:45:36.725>finished <00:45:36.925>in <00:45:37.125>under <00:45:37.325>way <00:45:37.525>under <00:45:37.725>all, <00:45:37.925>most

1061
00:45:38.655 --> 00:45:40.015
<00:45:38.655>of <00:45:38.859>mine <00:45:39.063>finished <00:45:39.267>in <00:45:39.471>under <00:45:39.675>an <00:45:39.879>hour.

1062
00:45:40.135 --> 00:45:41.575
<00:45:40.135>I <00:45:40.297>did <00:45:40.459>have <00:45:40.621>one <00:45:40.783>that <00:45:40.945>went <00:45:41.107>to <00:45:41.269>four <00:45:41.431>hours.

1063
00:45:42.795 --> 00:45:47.055
<00:45:42.795>Uh, <00:45:42.935>and <00:45:43.075>if <00:45:43.215>anything <00:45:43.355>hits <00:45:43.495>72 <00:45:43.635>hours, <00:45:43.775>we <00:45:43.915>automatically <00:45:44.055>kill <00:45:44.195>it

1064
00:45:47.055 --> 00:45:48.095
<00:45:47.055>and <00:45:47.242>don't <00:45:47.429>charge <00:45:47.616>you <00:45:47.803>for <00:45:47.991>that.

1065
00:45:48.155 --> 00:45:51.015
<00:45:48.155>But <00:45:48.282>it, <00:45:48.409>it's, <00:45:48.536>you <00:45:48.664>have <00:45:48.791>a <00:45:48.918>lot <00:45:49.045>less <00:45:49.173>control <00:45:49.300>over <00:45:49.427>the <00:45:49.555>training

1066
00:45:51.015 --> 00:45:54.255
<00:45:51.015>jobs, <00:45:51.214>recognition, <00:45:51.415>custom <00:45:51.615>labels <00:45:51.815>in <00:45:52.015>terms <00:45:52.214>of <00:45:52.415>costs,

1067
00:45:54.325 --> 00:45:56.375
<00:45:54.325>this <00:45:54.524>is <00:45:54.725>really <00:45:54.924>where <00:45:55.125>you <00:45:55.325>start <00:45:55.524>making <00:45:55.725>trade-offs

1068
00:45:56.375 --> 00:45:58.335
<00:45:56.375>because <00:45:56.608>in <00:45:56.841>SageMaker <00:45:57.075>you <00:45:57.308>pay <00:45:57.541>for <00:45:57.775>training.

1069
00:45:58.485 --> 00:46:00.815
<00:45:58.485>There's <00:45:58.640>a <00:45:58.796>cost <00:45:58.951>associated <00:45:59.107>with <00:45:59.262>the <00:45:59.418>instance <00:45:59.573>that <00:45:59.729>you <00:45:59.885>use

1070
00:46:00.815 --> 00:46:02.575
<00:46:00.815>for <00:46:01.165>training <00:46:01.515>with <00:46:01.865>provision <00:46:02.215>storage.

1071
00:46:03.115 --> 00:46:06.335
<00:46:03.115>Um, <00:46:03.270>with <00:46:03.426>data <00:46:03.581>transfer, <00:46:03.737>there <00:46:03.892>is <00:46:04.048>a <00:46:04.203>free <00:46:04.359>tier, <00:46:04.515>uh,

1072
00:46:06.335 --> 00:46:09.135
<00:46:06.335>with <00:46:06.535>SageMaker <00:46:06.735>that <00:46:06.935>gets <00:46:07.135>50, <00:46:07.335>50 <00:46:07.535>hours, <00:46:07.735>um,

1073
00:46:09.155 --> 00:46:10.775
<00:46:09.155>on <00:46:09.388>a <00:46:09.621>couple <00:46:09.855>different <00:46:10.088>instances <00:46:10.321>for <00:46:10.555>training

1074
00:46:10.795 --> 00:46:14.415
<00:46:10.795>and <00:46:10.950>125 <00:46:11.106>hours, <00:46:11.261>uh, <00:46:11.417>for <00:46:11.572>inference <00:46:11.728>on <00:46:11.883>an <00:46:12.039>ongoing <00:46:12.195>basis.

