WEBVTT

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<00:00:05.075>So <00:00:05.301>my <00:00:05.528>name <00:00:05.755>is <00:00:05.982>Emma <00:00:06.209>Dawson.

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<00:00:06.395>I'm <00:00:06.675>a <00:00:06.954>front <00:00:07.234>end, <00:00:07.515>uh, <00:00:07.795>developer

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<00:00:08.235>and <00:00:08.410>an <00:00:08.584>accessibility <00:00:08.760>specialist <00:00:08.934>from <00:00:09.110>Access <00:00:09.285>Lab <00:00:09.459>in <00:00:09.635>Sweden.

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<00:00:12.235>Uh, <00:00:12.390>been <00:00:12.546>working <00:00:12.701>as <00:00:12.857>a <00:00:13.012>consultant <00:00:13.168>for <00:00:13.323>various <00:00:13.479>different, <00:00:13.635>uh,

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<00:00:16.335>companies <00:00:16.707>and <00:00:17.079>banks, <00:00:17.451>um,

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<00:00:17.725>currently <00:00:17.900>working <00:00:18.075>at <00:00:18.250>a <00:00:18.425>very <00:00:18.600>large <00:00:18.775>e-commerce <00:00:18.950>store, <00:00:19.125>uh,

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<00:00:21.715>and <00:00:21.915>trying <00:00:22.115>to <00:00:22.315>help <00:00:22.515>them <00:00:22.715>get <00:00:22.915>more <00:00:23.115>accessible.

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<00:00:24.715>Um, <00:00:24.831>but <00:00:24.948>the <00:00:25.065>point <00:00:25.181>of <00:00:25.298>my <00:00:25.415>talk <00:00:25.531>today <00:00:25.648>is <00:00:25.765>to, <00:00:25.881>uh, <00:00:25.998>come <00:00:26.115>here

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<00:00:28.255>and <00:00:28.410>give <00:00:28.566>you <00:00:28.721>some <00:00:28.877>ideas <00:00:29.032>of <00:00:29.188>how <00:00:29.343>to <00:00:29.499>get <00:00:29.654>started,

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<00:00:30.385>especially <00:00:30.618>if <00:00:30.851>you're <00:00:31.085>kind <00:00:31.318>of <00:00:31.551>feeling <00:00:31.785>overwhelmed,

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<00:00:39.035>So <00:00:39.268>what <00:00:39.501>we're <00:00:39.735>gonna <00:00:39.968>cover <00:00:40.201>is <00:00:40.434>briefly,

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<00:00:44.635>And <00:00:44.835>then <00:00:45.035>I <00:00:45.235>want <00:00:45.434>to <00:00:45.635>just <00:00:45.835>touch <00:00:46.035>on

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<00:00:46.255>what <00:00:46.430>the <00:00:46.605>new <00:00:46.780>regulations <00:00:46.955>are <00:00:47.130>and <00:00:47.305>what <00:00:47.480>they <00:00:47.655>mean.

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<00:00:48.675>Um, <00:00:48.849>but <00:00:49.025>I <00:00:49.199>want <00:00:49.375>actually <00:00:49.550>to <00:00:49.724>spend <00:00:49.900>the <00:00:50.074>majority

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<00:00:50.915>of <00:00:51.031>this <00:00:51.148>talk <00:00:51.265>on <00:00:51.381>how <00:00:51.498>you <00:00:51.615>can <00:00:51.731>go <00:00:51.848>away <00:00:51.964>from <00:00:52.081>this <00:00:52.198>talk <00:00:52.315>today,

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<00:00:55.115>go <00:00:55.255>back <00:00:55.395>to <00:00:55.535>your <00:00:55.675>daily <00:00:55.815>lives, <00:00:55.955>your <00:00:56.095>daily <00:00:56.235>jobs <00:00:56.375>as <00:00:56.515>developers,

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<00:00:58.395>and <00:00:58.675>start <00:00:58.955>making <00:00:59.235>things <00:00:59.515>more <00:00:59.795>accessible

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<00:01:00.415>and <00:01:00.589>better <00:01:00.765>for <00:01:00.940>people <00:01:01.115>with <00:01:01.290>disabilities <00:01:01.464>from <00:01:01.640>now <00:01:01.815>on.

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<00:01:05.235>So <00:01:05.410>why <00:01:05.585>make <00:01:05.760>things <00:01:05.935>accessible <00:01:06.110>in <00:01:06.285>the <00:01:06.460>first <00:01:06.635>place?

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<00:01:08.325>Well, <00:01:08.525>there <00:01:08.725>are <00:01:08.925>about, <00:01:09.125>uh, <00:01:09.325>20 <00:01:09.525>to <00:01:09.725>25%

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<00:01:13.095>of <00:01:13.235>people <00:01:13.375>across <00:01:13.515>the <00:01:13.655>globe <00:01:13.795>that <00:01:13.935>have <00:01:14.075>some <00:01:14.215>sort <00:01:14.355>of <00:01:14.495>disability

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<00:01:17.595>in <00:01:17.750>terms <00:01:17.906>of <00:01:18.061>Europe <00:01:18.217>that <00:01:18.372>is <00:01:18.528>over <00:01:18.683>101 <00:01:18.839>million <00:01:18.995>people.

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<00:01:22.155>Uh, <00:01:22.330>in <00:01:22.505>terms <00:01:22.680>of <00:01:22.855>worldwide, <00:01:23.030>that's <00:01:23.205>1.3 <00:01:23.380>billion <00:01:23.555>people.

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<00:01:25.595>That's <00:01:25.795>a <00:01:25.995>really <00:01:26.195>large <00:01:26.395>number <00:01:26.595>to <00:01:26.795>think <00:01:26.995>of.

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<00:01:28.275>And <00:01:28.508>also <00:01:28.741>as <00:01:28.975>we <00:01:29.208>age, <00:01:29.441>the <00:01:29.675>likeliness

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<00:01:30.914>of <00:01:31.089>us <00:01:31.264>having <00:01:31.440>a <00:01:31.615>disability <00:01:31.789>gets <00:01:31.964>larger <00:01:32.139>and <00:01:32.315>larger.

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<00:01:34.315>So <00:01:34.455>if <00:01:34.595>you <00:01:34.735>just <00:01:34.875>turn <00:01:35.015>to <00:01:35.155>the <00:01:35.295>person <00:01:35.435>next <00:01:35.575>to <00:01:35.715>you

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<00:01:42.235>So <00:01:42.351>if <00:01:42.468>you <00:01:42.585>don't <00:01:42.701>do <00:01:42.818>this <00:01:42.935>for <00:01:43.051>anybody <00:01:43.168>else <00:01:43.285>at <00:01:43.401>all, <00:01:43.518>do <00:01:43.635>it

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<00:01:45.835>for <00:01:45.975>yourself <00:01:46.115>because <00:01:46.255>you've <00:01:46.395>got <00:01:46.535>a <00:01:46.675>one <00:01:46.815>in <00:01:46.955>two <00:01:47.095>chance <00:01:47.235>of

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<00:01:49.655>actually <00:01:49.830>getting <00:01:50.005>a <00:01:50.180>disability <00:01:50.355>by <00:01:50.530>the <00:01:50.705>time <00:01:50.880>you're <00:01:51.055>65.

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<00:01:55.884>that <00:01:56.085>may <00:01:56.285>also <00:01:56.484>end <00:01:56.684>up <00:01:56.884>with <00:01:57.085>a <00:01:57.285>disability.

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<00:01:58.795>And <00:01:58.970>these <00:01:59.145>numbers <00:01:59.320>come <00:01:59.495>from, <00:01:59.670>uh, <00:01:59.845>the <00:02:00.020>Consilium, <00:02:00.195>uh,

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<00:02:02.455>U <00:02:02.804>Europa <00:02:03.155>eu, <00:02:03.505>uh, <00:02:03.855>website.

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<00:02:07.355>And <00:02:07.530>just <00:02:07.705>briefly <00:02:07.880>to <00:02:08.055>talk <00:02:08.230>about <00:02:08.405>the <00:02:08.580>legal <00:02:08.755>timeline,

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<00:02:09.455>it <00:02:09.805>actually <00:02:10.155>started <00:02:10.505>in <00:02:10.855>2006

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<00:02:12.405>with <00:02:12.638>the <00:02:12.871>UN <00:02:13.105>Convention <00:02:13.338>on <00:02:13.571>the <00:02:13.805>Rights

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<00:02:14.735>of <00:02:15.143>Persons <00:02:15.551>with <00:02:15.959>Disabilities.

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<00:02:16.365>This <00:02:16.565>is <00:02:16.765>a <00:02:16.965>very <00:02:17.165>broad <00:02:17.365>overarching <00:02:17.565>global <00:02:17.765>law

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<00:02:19.535>that <00:02:19.768>came <00:02:20.001>into <00:02:20.234>force <00:02:20.468>focusing <00:02:20.701>on, <00:02:20.935>um,

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<00:02:22.355>not <00:02:22.635>discriminating <00:02:22.915>against <00:02:23.195>people <00:02:23.475>with <00:02:23.755>disabilities.

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<00:02:25.315>Um, <00:02:25.665>and <00:02:26.015>it's <00:02:26.365>quite <00:02:26.715>generic,

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<00:02:27.195>but <00:02:27.428>it <00:02:27.661>led <00:02:27.894>to, <00:02:28.128>um, <00:02:28.361>a <00:02:28.595>host

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<00:02:29.915>of <00:02:30.195>other <00:02:30.475>more <00:02:30.755>specific <00:02:31.035>country <00:02:31.315>specific

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<00:02:32.335>and <00:02:32.685>region <00:02:33.035>specific <00:02:33.385>laws, <00:02:33.735>um,

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<00:02:34.475>coming <00:02:34.755>into <00:02:35.035>force <00:02:35.315>because <00:02:35.595>of <00:02:35.875>it.

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<00:02:36.875>And, <00:02:37.050>uh, <00:02:37.225>in <00:02:37.400>Europe, <00:02:37.575>that <00:02:37.750>meant <00:02:37.925>that <00:02:38.100>in <00:02:38.275>2021,

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<00:02:39.895>we <00:02:40.128>had <00:02:40.361>the <00:02:40.595>web <00:02:40.828>accessibility <00:02:41.061>directive, <00:02:41.295>uh,

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<00:02:42.745>which <00:02:43.025>is <00:02:43.305>focused <00:02:43.585>on <00:02:43.865>public <00:02:44.145>services

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<00:02:44.995>and <00:02:45.287>the <00:02:45.580>digital <00:02:45.872>environment <00:02:46.165>there.

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<00:02:46.835>And <00:02:46.990>then <00:02:47.146>two <00:02:47.301>weeks <00:02:47.457>ago, <00:02:47.612>the <00:02:47.768>28th <00:02:47.923>of <00:02:48.079>June, <00:02:48.235>2025,

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<00:02:51.075>the <00:02:51.308>European <00:02:51.541>Accessibility <00:02:51.774>Act <00:02:52.008>came <00:02:52.241>into <00:02:52.475>force.

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<00:02:54.435>Uh, <00:02:54.562>this <00:02:54.689>is <00:02:54.816>a <00:02:54.944>law <00:02:55.071>that <00:02:55.198>focuses <00:02:55.325>on <00:02:55.453>private <00:02:55.580>digital <00:02:55.707>space, <00:02:55.835>uh,

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<00:02:59.085>both <00:02:59.551>products <00:03:00.018>and <00:03:00.485>services.

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<00:03:03.225>And <00:03:03.480>so <00:03:03.736>what <00:03:03.991>kind <00:03:04.247>of, <00:03:04.503>uh,

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<00:03:04.645>products <00:03:04.785>are <00:03:04.925>covered <00:03:05.065>in <00:03:05.205>this <00:03:05.345>in <00:03:05.485>case <00:03:05.625>you <00:03:05.765>work <00:03:05.905>with <00:03:06.045>hardware,

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<00:03:08.065>um, <00:03:08.265>computers <00:03:08.465>and <00:03:08.665>operating <00:03:08.865>systems <00:03:09.065>from <00:03:09.265>now <00:03:09.465>on.

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<00:03:11.245>And <00:03:11.445>if <00:03:11.645>everything <00:03:11.845>sold <00:03:12.045>from <00:03:12.245>now <00:03:12.445>on, <00:03:12.645>needs

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<00:03:13.045>to <00:03:13.405>already <00:03:13.765>be <00:03:14.125>accessible.

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<00:03:14.705>Gaming <00:03:14.905>consoles, <00:03:15.105>ATMs, <00:03:15.305>ticketing <00:03:15.505>machines <00:03:15.705>for <00:03:15.905>transport, <00:03:16.105>uh,

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<00:03:19.325>smartphone <00:03:20.024>TV <00:03:20.725>equipment.

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<00:03:20.925>This <00:03:21.100>is <00:03:21.275>just <00:03:21.450>a <00:03:21.625>small <00:03:21.800>selection, <00:03:21.975>um, <00:03:22.150>of <00:03:22.325>things.

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<00:03:25.185>And <00:03:25.418>for <00:03:25.651>services, <00:03:25.885>which <00:03:26.118>probably <00:03:26.351>the <00:03:26.585>majority

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<00:03:27.905>of <00:03:28.032>us <00:03:28.159>in <00:03:28.286>here <00:03:28.414>work <00:03:28.541>with, <00:03:28.668>uh, <00:03:28.795>anything <00:03:28.923>to <00:03:29.050>do <00:03:29.177>with <00:03:29.305>e-commerce,

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<00:03:32.305>uh, <00:03:32.460>banking, <00:03:32.616>transport <00:03:32.771>sites, <00:03:32.927>uh, <00:03:33.082>being <00:03:33.238>able <00:03:33.393>to <00:03:33.549>buy <00:03:33.705>tickets

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<00:03:37.385>for <00:03:37.524>flights, <00:03:37.665>for, <00:03:37.804>uh, <00:03:37.945>buses, <00:03:38.084>for <00:03:38.225>trains, <00:03:38.364>that <00:03:38.505>kind <00:03:38.644>of <00:03:38.785>thing.

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<00:03:41.185>Uh, <00:03:41.340>anything <00:03:41.496>to <00:03:41.651>do <00:03:41.807>with <00:03:41.962>eBooks <00:03:42.118>and <00:03:42.273>also <00:03:42.429>emergency <00:03:42.585>services

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<00:03:44.345>and <00:03:44.545>customer <00:03:44.745>services <00:03:44.945>need <00:03:45.145>now <00:03:45.345>to <00:03:45.545>be <00:03:45.745>accessible.

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<00:03:49.945>And <00:03:50.120>in <00:03:50.295>order <00:03:50.470>to <00:03:50.644>help <00:03:50.820>us <00:03:50.995>with <00:03:51.170>this <00:03:51.345>work,

76
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<00:03:52.125>there <00:03:52.280>is <00:03:52.436>also <00:03:52.591>some <00:03:52.747>standards <00:03:52.902>that <00:03:53.058>have <00:03:53.213>been <00:03:53.369>created, <00:03:53.525>um,

77
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<00:03:56.665>for <00:03:56.945>both <00:03:57.225>of <00:03:57.505>these, <00:03:57.785>uh, <00:03:58.065>laws.

