WEBVTT

1
00:00:17.785 --> 00:00:18.525
<00:00:17.785>Hi <00:00:18.451>everyone.

2
00:00:18.525 --> 00:00:20.285
<00:00:18.525>Thanks <00:00:18.805>so <00:00:19.084>much <00:00:19.365>for <00:00:19.645>sticking <00:00:19.924>around.

3
00:00:20.625 --> 00:00:22.005
<00:00:20.625>Uh, <00:00:20.935>thanks <00:00:21.246>for <00:00:21.556>your <00:00:21.866>patience.

4
00:00:22.185 --> 00:00:25.525
<00:00:22.185>Uh, <00:00:22.312>I <00:00:22.439>promise <00:00:22.566>I <00:00:22.694>give <00:00:22.821>my <00:00:22.948>best <00:00:23.075>to <00:00:23.203>make <00:00:23.330>your <00:00:23.457>weight <00:00:23.584>worthwhile.

5
00:00:25.955 --> 00:00:27.565
<00:00:25.955>Welcome, <00:00:26.654>everyone, <00:00:27.354>uh,

6
00:00:27.585 --> 00:00:30.365
<00:00:27.585>to <00:00:27.760>this <00:00:27.935>presentation <00:00:28.110>titled <00:00:28.285>How <00:00:28.460>Machine <00:00:28.635>Learning <00:00:28.810>is <00:00:28.985>Starting

7
00:00:30.385 --> 00:00:31.565
<00:00:30.385>the <00:00:30.916>Automotive <00:00:31.447>Industry.

8
00:00:31.665 --> 00:00:35.045
<00:00:31.665>Upside <00:00:31.865>Down. <00:00:32.064>The <00:00:32.265>topic <00:00:32.464>is <00:00:32.665>quite <00:00:32.865>complex, <00:00:33.065>so

9
00:00:35.045 --> 00:00:37.205
<00:00:35.045>that's <00:00:35.245>why <00:00:35.445>I <00:00:35.645>always <00:00:35.845>like <00:00:36.045>to <00:00:36.245>supplement <00:00:36.445>it

10
00:00:37.205 --> 00:00:38.325
<00:00:37.205>with <00:00:37.541>a <00:00:37.877>little <00:00:38.213>story.

11
00:00:38.705 --> 00:00:41.615
<00:00:38.705>So, <00:00:38.905>before <00:00:39.105>we <00:00:39.305>get <00:00:39.504>started, <00:00:39.705>listen <00:00:39.905>to <00:00:40.105>this.

12
00:00:42.965 --> 00:00:46.775
<00:00:42.965>Once <00:00:43.092>upon <00:00:43.219>a <00:00:43.346>time, <00:00:43.474>there <00:00:43.601>was <00:00:43.728>a <00:00:43.855>giant, <00:00:43.983>a <00:00:44.110>giant, <00:00:44.237>so <00:00:44.365>big

13
00:00:46.775 --> 00:00:50.535
<00:00:46.775>and <00:00:46.949>powerful <00:00:47.125>that <00:00:47.300>everybody <00:00:47.475>knew <00:00:47.650>the <00:00:47.824>giant <00:00:48.000>people <00:00:48.175>would

14
00:00:50.535 --> 00:00:53.255
<00:00:50.535>love, <00:00:50.675>uh, <00:00:50.815>would <00:00:50.955>work <00:00:51.095>for <00:00:51.235>the <00:00:51.375>giant <00:00:51.514>people, <00:00:51.654>love <00:00:51.794>the <00:00:51.934>giant,

15
00:00:53.485 --> 00:00:54.615
<00:00:53.485>even <00:00:53.739>worship <00:00:53.993>it <00:00:54.247>at <00:00:54.502>times.

16
00:00:55.555 --> 00:00:58.455
<00:00:55.555>Now, <00:00:55.710>all <00:00:55.866>of <00:00:56.021>a <00:00:56.177>sudden, <00:00:56.332>a <00:00:56.488>little <00:00:56.643>ferry <00:00:56.799>came <00:00:56.955>flying

17
00:00:58.475 --> 00:01:01.655
<00:00:58.475>to <00:00:58.602>the <00:00:58.729>giant <00:00:58.856>and <00:00:58.984>gave <00:00:59.111>it <00:00:59.238>a <00:00:59.365>little <00:00:59.493>pill <00:00:59.620>on <00:00:59.747>this <00:00:59.875>pill

18
00:01:01.685 --> 00:01:02.815
<00:01:01.685>with <00:01:02.193>tiny <00:01:02.702>litters.

19
00:01:03.165 --> 00:01:04.695
<00:01:03.165>Machine <00:01:03.623>learning <00:01:04.083>was <00:01:04.541>written.

20
00:01:05.985 --> 00:01:09.525
<00:01:05.985>Now, <00:01:06.125>the <00:01:06.265>ferry <00:01:06.405>told <00:01:06.545>the <00:01:06.685>giant, <00:01:06.825>if <00:01:06.965>you <00:01:07.105>take <00:01:07.245>this <00:01:07.385>pill,

21
00:01:09.905 --> 00:01:12.805
<00:01:09.905>the <00:01:10.045>pill <00:01:10.185>will <00:01:10.325>make <00:01:10.465>you <00:01:10.605>even <00:01:10.745>much <00:01:10.885>stronger <00:01:11.025>and <00:01:11.165>more <00:01:11.305>powerful.

22
00:01:13.225 --> 00:01:17.325
<00:01:13.225>But <00:01:13.365>beware, <00:01:13.505>the <00:01:13.645>pill <00:01:13.785>can <00:01:13.925>also <00:01:14.065>inflict <00:01:14.205>severe <00:01:14.345>pain <00:01:14.485>upon <00:01:14.625>you.

23
00:01:17.745 --> 00:01:20.525
<00:01:17.745>How <00:01:17.920>shall <00:01:18.095>the <00:01:18.270>story <00:01:18.445>unfold? <00:01:18.620>We <00:01:18.795>will <00:01:18.970>see <00:01:19.145>next.

24
00:01:21.585 --> 00:01:25.405
<00:01:21.585>So <00:01:21.725>this <00:01:21.865>is <00:01:22.005>the <00:01:22.145>little <00:01:22.285>story <00:01:22.425>that <00:01:22.565>will <00:01:22.705>basically <00:01:22.845>guide <00:01:22.985>us

25
00:01:25.405 --> 00:01:26.805
<00:01:25.405>through <00:01:25.825>our <00:01:26.245>entire <00:01:26.665>presentation.

26
00:01:26.805 --> 00:01:28.485
<00:01:26.805>First <00:01:26.980>of <00:01:27.155>all, <00:01:27.330>why <00:01:27.505>should <00:01:27.680>you <00:01:27.855>listen <00:01:28.030>to <00:01:28.205>me?

27
00:01:28.865 --> 00:01:30.205
<00:01:28.865>Uh, <00:01:29.106>my <00:01:29.347>name <00:01:29.588>is <00:01:29.829>Jan <00:01:30.071>Ky.