1075
00:46:15.115 --> 00:46:17.335
<00:46:15.115>Um, <00:46:15.395>versus <00:46:15.674>the <00:46:15.955>costing <00:46:16.234>for <00:46:16.515>recognition,

1076
00:46:17.335 --> 00:46:18.535
<00:46:17.335>custom <00:46:17.605>labels <00:46:17.875>is <00:46:18.145>much <00:46:18.415>simpler.

1077
00:46:18.885 --> 00:46:20.935
<00:46:18.885>It's <00:46:19.118>a <00:46:19.351>buck <00:46:19.585>an <00:46:19.818>hour <00:46:20.051>for <00:46:20.285>training

1078
00:46:21.275 --> 00:46:23.815
<00:46:21.275>and <00:46:21.508>it's <00:46:21.741>$4 <00:46:21.975>an <00:46:22.208>hour <00:46:22.441>for <00:46:22.675>inference.

1079
00:46:24.155 --> 00:46:26.655
<00:46:24.155>Um, <00:46:24.271>but <00:46:24.388>as <00:46:24.505>I <00:46:24.621>said, <00:46:24.738>you <00:46:24.855>have <00:46:24.971>a <00:46:25.088>lot <00:46:25.205>less <00:46:25.321>control <00:46:25.438>over <00:46:25.555>the

1080
00:46:26.655 --> 00:46:29.855
<00:46:26.655>length <00:46:26.795>of <00:46:26.935>the <00:46:27.075>training <00:46:27.215>job, <00:46:27.355>so <00:46:27.495>that's <00:46:27.635>out <00:46:27.775>of <00:46:27.915>your <00:46:28.055>hands.

1081
00:46:30.595 --> 00:46:34.355
<00:46:30.595>Um, <00:46:30.734>and <00:46:30.875>in <00:46:31.015>terms <00:46:31.154>of <00:46:31.294>inference, <00:46:31.435>you <00:46:31.575>don't <00:46:31.714>wanna <00:46:31.855>use <00:46:31.995>this

1082
00:46:34.355 --> 00:46:35.675
<00:46:34.355>for <00:46:34.503>something <00:46:34.652>that <00:46:34.800>you <00:46:34.949>leave <00:46:35.097>on <00:46:35.246>all <00:46:35.394>the <00:46:35.543>time.

1083
00:46:35.695 --> 00:46:37.435
<00:46:35.695>You <00:46:35.835>wanna <00:46:35.975>use <00:46:36.115>it <00:46:36.255>for <00:46:36.395>something <00:46:36.535>that <00:46:36.675>you <00:46:36.815>do <00:46:36.955>in <00:46:37.095>batches.

1084
00:46:37.435 --> 00:46:39.355
<00:46:37.435>So <00:46:37.634>you <00:46:37.835>turn <00:46:38.035>it <00:46:38.235>on, <00:46:38.435>run <00:46:38.634>your <00:46:38.835>inference,

1085
00:46:39.355 --> 00:46:42.155
<00:46:39.355>and <00:46:39.495>then <00:46:39.635>turn <00:46:39.775>it <00:46:39.915>off, <00:46:40.055>uh, <00:46:40.195>just <00:46:40.335>to <00:46:40.475>optimize <00:46:40.615>your <00:46:40.755>cost.

1086
00:46:42.215 --> 00:46:44.395
<00:46:42.215>Oh, <00:46:42.355>and <00:46:42.495>the <00:46:42.635>other <00:46:42.775>thing <00:46:42.915>I <00:46:43.055>should <00:46:43.195>have <00:46:43.335>mentioned <00:46:43.475>on <00:46:43.615>SageMaker

1087
00:46:44.395 --> 00:46:45.755
<00:46:44.395>is <00:46:44.639>you <00:46:44.884>can <00:46:45.129>use <00:46:45.374>spot <00:46:45.619>instances,

1088
00:46:45.965 --> 00:46:47.435
<00:46:45.965>which <00:46:46.154>can <00:46:46.343>save <00:46:46.532>you <00:46:46.721>a <00:46:46.910>lot <00:46:47.099>of <00:46:47.288>money.