78
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<00:03:58.795>Just <00:03:58.970>one <00:03:59.145>of <00:03:59.320>them <00:03:59.495>that's <00:03:59.670>mainly <00:03:59.845>appropriate <00:04:00.020>for <00:04:00.195>web,

79
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<00:04:01.585>for <00:04:01.785>products <00:04:01.985>and <00:04:02.185>services <00:04:02.385>has <00:04:02.585>a <00:04:02.785>great <00:04:02.985>name.

80
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<00:04:04.195>It's <00:04:04.350>called <00:04:04.506>the <00:04:04.661>EN <00:04:04.817>3 <00:04:04.972>0 <00:04:05.128>1 <00:04:05.283>5 <00:04:05.439>4 <00:04:05.595>9.

81
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<00:04:07.185>Um, <00:04:07.385>and <00:04:07.585>that's <00:04:07.785>the <00:04:07.985>standard <00:04:08.185>for <00:04:08.385>accessibility <00:04:08.585>requirements

82
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<00:04:11.205>for <00:04:11.485>product <00:04:11.765>ICT <00:04:12.045>products <00:04:12.325>and <00:04:12.605>services.

83
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<00:04:13.785>And <00:04:13.984>basically, <00:04:14.185>if <00:04:14.385>you <00:04:14.585>conform <00:04:14.785>to <00:04:14.984>everything <00:04:15.185>in

84
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<00:04:16.644>that <00:04:16.800>standard, <00:04:16.956>you <00:04:17.111>are <00:04:17.267>said <00:04:17.422>to <00:04:17.578>comply <00:04:17.733>with <00:04:17.889>the <00:04:18.044>law.

85
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<00:04:20.065>Um, <00:04:20.165>the <00:04:20.265>en <00:04:20.365>N <00:04:20.464>3 <00:04:20.565>0 <00:04:20.665>1 <00:04:20.765>5 <00:04:20.865>4 <00:04:20.964>9 <00:04:21.065>then <00:04:21.165>is <00:04:21.265>built <00:04:21.365>on <00:04:21.464>top

86
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<00:04:25.065>of, <00:04:25.265>um, <00:04:25.465>a <00:04:25.665>global <00:04:25.865>standard <00:04:26.065>called <00:04:26.265>the <00:04:26.465>WCAG

87
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<00:04:28.645>or <00:04:28.820>WIC <00:04:28.995>a, <00:04:29.169>uh, <00:04:29.344>level <00:04:29.520>A <00:04:29.695>and <00:04:29.870>double <00:04:30.044>A.

88
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<00:04:31.465>But <00:04:31.664>this <00:04:31.864>standard <00:04:32.065>does <00:04:32.265>also <00:04:32.465>have <00:04:32.664>some <00:04:32.864>requirements

89
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<00:04:33.995>outside <00:04:34.503>of <00:04:35.012>wcag.

90
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<00:04:35.425>Um, <00:04:35.552>so <00:04:35.679>it's <00:04:35.806>important <00:04:35.934>to <00:04:36.061>know <00:04:36.188>that <00:04:36.315>if <00:04:36.443>you <00:04:36.570>follow <00:04:36.697>WIC <00:04:36.825>a,

91
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<00:04:38.465>you <00:04:38.640>might <00:04:38.815>still <00:04:38.990>not <00:04:39.165>be <00:04:39.340>compliant <00:04:39.515>with <00:04:39.690>the <00:04:39.865>law.

92
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<00:04:40.945>Um, <00:04:41.100>so <00:04:41.256>you <00:04:41.411>do <00:04:41.567>need <00:04:41.722>to <00:04:41.878>have <00:04:42.033>a <00:04:42.189>look <00:04:42.344>at

93
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<00:04:43.245>what <00:04:43.518>are <00:04:43.792>the <00:04:44.065>requirements <00:04:44.339>there <00:04:44.613>are.

94
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<00:04:45.235>However, <00:04:45.375>this <00:04:45.515>is <00:04:45.655>not <00:04:45.795>the <00:04:45.935>place <00:04:46.075>I <00:04:46.215>would <00:04:46.355>suggest <00:04:46.495>you <00:04:46.635>start.

95
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<00:04:49.255>These <00:04:49.455>standards <00:04:49.655>documents <00:04:49.855>are <00:04:50.055>hundreds <00:04:50.255>of <00:04:50.455>pages <00:04:50.655>long.

96
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<00:04:53.205>There's <00:04:53.438>a <00:04:53.671>lot <00:04:53.905>of <00:04:54.138>legalese <00:04:54.371>within <00:04:54.604>them.

97
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<00:04:55.995>Very <00:04:56.195>tough <00:04:56.395>to <00:04:56.595>read, <00:04:56.795>quite <00:04:56.995>boring <00:04:57.195>to <00:04:57.395>read,

98
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<00:04:58.485>especially <00:04:58.765>if <00:04:59.045>you're <00:04:59.325>not <00:04:59.605>super <00:04:59.885>interested.

99
00:05:00.985 --> 00:05:02.845
<00:05:00.985>Um, <00:05:01.265>so <00:05:01.545>I <00:05:01.825>wouldn't <00:05:02.105>start <00:05:02.385>here.

100
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<00:05:05.345>And <00:05:05.472>so <00:05:05.599>the <00:05:05.726>point <00:05:05.854>of <00:05:05.981>today, <00:05:06.108>today's <00:05:06.235>talk <00:05:06.363>is <00:05:06.490>to <00:05:06.617>talk <00:05:06.745>about

101
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<00:05:08.805>where <00:05:09.005>should <00:05:09.205>you <00:05:09.405>start <00:05:09.605>if <00:05:09.805>you <00:05:10.005>don't <00:05:10.205>want

102
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<00:05:10.725>to <00:05:10.984>be <00:05:11.243>like <00:05:11.502>bombarded <00:05:11.761>with <00:05:12.021>all

103
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<00:05:12.165>of <00:05:12.265>this <00:05:12.365>technical <00:05:12.465>information <00:05:12.565>in <00:05:12.665>the, <00:05:12.765>uh, <00:05:12.865>en <00:05:12.965>N <00:05:13.065>3 <00:05:13.165>0 <00:05:13.265>1 <00:05:13.365>5 <00:05:13.465>4 <00:05:13.565>9,

104
00:05:16.405 --> 00:05:17.525
<00:05:16.405>and <00:05:16.657>the <00:05:16.909>WIC <00:05:17.161>a <00:05:17.412>standard.

105
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<00:05:19.625>Um, <00:05:19.752>before <00:05:19.879>I <00:05:20.006>talk <00:05:20.134>about <00:05:20.261>the <00:05:20.388>steps <00:05:20.515>I <00:05:20.643>want <00:05:20.770>to <00:05:20.897>take, <00:05:21.025>um,

106
00:05:23.205 --> 00:05:24.245
<00:05:23.205>I <00:05:23.392>want <00:05:23.579>you <00:05:23.766>to <00:05:23.953>first <00:05:24.141>remember

107
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<00:05:24.245>that <00:05:24.478>actually <00:05:24.711>accessibility <00:05:24.945>is <00:05:25.178>a <00:05:25.411>joint <00:05:25.645>effort.

108
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<00:05:27.025>So <00:05:27.375>I'm <00:05:27.724>guessing <00:05:28.075>that <00:05:28.424>majority

109
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<00:05:28.725>of <00:05:28.925>people <00:05:29.125>in <00:05:29.325>the <00:05:29.525>room <00:05:29.725>today <00:05:29.925>are <00:05:30.125>developers.

110
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<00:05:31.385>And <00:05:31.560>yes, <00:05:31.735>developers <00:05:31.909>do <00:05:32.085>have <00:05:32.260>a <00:05:32.435>really <00:05:32.610>important <00:05:32.784>role

111
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<00:05:34.045>to <00:05:34.200>play <00:05:34.356>in <00:05:34.511>this, <00:05:34.667>but <00:05:34.822>you <00:05:34.978>don't <00:05:35.133>have <00:05:35.289>the <00:05:35.445>only

112
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<00:05:36.475>role <00:05:37.055>in <00:05:37.635>accessibility.

113
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<00:05:37.945>So <00:05:38.100>your <00:05:38.256>designers <00:05:38.411>need <00:05:38.567>to <00:05:38.722>be <00:05:38.878>doing <00:05:39.033>this <00:05:39.189>as <00:05:39.344>well.

114
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<00:05:41.125>Your <00:05:41.325>product <00:05:41.525>owners <00:05:41.725>need <00:05:41.925>to <00:05:42.125>be <00:05:42.325>on <00:05:42.525>board.

115
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<00:05:42.805>You <00:05:43.005>need <00:05:43.205>to <00:05:43.405>have <00:05:43.605>content <00:05:43.805>management, <00:05:44.005>quality <00:05:44.205>assurance,

116
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<00:05:45.585>all <00:05:45.859>the <00:05:46.134>people <00:05:46.408>that <00:05:46.683>work

117
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<00:05:46.995>with <00:05:47.122>you <00:05:47.249>in <00:05:47.376>your <00:05:47.504>teams <00:05:47.631>on <00:05:47.758>a <00:05:47.885>daily <00:05:48.013>basis <00:05:48.140>need <00:05:48.267>to <00:05:48.395>understand

118
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<00:05:50.165>that <00:05:50.340>this <00:05:50.515>is <00:05:50.690>something <00:05:50.865>we <00:05:51.040>must <00:05:51.215>do <00:05:51.390>now, <00:05:51.565>uh,

119
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<00:05:52.745>and, <00:05:52.900>um, <00:05:53.056>get <00:05:53.211>on <00:05:53.367>board <00:05:53.522>with <00:05:53.678>following <00:05:53.833>the <00:05:53.989>new <00:05:54.145>law.

120
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<00:05:56.065>And <00:05:56.306>that <00:05:56.547>can <00:05:56.788>take <00:05:57.029>more <00:05:57.270>time.

121
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<00:05:57.985>Um, <00:05:58.140>but <00:05:58.296>there <00:05:58.451>are <00:05:58.607>a <00:05:58.762>number <00:05:58.918>of <00:05:59.073>things <00:05:59.229>that <00:05:59.385>we

122
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<00:05:59.985>as <00:06:00.399>developers <00:06:00.813>can <00:06:01.227>do.

123
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<00:06:03.545>And <00:06:03.745>the <00:06:03.945>main <00:06:04.145>point <00:06:04.345>of <00:06:04.545>this <00:06:04.745>talk <00:06:04.945>is,

124
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<00:06:06.845>I <00:06:07.020>don't <00:06:07.195>want <00:06:07.370>people <00:06:07.545>leaving <00:06:07.720>here <00:06:07.895>today <00:06:08.070>feeling <00:06:08.245>super

125
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<00:06:09.325>overwhelmed <00:06:09.558>because <00:06:09.791>that's <00:06:10.025>what <00:06:10.258>reading <00:06:10.491>WIC <00:06:10.724>a

126
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<00:06:11.605>and <00:06:11.780>Theen <00:06:11.955>standard <00:06:12.130>and <00:06:12.305>things <00:06:12.480>can <00:06:12.655>do <00:06:12.830>to <00:06:13.005>you.

127
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<00:06:13.965>If <00:06:14.164>you're <00:06:14.364>just <00:06:14.565>like, <00:06:14.765>I'm <00:06:14.965>gonna <00:06:15.164>read <00:06:15.364>everything,

128
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<00:06:15.785>I'm <00:06:15.960>gonna <00:06:16.135>learn <00:06:16.310>everything, <00:06:16.485>and <00:06:16.660>you <00:06:16.835>look <00:06:17.010>at <00:06:17.185>it

129
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<00:06:17.765>and <00:06:17.905>you're <00:06:18.044>just <00:06:18.185>like, <00:06:18.325>oh <00:06:18.465>my <00:06:18.604>God, <00:06:18.745>where <00:06:18.885>do <00:06:19.025>I <00:06:19.164>start?

130
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<00:06:20.705>So <00:06:20.832>the <00:06:20.959>main <00:06:21.086>point <00:06:21.214>of <00:06:21.341>today <00:06:21.468>is <00:06:21.595>break <00:06:21.723>it <00:06:21.850>into <00:06:21.977>smaller <00:06:22.104>steps.

131
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<00:06:25.105>And <00:06:25.385>these <00:06:25.665>are <00:06:25.945>the <00:06:26.225>smaller <00:06:26.505>steps

132
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<00:06:26.805>that <00:06:26.960>I <00:06:27.116>would <00:06:27.271>suggest <00:06:27.427>if <00:06:27.582>you <00:06:27.738>feel <00:06:27.893>that <00:06:28.049>you <00:06:28.205>want

133
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<00:06:29.285>to <00:06:29.485>change <00:06:29.685>them <00:06:29.885>into <00:06:30.085>a <00:06:30.285>slightly <00:06:30.485>different <00:06:30.685>order.

134
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<00:06:31.515>Fair <00:06:32.041>enough. <00:06:32.568>Um,

135
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<00:06:32.784>but <00:06:33.064>this <00:06:33.344>is <00:06:33.624>like, <00:06:33.905>um, <00:06:34.184>something

136
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<00:06:34.765>that <00:06:34.959>I <00:06:35.153>think <00:06:35.348>would <00:06:35.542>work <00:06:35.737>well.

137
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<00:06:37.025>So <00:06:37.258>step <00:06:37.491>one, <00:06:37.724>before <00:06:37.958>you <00:06:38.191>even <00:06:38.424>go

138
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<00:06:39.784>and <00:06:39.924>do <00:06:40.064>anything <00:06:40.205>technical <00:06:40.344>at <00:06:40.484>all, <00:06:40.624>I <00:06:40.765>want <00:06:40.905>you <00:06:41.044>to <00:06:41.184>go

139
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<00:06:43.284>and <00:06:43.460>think <00:06:43.635>about <00:06:43.809>how <00:06:43.984>disabled <00:06:44.159>people <00:06:44.335>actually <00:06:44.510>navigate <00:06:44.684>the

140
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<00:06:46.325>web, <00:06:46.500>and <00:06:46.675>there <00:06:46.849>are <00:06:47.025>some <00:06:47.200>resources <00:06:47.375>to <00:06:47.550>do <00:06:47.724>this.

141
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<00:06:49.825>Um, <00:06:49.952>so <00:06:50.079>on <00:06:50.206>the <00:06:50.334>screen, <00:06:50.461>I've <00:06:50.588>got <00:06:50.715>a <00:06:50.843>picture <00:06:50.970>at <00:06:51.097>the <00:06:51.224>top

142
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<00:06:53.545>of <00:06:53.778>a <00:06:54.011>man <00:06:54.245>sitting <00:06:54.478>in <00:06:54.711>a <00:06:54.945>wheelchair.