28
00:01:30.345 --> 00:01:31.765
<00:01:30.345>I'm <00:01:30.664>currently <00:01:30.984>the <00:01:31.303>acting <00:01:31.623>head

29
00:01:31.765 --> 00:01:34.885
<00:01:31.765>of <00:01:31.965>artificial <00:01:32.165>intelligence <00:01:32.365>at <00:01:32.565>the <00:01:32.765>Car <00:01:32.965>Software <00:01:33.165>Organization,

30
00:01:35.255 --> 00:01:37.925
<00:01:35.255>which <00:01:35.488>is <00:01:35.721>the <00:01:35.955>central <00:01:36.188>software <00:01:36.421>development <00:01:36.655>entity

31
00:01:38.025 --> 00:01:39.885
<00:01:38.025>for <00:01:38.305>the <00:01:38.585>entire <00:01:38.865>VW <00:01:39.145>group, <00:01:39.425>right?

32
00:01:40.265 --> 00:01:42.765
<00:01:40.265>In <00:01:40.420>my <00:01:40.576>personal <00:01:40.731>biased <00:01:40.887>opinion, <00:01:41.042>I <00:01:41.198>think <00:01:41.353>this <00:01:41.509>is <00:01:41.665>one

33
00:01:42.765 --> 00:01:45.805
<00:01:42.765>of <00:01:42.940>the <00:01:43.115>most <00:01:43.290>exciting <00:01:43.465>projects <00:01:43.640>to <00:01:43.815>be <00:01:43.990>undertaking <00:01:44.165>worldwide.

34
00:01:46.345 --> 00:01:50.805
<00:01:46.345>Um, <00:01:46.500>we <00:01:46.656>will <00:01:46.811>grow <00:01:46.967>until <00:01:47.122>2025 <00:01:47.278>to <00:01:47.433>around <00:01:47.589>10,000 <00:01:47.745>people

35
00:01:51.305 --> 00:01:55.005
<00:01:51.305>who <00:01:51.460>will, <00:01:51.616>in <00:01:51.771>a <00:01:51.927>central <00:01:52.082>manner <00:01:52.238>develop <00:01:52.393>software <00:01:52.549>for <00:01:52.705>up

36
00:01:55.005 --> 00:01:57.885
<00:01:55.005>to <00:01:55.145>10 <00:01:55.285>million <00:01:55.425>cars <00:01:55.565>that <00:01:55.705>are <00:01:55.845>produced <00:01:55.985>by <00:01:56.125>the <00:01:56.265>VW <00:01:56.405>brand.

37
00:01:57.945 --> 00:02:01.045
<00:01:57.945>So, <00:01:58.178>incredibly <00:01:58.411>exciting, <00:01:58.645>also <00:01:58.878>very <00:01:59.111>exciting <00:01:59.345>challenges

38
00:02:01.045 --> 00:02:03.725
<00:02:01.045>that <00:02:01.172>are <00:02:01.299>ahead, <00:02:01.426>and <00:02:01.554>I'm <00:02:01.681>very <00:02:01.808>lucky <00:02:01.935>to <00:02:02.063>be <00:02:02.190>part <00:02:02.317>of <00:02:02.445>this.

39
00:02:05.285 --> 00:02:07.985
<00:02:05.285>Um, <00:02:05.565>the <00:02:05.845>presentation <00:02:06.125>today <00:02:06.405>is <00:02:06.685>basically

40
00:02:08.355 --> 00:02:09.545
<00:02:08.354>slice <00:02:08.711>to <00:02:09.068>three <00:02:09.425>parts.

41
00:02:09.725 --> 00:02:11.705
<00:02:09.725>The <00:02:09.958>first <00:02:10.191>one <00:02:10.424>is, <00:02:10.658>what's <00:02:10.891>the <00:02:11.125>state

42
00:02:11.705 --> 00:02:13.465
<00:02:11.705>of <00:02:12.055>the <00:02:12.405>automotive <00:02:12.755>industry <00:02:13.105>today?

43
00:02:14.205 --> 00:02:16.345
<00:02:14.205>Why <00:02:14.405>would <00:02:14.605>you <00:02:14.805>care <00:02:15.005>about <00:02:15.205>the <00:02:15.405>automotive <00:02:15.605>industry?

44
00:02:16.565 --> 00:02:18.785
<00:02:16.565>And <00:02:16.740>if <00:02:16.915>we <00:02:17.090>go <00:02:17.265>back <00:02:17.440>to <00:02:17.615>our, <00:02:17.790>uh, <00:02:17.965>story,

45
00:02:19.525 --> 00:02:21.785
<00:02:19.525>why <00:02:19.680>is <00:02:19.836>the <00:02:19.991>main <00:02:20.147>character <00:02:20.302>of <00:02:20.458>the <00:02:20.613>story <00:02:20.769>a <00:02:20.925>giant

46
00:02:21.965 --> 00:02:23.665
<00:02:21.965>and <00:02:22.165>not <00:02:22.365>maybe <00:02:22.565>a <00:02:22.765>turtle <00:02:22.965>or <00:02:23.165>a <00:02:23.365>snail?

47
00:02:24.075 --> 00:02:26.425
<00:02:24.075>Afterwards, <00:02:24.274>I <00:02:24.475>will <00:02:24.674>talk <00:02:24.875>about <00:02:25.075>the <00:02:25.274>potential <00:02:25.475>impact

48
00:02:26.425 --> 00:02:28.865
<00:02:26.425>that <00:02:26.600>machine <00:02:26.775>learning <00:02:26.950>can <00:02:27.125>have <00:02:27.300>on <00:02:27.475>the <00:02:27.650>automotive <00:02:27.825>industry.

49
00:02:29.365 --> 00:02:31.305
<00:02:29.365>And <00:02:29.598>last <00:02:29.831>but <00:02:30.065>not <00:02:30.298>least, <00:02:30.531>I'm <00:02:30.765>going

50
00:02:31.305 --> 00:02:34.345
<00:02:31.305>to <00:02:31.460>talk <00:02:31.616>about <00:02:31.771>the <00:02:31.927>challenges, <00:02:32.082>which <00:02:32.238>in <00:02:32.393>some <00:02:32.549>cases <00:02:32.705>abound.

51
00:02:35.245 --> 00:02:38.945
<00:02:35.245>So <00:02:35.372>let's <00:02:35.499>first <00:02:35.626>have <00:02:35.754>a <00:02:35.881>look <00:02:36.008>about <00:02:36.135>why <00:02:36.263>you <00:02:36.390>should <00:02:36.517>care <00:02:36.645>about

52
00:02:38.945 --> 00:02:40.105
<00:02:38.945>the <00:02:39.466>automotive <00:02:39.988>industry

53
00:02:40.645 --> 00:02:43.225
<00:02:40.645>and, <00:02:40.845>um, <00:02:41.045>how <00:02:41.245>disruptive <00:02:41.445>machine <00:02:41.645>learning <00:02:41.845>could <00:02:42.045>be.