1089
00:46:47.735 --> 00:46:49.515
<00:46:47.735>So <00:46:47.935>I <00:46:48.135>think <00:46:48.335>probably <00:46:48.535>for <00:46:48.735>an <00:46:48.935>ongoing <00:46:49.135>basis,

1090
00:46:49.835 --> 00:46:51.915
<00:46:49.835>SageMaker <00:46:50.115>is <00:46:50.395>probably <00:46:50.675>a <00:46:50.955>cheaper <00:46:51.235>option.

1091
00:46:52.495 --> 00:46:54.315
<00:46:52.495>But <00:46:52.775>for <00:46:53.055>me, <00:46:53.335>given <00:46:53.615>the <00:46:53.895>results

1092
00:46:54.335 --> 00:46:56.515
<00:46:54.335>and <00:46:54.568>the <00:46:54.801>ease <00:46:55.035>of <00:46:55.268>use <00:46:55.501>there, <00:46:55.735>recognition,

1093
00:46:56.515 --> 00:46:58.635
<00:46:56.515>custom <00:46:56.795>labels <00:46:57.075>gave <00:46:57.355>me <00:46:57.634>comparable <00:46:57.915>accuracy

1094
00:46:58.655 --> 00:47:00.435
<00:46:58.655>and <00:46:58.888>was <00:46:59.121>so <00:46:59.355>much <00:46:59.588>easy <00:46:59.821>to <00:47:00.055>use.

1095
00:47:00.535 --> 00:47:03.795
<00:47:00.535>You <00:47:00.674>do <00:47:00.815>not <00:47:00.955>need <00:47:01.095>to <00:47:01.234>have <00:47:01.375>someone <00:47:01.515>who's <00:47:01.654>a <00:47:01.795>data <00:47:01.935>expert.

1096
00:47:04.375 --> 00:47:07.555
<00:47:04.375>And, <00:47:04.515>uh, <00:47:04.655>bear <00:47:04.795>in <00:47:04.935>mind, <00:47:05.075>I <00:47:05.215>did <00:47:05.355>run <00:47:05.495>that <00:47:05.635>SageMaker, <00:47:05.775>uh,

1097
00:47:07.585 --> 00:47:09.115
<00:47:07.585>example <00:47:08.044>18 <00:47:08.502>months <00:47:08.962>ago.

1098
00:47:09.215 --> 00:47:11.195
<00:47:09.215>So <00:47:09.448>nowadays <00:47:09.681>with <00:47:09.915>someone <00:47:10.148>who's <00:47:10.381>an <00:47:10.615>expert,

1099
00:47:11.385 --> 00:47:13.755
<00:47:11.385>that <00:47:11.560>accuracy <00:47:11.735>could <00:47:11.910>probably <00:47:12.085>be <00:47:12.260>even <00:47:12.435>higher <00:47:12.610>on <00:47:12.785>SageMaker

1100
00:47:13.815 --> 00:47:14.875
<00:47:13.815>if, <00:47:14.053>if <00:47:14.292>you're <00:47:14.530>an <00:47:14.769>expert.

1101
00:47:16.825 --> 00:47:18.105
<00:47:16.825>I <00:47:17.017>just, <00:47:17.209>one <00:47:17.401>last <00:47:17.593>thing <00:47:17.785>to <00:47:17.977>mention,

1102
00:47:18.265 --> 00:47:19.505
<00:47:18.265>you <00:47:18.404>don't <00:47:18.544>have <00:47:18.683>to <00:47:18.823>take <00:47:18.962>my <00:47:19.102>word <00:47:19.241>for <00:47:19.381>this.

1103
00:47:19.565 --> 00:47:22.625
<00:47:19.565>Uh, <00:47:19.705>this <00:47:19.845>is <00:47:19.985>a <00:47:20.125>blog <00:47:20.265>post <00:47:20.405>from <00:47:20.545>last <00:47:20.685>November <00:47:20.825>from <00:47:20.965>Luca

1104
00:47:22.655 --> 00:47:25.705
<00:47:22.655>Bianchi, <00:47:22.855>who's <00:47:23.055>an <00:47:23.255>AWS <00:47:23.455>serverless <00:47:23.655>hero <00:47:23.855>in <00:47:24.055>Milan.