143
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<00:06:55.865>And <00:06:55.981>you <00:06:56.098>might <00:06:56.215>just <00:06:56.331>be <00:06:56.448>able <00:06:56.565>to <00:06:56.681>point <00:06:56.798>out <00:06:56.915>that <00:06:57.031>on <00:06:57.148>his <00:06:57.265>cheek,

144
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<00:06:59.355>he's <00:06:59.510>got <00:06:59.666>a <00:06:59.821>small <00:06:59.977>blue <00:07:00.132>kind <00:07:00.288>of, <00:07:00.443>uh, <00:07:00.599>bubble <00:07:00.755>thing.

145
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<00:07:03.035>It's <00:07:03.507>a <00:07:03.979>joystick,

146
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<00:07:04.385>and <00:07:04.525>he <00:07:04.664>can <00:07:04.805>control <00:07:04.945>the <00:07:05.085>whole <00:07:05.224>of <00:07:05.365>his <00:07:05.505>computer, <00:07:05.645>the <00:07:05.784>whole

147
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<00:07:07.525>of <00:07:07.822>the <00:07:08.119>internet <00:07:08.416>and <00:07:08.713>websites

148
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<00:07:08.845>and <00:07:09.000>things <00:07:09.156>just <00:07:09.311>by <00:07:09.467>controlling <00:07:09.622>this <00:07:09.778>joystick <00:07:09.933>with <00:07:10.089>his <00:07:10.245>chin

149
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<00:07:12.885>because <00:07:13.060>he <00:07:13.235>doesn't <00:07:13.409>have <00:07:13.585>the <00:07:13.760>use <00:07:13.935>of <00:07:14.110>any <00:07:14.284>arms.

150
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<00:07:15.625>So <00:07:15.858>that's <00:07:16.091>one <00:07:16.325>example <00:07:16.558>of <00:07:16.791>assistive <00:07:17.025>technology

151
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<00:07:41.105>Um, <00:07:41.305>so <00:07:41.505>that's <00:07:41.705>just <00:07:41.905>a <00:07:42.105>couple <00:07:42.305>of <00:07:42.505>examples,

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<00:07:57.105>how <00:07:57.245>are <00:07:57.385>you <00:07:57.525>gonna <00:07:57.665>make <00:07:57.805>sure <00:07:57.945>you <00:07:58.085>don't <00:07:58.225>tra <00:07:58.365>trigger <00:07:58.505>epileptic

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<00:08:00.005>seizures <00:08:00.238>for <00:08:00.471>people <00:08:00.705>with <00:08:00.938>photo <00:08:01.171>sensitive <00:08:01.405>epilepsy?

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170
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<00:08:06.965>and <00:08:07.469>learning <00:08:07.972>difficulties

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<00:08:08.545>and <00:08:08.935>even <00:08:09.325>elderly <00:08:09.715>people

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<00:08:22.445>w <00:08:22.678>three.org/w/people <00:08:22.911>where <00:08:23.145>you <00:08:23.378>can <00:08:23.611>go <00:08:23.844>in

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<00:08:29.585>how <00:08:29.818>different <00:08:30.051>disabled <00:08:30.284>people <00:08:30.518>navigate <00:08:30.751>the <00:08:30.984>web.

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<00:08:55.665>Um, <00:08:55.820>and <00:08:55.976>many <00:08:56.131>of <00:08:56.287>the, <00:08:56.442>uh, <00:08:56.598>assistive <00:08:56.753>technologies <00:08:56.909>that <00:08:57.064>exist

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<00:09:00.715>work <00:09:01.065>through <00:09:01.415>accessing <00:09:01.765>keyboard <00:09:02.115>APIs.

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<00:09:03.225>So <00:09:03.365>if <00:09:03.505>you <00:09:03.645>make <00:09:03.785>sure <00:09:03.925>your <00:09:04.065>website <00:09:04.205>works <00:09:04.345>with <00:09:04.485>the <00:09:04.625>keyboard,

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<00:09:06.155>then <00:09:06.310>you <00:09:06.466>are <00:09:06.621>gonna <00:09:06.777>have <00:09:06.932>the <00:09:07.088>biggest <00:09:07.243>impact <00:09:07.399>for <00:09:07.555>people

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<00:09:08.885>with <00:09:09.060>disabilities, <00:09:09.235>uh, <00:09:09.410>being <00:09:09.585>able <00:09:09.760>to <00:09:09.935>access <00:09:10.110>your <00:09:10.285>site.

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<00:09:12.785>So <00:09:12.959>let's <00:09:13.135>look <00:09:13.310>about <00:09:13.485>what <00:09:13.660>we <00:09:13.834>mean <00:09:14.010>by <00:09:14.185>that.

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<00:09:19.685>And <00:09:19.824>by <00:09:19.964>that <00:09:20.104>I <00:09:20.244>mean <00:09:20.385>like <00:09:20.525>buttons, <00:09:20.665>form <00:09:20.805>elements, <00:09:20.944>links, <00:09:21.084>uh,

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<00:09:23.165>if <00:09:23.360>you <00:09:23.555>can't <00:09:23.751>reach <00:09:23.946>them <00:09:24.142>with <00:09:24.337>the <00:09:24.532>keyboard

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<00:09:25.465>or <00:09:25.640>maybe <00:09:25.815>you <00:09:25.990>can <00:09:26.165>reach <00:09:26.340>them <00:09:26.515>with <00:09:26.690>the <00:09:26.865>keyboard,

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<00:09:27.425>but <00:09:27.580>you <00:09:27.736>can't <00:09:27.891>activate <00:09:28.047>them, <00:09:28.202>uh, <00:09:28.358>can <00:09:28.513>you <00:09:28.669>reach <00:09:28.824>things

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<00:09:31.085>that <00:09:31.318>aren't <00:09:31.551>even <00:09:31.785>visible <00:09:32.018>on <00:09:32.251>the <00:09:32.485>screen?

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<00:09:33.345>That's <00:09:33.545>a <00:09:33.745>problem. <00:09:33.945>Uh, <00:09:34.145>can <00:09:34.345>you <00:09:34.545>reach <00:09:34.745>something

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<00:09:36.005>but <00:09:36.233>then <00:09:36.461>you <00:09:36.689>get <00:09:36.917>stuck <00:09:37.145>inside <00:09:37.372>it

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<00:09:39.245>to <00:09:39.420>completely <00:09:39.595>turn <00:09:39.770>your <00:09:39.945>computer <00:09:40.120>off <00:09:40.295>and <00:09:40.470>start <00:09:40.645>again.

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<00:09:42.285>That's <00:09:42.545>called <00:09:42.807>a <00:09:43.068>keyboard <00:09:43.329>trap.

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<00:09:44.225>Um, <00:09:44.400>you <00:09:44.575>need <00:09:44.750>to <00:09:44.925>be <00:09:45.100>looking <00:09:45.275>for <00:09:45.450>focus <00:09:45.625>order.

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<00:09:46.285>That <00:09:46.412>means <00:09:46.539>can <00:09:46.666>I <00:09:46.794>access <00:09:46.921>things <00:09:47.048>in <00:09:47.175>the <00:09:47.303>order <00:09:47.430>that <00:09:47.557>I <00:09:47.685>expect

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<00:09:49.405>to <00:09:49.605>like <00:09:49.805>top, <00:09:50.005>uh, <00:09:50.204>left <00:09:50.405>to <00:09:50.605>right, <00:09:50.805>top

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<00:09:51.845>to <00:09:52.125>bottom <00:09:52.405>in <00:09:52.685>a <00:09:52.965>logical <00:09:53.245>order?

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<00:09:54.145>And <00:09:54.345>also <00:09:54.545>looking <00:09:54.745>for <00:09:54.944>lack <00:09:55.145>of <00:09:55.345>focus <00:09:55.545>indicators.

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<00:09:57.025>So <00:09:57.165>I <00:09:57.305>might <00:09:57.444>be <00:09:57.584>able <00:09:57.725>to <00:09:57.865>reach <00:09:58.005>something <00:09:58.145>on <00:09:58.285>the <00:09:58.425>page,

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<00:09:59.205>but <00:09:59.405>I <00:09:59.605>have <00:09:59.805>no <00:10:00.005>idea <00:10:00.205>where <00:10:00.405>I <00:10:00.605>am.

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<00:10:03.425>And <00:10:03.625>there's <00:10:03.824>not <00:10:04.025>very <00:10:04.224>many <00:10:04.425>buttons <00:10:04.625>to <00:10:04.824>learn.

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<00:10:05.125>When <00:10:05.467>you're <00:10:05.809>doing <00:10:06.151>keyboard <00:10:06.492>navigation,

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<00:10:07.225>you <00:10:07.502>often <00:10:07.779>hear <00:10:08.056>people <00:10:08.333>talking <00:10:08.611>about

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<00:10:09.035>tabbing <00:10:09.386>through <00:10:09.737>the <00:10:10.088>page.

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<00:10:10.705>Uh, <00:10:10.897>so <00:10:11.090>you <00:10:11.283>should <00:10:11.476>be <00:10:11.669>able <00:10:11.862>to <00:10:12.055>tab

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<00:10:12.225>to <00:10:12.575>every <00:10:12.925>interactive <00:10:13.275>element, <00:10:13.625>uh,

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<00:10:14.585>within <00:10:14.818>interactive <00:10:15.051>elements <00:10:15.285>like <00:10:15.518>radio <00:10:15.751>buttons, <00:10:15.985>uh,

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<00:10:18.065>and <00:10:18.415>uh, <00:10:18.765>maybe <00:10:19.115>select <00:10:19.465>dropdowns.

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<00:10:19.725>You <00:10:19.864>should <00:10:20.004>be <00:10:20.143>able <00:10:20.283>to <00:10:20.422>use <00:10:20.562>the <00:10:20.701>arrow <00:10:20.841>keys.

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<00:10:21.425>Uh, <00:10:21.580>you <00:10:21.736>should <00:10:21.891>be <00:10:22.047>able <00:10:22.202>to <00:10:22.358>activate <00:10:22.513>buttons <00:10:22.669>with <00:10:22.824>space

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<00:10:23.665>and <00:10:23.839>return <00:10:24.015>and <00:10:24.189>activate <00:10:24.365>links <00:10:24.540>with <00:10:24.714>the <00:10:24.890>return <00:10:25.064>key.

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<00:10:27.105>And <00:10:27.232>you <00:10:27.359>should <00:10:27.486>be <00:10:27.614>able <00:10:27.741>to <00:10:27.868>escape <00:10:27.995>out <00:10:28.123>of <00:10:28.250>things <00:10:28.377>like <00:10:28.505>modal

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<00:10:30.225>and, <00:10:30.365>um, <00:10:30.505>anything <00:10:30.645>that <00:10:30.785>drops <00:10:30.925>down <00:10:31.065>or <00:10:31.205>pops <00:10:31.345>up <00:10:31.485>on <00:10:31.625>screen.

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<00:10:35.385>And <00:10:35.560>so <00:10:35.735>you <00:10:35.910>can <00:10:36.085>do <00:10:36.260>the <00:10:36.435>keyboard <00:10:36.610>only <00:10:36.785>test.

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<00:10:37.825>You <00:10:38.058>put <00:10:38.291>away <00:10:38.525>your <00:10:38.758>mouse <00:10:38.991>on <00:10:39.225>screen.

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<00:10:39.595>I've <00:10:39.735>just <00:10:39.875>got <00:10:40.015>an <00:10:40.155>image <00:10:40.295>of <00:10:40.435>the, <00:10:40.575>um, <00:10:40.715>above <00:10:40.855>the <00:10:40.995>fold.

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<00:10:43.065>Uh, <00:10:43.298>we <00:10:43.531>are <00:10:43.765>developers, <00:10:43.998>well, <00:10:44.231>congress <00:10:44.465>page

230
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<00:10:46.505>and <00:10:46.660>these <00:10:46.816>with <00:10:46.971>the <00:10:47.127>arrows <00:10:47.282>are <00:10:47.438>pointing <00:10:47.593>out <00:10:47.749>the <00:10:47.905>things

231
00:10:49.125 --> 00:10:51.525
<00:10:49.125>that <00:10:49.280>I <00:10:49.436>should <00:10:49.591>be <00:10:49.747>able <00:10:49.902>to <00:10:50.058>access <00:10:50.213>with <00:10:50.369>the <00:10:50.525>keyboard.

232
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<00:10:51.745>So <00:10:51.900>the <00:10:52.056>logo <00:10:52.211>link <00:10:52.367>at <00:10:52.522>the <00:10:52.678>top <00:10:52.833>of <00:10:52.989>the <00:10:53.145>page,

233
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<00:10:54.485>there <00:10:54.718>are <00:10:54.951>three <00:10:55.185>get <00:10:55.418>tickets <00:10:55.651>buttons, <00:10:55.885>uh,

234
00:10:56.965 --> 00:10:59.285
<00:10:56.965>there's <00:10:57.165>a <00:10:57.365>hamburger <00:10:57.565>menu, <00:10:57.765>there's <00:10:57.965>a <00:10:58.165>sponsored <00:10:58.365>button.

235
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<00:10:59.405>I <00:10:59.526>should <00:10:59.648>be <00:10:59.769>able <00:10:59.891>to <00:11:00.012>reach <00:11:00.134>all <00:11:00.255>of <00:11:00.377>those

236
00:11:00.485 --> 00:11:02.365
<00:11:00.485>and <00:11:00.660>activate <00:11:00.835>all <00:11:01.010>of <00:11:01.185>those <00:11:01.360>with <00:11:01.535>the <00:11:01.710>keyboard <00:11:01.885>only.

237
00:11:02.865 --> 00:11:06.045
<00:11:02.865>And <00:11:03.065>luckily, <00:11:03.265>we <00:11:03.465>are <00:11:03.665>developers <00:11:03.865>passes <00:11:04.065>this <00:11:04.265>test.

238
00:11:07.305 --> 00:11:10.925
<00:11:07.305>Um, <00:11:07.421>but <00:11:07.538>what <00:11:07.655>if <00:11:07.771>you <00:11:07.888>can't <00:11:08.005>reach <00:11:08.121>it <00:11:08.238>or <00:11:08.354>you <00:11:08.471>can't <00:11:08.588>activate <00:11:08.704>it?

239
00:11:11.345 --> 00:11:13.925
<00:11:11.345>Uh, <00:11:11.472>well, <00:11:11.599>this <00:11:11.726>is <00:11:11.854>where <00:11:11.981>the <00:11:12.108>power <00:11:12.235>of <00:11:12.363>semantic <00:11:12.490>HTML <00:11:12.617>comes <00:11:12.745>in.

240
00:11:13.925 --> 00:11:17.685
<00:11:13.925>And <00:11:14.064>this <00:11:14.204>is <00:11:14.344>often <00:11:14.484>a <00:11:14.625>problem <00:11:14.765>when <00:11:14.905>using <00:11:15.045>things <00:11:15.185>like <00:11:15.324>React

241
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<00:11:17.865>or <00:11:18.145>other, <00:11:18.425>uh, <00:11:18.705>single <00:11:18.985>page <00:11:19.265>applications.