54
00:02:43.595 --> 00:02:46.385
<00:02:43.595>First, <00:02:43.734>I <00:02:43.875>want <00:02:44.015>to <00:02:44.155>take <00:02:44.295>a <00:02:44.435>look <00:02:44.575>at <00:02:44.715>the <00:02:44.855>economic <00:02:44.995>impact

55
00:02:46.385 --> 00:02:47.665
<00:02:46.385>of <00:02:46.769>the <00:02:47.153>automotive <00:02:47.536>industry.

56
00:02:47.965 --> 00:02:51.105
<00:02:47.965>And <00:02:48.165>without <00:02:48.365>question, <00:02:48.565>the <00:02:48.765>automotive <00:02:48.965>industry <00:02:49.165>is <00:02:49.365>one

57
00:02:51.105 --> 00:02:54.145
<00:02:51.105>of <00:02:51.280>the <00:02:51.454>most <00:02:51.630>important <00:02:51.804>economic <00:02:51.980>drivers <00:02:52.155>of <00:02:52.329>the <00:02:52.505>world.

58
00:02:54.455 --> 00:02:59.325
<00:02:54.454>What <00:02:54.571>you <00:02:54.688>see <00:02:54.804>here <00:02:54.921>on <00:02:55.038>the <00:02:55.154>left <00:02:55.271>side <00:02:55.388>is <00:02:55.505>a <00:02:55.621>compar, <00:02:55.738>a <00:02:55.855>comparison

59
00:02:59.905 --> 00:03:03.765
<00:02:59.905>of <00:03:00.080>market <00:03:00.255>capitalizations <00:03:00.430>by <00:03:00.605>companies <00:03:00.780>in <00:03:00.955>the <00:03:01.130>US <00:03:01.305>economy,

60
00:03:04.625 --> 00:03:06.925
<00:03:04.625>um, <00:03:04.975>by, <00:03:05.325>by <00:03:05.675>sectors, <00:03:06.025>basically.

61
00:03:07.035 --> 00:03:08.805
<00:03:07.035>Okay, <00:03:07.501>what's <00:03:07.968>market <00:03:08.435>capitalization?

62
00:03:09.355 --> 00:03:13.005
<00:03:09.355>It's <00:03:09.510>how <00:03:09.666>valuable <00:03:09.821>the <00:03:09.977>market <00:03:10.132>thinks <00:03:10.288>that <00:03:10.443>a <00:03:10.599>company <00:03:10.755>is.

63
00:03:13.345 --> 00:03:16.445
<00:03:13.345>So <00:03:13.500>a <00:03:13.656>company <00:03:13.811>that's <00:03:13.967>publicly <00:03:14.122>traded <00:03:14.278>has, <00:03:14.433>I <00:03:14.589>don't <00:03:14.745>know,

64
00:03:16.525 --> 00:03:19.005
<00:03:16.525>a <00:03:16.875>thousand, <00:03:17.225>uh, <00:03:17.575>stocks <00:03:17.925>outstanding.

65
00:03:19.265 --> 00:03:22.765
<00:03:19.265>If <00:03:19.420>each <00:03:19.576>stock <00:03:19.731>is <00:03:19.887>worth <00:03:20.042>$10, <00:03:20.198>then <00:03:20.353>the <00:03:20.509>market <00:03:20.665>capitalization

66
00:03:22.765 --> 00:03:24.725
<00:03:22.765>of <00:03:23.045>this <00:03:23.325>company <00:03:23.605>would <00:03:23.885>be <00:03:24.165>$10,000.

67
00:03:25.345 --> 00:03:27.045
<00:03:25.345>And <00:03:25.520>what <00:03:25.695>you <00:03:25.870>see <00:03:26.045>on <00:03:26.220>the <00:03:26.395>left <00:03:26.570>side <00:03:26.745>is

68
00:03:27.045 --> 00:03:30.925
<00:03:27.045>that <00:03:27.200>the <00:03:27.356>automotive <00:03:27.511>industry <00:03:27.667>is <00:03:27.822>valued <00:03:27.978>at <00:03:28.133>over <00:03:28.289>$1 <00:03:28.445>trillion,

69
00:03:31.345 --> 00:03:33.445
<00:03:31.345>um, <00:03:31.578>in <00:03:31.811>the, <00:03:32.045>in <00:03:32.278>the <00:03:32.511>US <00:03:32.745>sector.

70
00:03:34.185 --> 00:03:36.525
<00:03:34.185>Now, <00:03:34.651>this <00:03:35.118>is <00:03:35.585>important.

71
00:03:36.805 --> 00:03:38.685
<00:03:36.805>I <00:03:36.960>think <00:03:37.116>it's <00:03:37.271>somewhere <00:03:37.427>in <00:03:37.582>the <00:03:37.738>middle, <00:03:37.893>uh, <00:03:38.049>in <00:03:38.205>terms

72
00:03:38.685 --> 00:03:41.445
<00:03:38.685>of <00:03:38.885>importance <00:03:39.085>when <00:03:39.285>it's <00:03:39.485>compared <00:03:39.685>to <00:03:39.885>other <00:03:40.085>sectors.

73
00:03:41.945 --> 00:03:45.805
<00:03:41.945>Um, <00:03:42.061>but <00:03:42.178>what <00:03:42.295>you <00:03:42.411>also <00:03:42.528>see <00:03:42.644>on <00:03:42.761>the <00:03:42.878>left <00:03:42.995>side <00:03:43.111>is <00:03:43.228>how <00:03:43.345>valuable

74
00:03:46.345 --> 00:03:49.325
<00:03:46.345>the, <00:03:46.545>um, <00:03:46.745>market <00:03:46.945>thinks <00:03:47.145>that <00:03:47.345>software <00:03:47.545>companies <00:03:47.745>are.

75
00:03:49.465 --> 00:03:52.245
<00:03:49.465>Now, <00:03:49.605>you <00:03:49.745>cannot <00:03:49.885>draw <00:03:50.025>too <00:03:50.165>many <00:03:50.305>conclusions <00:03:50.445>just <00:03:50.585>from <00:03:50.725>this <00:03:50.865>one

76
00:03:52.245 --> 00:03:55.285
<00:03:52.245>chart, <00:03:52.420>but <00:03:52.595>on <00:03:52.770>this <00:03:52.945>chart, <00:03:53.120>it <00:03:53.295>definitely <00:03:53.470>looks <00:03:53.645>like

77
00:03:56.085 --> 00:03:57.805
<00:03:56.085>software <00:03:56.551>is <00:03:57.018>valued <00:03:57.485>higher

78
00:03:58.025 --> 00:04:01.085
<00:03:58.025>or <00:03:58.305>is <00:03:58.585>valued <00:03:58.865>more <00:03:59.145>explicitly, <00:03:59.425>um,

79
00:04:01.395 --> 00:04:03.445
<00:04:01.395>than <00:04:01.628>other <00:04:01.861>sectors <00:04:02.095>in <00:04:02.328>the <00:04:02.561>US <00:04:02.795>economy.

80
00:04:04.215 --> 00:04:05.885
<00:04:04.215>Let's <00:04:04.415>make <00:04:04.615>this <00:04:04.815>a <00:04:05.015>little <00:04:05.215>bit <00:04:05.415>more <00:04:05.615>closer.