1105
00:47:25.725 --> 00:47:28.145
<00:47:25.725>And <00:47:25.852>so <00:47:25.979>Luca <00:47:26.106>did <00:47:26.234>the <00:47:26.361>same <00:47:26.488>thing <00:47:26.615>I <00:47:26.743>did, <00:47:26.870>built <00:47:26.997>a <00:47:27.125>model

1106
00:47:28.145 --> 00:47:30.205
<00:47:28.145>with <00:47:28.320>SageMaker <00:47:28.495>and <00:47:28.670>then <00:47:28.845>did <00:47:29.020>the <00:47:29.195>same <00:47:29.370>one <00:47:29.545>again

1107
00:47:30.205 --> 00:47:31.885
<00:47:30.205>with <00:47:30.671>recognition <00:47:31.138>custom <00:47:31.605>labels.

1108
00:47:32.265 --> 00:47:35.645
<00:47:32.265>So <00:47:32.420>his <00:47:32.576>use <00:47:32.731>case, <00:47:32.887>uh, <00:47:33.042>was <00:47:33.198>snapshots <00:47:33.353>from <00:47:33.509>HVAC <00:47:33.665>systems

1109
00:47:35.665 --> 00:47:37.605
<00:47:35.665>that's <00:47:35.945>heating <00:47:36.225>and <00:47:36.505>air <00:47:36.785>conditioning <00:47:37.065>systems,

1110
00:47:38.165 --> 00:47:39.205
<00:47:38.165>checking <00:47:38.633>their <00:47:39.101>cleanliness.

1111
00:47:39.545 --> 00:47:42.205
<00:47:39.545>Um, <00:47:39.672>and <00:47:39.799>so <00:47:39.926>he <00:47:40.054>had <00:47:40.181>a <00:47:40.308>data <00:47:40.435>set <00:47:40.563>of <00:47:40.690>about <00:47:40.817>2300 <00:47:40.945>images.

1112
00:47:42.625 --> 00:47:45.765
<00:47:42.625>Uh, <00:47:42.780>he <00:47:42.936>used <00:47:43.091>SageMaker <00:47:43.247>with <00:47:43.402>PyTorch <00:47:43.558>and <00:47:43.713>fast <00:47:43.869>ai <00:47:44.025>and,

1113
00:47:45.785 --> 00:47:49.165
<00:47:45.785>and <00:47:45.940>did <00:47:46.096>all <00:47:46.251>the <00:47:46.407>expertise, <00:47:46.562>uh, <00:47:46.718>expert <00:47:46.873>machine <00:47:47.029>learning <00:47:47.185>stuff

1114
00:47:49.185 --> 00:47:52.685
<00:47:49.185>and <00:47:49.418>got <00:47:49.651>an <00:47:49.884>accuracy <00:47:50.118>of <00:47:50.351>around <00:47:50.585>0.9292%.

1115
00:47:53.065 --> 00:47:55.485
<00:47:53.065>He <00:47:53.240>then <00:47:53.415>took <00:47:53.590>that <00:47:53.765>data, <00:47:53.940>fed <00:47:54.115>it <00:47:54.290>into <00:47:54.465>recognition,

1116
00:47:55.485 --> 00:47:59.045
<00:47:55.485>custom <00:47:55.660>labels, <00:47:55.835>and <00:47:56.010>found <00:47:56.185>that <00:47:56.360>it <00:47:56.535>gave <00:47:56.710>comparable <00:47:56.885>accuracy.

1117
00:47:59.105 --> 00:48:00.445
<00:47:59.105>He <00:47:59.406>called <00:47:59.708>it <00:48:00.009>mind <00:48:00.311>blowing.