242
00:11:20.545 --> 00:11:21.925
<00:11:20.545>You <00:11:20.959>don't <00:11:21.372>realize <00:11:21.786>what's

243
00:11:21.925 --> 00:11:24.685
<00:11:21.925>underneath <00:11:22.080>your <00:11:22.236>code <00:11:22.391>if <00:11:22.547>you <00:11:22.702>drill <00:11:22.858>down <00:11:23.013>to <00:11:23.169>the <00:11:23.324>bottom.

244
00:11:24.905 --> 00:11:27.085
<00:11:24.905>And <00:11:25.079>we <00:11:25.255>see <00:11:25.430>a <00:11:25.605>lot <00:11:25.780>of <00:11:25.954>problems <00:11:26.130>that, <00:11:26.305>uh,

245
00:11:27.085 --> 00:11:30.245
<00:11:27.085>things <00:11:27.260>interactive <00:11:27.435>elements <00:11:27.610>are <00:11:27.785>built <00:11:27.960>with <00:11:28.135>divs <00:11:28.310>and <00:11:28.485>spams.

246
00:11:30.585 --> 00:11:33.165
<00:11:30.585>Um, <00:11:30.760>but <00:11:30.935>unfortunately <00:11:31.110>diviv <00:11:31.285>with <00:11:31.460>a <00:11:31.635>roll <00:11:31.810>of <00:11:31.985>button

247
00:11:33.165 --> 00:11:35.365
<00:11:33.165>and <00:11:33.339>an <00:11:33.515>on <00:11:33.689>click <00:11:33.865>is <00:11:34.040>absolutely <00:11:34.214>not <00:11:34.390>the <00:11:34.564>same

248
00:11:35.365 --> 00:11:37.925
<00:11:35.365>as <00:11:35.492>just <00:11:35.619>using <00:11:35.746>a <00:11:35.874>button <00:11:36.001>with <00:11:36.128>an <00:11:36.255>on <00:11:36.383>click <00:11:36.510>with <00:11:36.637>the <00:11:36.765>div.

249
00:11:38.225 --> 00:11:40.085
<00:11:38.225>You <00:11:38.575>can't <00:11:38.925>access <00:11:39.275>it <00:11:39.625>automatically

250
00:11:40.085 --> 00:11:42.525
<00:11:40.085>with <00:11:40.285>the <00:11:40.485>keyboard <00:11:40.685>without <00:11:40.885>adding <00:11:41.085>a <00:11:41.285>tab <00:11:41.485>index.

251
00:11:42.705 --> 00:11:45.565
<00:11:42.705>And <00:11:42.821>even <00:11:42.938>if <00:11:43.055>you <00:11:43.171>add <00:11:43.288>a <00:11:43.405>tab <00:11:43.521>index, <00:11:43.638>you <00:11:43.755>can't <00:11:43.871>then <00:11:43.988>activate <00:11:44.105>it

252
00:11:45.875 --> 00:11:47.725
<00:11:45.875>with <00:11:46.075>the <00:11:46.275>enter <00:11:46.475>key <00:11:46.675>or <00:11:46.875>the <00:11:47.075>space <00:11:47.275>key.

253
00:11:48.105 --> 00:11:50.565
<00:11:48.105>So <00:11:48.245>you <00:11:48.385>need <00:11:48.525>to <00:11:48.665>do <00:11:48.805>a <00:11:48.945>lot <00:11:49.085>of <00:11:49.225>extra <00:11:49.365>work, <00:11:49.505>um,

254
00:11:50.625 --> 00:11:52.845
<00:11:50.625>to <00:11:50.825>make <00:11:51.025>a <00:11:51.225>diviv <00:11:51.425>work <00:11:51.625>like <00:11:51.825>a <00:11:52.025>button.

255
00:11:53.235 --> 00:11:54.565
<00:11:53.235>It's <00:11:53.634>much <00:11:54.033>more <00:11:54.432>sensible

256
00:11:54.565 --> 00:11:57.245
<00:11:54.565>to <00:11:54.740>just <00:11:54.915>use <00:11:55.090>the <00:11:55.265>semantic <00:11:55.440>H <00:11:55.615>TM <00:11:55.790>L <00:11:55.965>instead.

257
00:11:58.945 --> 00:12:00.805
<00:11:58.945>Um, <00:11:59.178>what <00:11:59.411>if <00:11:59.645>you <00:11:59.878>can't <00:12:00.111>reach <00:12:00.345>things?

258
00:12:01.185 --> 00:12:04.125
<00:12:01.185>If <00:12:01.324>you <00:12:01.464>can <00:12:01.604>reach <00:12:01.744>things <00:12:01.885>you <00:12:02.025>cannot <00:12:02.165>see <00:12:02.305>on <00:12:02.444>the <00:12:02.584>screen?

259
00:12:04.125 --> 00:12:07.405
<00:12:04.125>Now <00:12:04.280>I've <00:12:04.436>got <00:12:04.591>a <00:12:04.747>picture <00:12:04.902>of <00:12:05.058>the <00:12:05.213>Converse <00:12:05.369>UK <00:12:05.525>websites

260
00:12:07.585 --> 00:12:09.165
<00:12:07.585>and <00:12:07.818>they <00:12:08.051>have <00:12:08.285>a <00:12:08.518>massive <00:12:08.751>mega <00:12:08.985>menu,

261
00:12:09.785 --> 00:12:13.285
<00:12:09.785>and <00:12:09.925>at <00:12:10.064>the <00:12:10.204>moment <00:12:10.344>it's, <00:12:10.485>it's, <00:12:10.625>um, <00:12:10.765>shown <00:12:10.905>on <00:12:11.045>the <00:12:11.185>screen,

262
00:12:13.945 --> 00:12:18.005
<00:12:13.945>but <00:12:14.100>actually <00:12:14.256>if <00:12:14.411>a <00:12:14.567>user <00:12:14.722>starts <00:12:14.878>tabbing <00:12:15.033>through <00:12:15.189>this, <00:12:15.345>uh,

263
00:12:18.115 --> 00:12:21.245
<00:12:18.115>this <00:12:18.255>doesn't <00:12:18.395>pop <00:12:18.535>out <00:12:18.675>like <00:12:18.815>it <00:12:18.955>does <00:12:19.095>with <00:12:19.235>a <00:12:19.375>mouse, <00:12:19.515>um,

264
00:12:21.245 --> 00:12:23.845
<00:12:21.245>but <00:12:21.385>you <00:12:21.525>can <00:12:21.665>still <00:12:21.805>tab <00:12:21.945>inside <00:12:22.085>it <00:12:22.225>and <00:12:22.365>you <00:12:22.505>lose <00:12:22.645>yourself.

265
00:12:23.845 --> 00:12:25.285
<00:12:23.845>Like <00:12:24.169>there's <00:12:24.493>hundreds <00:12:24.817>of <00:12:25.141>links.

266
00:12:25.325 --> 00:12:28.245
<00:12:25.325>I <00:12:25.441>think <00:12:25.558>I <00:12:25.675>counted <00:12:25.791>like <00:12:25.908>trying <00:12:26.025>to <00:12:26.141>do <00:12:26.258>this <00:12:26.375>a <00:12:26.491>couple <00:12:26.608>of <00:12:26.725>times.

267
00:12:28.305 --> 00:12:31.765
<00:12:28.305>We <00:12:28.460>counted <00:12:28.616>about <00:12:28.771>500 <00:12:28.927>tab <00:12:29.082>presses <00:12:29.238>trying <00:12:29.393>to <00:12:29.549>just <00:12:29.704>get

268
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<00:12:31.765>through <00:12:32.115>this <00:12:32.465>closed, <00:12:32.814>uh, <00:12:33.165>dropdown.

269
00:12:34.225 --> 00:12:37.605
<00:12:34.225>So <00:12:34.425>when <00:12:34.625>hiding <00:12:34.825>things, <00:12:35.025>uh, <00:12:35.225>from <00:12:35.425>visual <00:12:35.625>users,

270
00:12:38.355 --> 00:12:39.885
<00:12:38.355>make <00:12:38.630>sure <00:12:38.905>they're <00:12:39.181>hidden <00:12:39.456>for <00:12:39.732>everyone.

271
00:12:40.185 --> 00:12:42.325
<00:12:40.185>Uh, <00:12:40.340>so <00:12:40.496>there's <00:12:40.651>different <00:12:40.807>ways. <00:12:40.962>This <00:12:41.118>was <00:12:41.273>actually <00:12:41.429>hidden <00:12:41.584>just

272
00:12:42.325 --> 00:12:45.125
<00:12:42.325>using <00:12:42.500>opacity <00:12:42.675>and <00:12:42.850>turning <00:12:43.025>the <00:12:43.200>opacity <00:12:43.375>down <00:12:43.550>to <00:12:43.725>zero,

273
00:12:45.125 --> 00:12:47.805
<00:12:45.125>that <00:12:45.280>doesn't <00:12:45.436>hide <00:12:45.591>it <00:12:45.747>from <00:12:45.902>keyboard <00:12:46.058>users <00:12:46.213>getting <00:12:46.369>in <00:12:46.525>there.

274
00:12:47.825 --> 00:12:49.245
<00:12:47.825>So <00:12:47.984>you <00:12:48.144>need <00:12:48.304>to <00:12:48.464>use <00:12:48.623>it <00:12:48.783>like <00:12:48.943>a <00:12:49.103>display

275
00:12:49.245 --> 00:12:50.685
<00:12:49.245>hidden <00:12:49.569>or <00:12:49.893>something <00:12:50.217>like <00:12:50.540>that.

276
00:12:50.745 --> 00:12:52.805
<00:12:50.745>So <00:12:50.920>make <00:12:51.095>sure <00:12:51.270>you <00:12:51.445>can't <00:12:51.620>access <00:12:51.795>anything <00:12:51.970>if <00:12:52.145>you

277
00:12:52.805 --> 00:12:53.925
<00:12:52.805>can't <00:12:53.006>see <00:12:53.208>it <00:12:53.409>on <00:12:53.611>the <00:12:53.813>screen.

278
00:12:56.305 --> 00:12:59.165
<00:12:56.305>And <00:12:56.432>if <00:12:56.559>you <00:12:56.686>can't <00:12:56.814>see <00:12:56.941>where <00:12:57.068>you <00:12:57.195>are <00:12:57.323>on <00:12:57.450>a <00:12:57.577>page, <00:12:57.704>uh,

279
00:12:59.165 --> 00:13:01.365
<00:12:59.165>this <00:12:59.365>is <00:12:59.564>a <00:12:59.765>great <00:12:59.964>one <00:13:00.165>that <00:13:00.365>designers <00:13:00.564>love.

280
00:13:01.555 --> 00:13:04.205
<00:13:01.555>Just <00:13:01.710>put <00:13:01.866>outline <00:13:02.021>none <00:13:02.177>on <00:13:02.332>everything. <00:13:02.488>Oh, <00:13:02.643>it's <00:13:02.799>so <00:13:02.954>ugly.

281
00:13:04.655 --> 00:13:06.765
<00:13:04.655>Never <00:13:05.005>ever <00:13:05.355>do <00:13:05.704>this. <00:13:06.055>Please.

282
00:13:07.505 --> 00:13:09.805
<00:13:07.505>Um, <00:13:07.705>people <00:13:07.905>need <00:13:08.105>to <00:13:08.305>see <00:13:08.505>where <00:13:08.705>they <00:13:08.905>are.

283
00:13:11.315 --> 00:13:13.415
<00:13:11.315>Uh, <00:13:11.490>again, <00:13:11.665>we, <00:13:11.840>our <00:13:12.015>developers <00:13:12.190>do <00:13:12.365>this <00:13:12.540>really <00:13:12.715>nicely.

284
00:13:13.415 --> 00:13:14.695
<00:13:13.415>They've <00:13:13.703>got <00:13:13.991>a <00:13:14.279>double <00:13:14.567>outline.

285
00:13:14.765 --> 00:13:17.495
<00:13:14.765>This <00:13:14.905>works <00:13:15.045>really <00:13:15.185>well, <00:13:15.324>both <00:13:15.465>in <00:13:15.605>light <00:13:15.745>mode <00:13:15.885>and <00:13:16.025>dark <00:13:16.165>mode.

286
00:13:17.875 --> 00:13:19.975
<00:13:17.875>Uh, <00:13:18.030>you <00:13:18.186>can <00:13:18.341>use <00:13:18.497>an <00:13:18.652>outline <00:13:18.808>in <00:13:18.963>a <00:13:19.119>box <00:13:19.275>shadow,

287
00:13:20.315 --> 00:13:21.735
<00:13:20.315>you <00:13:20.528>can <00:13:20.741>use <00:13:20.954>other <00:13:21.167>methods <00:13:21.380>as <00:13:21.593>well.

288
00:13:21.735 --> 00:13:23.255
<00:13:21.735>But <00:13:21.930>this <00:13:22.125>is <00:13:22.321>just <00:13:22.516>one <00:13:22.712>example <00:13:22.907>to <00:13:23.103>show,

289
00:13:23.475 --> 00:13:24.855
<00:13:23.475>but <00:13:23.785>it's <00:13:24.096>really <00:13:24.406>super <00:13:24.717>important

290
00:13:24.855 --> 00:13:29.175
<00:13:24.855>that <00:13:24.982>you <00:13:25.109>do <00:13:25.236>have <00:13:25.364>a <00:13:25.491>focus <00:13:25.618>outline <00:13:25.745>on <00:13:25.873>everything <00:13:26.000>on <00:13:26.127>the <00:13:26.255>page.

291
00:13:31.525 --> 00:13:33.455
<00:13:31.525>Okay, <00:13:31.805>so <00:13:32.084>that <00:13:32.365>was <00:13:32.645>keyboard <00:13:32.925>testing.

292
00:13:34.155 --> 00:13:36.375
<00:13:34.155>Uh, <00:13:34.388>after <00:13:34.621>you've <00:13:34.855>done <00:13:35.088>some <00:13:35.321>keyboard <00:13:35.555>testing

293
00:13:36.435 --> 00:13:39.455
<00:13:36.435>and <00:13:36.590>started <00:13:36.746>fixing <00:13:36.901>things, <00:13:37.057>then <00:13:37.212>I <00:13:37.368>would <00:13:37.523>suggest <00:13:37.679>moving <00:13:37.834>on

294
00:13:39.455 --> 00:13:41.335
<00:13:39.455>to <00:13:39.805>adding <00:13:40.155>some <00:13:40.505>automated <00:13:40.855>testing.

295
00:13:41.835 --> 00:13:44.175
<00:13:41.835>And <00:13:41.962>I <00:13:42.089>know <00:13:42.216>a <00:13:42.344>lot <00:13:42.471>of <00:13:42.598>people <00:13:42.725>do <00:13:42.853>the <00:13:42.980>automated <00:13:43.107>testing <00:13:43.235>first,

296
00:13:44.195 --> 00:13:46.695
<00:13:44.195>but <00:13:44.370>I <00:13:44.545>actually <00:13:44.720>think <00:13:44.895>the <00:13:45.070>keyboard <00:13:45.245>testing <00:13:45.420>has <00:13:45.595>more

297
00:13:46.795 --> 00:13:48.215
<00:13:46.795>impact <00:13:47.007>if <00:13:47.221>you <00:13:47.434>can <00:13:47.647>do <00:13:47.860>that <00:13:48.073>first.