81
00:04:06.255 --> 00:04:07.805
<00:04:06.255>Let's <00:04:06.454>make <00:04:06.653>this <00:04:06.852>a <00:04:07.052>little <00:04:07.251>bit <00:04:07.450>more <00:04:07.650>local.

82
00:04:08.265 --> 00:04:09.805
<00:04:08.265>Um, <00:04:08.727>what's <00:04:09.189>the <00:04:09.651>impact

83
00:04:09.805 --> 00:04:12.885
<00:04:09.805>of <00:04:09.980>the <00:04:10.155>mode <00:04:10.330>automotive <00:04:10.505>industry <00:04:10.680>on <00:04:10.855>the <00:04:11.030>German <00:04:11.205>economy?

84
00:04:13.195 --> 00:04:17.885
<00:04:13.195>Well, <00:04:13.350>if <00:04:13.506>you, <00:04:13.661>um, <00:04:13.817>stack <00:04:13.972>up <00:04:14.128>the, <00:04:14.283>um, <00:04:14.439>market <00:04:14.595>capitalizations

85
00:04:17.885 --> 00:04:20.445
<00:04:17.885>of <00:04:18.164>German <00:04:18.445>OEMs, <00:04:18.724>then <00:04:19.005>depending <00:04:19.284>on

86
00:04:20.445 --> 00:04:22.925
<00:04:20.445>how <00:04:20.584>you <00:04:20.724>slice <00:04:20.865>the <00:04:21.005>other <00:04:21.144>companies, <00:04:21.284>you <00:04:21.425>can <00:04:21.565>make <00:04:21.704>the <00:04:21.844>case

87
00:04:22.925 --> 00:04:26.125
<00:04:22.925>that <00:04:23.100>the <00:04:23.275>automotive <00:04:23.450>industry <00:04:23.625>is <00:04:23.800>the <00:04:23.975>most <00:04:24.150>important <00:04:24.325>economic

88
00:04:26.125 --> 00:04:27.845
<00:04:26.125>contributor <00:04:26.475>to <00:04:26.825>the <00:04:27.175>German <00:04:27.525>economy.

89
00:04:28.355 --> 00:04:32.045
<00:04:28.355>Okay, <00:04:28.588>next, <00:04:28.821>let's <00:04:29.055>make <00:04:29.288>this <00:04:29.521>more <00:04:29.755>personal

90
00:04:32.185 --> 00:04:36.125
<00:04:32.185>and <00:04:32.325>look <00:04:32.465>on <00:04:32.605>the <00:04:32.745>impact <00:04:32.885>that <00:04:33.025>the <00:04:33.165>automotive <00:04:33.305>industry <00:04:33.445>has <00:04:33.585>on,

91
00:04:36.545 --> 00:04:39.085
<00:04:36.545>um, <00:04:36.720>the <00:04:36.895>people <00:04:37.070>who <00:04:37.245>are <00:04:37.420>basically <00:04:37.595>working <00:04:37.770>in <00:04:37.945>it.

92
00:04:39.745 --> 00:04:44.285
<00:04:39.745>So <00:04:39.885>globally, <00:04:40.025>there <00:04:40.165>are <00:04:40.305>9 <00:04:40.445>million <00:04:40.585>people <00:04:40.725>employed <00:04:40.865>by, <00:04:41.005>uh, <00:04:41.145>uh,

93
00:04:44.765 --> 00:04:45.925
<00:04:44.765>companies <00:04:45.026>in <00:04:45.287>the <00:04:45.548>automotive <00:04:45.809>industry,

94
00:04:48.995 --> 00:04:51.085
<00:04:48.995>9 <00:04:49.275>million <00:04:49.555>people <00:04:49.835>are <00:04:50.115>directly <00:04:50.395>employed

95
00:04:51.085 --> 00:04:52.325
<00:04:51.085>by <00:04:51.457>the <00:04:51.829>automotive <00:04:52.200>industry,

96
00:04:52.785 --> 00:04:55.725
<00:04:52.784>but <00:04:52.984>even <00:04:53.184>more <00:04:53.385>people, <00:04:53.585>uh, <00:04:53.784>five <00:04:53.984>x <00:04:54.184>people,

97
00:04:55.775 --> 00:04:58.325
<00:04:55.775>50 <00:04:56.054>million <00:04:56.335>people <00:04:56.614>are <00:04:56.895>indirectly <00:04:57.174>employed

98
00:04:58.345 --> 00:05:01.965
<00:04:58.345>by <00:04:58.520>the <00:04:58.695>automotive <00:04:58.870>industry, <00:04:59.045>which <00:04:59.220>means, <00:04:59.395>uh, <00:04:59.570>all <00:04:59.745>businesses

99
00:05:01.965 --> 00:05:04.005
<00:05:01.965>that <00:05:02.198>are <00:05:02.431>adjacent <00:05:02.664>into <00:05:02.898>the <00:05:03.131>automotive <00:05:03.364>industry,

100
00:05:04.005 --> 00:05:08.765
<00:05:04.005>like <00:05:04.205>car <00:05:04.405>insurance, <00:05:04.605>um, <00:05:04.805>garages, <00:05:05.005>repair <00:05:05.205>shops, <00:05:05.405>um,

101
00:05:09.405 --> 00:05:10.485
<00:05:09.405>anything <00:05:09.729>else, <00:05:10.053>et <00:05:10.377>cetera.

102
00:05:10.625 --> 00:05:12.565
<00:05:10.625>People <00:05:10.905>that <00:05:11.185>work <00:05:11.465>in <00:05:11.745>automotive <00:05:12.025>edge

103
00:05:12.625 --> 00:05:15.725
<00:05:12.625>and <00:05:12.825>businesses <00:05:13.025>account <00:05:13.225>for <00:05:13.425>50 <00:05:13.625>million <00:05:13.825>people <00:05:14.025>worldwide.

104
00:05:16.385 --> 00:05:19.925
<00:05:16.385>And <00:05:16.512>if <00:05:16.639>you <00:05:16.766>think <00:05:16.894>about <00:05:17.021>it, <00:05:17.148>that's <00:05:17.275>one <00:05:17.403>in <00:05:17.530>60 <00:05:17.657>people <00:05:17.784>globally

105
00:05:20.235 --> 00:05:22.565
<00:05:20.235>that <00:05:20.468>is <00:05:20.701>impacted <00:05:20.935>by <00:05:21.168>the <00:05:21.401>automotive <00:05:21.635>industry.

106
00:05:23.255 --> 00:05:26.805
<00:05:23.255>Again, <00:05:23.430>let's, <00:05:23.605>let's <00:05:23.780>take <00:05:23.955>a <00:05:24.130>step <00:05:24.305>closer <00:05:24.480>to, <00:05:24.655>uh,

107
00:05:26.805 --> 00:05:28.405
<00:05:26.805>where <00:05:27.038>we <00:05:27.271>are <00:05:27.505>currently <00:05:27.738>based <00:05:27.971>in <00:05:28.205>Germany.