1118
00:48:00.945 --> 00:48:02.365
<00:48:00.945>Um, <00:48:01.104>you <00:48:01.264>still <00:48:01.424>need <00:48:01.584>to <00:48:01.743>do <00:48:01.903>all <00:48:02.063>the <00:48:02.223>work,

1119
00:48:02.365 --> 00:48:04.245
<00:48:02.365>obviously <00:48:02.645>if <00:48:02.924>preparing <00:48:03.205>your, <00:48:03.484>your <00:48:03.765>training,

1120
00:48:04.355 --> 00:48:06.085
<00:48:04.355>your <00:48:04.635>training <00:48:04.915>data, <00:48:05.195>your <00:48:05.475>training <00:48:05.755>images,

1121
00:48:06.585 --> 00:48:07.885
<00:48:06.585>but <00:48:06.877>you <00:48:07.170>do <00:48:07.462>not <00:48:07.755>need

1122
00:48:08.155 --> 00:48:11.005
<00:48:08.155>that <00:48:08.355>dedicated <00:48:08.555>data <00:48:08.755>scientist <00:48:08.955>to <00:48:09.155>set <00:48:09.355>this <00:48:09.555>up.

1123
00:48:11.505 --> 00:48:14.085
<00:48:11.505>And <00:48:11.621>this, <00:48:11.738>this <00:48:11.855>kind <00:48:11.971>of <00:48:12.088>use <00:48:12.205>case, <00:48:12.321>uh, <00:48:12.438>using <00:48:12.555>it <00:48:12.671>for <00:48:12.788>this <00:48:12.905>kind

1124
00:48:14.085 --> 00:48:16.405
<00:48:14.085>of <00:48:14.201>use <00:48:14.318>case <00:48:14.435>is <00:48:14.551>ideal <00:48:14.668>because <00:48:14.785>yeah, <00:48:14.901>you <00:48:15.018>do <00:48:15.135>it <00:48:15.251>at <00:48:15.368>the <00:48:15.485>end

1125
00:48:16.405 --> 00:48:18.725
<00:48:16.405>of <00:48:16.532>the <00:48:16.659>month, <00:48:16.786>you <00:48:16.914>spin <00:48:17.041>it <00:48:17.168>up, <00:48:17.295>you <00:48:17.423>check <00:48:17.550>all <00:48:17.677>your <00:48:17.805>images,

1126
00:48:18.745 --> 00:48:20.565
<00:48:18.745>and <00:48:18.900>then <00:48:19.056>you <00:48:19.211>turn <00:48:19.367>it <00:48:19.522>off <00:48:19.678>again <00:48:19.833>to <00:48:19.989>optimize <00:48:20.145>costs.

1127
00:48:21.715 --> 00:48:24.925
<00:48:21.715>Just <00:48:21.842>wanna <00:48:21.969>give <00:48:22.096>a <00:48:22.224>few <00:48:22.351>quick <00:48:22.478>thank <00:48:22.605>yous <00:48:22.733>to <00:48:22.860>all <00:48:22.987>the <00:48:23.115>knitters

1128
00:48:25.045 --> 00:48:26.805
<00:48:25.045>and <00:48:25.200>all <00:48:25.356>the <00:48:25.511>people <00:48:25.667>who <00:48:25.822>helped <00:48:25.978>me <00:48:26.133>with <00:48:26.289>my <00:48:26.445>project.

1129
00:48:26.985 --> 00:48:30.405
<00:48:26.985>So <00:48:27.125>53 <00:48:27.265>knitters <00:48:27.405>from <00:48:27.545>around <00:48:27.685>the <00:48:27.825>world <00:48:27.965>sent <00:48:28.105>images <00:48:28.245>to <00:48:28.385>me.

1130
00:48:30.665 --> 00:48:34.085
<00:48:30.665>Uh, <00:48:30.792>a <00:48:30.919>team <00:48:31.046>of <00:48:31.174>14 <00:48:31.301>human <00:48:31.428>beings <00:48:31.555>were <00:48:31.683>my <00:48:31.810>labeling <00:48:31.937>task <00:48:32.065>force

1131
00:48:34.305 --> 00:48:35.445
<00:48:34.305>and <00:48:34.561>spent <00:48:34.818>a <00:48:35.074>whole <00:48:35.331>lot

1132
00:48:35.445 --> 00:48:37.285
<00:48:35.445>of <00:48:35.678>time <00:48:35.911>clicking <00:48:36.145>buttons <00:48:36.378>thousands <00:48:36.611>of <00:48:36.845>times.