298
00:13:48.955 --> 00:13:50.855
<00:13:48.955>Um, <00:13:49.130>so <00:13:49.305>what <00:13:49.480>do <00:13:49.655>I <00:13:49.830>mean <00:13:50.005>by <00:13:50.180>automated <00:13:50.355>testing?

299
00:13:52.005 --> 00:13:55.375
<00:13:52.005>Well, <00:13:52.145>there's <00:13:52.285>loads <00:13:52.425>and <00:13:52.564>loads <00:13:52.705>of <00:13:52.845>tools <00:13:52.985>out <00:13:53.125>in <00:13:53.265>the <00:13:53.405>wild

300
00:13:55.445 --> 00:13:56.775
<00:13:55.445>that <00:13:55.744>you <00:13:56.043>can <00:13:56.342>use, <00:13:56.641>uh,

301
00:13:56.795 --> 00:13:59.495
<00:13:56.795>and <00:13:56.969>they <00:13:57.145>will <00:13:57.319>pick <00:13:57.495>up <00:13:57.670>around <00:13:57.844>30 <00:13:58.020>to <00:13:58.194>50%

302
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<00:13:59.835>of <00:14:00.010>accessibility <00:14:00.185>issues <00:14:00.360>and <00:14:00.535>tell <00:14:00.710>you <00:14:00.885>what <00:14:01.060>they <00:14:01.235>are.

303
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<00:14:02.715>So <00:14:02.890>just <00:14:03.065>a <00:14:03.240>few <00:14:03.415>examples <00:14:03.590>are <00:14:03.765>acts, <00:14:03.940>dev <00:14:04.115>tools.

304
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<00:14:05.605>There's <00:14:05.838>an <00:14:06.071>extension <00:14:06.305>called <00:14:06.538>Wave <00:14:06.771>Accessibility <00:14:07.005>Insights

305
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<00:14:08.835>for <00:14:09.068>web <00:14:09.301>from <00:14:09.535>Microsoft <00:14:09.768>siteimprove, <00:14:10.001>IBM <00:14:10.235>all,

306
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<00:14:13.755>uh, <00:14:13.988>do <00:14:14.221>it <00:14:14.455>in <00:14:14.688>slightly <00:14:14.921>different <00:14:15.155>ways.

307
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<00:14:15.835>All <00:14:16.100>have <00:14:16.366>slightly <00:14:16.631>different <00:14:16.896>tests,

308
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<00:14:17.035>but <00:14:17.175>they <00:14:17.314>can <00:14:17.454>all <00:14:17.594>pick <00:14:17.735>up <00:14:17.875>a <00:14:18.015>certain <00:14:18.155>amount <00:14:18.295>of <00:14:18.435>things

309
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<00:14:20.575>that <00:14:20.812>are <00:14:21.050>wrong <00:14:21.287>with <00:14:21.525>your <00:14:21.763>page

310
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<00:14:22.795>and <00:14:22.972>they <00:14:23.149>kind <00:14:23.326>of <00:14:23.503>look <00:14:23.680>like <00:14:23.857>this.

311
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<00:14:23.995>So <00:14:24.135>I've <00:14:24.275>just <00:14:24.415>taken <00:14:24.555>a <00:14:24.695>screen <00:14:24.835>dump <00:14:24.975>from <00:14:25.115>the <00:14:25.255>Tesco <00:14:25.395>website.

312
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<00:14:27.125>It's <00:14:27.300>a <00:14:27.475>UK <00:14:27.650>grocery <00:14:27.825>store, <00:14:28.000>uh, <00:14:28.175>and <00:14:28.350>run <00:14:28.525>it.

313
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<00:14:30.295>And <00:14:30.495>they're <00:14:30.694>actually <00:14:30.895>got <00:14:31.094>pretty <00:14:31.295>good, <00:14:31.495>uh, <00:14:31.694>accessibility.

314
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<00:14:33.155>It <00:14:33.501>shows <00:14:33.848>only <00:14:34.194>four <00:14:34.541>issues.

315
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<00:14:35.315>Uh, <00:14:35.483>and <00:14:35.652>down <00:14:35.821>the <00:14:35.990>side <00:14:36.158>it <00:14:36.327>will <00:14:36.496>tell <00:14:36.665>you

316
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<00:14:36.815>what <00:14:37.016>those <00:14:37.218>list <00:14:37.419>of <00:14:37.621>issues <00:14:37.823>are.

317
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<00:14:38.395>And <00:14:38.522>then <00:14:38.649>if <00:14:38.776>you, <00:14:38.904>you <00:14:39.031>can <00:14:39.158>open <00:14:39.285>up <00:14:39.413>these <00:14:39.540>different, <00:14:39.667>um, <00:14:39.795>issues

318
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<00:14:42.515>and <00:14:42.795>click <00:14:43.074>around <00:14:43.355>on <00:14:43.635>the <00:14:43.915>page

319
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<00:14:44.135>and <00:14:44.275>it <00:14:44.415>will <00:14:44.555>highlight <00:14:44.694>where <00:14:44.835>the <00:14:44.975>issue <00:14:45.115>is, <00:14:45.255>just <00:14:45.395>like <00:14:45.535>this.

320
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<00:14:48.595>So <00:14:48.722>it <00:14:48.849>will <00:14:48.976>open <00:14:49.104>it <00:14:49.231>up, <00:14:49.358>it <00:14:49.485>will <00:14:49.613>give <00:14:49.740>you <00:14:49.867>a <00:14:49.995>link

321
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<00:14:50.335>to <00:14:50.567>more <00:14:50.800>information <00:14:51.032>where <00:14:51.265>you <00:14:51.497>can <00:14:51.730>learn

322
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<00:14:51.885>more <00:14:52.086>about <00:14:52.288>what <00:14:52.489>the <00:14:52.691>issue <00:14:52.893>is.

323
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<00:14:53.465>It <00:14:53.592>will <00:14:53.719>show <00:14:53.846>you <00:14:53.974>the <00:14:54.101>exact <00:14:54.228>element, <00:14:54.355>uh, <00:14:54.483>that <00:14:54.610>is <00:14:54.737>a <00:14:54.865>problem.

324
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<00:14:56.985>And <00:14:57.125>it <00:14:57.265>will <00:14:57.405>in <00:14:57.545>many <00:14:57.685>cases <00:14:57.825>actually <00:14:57.965>give <00:14:58.105>you <00:14:58.245>like <00:14:58.385>four

325
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<00:14:59.885>or <00:15:00.040>five <00:15:00.196>different <00:15:00.351>ways <00:15:00.507>that <00:15:00.662>you <00:15:00.818>could <00:15:00.973>solve <00:15:01.129>this <00:15:01.285>problem.

326
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<00:15:02.905>Um, <00:15:03.138>so <00:15:03.371>this <00:15:03.605>is <00:15:03.838>my <00:15:04.071>favorite <00:15:04.305>tool.

327
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<00:15:04.985>I'm <00:15:05.185>not <00:15:05.385>affiliated <00:15:05.585>with <00:15:05.785>them <00:15:05.985>in <00:15:06.185>any <00:15:06.385>way,

328
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<00:15:07.185>but <00:15:07.359>as <00:15:07.535>I <00:15:07.709>say, <00:15:07.885>there <00:15:08.060>are <00:15:08.234>many, <00:15:08.410>I <00:15:08.584>know

329
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<00:15:09.325>that <00:15:09.605>many <00:15:09.885>other <00:15:10.165>people <00:15:10.445>like <00:15:10.725>Wave.

330
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<00:15:11.885>I <00:15:12.085>find <00:15:12.285>this <00:15:12.485>is <00:15:12.685>a <00:15:12.885>little <00:15:13.085>bit <00:15:13.285>cluttered

331
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<00:15:13.605>because <00:15:13.838>it <00:15:14.071>puts <00:15:14.305>icons <00:15:14.538>into <00:15:14.771>the <00:15:15.005>page,

332
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<00:15:15.785>but <00:15:15.925>you <00:15:16.064>can <00:15:16.204>then <00:15:16.344>click <00:15:16.485>on <00:15:16.625>any <00:15:16.765>one <00:15:16.905>of <00:15:17.045>these <00:15:17.185>icons

333
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<00:15:18.385>and <00:15:18.626>it'll <00:15:18.867>give <00:15:19.108>you <00:15:19.349>more <00:15:19.591>information

334
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<00:15:20.065>in <00:15:20.284>the <00:15:20.504>panel <00:15:20.723>at <00:15:20.943>the <00:15:21.163>site.

335
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<00:15:21.745>And <00:15:21.920>you <00:15:22.095>can <00:15:22.270>also <00:15:22.445>see <00:15:22.620>a <00:15:22.795>slight <00:15:22.970>discrepancy <00:15:23.145>here

336
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<00:15:23.645>because <00:15:23.878>this <00:15:24.111>is <00:15:24.345>the <00:15:24.578>same <00:15:24.811>Tesco <00:15:25.045>page,

337
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<00:15:25.825>but <00:15:26.105>here <00:15:26.385>it's <00:15:26.665>showing <00:15:26.945>zero <00:15:27.225>errors.

338
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<00:15:28.105>Uh, <00:15:28.305>and <00:15:28.505>the <00:15:28.705>Act <00:15:28.905>Dev <00:15:29.105>tool <00:15:29.305>showed <00:15:29.505>four.

339
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<00:15:31.185>So <00:15:31.385>they, <00:15:31.584>they <00:15:31.785>work <00:15:31.984>in <00:15:32.185>slightly <00:15:32.385>different <00:15:32.584>ways,

340
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<00:15:33.505>but <00:15:33.705>choose <00:15:33.905>the <00:15:34.105>one <00:15:34.305>that <00:15:34.505>works <00:15:34.705>for <00:15:34.905>you,

341
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<00:15:35.275>test <00:15:35.449>a <00:15:35.625>few <00:15:35.800>different <00:15:35.975>ones <00:15:36.150>out, <00:15:36.324>uh, <00:15:36.500>and <00:15:36.675>see.

342
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<00:15:40.415>And <00:15:40.610>once <00:15:40.805>you've <00:15:41.000>got <00:15:41.195>those <00:15:41.390>in <00:15:41.585>place,

343
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<00:15:41.985>then <00:15:42.140>I <00:15:42.296>would <00:15:42.451>say <00:15:42.607>it's <00:15:42.762>time <00:15:42.918>to <00:15:43.073>start <00:15:43.229>moving <00:15:43.385>on

344
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<00:15:44.915>to <00:15:45.251>screen <00:15:45.587>reader <00:15:45.923>testing.

345
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<00:15:46.495>And <00:15:46.611>I <00:15:46.728>don't <00:15:46.845>expect <00:15:46.961>you <00:15:47.078>to <00:15:47.195>become <00:15:47.311>a <00:15:47.428>wizard <00:15:47.545>at <00:15:47.661>using <00:15:47.778>a <00:15:47.895>screen

346
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<00:15:49.075>reader, <00:15:49.425>but <00:15:49.775>learn <00:15:50.125>the <00:15:50.475>basics.

347
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<00:15:52.975>Um, <00:15:53.325>and <00:15:53.675>to <00:15:54.025>do <00:15:54.375>this,

348
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<00:15:54.715>there <00:15:54.995>are <00:15:55.275>again <00:15:55.555>a <00:15:55.835>DQ <00:15:56.115>university.com/screen

349
00:15:57.875 --> 00:15:59.195
<00:15:57.875>readers <00:15:58.271>slash <00:15:58.667>survival <00:15:59.063>guide.

350
00:15:59.195 --> 00:16:00.875
<00:15:59.195>They've <00:15:59.428>got <00:15:59.661>some <00:15:59.895>really <00:16:00.128>nice <00:16:00.361>cheat <00:16:00.595>sheets

351
00:16:01.085 --> 00:16:03.235
<00:16:01.085>where <00:16:01.285>you <00:16:01.485>can <00:16:01.685>learn <00:16:01.885>the <00:16:02.085>different <00:16:02.285>keyboard <00:16:02.485>commands.

352
00:16:03.975 --> 00:16:06.395
<00:16:03.975>Um, <00:16:04.255>but <00:16:04.535>there <00:16:04.815>are <00:16:05.095>certain <00:16:05.375>combinations

353
00:16:06.395 --> 00:16:08.435
<00:16:06.395>of <00:16:06.569>screen <00:16:06.745>reader <00:16:06.920>I <00:16:07.095>would <00:16:07.270>recommend <00:16:07.444>with <00:16:07.620>the <00:16:07.795>browser

354
00:16:08.745 --> 00:16:09.835
<00:16:08.745>that <00:16:09.072>work <00:16:09.399>best <00:16:09.726>together.

355
00:16:10.375 --> 00:16:14.395
<00:16:10.375>Uh, <00:16:10.550>voiceover <00:16:10.725>with <00:16:10.900>Safari, <00:16:11.075>um, <00:16:11.250>there's <00:16:11.425>a <00:16:11.600>free <00:16:11.775>one

356
00:16:14.395 --> 00:16:16.675
<00:16:14.395>for <00:16:14.595>Windows <00:16:14.795>called <00:16:14.995>MVDA, <00:16:15.194>which <00:16:15.395>you <00:16:15.595>can <00:16:15.795>download.

357
00:16:16.695 --> 00:16:19.195
<00:16:16.695>Its <00:16:16.870>open <00:16:17.045>source <00:16:17.220>works <00:16:17.395>well <00:16:17.570>with <00:16:17.745>Chrome <00:16:17.920>or <00:16:18.095>Firefox

358
00:16:19.495 --> 00:16:20.515
<00:16:19.495>and <00:16:19.801>Jaws <00:16:20.107>is <00:16:20.413>paid.

359
00:16:20.855 --> 00:16:22.395
<00:16:20.855>Um, <00:16:21.201>but <00:16:21.548>you <00:16:21.894>can <00:16:22.241>download

360
00:16:22.395 --> 00:16:24.355
<00:16:22.395>and <00:16:22.595>get <00:16:22.795>a <00:16:22.995>free <00:16:23.194>40 <00:16:23.395>minute <00:16:23.595>trial <00:16:23.795>version.

361
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<00:16:24.855>Uh, <00:16:24.995>and <00:16:25.135>that's <00:16:25.275>the <00:16:25.415>one <00:16:25.555>that <00:16:25.695>most <00:16:25.835>blind <00:16:25.975>people <00:16:26.115>actually <00:16:26.255>use.

362
00:16:29.165 --> 00:16:30.435
<00:16:29.165>Works <00:16:29.355>well <00:16:29.545>with <00:16:29.736>Chrome. <00:16:29.926>I <00:16:30.117>think <00:16:30.308>it

363
00:16:30.435 --> 00:16:31.555
<00:16:30.435>also <00:16:30.686>works <00:16:30.939>well <00:16:31.190>with <00:16:31.443>Edge.