108
00:05:28.865 --> 00:05:31.765
<00:05:28.865>In <00:05:29.040>Germany, <00:05:29.215>Germany, <00:05:29.390>the <00:05:29.565>numbers <00:05:29.740>are, <00:05:29.915>are <00:05:30.090>quite <00:05:30.265>similar.

109
00:05:31.905 --> 00:05:34.885
<00:05:31.905>We <00:05:32.080>have <00:05:32.255>about <00:05:32.429>800,000 <00:05:32.604>people <00:05:32.780>who <00:05:32.955>are <00:05:33.130>directly <00:05:33.304>employed

110
00:05:34.885 --> 00:05:36.165
<00:05:34.885>by <00:05:35.269>the <00:05:35.653>automotive <00:05:36.037>industry.

111
00:05:36.665 --> 00:05:38.965
<00:05:36.665>And <00:05:36.865>indirectly <00:05:37.065>we <00:05:37.265>have <00:05:37.465>almost <00:05:37.665>2 <00:05:37.865>million <00:05:38.065>people

112
00:05:39.345 --> 00:05:41.245
<00:05:39.345>who <00:05:39.578>are <00:05:39.811>employed <00:05:40.045>in <00:05:40.278>the <00:05:40.511>automotive <00:05:40.745>industry.

113
00:05:41.465 --> 00:05:44.285
<00:05:41.465>In <00:05:41.698>Germany, <00:05:41.931>the <00:05:42.165>ratio <00:05:42.398>is <00:05:42.631>even <00:05:42.865>more,

114
00:05:44.625 --> 00:05:46.645
<00:05:44.625>um, <00:05:45.091>is <00:05:45.558>even <00:05:46.025>tighter.

115
00:05:47.075 --> 00:05:50.005
<00:05:47.075>It's <00:05:47.250>one <00:05:47.425>in <00:05:47.599>50 <00:05:47.775>people <00:05:47.950>who <00:05:48.125>are <00:05:48.300>directly <00:05:48.474>impacted

116
00:05:50.065 --> 00:05:51.325
<00:05:50.065>by <00:05:50.443>the <00:05:50.820>automotive <00:05:51.199>industry.

117
00:05:54.055 --> 00:05:58.045
<00:05:54.055>Next, <00:05:54.210>let's <00:05:54.366>look <00:05:54.521>at, <00:05:54.677>uh, <00:05:54.832>the <00:05:54.988>current <00:05:55.143>status, <00:05:55.299>um, <00:05:55.455>uh,

118
00:05:58.065 --> 00:06:00.845
<00:05:58.065>and <00:05:58.240>where <00:05:58.415>the <00:05:58.590>economics <00:05:58.765>are <00:05:58.940>of <00:05:59.115>the <00:05:59.290>car <00:05:59.465>industry.

119
00:06:01.105 --> 00:06:04.605
<00:06:01.105>So <00:06:01.232>what <00:06:01.359>you <00:06:01.486>see <00:06:01.614>on <00:06:01.741>the <00:06:01.868>left <00:06:01.995>side <00:06:02.123>is <00:06:02.250>global <00:06:02.377>car <00:06:02.505>sales

120
00:06:04.865 --> 00:06:09.045
<00:06:04.865>and <00:06:05.005>what <00:06:05.145>you <00:06:05.285>can <00:06:05.425>tell, <00:06:05.565>um, <00:06:05.705>since <00:06:05.845>since <00:06:05.985>1990 <00:06:06.125>until <00:06:06.265>2019,

121
00:06:09.755 --> 00:06:12.725
<00:06:09.755>what <00:06:09.930>you <00:06:10.105>can <00:06:10.280>see <00:06:10.455>here <00:06:10.630>is <00:06:10.805>the <00:06:10.980>global <00:06:11.155>car

122
00:06:13.015 --> 00:06:14.365
<00:06:13.015>sales <00:06:13.622>have <00:06:14.230>flattened.

123
00:06:14.425 --> 00:06:18.725
<00:06:14.425>And <00:06:14.580>even <00:06:14.736>for <00:06:14.891>2020, <00:06:15.047>um, <00:06:15.202>also <00:06:15.358>due <00:06:15.513>to <00:06:15.669>this <00:06:15.825>pandemic

124
00:06:18.725 --> 00:06:22.365
<00:06:18.725>that <00:06:18.865>we're <00:06:19.005>living <00:06:19.145>in, <00:06:19.285>the <00:06:19.425>global <00:06:19.565>car <00:06:19.705>sales <00:06:19.845>are <00:06:19.985>not <00:06:20.125>projected

125
00:06:22.385 --> 00:06:23.845
<00:06:22.385>to <00:06:23.042>rise <00:06:23.699>incredibly.

126
00:06:24.225 --> 00:06:27.245
<00:06:24.225>But, <00:06:24.400>um, <00:06:24.575>again, <00:06:24.750>decline <00:06:24.925>by <00:06:25.100>just <00:06:25.275>a <00:06:25.450>little <00:06:25.625>bit.

127
00:06:27.385 --> 00:06:29.805
<00:06:27.385>So, <00:06:27.664>global <00:06:27.945>car <00:06:28.224>sales <00:06:28.505>are <00:06:28.784>flat.

128
00:06:30.905 --> 00:06:34.605
<00:06:30.905>On <00:06:31.080>the <00:06:31.255>other <00:06:31.429>hand, <00:06:31.604>there <00:06:31.780>are <00:06:31.955>several <00:06:32.130>ideas <00:06:32.304>of

129
00:06:34.605 --> 00:06:37.445
<00:06:34.605>what <00:06:34.805>can <00:06:35.005>compensate <00:06:35.205>this <00:06:35.405>decline <00:06:35.605>in <00:06:35.805>car <00:06:36.005>sales.

130
00:06:37.705 --> 00:06:39.845
<00:06:37.705>And <00:06:37.905>one <00:06:38.104>of <00:06:38.305>the <00:06:38.505>ideas <00:06:38.705>is <00:06:38.905>mobility, <00:06:39.104>right?

131
00:06:39.845 --> 00:06:41.165
<00:06:39.845>So <00:06:40.142>there <00:06:40.439>are <00:06:40.736>various <00:06:41.033>studies.

132
00:06:41.785 --> 00:06:45.445
<00:06:41.784>Here's, <00:06:41.984>uh, <00:06:42.184>one <00:06:42.385>study <00:06:42.585>by <00:06:42.784>the <00:06:42.984>O-I-C-E-I <00:06:43.184>believe,

133
00:06:45.615 --> 00:06:47.245
<00:06:45.615>which <00:06:45.965>predicts <00:06:46.315>that <00:06:46.665>the <00:06:47.015>demand

134
00:06:47.245 --> 00:06:49.125
<00:06:47.245>for <00:06:47.420>mobility <00:06:47.595>is <00:06:47.770>going <00:06:47.945>to <00:06:48.120>increase <00:06:48.295>in <00:06:48.470>the <00:06:48.645>future.