1133
00:48:37.745 --> 00:48:39.245
<00:48:37.745>And <00:48:37.970>I <00:48:38.194>also <00:48:38.420>had <00:48:38.645>some <00:48:38.870>wonderful, <00:48:39.095>uh,

1134
00:48:39.245 --> 00:48:42.245
<00:48:39.245>advice <00:48:39.420>from <00:48:39.595>colleagues <00:48:39.770>at <00:48:39.944>AWS <00:48:40.120>like <00:48:40.295>Aparna <00:48:40.470>along <00:48:40.645>Van

1135
00:48:42.245 --> 00:48:43.405
<00:48:42.245>and <00:48:42.767>Gabe <00:48:43.289>Holby.

1136
00:48:44.745 --> 00:48:47.325
<00:48:44.745>So <00:48:44.872>just <00:48:44.999>to <00:48:45.126>recap, <00:48:45.254>um, <00:48:45.381>we <00:48:45.508>talked <00:48:45.635>a <00:48:45.763>little <00:48:45.890>bit <00:48:46.017>about <00:48:46.145>some

1137
00:48:47.325 --> 00:48:50.045
<00:48:47.325>of <00:48:47.441>the <00:48:47.558>things <00:48:47.674>I <00:48:47.791>find <00:48:47.908>cool <00:48:48.024>about <00:48:48.141>A <00:48:48.258>IML, <00:48:48.375>some <00:48:48.491>of <00:48:48.608>the <00:48:48.725>stuff

1138
00:48:50.045 --> 00:48:51.485
<00:48:50.045>that <00:48:50.304>gets <00:48:50.563>me <00:48:50.822>excited <00:48:51.081>about <00:48:51.341>it.

1139
00:48:51.785 --> 00:48:54.165
<00:48:51.785>Um, <00:48:52.065>like <00:48:52.345>advances <00:48:52.625>in <00:48:52.904>solving, <00:48:53.185>uh,

1140
00:48:54.225 --> 00:48:57.805
<00:48:54.225>in <00:48:54.380>in <00:48:54.536>helping <00:48:54.691>eradicate <00:48:54.847>COVID <00:48:55.002>in, <00:48:55.158>in, <00:48:55.313>uh, <00:48:55.469>creating <00:48:55.625>art

1141
00:48:57.805 --> 00:48:59.085
<00:48:57.805>and <00:48:58.035>in <00:48:58.265>getting <00:48:58.496>pizza <00:48:58.726>to <00:48:58.957>everyone

1142
00:48:59.085 --> 00:49:00.245
<00:48:59.085>faster, <00:48:59.293>which <00:48:59.502>who <00:48:59.711>doesn't <00:48:59.920>want <00:49:00.129>that?

1143
00:49:00.785 --> 00:49:03.285
<00:49:00.785>Um, <00:49:00.924>we <00:49:01.065>talked <00:49:01.205>about <00:49:01.345>why <00:49:01.484>I <00:49:01.625>think <00:49:01.765>it's <00:49:01.904>important <00:49:02.045>for <00:49:02.185>you

1144
00:49:03.285 --> 00:49:04.845
<00:49:03.285>to <00:49:03.565>know <00:49:03.845>something <00:49:04.125>about <00:49:04.404>machine <00:49:04.685>learning,

1145
00:49:04.875 --> 00:49:06.965
<00:49:04.875>even <00:49:05.050>if <00:49:05.225>you <00:49:05.400>don't <00:49:05.575>think <00:49:05.750>it <00:49:05.925>impacts <00:49:06.100>your <00:49:06.275>job

1146
00:49:06.985 --> 00:49:08.165
<00:49:06.985>as <00:49:07.339>a <00:49:07.693>software <00:49:08.047>developer.