364
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<00:16:32.095>Um, <00:16:32.295>but <00:16:32.495>I <00:16:32.695>actually <00:16:32.895>see <00:16:33.095>the <00:16:33.295>most <00:16:33.495>issues

365
00:16:34.835 --> 00:16:37.435
<00:16:34.835>that <00:16:35.035>I <00:16:35.235>think <00:16:35.435>most <00:16:35.635>devs <00:16:35.835>work <00:16:36.035>with <00:16:36.235>voiceover,

366
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<00:16:37.495>but <00:16:37.650>we <00:16:37.806>tend <00:16:37.961>to <00:16:38.117>develop <00:16:38.272>with <00:16:38.428>Chrome <00:16:38.583>quite <00:16:38.739>a <00:16:38.895>lot.

367
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<00:16:40.535>And <00:16:40.662>just <00:16:40.789>now <00:16:40.916>I <00:16:41.044>see <00:16:41.171>a <00:16:41.298>lot <00:16:41.425>of <00:16:41.553>people <00:16:41.680>coming <00:16:41.807>to <00:16:41.935>me

368
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<00:16:43.115>and <00:16:43.315>saying, <00:16:43.515>ah, <00:16:43.715>this <00:16:43.915>doesn't <00:16:44.115>work <00:16:44.315>with <00:16:44.515>voiceover.

369
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<00:16:45.255>And <00:16:45.395>it <00:16:45.535>turns <00:16:45.675>out <00:16:45.814>it's <00:16:45.955>a, <00:16:46.095>a <00:16:46.235>voiceover <00:16:46.375>and <00:16:46.515>chrome <00:16:46.655>bug

370
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<00:16:48.295>and <00:16:48.469>as <00:16:48.645>soon <00:16:48.819>as <00:16:48.995>we <00:16:49.170>test <00:16:49.344>it <00:16:49.520>on <00:16:49.694>Safari,

371
00:16:49.985 --> 00:16:51.435
<00:16:49.985>it's <00:16:50.311>actually <00:16:50.637>not <00:16:50.963>a <00:16:51.290>problem.

372
00:16:52.965 --> 00:16:56.865
<00:16:52.965>So <00:16:53.120>learning <00:16:53.276>the <00:16:53.431>basics <00:16:53.587>there. <00:16:53.742>And <00:16:53.898>what <00:16:54.053>can <00:16:54.209>you <00:16:54.365>do?

373
00:16:56.865 --> 00:17:00.145
<00:16:56.865>Once <00:16:57.040>you've <00:16:57.215>learned <00:16:57.390>the <00:16:57.565>basics <00:16:57.740>of <00:16:57.915>um, <00:16:58.090>screen <00:16:58.265>readers,

374
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<00:17:00.145>then <00:17:00.378>you'll <00:17:00.611>start <00:17:00.845>to <00:17:01.078>notice <00:17:01.311>the <00:17:01.545>places

375
00:17:01.775 --> 00:17:04.305
<00:17:01.775>that <00:17:02.008>screen <00:17:02.241>reader <00:17:02.475>users <00:17:02.708>don't <00:17:02.941>get <00:17:03.175>feedback.

376
00:17:04.925 --> 00:17:08.225
<00:17:04.925>So <00:17:05.052>quite <00:17:05.179>often <00:17:05.306>on <00:17:05.434>the <00:17:05.561>screen <00:17:05.688>now <00:17:05.815>I've <00:17:05.943>got <00:17:06.070>an <00:17:06.197>icon <00:17:06.325>button

377
00:17:08.285 --> 00:17:11.385
<00:17:08.285>of <00:17:08.412>a <00:17:08.539>a <00:17:08.666>bag, <00:17:08.794>a <00:17:08.921>shopping <00:17:09.048>bag, <00:17:09.175>which <00:17:09.303>when <00:17:09.430>you <00:17:09.557>click <00:17:09.685>it,

378
00:17:11.385 --> 00:17:12.545
<00:17:11.385>it <00:17:11.534>opens <00:17:11.683>up <00:17:11.832>and <00:17:11.981>it <00:17:12.130>will <00:17:12.279>show <00:17:12.429>you

379
00:17:12.545 --> 00:17:13.585
<00:17:12.545>what's <00:17:12.779>in <00:17:13.013>your <00:17:13.247>shopping <00:17:13.481>cart.

380
00:17:13.605 --> 00:17:15.345
<00:17:13.605>It <00:17:13.805>says <00:17:14.005>it's <00:17:14.204>empty <00:17:14.405>at <00:17:14.605>the <00:17:14.805>moment, <00:17:15.005>uh,

381
00:17:15.345 --> 00:17:16.425
<00:17:15.345>haven't <00:17:15.588>been <00:17:15.830>bought <00:17:16.074>anything <00:17:16.317>here.

382
00:17:17.405 --> 00:17:20.305
<00:17:17.405>Um, <00:17:17.560>but <00:17:17.716>what <00:17:17.871>Screen <00:17:18.027>Reader <00:17:18.182>users <00:17:18.338>need <00:17:18.493>is <00:17:18.649>they <00:17:18.805>need

383
00:17:20.605 --> 00:17:22.865
<00:17:20.605>to <00:17:20.780>know <00:17:20.954>both <00:17:21.130>the <00:17:21.305>name <00:17:21.480>of <00:17:21.655>the <00:17:21.829>icon <00:17:22.005>button

384
00:17:23.295 --> 00:17:24.705
<00:17:23.295>because <00:17:23.718>there's <00:17:24.141>no <00:17:24.563>text.

385
00:17:25.685 --> 00:17:28.745
<00:17:25.685>And <00:17:25.840>it's <00:17:25.996>really <00:17:26.151>great <00:17:26.307>if <00:17:26.462>we <00:17:26.618>can <00:17:26.773>also <00:17:26.929>add <00:17:27.085>information

386
00:17:28.805 --> 00:17:30.705
<00:17:28.805>for <00:17:28.945>a <00:17:29.085>screen <00:17:29.225>reader <00:17:29.365>user <00:17:29.505>that <00:17:29.645>when <00:17:29.785>we <00:17:29.925>click <00:17:30.065>on <00:17:30.205>this,

387
00:17:30.705 --> 00:17:33.105
<00:17:30.705>that <00:17:30.845>it's <00:17:30.985>actually <00:17:31.125>open <00:17:31.264>or <00:17:31.405>that <00:17:31.544>when <00:17:31.685>we <00:17:31.824>click <00:17:31.965>it <00:17:32.105>again

388
00:17:33.105 --> 00:17:36.105
<00:17:33.105>that <00:17:33.280>it <00:17:33.455>closes <00:17:33.630>and <00:17:33.805>then <00:17:33.980>we <00:17:34.155>can <00:17:34.330>start <00:17:34.505>using

389
00:17:36.105 --> 00:17:37.465
<00:17:36.105>something <00:17:36.716>called <00:17:37.329>Aria.

390
00:17:37.965 --> 00:17:40.065
<00:17:37.965>Now, <00:17:38.198>I <00:17:38.431>would <00:17:38.665>not <00:17:38.898>recommend <00:17:39.131>using <00:17:39.365>Aria

391
00:17:40.285 --> 00:17:43.265
<00:17:40.285>unless <00:17:40.412>you <00:17:40.539>know <00:17:40.666>how <00:17:40.794>to <00:17:40.921>use <00:17:41.048>the <00:17:41.175>basics <00:17:41.303>of <00:17:41.430>a <00:17:41.557>screen <00:17:41.685>reader.

392
00:17:43.925 --> 00:17:47.545
<00:17:43.925>Um, <00:17:44.065>but <00:17:44.205>once <00:17:44.345>you <00:17:44.485>can <00:17:44.625>use <00:17:44.764>a <00:17:44.905>screen <00:17:45.044>reader <00:17:45.185>the <00:17:45.325>basics

393
00:17:47.845 --> 00:17:49.340
<00:17:47.845>and <00:17:48.037>you <00:17:48.229>can <00:17:48.421>start <00:17:48.613>to <00:17:48.806>test <00:17:48.998>with <00:17:49.190>it,

394
00:17:49.755 --> 00:17:51.805
<00:17:49.755>this <00:17:49.930>is <00:17:50.105>when <00:17:50.280>you <00:17:50.455>can <00:17:50.630>start <00:17:50.805>adding <00:17:50.980>in <00:17:51.155>Aria

395
00:17:51.805 --> 00:17:53.285
<00:17:51.805>because <00:17:52.027>you <00:17:52.249>can <00:17:52.471>test <00:17:52.693>what <00:17:52.915>you're <00:17:53.137>doing.

396
00:17:54.225 --> 00:17:56.005
<00:17:54.225>So <00:17:54.425>here <00:17:54.625>on <00:17:54.824>the <00:17:55.024>screen <00:17:55.225>if <00:17:55.425>we <00:17:55.625>add,

397
00:17:56.005 --> 00:17:59.965
<00:17:56.005>imagine <00:17:56.145>we <00:17:56.285>had <00:17:56.425>an <00:17:56.565>icon <00:17:56.705>button, <00:17:56.845>um, <00:17:56.985>it's <00:17:57.125>a <00:17:57.265>settings <00:17:57.405>cog

398
00:18:00.665 --> 00:18:03.285
<00:18:00.665>and <00:18:00.820>we're <00:18:00.976>just <00:18:01.131>gonna <00:18:01.287>add <00:18:01.442>something <00:18:01.598>called <00:18:01.753>Aria <00:18:01.909>Label <00:18:02.065>onto

399
00:18:03.285 --> 00:18:04.885
<00:18:03.285>this <00:18:03.635>and <00:18:03.985>call <00:18:04.335>it <00:18:04.685>settings.

400
00:18:05.345 --> 00:18:07.325
<00:18:05.345>Now, <00:18:05.520>when <00:18:05.695>a <00:18:05.870>screen <00:18:06.045>reader <00:18:06.220>comes <00:18:06.395>to <00:18:06.570>this <00:18:06.745>button,

401
00:18:07.675 --> 00:18:11.565
<00:18:07.675>they <00:18:07.875>will <00:18:08.075>hear <00:18:08.274>button <00:18:08.475>settings <00:18:08.675>instead <00:18:08.875>of <00:18:09.075>button

402
00:18:12.435 --> 00:18:17.405
<00:18:12.435>icon <00:18:12.590>COG <00:18:12.746>3 <00:18:12.901>1 <00:18:13.057>4 <00:18:13.212>5 <00:18:13.368>9 <00:18:13.523>PNG <00:18:13.679>or <00:18:13.835>something.

403
00:18:17.985 --> 00:18:20.845
<00:18:17.985>Um, <00:18:18.140>so <00:18:18.296>that's <00:18:18.451>the <00:18:18.607>first <00:18:18.762>thing <00:18:18.918>that <00:18:19.073>we <00:18:19.229>can <00:18:19.385>do.

404
00:18:21.665 --> 00:18:24.485
<00:18:21.665>We <00:18:21.840>can <00:18:22.014>also <00:18:22.190>then <00:18:22.365>use <00:18:22.540>something <00:18:22.715>called <00:18:22.889>Aria <00:18:23.065>expanded

405
00:18:24.905 --> 00:18:27.925
<00:18:24.905>to <00:18:25.080>start <00:18:25.254>giving <00:18:25.430>screen <00:18:25.605>reader <00:18:25.780>users <00:18:25.955>feedback <00:18:26.129>about <00:18:26.305>when

406
00:18:27.925 --> 00:18:29.045
<00:18:27.925>this <00:18:28.177>is <00:18:28.429>open <00:18:28.681>and <00:18:28.933>closed.

407
00:18:29.665 --> 00:18:31.565
<00:18:29.665>So <00:18:29.865>we <00:18:30.065>start <00:18:30.264>by <00:18:30.465>setting <00:18:30.665>it <00:18:30.865>to <00:18:31.065>false

408
00:18:31.585 --> 00:18:32.645
<00:18:31.585>and <00:18:31.744>we <00:18:31.903>set <00:18:32.062>it <00:18:32.221>on <00:18:32.380>the <00:18:32.539>button.

409
00:18:32.785 --> 00:18:34.685
<00:18:32.785>We <00:18:32.940>don't <00:18:33.096>set <00:18:33.251>it <00:18:33.407>on <00:18:33.562>the <00:18:33.718>thing <00:18:33.873>that <00:18:34.029>actually <00:18:34.185>opens

410
00:18:34.685 --> 00:18:36.045
<00:18:34.685>and <00:18:34.889>closes <00:18:35.093>A <00:18:35.297>bit <00:18:35.501>weird, <00:18:35.705>I <00:18:35.909>know,

411
00:18:36.225 --> 00:18:38.805
<00:18:36.225>but <00:18:36.352>we <00:18:36.479>set <00:18:36.606>it <00:18:36.734>on <00:18:36.861>the <00:18:36.988>button, <00:18:37.115>which <00:18:37.243>can <00:18:37.370>clo <00:18:37.497>which <00:18:37.625>controls

412
00:18:38.805 --> 00:18:41.125
<00:18:38.805>what <00:18:39.155>opens <00:18:39.505>and <00:18:39.855>closes, <00:18:40.205>um,

413
00:18:41.185 --> 00:18:43.205
<00:18:41.185>and <00:18:41.360>we <00:18:41.534>set <00:18:41.710>it <00:18:41.885>to <00:18:42.060>false <00:18:42.235>to <00:18:42.409>begin <00:18:42.585>with.

414
00:18:44.935 --> 00:18:46.435
<00:18:44.935>And <00:18:45.272>then <00:18:45.610>in <00:18:45.947>our <00:18:46.284>open

415
00:18:46.575 --> 00:18:49.475
<00:18:46.575>and <00:18:46.808>our <00:18:47.041>closed, <00:18:47.275>uh, <00:18:47.508>settings, <00:18:47.741>uh, <00:18:47.975>function

416
00:18:49.605 --> 00:18:53.035
<00:18:49.605>where <00:18:49.805>we <00:18:50.005>toggle <00:18:50.205>the <00:18:50.405>visibility <00:18:50.605>of <00:18:50.805>our <00:18:51.005>popup,

417
00:18:53.175 --> 00:18:54.875
<00:18:53.175>we <00:18:53.455>literally <00:18:53.735>just <00:18:54.014>toggle <00:18:54.294>our <00:18:54.575>expanded

418
00:18:54.935 --> 00:18:56.235
<00:18:54.935>to <00:18:55.168>true <00:18:55.403>when <00:18:55.637>we <00:18:55.870>open <00:18:56.105>it

419
00:18:56.415 --> 00:18:58.875
<00:18:56.415>and <00:18:56.542>we <00:18:56.669>toggle <00:18:56.796>it <00:18:56.924>to <00:18:57.051>our <00:18:57.178>expanded <00:18:57.305>false <00:18:57.433>when <00:18:57.560>we <00:18:57.687>close <00:18:57.815>it.