135
00:06:49.545 --> 00:06:51.845
<00:06:49.545>And <00:06:49.745>nobody <00:06:49.945>knows <00:06:50.145>if <00:06:50.345>mobility <00:06:50.545>is <00:06:50.745>really <00:06:50.945>going

136
00:06:51.845 --> 00:06:53.565
<00:06:51.845>to <00:06:52.125>be <00:06:52.405>the, <00:06:52.685>the <00:06:52.965>only <00:06:53.245>answer.

137
00:06:54.145 --> 00:06:57.525
<00:06:54.145>But, <00:06:54.261>um, <00:06:54.378>what <00:06:54.495>you <00:06:54.611>can <00:06:54.728>tell <00:06:54.844>from <00:06:54.961>the <00:06:55.078>slide <00:06:55.195>is <00:06:55.311>that <00:06:55.428>the <00:06:55.544>demand

138
00:06:57.985 --> 00:07:01.165
<00:06:57.985>for <00:06:58.218>car <00:06:58.451>sales <00:06:58.685>stagnating <00:06:58.918>while <00:06:59.151>the <00:06:59.385>demand

139
00:07:01.185 --> 00:07:02.885
<00:07:01.185>for <00:07:01.535>mobility <00:07:01.885>seems <00:07:02.235>to <00:07:02.585>increase.

140
00:07:04.975 --> 00:07:07.785
<00:07:04.975>Next, <00:07:05.130>let's <00:07:05.286>look <00:07:05.441>at <00:07:05.597>this <00:07:05.752>little <00:07:05.908>pill <00:07:06.063>called <00:07:06.219>machine <00:07:06.375>learning

141
00:07:08.945 --> 00:07:11.165
<00:07:08.945>and <00:07:09.120>what <00:07:09.295>it <00:07:09.469>can <00:07:09.645>do <00:07:09.820>through <00:07:09.995>the <00:07:10.170>automotive <00:07:10.344>industry.

142
00:07:11.655 --> 00:07:13.085
<00:07:11.655>First, <00:07:11.976>what <00:07:12.298>is <00:07:12.620>machine <00:07:12.942>learning?

143
00:07:13.145 --> 00:07:16.845
<00:07:13.145>In <00:07:13.300>very <00:07:13.456>simple <00:07:13.611>terms, <00:07:13.767>machine <00:07:13.922>learning <00:07:14.078>is <00:07:14.233>nothing <00:07:14.389>else <00:07:14.544>than,

144
00:07:17.025 --> 00:07:18.645
<00:07:17.025>uh, <00:07:17.258>is, <00:07:17.491>is <00:07:17.724>good <00:07:17.958>at <00:07:18.191>nothing <00:07:18.424>else,

145
00:07:18.705 --> 00:07:20.765
<00:07:18.705>but <00:07:18.984>finding <00:07:19.265>patterns <00:07:19.544>and <00:07:19.825>data, <00:07:20.104>right?

146
00:07:21.065 --> 00:07:24.365
<00:07:21.065>So <00:07:21.220>imagine <00:07:21.376>you <00:07:21.531>have <00:07:21.687>really, <00:07:21.842>really <00:07:21.998>large <00:07:22.153>amounts <00:07:22.309>of <00:07:22.465>data,

147
00:07:24.625 --> 00:07:26.485
<00:07:24.625>uh, <00:07:24.825>which <00:07:25.025>is <00:07:25.225>hard <00:07:25.425>for <00:07:25.625>humans <00:07:25.825>to <00:07:26.025>sift

148
00:07:26.485 --> 00:07:27.565
<00:07:26.485>through <00:07:26.728>and <00:07:26.971>find <00:07:27.214>the <00:07:27.457>patterns.

149
00:07:27.675 --> 00:07:29.885
<00:07:27.675>Machine <00:07:27.955>learning <00:07:28.235>algorithms <00:07:28.515>are <00:07:28.795>really <00:07:29.075>good

150
00:07:30.005 --> 00:07:31.045
<00:07:30.005>at <00:07:30.317>finding <00:07:30.629>the <00:07:30.941>patterns.

151
00:07:31.345 --> 00:07:33.485
<00:07:31.345>And <00:07:31.545>then <00:07:31.745>once <00:07:31.945>they <00:07:32.145>have <00:07:32.345>identified <00:07:32.545>the <00:07:32.745>patterns,

152
00:07:33.835 --> 00:07:35.965
<00:07:33.835>they <00:07:34.034>can <00:07:34.234>make <00:07:34.435>cheap <00:07:34.635>predictions <00:07:34.835>of <00:07:35.034>the <00:07:35.234>future.

153
00:07:36.585 --> 00:07:37.845
<00:07:36.585>And <00:07:36.962>these <00:07:37.341>cheap <00:07:37.719>predictions,

154
00:07:37.845 --> 00:07:39.765
<00:07:37.845>they <00:07:38.125>can <00:07:38.405>be <00:07:38.685>integrated <00:07:38.965>into <00:07:39.245>products

155
00:07:40.185 --> 00:07:42.325
<00:07:40.185>and <00:07:40.465>provide <00:07:40.745>value <00:07:41.025>to <00:07:41.305>the <00:07:41.585>customers.

156
00:07:43.785 --> 00:07:44.805
<00:07:43.784>Um, <00:07:44.244>let's <00:07:44.703>see

157
00:07:44.865 --> 00:07:47.765
<00:07:44.865>how <00:07:45.020>this <00:07:45.176>machine <00:07:45.331>learning <00:07:45.487>pool <00:07:45.642>can <00:07:45.798>actually <00:07:45.953>have <00:07:46.109>an <00:07:46.265>impact

158
00:07:47.765 --> 00:07:48.965
<00:07:47.765>on <00:07:48.125>the <00:07:48.485>automotive <00:07:48.845>industry.

159
00:07:50.235 --> 00:07:54.125
<00:07:50.235>What, <00:07:50.351>what <00:07:50.468>you <00:07:50.585>see <00:07:50.701>here <00:07:50.818>is, <00:07:50.935>um, <00:07:51.051>a <00:07:51.168>story <00:07:51.285>that <00:07:51.401>I <00:07:51.518>also <00:07:51.635>like

160
00:07:54.125 --> 00:07:58.205
<00:07:54.125>to <00:07:54.300>tell <00:07:54.475>about <00:07:54.650>how <00:07:54.825>SoftBank <00:07:55.000>values, <00:07:55.175>um, <00:07:55.350>the <00:07:55.525>potential

161
00:07:58.205 --> 00:08:00.365
<00:07:58.205>of <00:07:58.438>machine <00:07:58.671>learning <00:07:58.905>on <00:07:59.138>basically <00:07:59.371>any <00:07:59.604>industry.

162
00:08:00.785 --> 00:08:01.965
<00:08:00.785>And <00:08:01.139>let's <00:08:01.493>start <00:08:01.847>here,

163
00:08:01.965 --> 00:08:04.125
<00:08:01.965>and <00:08:02.120>then <00:08:02.276>I'm <00:08:02.431>going <00:08:02.587>to <00:08:02.742>make <00:08:02.898>the <00:08:03.053>jump <00:08:03.209>to, <00:08:03.364>um,

164
00:08:04.185 --> 00:08:05.365
<00:08:04.185>the <00:08:04.716>automotive <00:08:05.247>industry.