1147
00:49:08.585 --> 00:49:10.885
<00:49:08.585>We <00:49:08.785>talked <00:49:08.985>about <00:49:09.185>the <00:49:09.385>AWS <00:49:09.585>machine <00:49:09.785>learning <00:49:09.985>stack

1148
00:49:10.905 --> 00:49:13.805
<00:49:10.905>and <00:49:11.060>how <00:49:11.216>we <00:49:11.371>have <00:49:11.527>different <00:49:11.682>services <00:49:11.838>at <00:49:11.993>three <00:49:12.149>different <00:49:12.305>tiers

1149
00:49:13.805 --> 00:49:15.485
<00:49:13.805>depending <00:49:14.038>on <00:49:14.271>your <00:49:14.504>level <00:49:14.738>of <00:49:14.971>machine <00:49:15.205>learning

1150
00:49:15.485 --> 00:49:16.685
<00:49:15.485>capability <00:49:16.025>and <00:49:16.565>knowledge.

1151
00:49:16.985 --> 00:49:19.845
<00:49:16.985>And <00:49:17.112>then <00:49:17.239>I <00:49:17.366>talked <00:49:17.494>to <00:49:17.621>you <00:49:17.748>about <00:49:17.875>my <00:49:18.003>little <00:49:18.130>knit <00:49:18.257>ML <00:49:18.385>projects

1152
00:49:19.845 --> 00:49:22.485
<00:49:19.845>about <00:49:20.020>trying <00:49:20.194>to <00:49:20.370>teach <00:49:20.544>a <00:49:20.720>computer <00:49:20.895>to <00:49:21.069>reverse <00:49:21.245>engineering.

1153
00:49:22.485 --> 00:49:24.205
<00:49:22.485>And <00:49:22.625>there's <00:49:22.765>no <00:49:22.905>way <00:49:23.045>I'm <00:49:23.185>done <00:49:23.325>with <00:49:23.465>this, <00:49:23.605>by <00:49:23.745>the <00:49:23.885>way.

1154
00:49:24.205 --> 00:49:25.845
<00:49:24.205>This <00:49:24.438>is, <00:49:24.671>this <00:49:24.904>is <00:49:25.138>gonna <00:49:25.371>be <00:49:25.605>ongoing.

1155
00:49:27.025 --> 00:49:28.805
<00:49:27.025>That's <00:49:27.225>really <00:49:27.425>all <00:49:27.625>I <00:49:27.825>had <00:49:28.025>for <00:49:28.225>you <00:49:28.425>today.

1156
00:49:29.045 --> 00:49:31.125
<00:49:29.045>I <00:49:29.200>did <00:49:29.356>just <00:49:29.511>wanna <00:49:29.667>quickly <00:49:29.822>mention <00:49:29.978>though, <00:49:30.133>by <00:49:30.289>the <00:49:30.445>way,

1157
00:49:31.125 --> 00:49:33.645
<00:49:31.125>if <00:49:31.265>you <00:49:31.405>didn't <00:49:31.545>know, <00:49:31.685>we <00:49:31.825>have <00:49:31.965>a <00:49:32.105>new <00:49:32.245>region <00:49:32.385>coming <00:49:32.525>in

1158
00:49:33.645 --> 00:49:34.765
<00:49:33.645>Switzerland <00:49:34.149>next <00:49:34.653>year.

1159
00:49:34.985 --> 00:49:37.485
<00:49:34.985>So <00:49:35.112>if <00:49:35.239>you're <00:49:35.366>in <00:49:35.494>region, <00:49:35.621>this <00:49:35.748>might <00:49:35.875>be <00:49:36.003>of <00:49:36.130>interest <00:49:36.257>to <00:49:36.385>you.

1160
00:49:38.065 --> 00:49:40.365
<00:49:38.065>Uh, <00:49:38.192>check <00:49:38.319>it <00:49:38.446>out <00:49:38.574>and <00:49:38.701>thank <00:49:38.828>you <00:49:38.955>so <00:49:39.083>much <00:49:39.210>for <00:49:39.337>having <00:49:39.465>me.