420
00:18:58.975 --> 00:19:00.955
<00:18:58.975>So <00:18:59.175>a <00:18:59.375>couple <00:18:59.574>of <00:18:59.774>extra <00:18:59.975>lines <00:19:00.175>of <00:19:00.375>code

421
00:19:01.055 --> 00:19:04.515
<00:19:01.055>and <00:19:01.195>this <00:19:01.335>will <00:19:01.475>now <00:19:01.615>read <00:19:01.755>out <00:19:01.895>that <00:19:02.035>this <00:19:02.175>button <00:19:02.315>is <00:19:02.455>collapsed

422
00:19:04.895 --> 00:19:07.915
<00:19:04.895>or <00:19:05.070>expanded <00:19:05.245>when <00:19:05.420>a <00:19:05.595>user <00:19:05.770>comes <00:19:05.945>to <00:19:06.120>the <00:19:06.295>button

423
00:19:08.255 --> 00:19:10.835
<00:19:08.255>and <00:19:08.410>have <00:19:08.566>a <00:19:08.721>lot <00:19:08.877>more <00:19:09.032>control <00:19:09.188>over <00:19:09.343>what's <00:19:09.499>going <00:19:09.655>on.

424
00:19:13.425 --> 00:19:16.595
<00:19:13.425>This <00:19:13.600>is <00:19:13.774>also <00:19:13.950>really <00:19:14.125>important <00:19:14.300>when <00:19:14.475>you'll <00:19:14.649>start <00:19:14.825>noticing

425
00:19:16.595 --> 00:19:18.995
<00:19:16.595>that <00:19:16.750>when <00:19:16.906>you <00:19:17.061>use <00:19:17.217>a <00:19:17.372>screen <00:19:17.528>reader, <00:19:17.683>um, <00:19:17.839>to <00:19:17.995>test

426
00:19:19.025 --> 00:19:21.035
<00:19:19.025>that <00:19:19.305>error <00:19:19.585>messages <00:19:19.865>are <00:19:20.145>very <00:19:20.425>often

427
00:19:21.435 --> 00:19:22.595
<00:19:21.435>not <00:19:21.783>communicated <00:19:22.131>to <00:19:22.479>users.

428
00:19:23.335 --> 00:19:25.355
<00:19:23.335>Um, <00:19:23.475>so <00:19:23.615>on <00:19:23.755>the <00:19:23.895>screen <00:19:24.035>here <00:19:24.175>I've <00:19:24.315>got, <00:19:24.455>I'm <00:19:24.595>just <00:19:24.735>trying

429
00:19:25.355 --> 00:19:28.875
<00:19:25.355>to <00:19:25.510>book <00:19:25.666>an <00:19:25.821>appointment <00:19:25.977>to <00:19:26.132>get <00:19:26.288>my <00:19:26.443>car <00:19:26.599>windscreen <00:19:26.755>changed

430
00:19:29.215 --> 00:19:31.835
<00:19:29.215>and <00:19:29.389>I <00:19:29.564>type <00:19:29.740>in <00:19:29.915>a <00:19:30.090>registration <00:19:30.264>for <00:19:30.439>my <00:19:30.615>car

431
00:19:31.895 --> 00:19:36.675
<00:19:31.895>and <00:19:32.035>click <00:19:32.175>get <00:19:32.315>started <00:19:32.455>and <00:19:32.595>they <00:19:32.735>can't <00:19:32.875>find <00:19:33.014>my <00:19:33.155>vehicle, <00:19:33.295>uh,

432
00:19:36.675 --> 00:19:41.235
<00:19:36.675>really <00:19:36.875>clear <00:19:37.075>red <00:19:37.274>X <00:19:37.475>Cross, <00:19:37.675>uh, <00:19:37.875>error <00:19:38.075>message.

433
00:19:41.415 --> 00:19:44.155
<00:19:41.415>But <00:19:41.555>as <00:19:41.695>a <00:19:41.835>screen <00:19:41.975>media <00:19:42.115>user, <00:19:42.254>they <00:19:42.395>don't <00:19:42.534>get <00:19:42.675>any <00:19:42.815>feedback.

434
00:19:44.155 --> 00:19:45.595
<00:19:44.155>They <00:19:44.414>don't <00:19:44.673>hear <00:19:44.932>this <00:19:45.191>error <00:19:45.451>message

435
00:19:46.075 --> 00:19:47.395
<00:19:46.075>'cause <00:19:46.312>it's <00:19:46.550>not <00:19:46.787>communicated <00:19:47.025>to <00:19:47.263>them.

436
00:19:49.085 --> 00:19:51.875
<00:19:49.085>Again, <00:19:49.365>a <00:19:49.645>fairly <00:19:49.925>simple, <00:19:50.205>uh, <00:19:50.485>thing.

437
00:19:52.385 --> 00:19:53.835
<00:19:52.385>When <00:19:52.820>this <00:19:53.255>error <00:19:53.690>occurs,

438
00:19:54.095 --> 00:19:57.275
<00:19:54.095>we <00:19:54.250>add <00:19:54.406>Aria <00:19:54.561>invalid <00:19:54.717>true <00:19:54.872>onto <00:19:55.028>the <00:19:55.183>actual <00:19:55.339>input <00:19:55.495>itself,

439
00:19:58.215 --> 00:20:02.755
<00:19:58.215>and <00:19:58.331>we <00:19:58.448>then <00:19:58.564>have <00:19:58.681>an <00:19:58.798>empty <00:19:58.915>P <00:19:59.031>tag <00:19:59.148>where <00:19:59.264>we <00:19:59.381>insert <00:19:59.498>our <00:19:59.615>error.

440
00:20:03.255 --> 00:20:05.235
<00:20:03.255>And <00:20:03.430>on <00:20:03.605>that <00:20:03.780>we <00:20:03.955>add <00:20:04.130>a <00:20:04.305>roll <00:20:04.480>of <00:20:04.655>alert.

441
00:20:05.825 --> 00:20:08.035
<00:20:05.825>This <00:20:05.980>will <00:20:06.136>now <00:20:06.291>get <00:20:06.447>read <00:20:06.602>out <00:20:06.758>to <00:20:06.913>screen <00:20:07.069>Reader <00:20:07.225>users

442
00:20:08.495 --> 00:20:09.795
<00:20:08.495>and <00:20:08.728>they <00:20:08.963>will <00:20:09.197>get <00:20:09.431>that <00:20:09.665>feedback

443
00:20:09.795 --> 00:20:10.915
<00:20:09.795>that <00:20:10.047>something <00:20:10.299>has <00:20:10.551>gone <00:20:10.803>wrong.

444
00:20:14.175 --> 00:20:16.105
<00:20:14.175>That <00:20:14.455>is <00:20:14.735>just <00:20:15.014>a <00:20:15.294>one <00:20:15.575>suggestion.

445
00:20:16.105 --> 00:20:17.945
<00:20:16.105>If <00:20:16.280>you <00:20:16.455>only <00:20:16.630>have <00:20:16.805>one <00:20:16.980>error <00:20:17.155>on <00:20:17.330>a <00:20:17.505>page,

446
00:20:18.415 --> 00:20:21.225
<00:20:18.415>when <00:20:18.590>you <00:20:18.764>have <00:20:18.940>several <00:20:19.115>errors, <00:20:19.290>it <00:20:19.465>gets <00:20:19.639>more <00:20:19.815>complicated.

447
00:20:21.765 --> 00:20:24.505
<00:20:21.765>Uh, <00:20:21.905>but <00:20:22.045>that <00:20:22.185>still <00:20:22.325>needs <00:20:22.465>to <00:20:22.605>be <00:20:22.745>communicated <00:20:22.885>in <00:20:23.025>some <00:20:23.165>way.

448
00:20:25.005 --> 00:20:26.745
<00:20:25.005>Uh, <00:20:25.205>so <00:20:25.405>if <00:20:25.605>you <00:20:25.805>have <00:20:26.005>several <00:20:26.205>errors <00:20:26.405>here,

449
00:20:26.845 --> 00:20:30.265
<00:20:26.845>as <00:20:26.972>you <00:20:27.099>can <00:20:27.226>see <00:20:27.354>on <00:20:27.481>the <00:20:27.608>form, <00:20:27.735>I've <00:20:27.863>missed, <00:20:27.990>uh, <00:20:28.117>three <00:20:28.245>fields.

450
00:20:30.265 --> 00:20:32.425
<00:20:30.265>They've <00:20:30.465>all <00:20:30.665>got <00:20:30.865>errors <00:20:31.065>saying <00:20:31.265>that <00:20:31.465>they're <00:20:31.665>required.

451
00:20:33.065 --> 00:20:37.025
<00:20:33.065>I <00:20:33.220>wouldn't <00:20:33.376>use <00:20:33.531>Roll <00:20:33.687>Alert <00:20:33.842>because <00:20:33.998>that <00:20:34.153>will <00:20:34.309>like <00:20:34.465>it.

452
00:20:37.145 --> 00:20:39.065
<00:20:37.145>They <00:20:37.345>kind, <00:20:37.545>it <00:20:37.745>kind <00:20:37.945>of <00:20:38.145>competes <00:20:38.345>with <00:20:38.545>itself.

453
00:20:39.325 --> 00:20:40.985
<00:20:39.325>And <00:20:39.525>so <00:20:39.725>you'll <00:20:39.925>only <00:20:40.125>hear <00:20:40.325>one <00:20:40.525>error <00:20:40.725>there.

454
00:20:41.365 --> 00:20:42.985
<00:20:41.365>Um, <00:20:41.565>what <00:20:41.765>I <00:20:41.965>would <00:20:42.165>do <00:20:42.365>here <00:20:42.565>is <00:20:42.765>again,

455
00:20:43.025 --> 00:20:45.585
<00:20:43.025>I <00:20:43.180>would <00:20:43.336>use <00:20:43.491>Aria <00:20:43.647>invalid <00:20:43.802>on <00:20:43.958>the <00:20:44.113>fields <00:20:44.269>with <00:20:44.425>error

456
00:20:45.645 --> 00:20:48.365
<00:20:45.645>and <00:20:45.800>then <00:20:45.956>I <00:20:46.111>can <00:20:46.267>use <00:20:46.422>Focus <00:20:46.578>just <00:20:46.733>to <00:20:46.889>move <00:20:47.045>myself

457
00:20:48.365 --> 00:20:49.645
<00:20:48.365>to <00:20:48.653>the <00:20:48.941>first <00:20:49.229>error <00:20:49.517>field.

458
00:20:50.265 --> 00:20:54.085
<00:20:50.265>And <00:20:50.420>that <00:20:50.576>again, <00:20:50.731>will <00:20:50.887>read <00:20:51.042>out <00:20:51.198>to <00:20:51.353>screen <00:20:51.509>reader <00:20:51.665>users

459
00:20:54.185 --> 00:20:56.925
<00:20:54.185>and <00:20:54.325>they <00:20:54.465>will <00:20:54.605>get <00:20:54.745>that <00:20:54.885>information <00:20:55.024>that <00:20:55.165>they <00:20:55.304>need <00:20:55.445>to <00:20:55.585>know

460
00:20:57.195 --> 00:20:58.645
<00:20:57.195>that <00:20:57.521>something <00:20:57.847>has <00:20:58.173>gone <00:20:58.500>wrong.

461
00:21:01.015 --> 00:21:02.235
<00:21:01.015>So <00:21:01.289>there's <00:21:01.564>very <00:21:01.838>brief <00:21:02.112>things.

462
00:21:02.235 --> 00:21:04.355
<00:21:02.235>There's <00:21:02.375>a <00:21:02.514>lot <00:21:02.655>more <00:21:02.794>you <00:21:02.935>can <00:21:03.074>do <00:21:03.215>once <00:21:03.354>you've <00:21:03.495>started <00:21:03.635>testing

463
00:21:04.585 --> 00:21:06.035
<00:21:04.585>with <00:21:05.237>screen <00:21:05.890>readers.

464
00:21:07.015 --> 00:21:08.955
<00:21:07.015>Um, <00:21:07.295>and <00:21:07.575>then <00:21:07.855>again, <00:21:08.135>step <00:21:08.415>four

465
00:21:08.955 --> 00:21:10.835
<00:21:08.955>and <00:21:09.188>five <00:21:09.421>here <00:21:09.655>could <00:21:09.888>be <00:21:10.121>interchangeable <00:21:10.355>really.

466
00:21:11.095 --> 00:21:12.515
<00:21:11.095>But <00:21:11.350>step <00:21:11.606>five <00:21:11.861>I <00:21:12.117>would <00:21:12.373>suggest

467
00:21:13.075 --> 00:21:15.035
<00:21:13.075>actually <00:21:13.355>adding <00:21:13.635>unit <00:21:13.915>and <00:21:14.195>end-to-end <00:21:14.475>testing.

468
00:21:15.455 --> 00:21:18.315
<00:21:15.455>And <00:21:15.571>I <00:21:15.688>went <00:21:15.804>to <00:21:15.921>a <00:21:16.038>great <00:21:16.155>talk <00:21:16.271>at <00:21:16.388>nine <00:21:16.504>o'clock <00:21:16.621>this <00:21:16.738>morning, <00:21:16.855>um,

469
00:21:19.165 --> 00:21:22.035
<00:21:19.165>about, <00:21:19.514>uh, <00:21:19.865>testing <00:21:20.215>in <00:21:20.565>accessibility.

470
00:21:22.095 --> 00:21:24.555
<00:21:22.095>So <00:21:22.235>Hope <00:21:22.375>some <00:21:22.515>of <00:21:22.655>you <00:21:22.795>also <00:21:22.935>saw <00:21:23.075>that <00:21:23.215>one <00:21:23.355>earlier <00:21:23.495>on,

471
00:21:25.735 --> 00:21:28.475
<00:21:25.735>but <00:21:25.968>very, <00:21:26.201>very <00:21:26.435>briefly, <00:21:26.668>um, <00:21:26.901>there <00:21:27.135>are

472
00:21:28.775 --> 00:21:30.995
<00:21:28.775>so <00:21:29.008>many <00:21:29.241>different <00:21:29.475>linting <00:21:29.708>tools <00:21:29.941>for <00:21:30.175>accessibility

473
00:21:31.305 --> 00:21:34.915
<00:21:31.305>that <00:21:31.432>you <00:21:31.559>can <00:21:31.686>add <00:21:31.814>to <00:21:31.941>your <00:21:32.068>code <00:21:32.195>editor <00:21:32.323>that <00:21:32.450>will <00:21:32.577>catch <00:21:32.705>all

474
00:21:34.915 --> 00:21:36.635
<00:21:34.915>of <00:21:35.381>these, <00:21:35.848>um, <00:21:36.315>issues

475
00:21:36.975 --> 00:21:39.995
<00:21:36.975>before <00:21:37.130>you've <00:21:37.286>even <00:21:37.441>pushed <00:21:37.597>something <00:21:37.752>up <00:21:37.908>to, <00:21:38.063>uh, <00:21:38.219>you <00:21:38.375>know,

476
00:21:39.995 --> 00:21:42.515
<00:21:39.995>GitHub <00:21:40.195>or <00:21:40.395>whatever <00:21:40.594>you <00:21:40.794>use <00:21:40.995>for <00:21:41.195>your <00:21:41.395>code.