165
00:08:05.985 --> 00:08:08.965
<00:08:05.985>So <00:08:06.265>SoftBank, <00:08:06.545>SoftBank <00:08:06.825>basically <00:08:07.105>states, <00:08:07.385>um,

166
00:08:10.315 --> 00:08:13.405
<00:08:10.315>that <00:08:10.470>they <00:08:10.626>want <00:08:10.781>to <00:08:10.937>invest <00:08:11.092>in <00:08:11.248>a <00:08:11.403>future <00:08:11.559>information <00:08:11.715>revolution

167
00:08:13.405 --> 00:08:15.645
<00:08:13.405>technology <00:08:13.684>that <00:08:13.965>brings <00:08:14.244>happiness <00:08:14.525>to <00:08:14.804>everyone.

168
00:08:15.665 --> 00:08:18.165
<00:08:15.665>And <00:08:15.820>they <00:08:15.976>see <00:08:16.131>the <00:08:16.287>largest <00:08:16.442>potential <00:08:16.598>in <00:08:16.753>data <00:08:16.909>and <00:08:17.065>ai.

169
00:08:18.435 --> 00:08:21.005
<00:08:18.435>They <00:08:18.635>draw <00:08:18.835>a <00:08:19.035>comparison <00:08:19.235>to <00:08:19.435>the <00:08:19.635>internet <00:08:19.835>industry.

170
00:08:21.545 --> 00:08:25.125
<00:08:21.545>So <00:08:21.700>20 <00:08:21.856>years <00:08:22.011>ago, <00:08:22.167>there <00:08:22.322>was <00:08:22.478>the.com <00:08:22.633>bubble, <00:08:22.789>and <00:08:22.945>shortly

171
00:08:25.125 --> 00:08:28.405
<00:08:25.125>before <00:08:25.325>the <00:08:25.525>dotcom <00:08:25.725>bubble <00:08:25.925>burst, <00:08:26.125>the <00:08:26.325>market <00:08:26.525>capitalization

172
00:08:28.405 --> 00:08:32.205
<00:08:28.405>of <00:08:28.580>privately <00:08:28.755>held <00:08:28.929>internet <00:08:29.104>companies <00:08:29.280>was <00:08:29.455>around <00:08:29.630>22 <00:08:29.804>x

173
00:08:32.265 --> 00:08:33.445
<00:08:32.265>before <00:08:32.619>the <00:08:32.973>bubble <00:08:33.327>burst.

174
00:08:34.585 --> 00:08:37.165
<00:08:34.585>The <00:08:34.760>problem <00:08:34.935>was <00:08:35.110>back <00:08:35.285>then <00:08:35.460>that <00:08:35.635>nobody <00:08:35.810>knew <00:08:35.985>how

175
00:08:37.165 --> 00:08:40.205
<00:08:37.164>to <00:08:37.339>really <00:08:37.515>create <00:08:37.689>a <00:08:37.865>solid <00:08:38.039>business <00:08:38.214>based <00:08:38.390>off, <00:08:38.564>uh,

176
00:08:40.295 --> 00:08:41.925
<00:08:40.294>based <00:08:40.761>from <00:08:41.228>internet <00:08:41.694>companies.

177
00:08:43.075 --> 00:08:46.245
<00:08:43.075>What <00:08:43.230>some <00:08:43.386>investors <00:08:43.541>were <00:08:43.697>betting <00:08:43.852>on <00:08:44.008>in <00:08:44.163>what <00:08:44.319>turned <00:08:44.475>out

178
00:08:46.245 --> 00:08:48.445
<00:08:46.245>to <00:08:46.420>be <00:08:46.595>right <00:08:46.770>but <00:08:46.945>just <00:08:47.120>took <00:08:47.295>more <00:08:47.470>time, <00:08:47.645>was

179
00:08:48.445 --> 00:08:51.605
<00:08:48.445>that <00:08:48.645>the <00:08:48.845>underlying <00:08:49.045>driving <00:08:49.245>factor <00:08:49.445>was <00:08:49.645>the <00:08:49.845>exponential

180
00:08:51.605 --> 00:08:52.805
<00:08:51.605>growth <00:08:51.965>in <00:08:52.324>internet <00:08:52.685>traffic.

181
00:08:53.745 --> 00:08:56.445
<00:08:53.745>If <00:08:53.885>we <00:08:54.025>jump <00:08:54.165>20 <00:08:54.305>years <00:08:54.445>in <00:08:54.585>the <00:08:54.725>future, <00:08:54.865>now <00:08:55.005>the <00:08:55.145>companies

182
00:08:56.445 --> 00:08:59.525
<00:08:56.445>that <00:08:56.725>have <00:08:57.005>survived <00:08:57.285>the <00:08:57.565>market <00:08:57.845>capitalization

183
00:08:59.545 --> 00:09:03.325
<00:08:59.545>of <00:08:59.700>those <00:08:59.856>companies <00:09:00.011>has, <00:09:00.167>uh, <00:09:00.322>increased <00:09:00.478>by <00:09:00.633>a <00:09:00.789>huge <00:09:00.944>fault

184
00:09:03.425 --> 00:09:04.605
<00:09:03.425>by <00:09:03.779>a <00:09:04.133>thousand <00:09:04.487>x.

185
00:09:05.185 --> 00:09:07.685
<00:09:05.185>Um, <00:09:05.464>and <00:09:05.744>this <00:09:06.025>graph <00:09:06.305>also <00:09:06.584>coincides

186
00:09:07.685 --> 00:09:09.965
<00:09:07.685>with <00:09:07.885>the <00:09:08.084>ex <00:09:08.285>exponential <00:09:08.484>growth <00:09:08.685>of <00:09:08.885>internet <00:09:09.084>traffic.

187
00:09:10.625 --> 00:09:15.125
<00:09:10.625>And <00:09:10.800>SoftBank <00:09:10.975>draws <00:09:11.150>parallels <00:09:11.325>to <00:09:11.500>basically, <00:09:11.675>um, <00:09:11.850>AI <00:09:12.025>businesses

188
00:09:15.125 --> 00:09:17.045
<00:09:15.125>and <00:09:15.405>AI <00:09:15.685>machine <00:09:15.965>learning <00:09:16.245>driven <00:09:16.525>businesses

189
00:09:17.155 --> 00:09:18.245
<00:09:17.155>that <00:09:17.645>operate <00:09:18.136>today.

190
00:09:18.505 --> 00:09:21.445
<00:09:18.505>So <00:09:18.705>we <00:09:18.905>see <00:09:19.105>also <00:09:19.305>a <00:09:19.505>similar <00:09:19.705>valuation <00:09:19.905>multiple

191
00:09:21.445 --> 00:09:22.805
<00:09:21.445>of <00:09:21.751>17 <00:09:22.057>x <00:09:22.363>right <00:09:22.669>now.