477
00:21:43.215 --> 00:21:46.595
<00:21:43.215>Um, <00:21:43.370>there <00:21:43.526>are <00:21:43.681>plugins <00:21:43.837>for <00:21:43.992>storybook, <00:21:44.148>which <00:21:44.303>are <00:21:44.459>really <00:21:44.615>easy

478
00:21:46.655 --> 00:21:50.995
<00:21:46.655>to <00:21:46.795>install, <00:21:46.935>um, <00:21:47.075>so <00:21:47.215>that <00:21:47.355>you <00:21:47.495>can, <00:21:47.635>um, <00:21:47.774>see <00:21:47.915>what's <00:21:48.055>happening

479
00:21:50.995 --> 00:21:52.915
<00:21:50.995>with <00:21:51.195>your <00:21:51.395>different <00:21:51.594>components <00:21:51.794>in <00:21:51.995>your <00:21:52.195>design <00:21:52.395>system.

480
00:21:53.625 --> 00:21:58.275
<00:21:53.625>There's <00:21:53.765>NPM <00:21:53.905>packages <00:21:54.045>that <00:21:54.185>you <00:21:54.325>can <00:21:54.465>install, <00:21:54.605>uh, <00:21:54.745>for <00:21:54.885>Jes, <00:21:55.025>um,

481
00:21:58.735 --> 00:22:03.155
<00:21:58.735>and <00:21:58.875>uh, <00:21:59.014>react <00:21:59.155>testing <00:21:59.294>library <00:21:59.435>like <00:21:59.574>X <00:21:59.715>core <00:21:59.854>one <00:21:59.995>called <00:22:00.135>Pale.

482
00:22:03.155 --> 00:22:05.155
<00:22:03.155>There's <00:22:03.388>also <00:22:03.621>one <00:22:03.855>called <00:22:04.088>Lighthouse, <00:22:04.321>um, <00:22:04.555>so

483
00:22:05.155 --> 00:22:06.195
<00:22:05.155>that <00:22:05.342>you <00:22:05.529>can <00:22:05.716>add <00:22:05.903>unit <00:22:06.091>testing.

484
00:22:06.585 --> 00:22:09.195
<00:22:06.585>They <00:22:06.785>work <00:22:06.985>very <00:22:07.185>similar <00:22:07.385>to <00:22:07.585>the <00:22:07.785>automated <00:22:07.985>tools

485
00:22:09.195 --> 00:22:11.115
<00:22:09.195>that <00:22:09.475>you <00:22:09.754>do <00:22:10.034>manually <00:22:10.314>with <00:22:10.595>extensions.

486
00:22:12.535 --> 00:22:14.075
<00:22:12.535>Um, <00:22:12.812>but <00:22:13.089>can <00:22:13.366>definitely <00:22:13.643>recommend <00:22:13.921>those

487
00:22:14.075 --> 00:22:16.835
<00:22:14.075>because <00:22:14.250>it <00:22:14.425>automates <00:22:14.600>that <00:22:14.775>process <00:22:14.950>a <00:22:15.125>step <00:22:15.300>further <00:22:15.475>so

488
00:22:16.835 --> 00:22:18.195
<00:22:16.835>that <00:22:17.039>you're <00:22:17.243>not <00:22:17.447>having <00:22:17.651>to <00:22:17.855>manually <00:22:18.059>go

489
00:22:18.295 --> 00:22:21.195
<00:22:18.295>and <00:22:18.495>activate <00:22:18.695>the <00:22:18.895>extension <00:22:19.095>every <00:22:19.295>time <00:22:19.495>you're <00:22:19.695>developing.

490
00:22:21.775 --> 00:22:23.315
<00:22:21.775>Um, <00:22:22.237>and <00:22:22.699>end-to-end <00:22:23.161>testing.

491
00:22:23.805 --> 00:22:26.595
<00:22:23.805>There <00:22:24.038>are <00:22:24.271>packages <00:22:24.505>for <00:22:24.738>Cyprus, <00:22:24.971>for <00:22:25.205>playwright,

492
00:22:26.615 --> 00:22:29.115
<00:22:26.615>for <00:22:26.790>other <00:22:26.965>end, <00:22:27.140>um, <00:22:27.315>end-to-end <00:22:27.490>testing <00:22:27.665>tools <00:22:27.840>as <00:22:28.015>well.

493
00:22:29.475 --> 00:22:30.995
<00:22:29.475>I <00:22:29.930>really <00:22:30.387>like <00:22:30.842>playwright.

494
00:22:31.415 --> 00:22:34.635
<00:22:31.415>Um, <00:22:31.570>it's <00:22:31.726>got <00:22:31.881>some <00:22:32.037>great <00:22:32.192>other <00:22:32.348>things <00:22:32.503>you <00:22:32.659>can <00:22:32.815>do.

495
00:22:34.635 --> 00:22:35.915
<00:22:34.635>You <00:22:34.827>can <00:22:35.019>even <00:22:35.211>add <00:22:35.403>like <00:22:35.595>keyboard <00:22:35.787>testing

496
00:22:35.975 --> 00:22:37.195
<00:22:35.975>and <00:22:36.158>that <00:22:36.341>kind <00:22:36.524>of <00:22:36.706>thing <00:22:36.889>as <00:22:37.072>well.

497
00:22:38.015 --> 00:22:41.595
<00:22:38.015>So <00:22:38.190>definitely <00:22:38.365>reme <00:22:38.540>recommend <00:22:38.715>adding <00:22:38.890>these <00:22:39.065>tools <00:22:39.240>into <00:22:39.415>your

498
00:22:41.915 --> 00:22:43.435
<00:22:41.915>pipelines <00:22:42.188>and <00:22:42.462>things <00:22:42.735>and <00:22:43.009>catching <00:22:43.283>things

499
00:22:43.435 --> 00:22:44.555
<00:22:43.435>before <00:22:43.687>they <00:22:43.939>even <00:22:44.191>go <00:22:44.443>live.

500
00:22:46.695 --> 00:22:49.915
<00:22:46.695>And <00:22:46.835>then, <00:22:46.975>uh, <00:22:47.115>we <00:22:47.254>still <00:22:47.395>haven't <00:22:47.534>read <00:22:47.675>any <00:22:47.814>of <00:22:47.955>WIC <00:22:48.095>a

501
00:22:49.975 --> 00:22:52.635
<00:22:49.975>or, <00:22:50.254>um, <00:22:50.534>the <00:22:50.814>EEN <00:22:51.094>standard <00:22:51.375>yet.

502
00:22:52.825 --> 00:22:53.955
<00:22:52.825>Embedding <00:22:53.164>this <00:22:53.503>into <00:22:53.841>your

503
00:22:54.635 --> 00:22:57.555
<00:22:54.635>software <00:22:54.868>development <00:22:55.101>life <00:22:55.335>cycle <00:22:55.568>is <00:22:55.801>really <00:22:56.035>important.

504
00:22:57.935 --> 00:23:01.115
<00:22:57.935>We <00:22:58.110>can't <00:22:58.284>get <00:22:58.460>away <00:22:58.635>with <00:22:58.810>not <00:22:58.985>doing <00:22:59.159>accessibility <00:22:59.335>anymore.

505
00:23:01.855 --> 00:23:02.875
<00:23:01.855>Uh, <00:23:02.161>it <00:23:02.467>is <00:23:02.773>law.

506
00:23:03.535 --> 00:23:06.475
<00:23:03.535>So <00:23:03.690>we <00:23:03.846>need <00:23:04.001>to <00:23:04.157>get <00:23:04.312>this <00:23:04.468>into <00:23:04.623>our <00:23:04.779>design <00:23:04.935>process,

507
00:23:06.705 --> 00:23:08.075
<00:23:06.705>into <00:23:07.116>the <00:23:07.527>implementation <00:23:07.938>process.

508
00:23:08.545 --> 00:23:11.035
<00:23:08.545>When <00:23:08.672>we <00:23:08.799>are <00:23:08.926>building <00:23:09.054>new <00:23:09.181>things, <00:23:09.308>we <00:23:09.435>need <00:23:09.563>to <00:23:09.690>be <00:23:09.817>building <00:23:09.945>them

509
00:23:11.305 --> 00:23:13.235
<00:23:11.305>with <00:23:11.538>accessibility <00:23:11.771>in <00:23:12.005>mind <00:23:12.238>from <00:23:12.471>the <00:23:12.705>start.

510
00:23:13.235 --> 00:23:15.795
<00:23:13.235>We <00:23:13.375>can't <00:23:13.514>be <00:23:13.655>like, <00:23:13.794>oh, <00:23:13.935>I'm <00:23:14.074>gonna <00:23:14.215>build <00:23:14.354>it <00:23:14.495>inaccessible <00:23:14.635>now.

511
00:23:15.985 --> 00:23:18.675
<00:23:15.985>I'll <00:23:16.112>fix <00:23:16.239>it <00:23:16.366>in <00:23:16.494>a <00:23:16.621>month's <00:23:16.748>time <00:23:16.875>or <00:23:17.003>in <00:23:17.130>six <00:23:17.257>months <00:23:17.385>time.

512
00:23:18.675 --> 00:23:19.675
<00:23:18.675>That <00:23:18.975>just <00:23:19.274>doesn't <00:23:19.575>happen.

513
00:23:20.255 --> 00:23:22.435
<00:23:20.255>We <00:23:20.430>need <00:23:20.605>to <00:23:20.780>build <00:23:20.955>everything <00:23:21.130>new <00:23:21.305>from <00:23:21.480>the <00:23:21.655>start

514
00:23:22.735 --> 00:23:23.995
<00:23:22.735>as <00:23:23.112>accessible <00:23:23.491>as <00:23:23.869>possible.

515
00:23:24.375 --> 00:23:27.795
<00:23:24.375>We <00:23:24.515>need <00:23:24.655>to <00:23:24.795>start <00:23:24.935>making <00:23:25.075>plans <00:23:25.215>for <00:23:25.355>the <00:23:25.495>old <00:23:25.635>stuff, <00:23:25.775>uh,

516
00:23:27.795 --> 00:23:29.795
<00:23:27.795>that <00:23:28.028>we've <00:23:28.261>already <00:23:28.495>got, <00:23:28.728>how <00:23:28.961>we're <00:23:29.195>gonna

517
00:23:29.815 --> 00:23:31.035
<00:23:29.815>update <00:23:30.364>that <00:23:30.913>successively.

518
00:23:32.935 --> 00:23:35.275
<00:23:32.935>And <00:23:33.284>also <00:23:33.635>in <00:23:33.985>this <00:23:34.335>process,

519
00:23:36.155 --> 00:23:38.275
<00:23:36.155>I <00:23:36.435>would <00:23:36.715>definitely <00:23:36.995>recommend <00:23:37.274>user <00:23:37.555>testing.

520
00:23:41.055 --> 00:23:42.315
<00:23:41.055>I'm <00:23:41.281>gonna <00:23:41.508>finish <00:23:41.735>with <00:23:41.962>a <00:23:42.189>joke

521
00:23:42.735 --> 00:23:44.675
<00:23:42.735>and <00:23:42.968>I'm <00:23:43.201>really <00:23:43.435>hoping <00:23:43.668>that <00:23:43.901>everyone <00:23:44.135>knows

522
00:23:44.675 --> 00:23:46.605
<00:23:44.675>what <00:23:44.875>a <00:23:45.075>11 <00:23:45.274>Y <00:23:45.475>means <00:23:45.675>here <00:23:45.875>or <00:23:46.075>Alley.

523
00:23:47.155 --> 00:23:49.045
<00:23:47.155>It's <00:23:47.435>a <00:23:47.715>shortened <00:23:47.995>version <00:23:48.274>of <00:23:48.555>accessibility.

524
00:23:49.105 --> 00:23:51.685
<00:23:49.105>You <00:23:49.260>take <00:23:49.416>out <00:23:49.571>the, <00:23:49.727>uh, <00:23:49.882>11 <00:23:50.038>letters <00:23:50.193>in <00:23:50.349>the <00:23:50.505>middle.

525
00:23:53.545 --> 00:23:58.125
<00:23:53.545>How <00:23:53.652>do <00:23:53.760>you <00:23:53.868>eat <00:23:53.975>an <00:23:54.083>aliant? <00:23:54.191>You <00:23:54.298>do <00:23:54.406>it <00:23:54.514>one <00:23:54.621>bite <00:23:54.729>at <00:23:54.837>a <00:23:54.945>time.

526
00:23:58.665 --> 00:24:01.005
<00:23:58.665>So <00:23:58.898>the <00:23:59.131>really <00:23:59.365>important <00:23:59.598>thing <00:23:59.831>here <00:24:00.065>is

527
00:24:01.765 --> 00:24:04.245
<00:24:01.765>I <00:24:01.998>don't <00:24:02.231>want <00:24:02.465>people <00:24:02.698>leaving <00:24:02.931>feeling <00:24:03.165>overwhelmed.

528
00:24:04.245 --> 00:24:07.365
<00:24:04.245>There's <00:24:04.419>so <00:24:04.594>much <00:24:04.770>to <00:24:04.945>do. <00:24:05.120>Uh, <00:24:05.294>it's <00:24:05.469>a <00:24:05.645>journey.

529
00:24:08.115 --> 00:24:09.245
<00:24:08.115>Take <00:24:08.369>it <00:24:08.623>step <00:24:08.877>by <00:24:09.131>step.

530
00:24:09.465 --> 00:24:11.285
<00:24:09.465>Choose <00:24:09.698>one <00:24:09.931>thing <00:24:10.165>that <00:24:10.398>I've <00:24:10.631>spoken <00:24:10.865>about

531
00:24:11.295 --> 00:24:12.845
<00:24:11.295>today <00:24:11.760>and <00:24:12.225>implement <00:24:12.690>that.

532
00:24:13.105 --> 00:24:15.085
<00:24:13.105>And <00:24:13.305>once <00:24:13.505>that's <00:24:13.705>done, <00:24:13.905>take <00:24:14.105>the <00:24:14.305>next <00:24:14.505>thing

533
00:24:15.425 --> 00:24:16.565
<00:24:15.425>and <00:24:15.681>implement <00:24:15.938>that <00:24:16.194>as <00:24:16.451>well.

534
00:24:16.945 --> 00:24:20.285
<00:24:16.945>Um, <00:24:17.100>and <00:24:17.256>just <00:24:17.411>remember <00:24:17.567>that <00:24:17.722>it's <00:24:17.878>ongoing. <00:24:18.033>It's <00:24:18.189>never <00:24:18.345>done.

535
00:24:20.635 --> 00:24:23.925
<00:24:20.635>It's <00:24:20.868>never <00:24:21.101>gonna <00:24:21.335>be <00:24:21.568>perfect. <00:24:21.801>Thank <00:24:22.035>you.