192
00:09:23.585 --> 00:09:25.685
<00:09:23.585>Um, <00:09:23.818>and <00:09:24.051>there <00:09:24.285>might <00:09:24.518>be <00:09:24.751>a <00:09:24.985>downturn

193
00:09:25.705 --> 00:09:27.965
<00:09:25.705>or <00:09:25.860>a <00:09:26.016>down <00:09:26.171>valuation <00:09:26.327>of <00:09:26.482>AI <00:09:26.638>companies <00:09:26.793>in <00:09:26.949>the <00:09:27.105>future,

194
00:09:28.505 --> 00:09:30.605
<00:09:28.505>but <00:09:28.785>the <00:09:29.064>underlying <00:09:29.345>driver <00:09:29.625>of, <00:09:29.905>um,

195
00:09:30.755 --> 00:09:33.125
<00:09:30.755>machine <00:09:31.105>learning <00:09:31.455>potential <00:09:31.805>is <00:09:32.155>the

196
00:09:33.125 --> 00:09:34.485
<00:09:33.125>exponential <00:09:33.533>growth <00:09:33.941>of <00:09:34.349>data.

197
00:09:35.065 --> 00:09:37.965
<00:09:35.065>And <00:09:35.205>the <00:09:35.345>more <00:09:35.485>data <00:09:35.625>we <00:09:35.765>have, <00:09:35.905>the <00:09:36.045>more <00:09:36.185>potential <00:09:36.325>there <00:09:36.465>is

198
00:09:38.225 --> 00:09:41.525
<00:09:38.225>to <00:09:38.425>eventually <00:09:38.625>create <00:09:38.825>better <00:09:39.025>products <00:09:39.225>and <00:09:39.425>more <00:09:39.625>important

199
00:09:41.785 --> 00:09:43.685
<00:09:41.785>and, <00:09:42.135>uh, <00:09:42.485>more <00:09:42.834>impactful <00:09:43.185>products.

200
00:09:44.465 --> 00:09:48.565
<00:09:44.465>So <00:09:44.640>this <00:09:44.815>is <00:09:44.990>the <00:09:45.165>spiritual <00:09:45.340>circle <00:09:45.515>of <00:09:45.690>machine <00:09:45.865>learning,

201
00:09:48.565 --> 00:09:52.205
<00:09:48.565>which <00:09:48.692>I <00:09:48.819>will <00:09:48.946>keep <00:09:49.074>on <00:09:49.201>referring <00:09:49.328>back <00:09:49.455>to <00:09:49.583>over <00:09:49.710>and <00:09:49.837>over <00:09:49.965>again.

202
00:09:52.465 --> 00:09:53.565
<00:09:52.465>So <00:09:52.795>the <00:09:53.125>virtuous <00:09:53.455>cycle

203
00:09:53.585 --> 00:09:55.685
<00:09:53.585>of <00:09:53.865>machine <00:09:54.145>learning <00:09:54.425>basically <00:09:54.705>tells <00:09:54.985>you

204
00:09:55.685 --> 00:09:58.125
<00:09:55.685>that <00:09:55.840>once <00:09:55.996>you <00:09:56.151>have <00:09:56.307>users, <00:09:56.462>you <00:09:56.618>can <00:09:56.773>get <00:09:56.929>the <00:09:57.084>data

205
00:09:59.025 --> 00:10:01.845
<00:09:59.025>and <00:09:59.165>then <00:09:59.305>you <00:09:59.444>can <00:09:59.584>use <00:09:59.725>machine <00:09:59.865>learning <00:10:00.005>to <00:10:00.145>analyze <00:10:00.285>the <00:10:00.425>data

206
00:10:01.865 --> 00:10:04.645
<00:10:01.865>to <00:10:02.020>create <00:10:02.176>a <00:10:02.331>better <00:10:02.487>product, <00:10:02.642>which <00:10:02.798>will <00:10:02.953>internally <00:10:03.109>lead <00:10:03.265>you

207
00:10:04.645 --> 00:10:06.045
<00:10:04.645>to <00:10:04.959>more <00:10:05.275>users, <00:10:05.589>more <00:10:05.905>data,

208
00:10:06.225 --> 00:10:08.085
<00:10:06.225>and <00:10:06.575>then <00:10:06.925>ever <00:10:07.275>increasing <00:10:07.625>product

209
00:10:08.225 --> 00:10:09.805
<00:10:08.225>to <00:10:08.505>attract <00:10:08.785>more <00:10:09.065>and <00:10:09.345>more <00:10:09.625>users.

210
00:10:10.785 --> 00:10:12.645
<00:10:10.785>And <00:10:11.135>this <00:10:11.485>is <00:10:11.834>specifically <00:10:12.185>interesting

211
00:10:12.645 --> 00:10:13.965
<00:10:12.645>for <00:10:13.040>the <00:10:13.437>automotive <00:10:13.833>industry

212
00:10:14.115 --> 00:10:17.605
<00:10:14.115>because <00:10:14.348>cars <00:10:14.581>have <00:10:14.815>the <00:10:15.048>potential <00:10:15.281>to <00:10:15.515>produce

213
00:10:18.245 --> 00:10:19.285
<00:10:18.245>a <00:10:18.557>plethora <00:10:18.869>of <00:10:19.180>data.

214
00:10:19.465 --> 00:10:21.205
<00:10:19.465>Really, <00:10:19.931>cars <00:10:20.398>can <00:10:20.865>produce

215
00:10:21.735 --> 00:10:23.565
<00:10:21.735>large <00:10:21.968>amounts <00:10:22.201>of <00:10:22.435>data <00:10:22.668>in <00:10:22.901>the <00:10:23.135>future.

216
00:10:25.625 --> 00:10:28.805
<00:10:25.625>And <00:10:25.780>when <00:10:25.936>we <00:10:26.091>talk <00:10:26.247>about <00:10:26.402>machine <00:10:26.558>learning <00:10:26.713>in <00:10:26.869>the <00:10:27.025>automotive

217
00:10:29.045 --> 00:10:30.645
<00:10:29.045>industry, <00:10:29.511>people <00:10:29.978>always <00:10:30.444>like

218
00:10:30.645 --> 00:10:32.925
<00:10:30.645>to <00:10:30.878>think <00:10:31.111>about <00:10:31.345>automated <00:10:31.578>driving <00:10:31.811>first <00:10:32.045>and,

219
00:10:32.945 --> 00:10:34.125
<00:10:32.945>and <00:10:33.476>self-driving <00:10:34.007>cars,

220
00:10:34.265 --> 00:10:37.525
<00:10:34.265>but <00:10:34.439>we <00:10:34.615>believe <00:10:34.790>there's <00:10:34.965>potential <00:10:35.140>in <00:10:35.314>almost <00:10:35.490>every <00:10:35.665>product,

221
00:10:37.665 --> 00:10:38.725
<00:10:37.665>in <00:10:37.983>almost <00:10:38.301>every <00:10:38.619>product

222
00:10:38.905 --> 00:10:42.885
<00:10:38.905>and <00:10:39.060>every <00:10:39.216>process <00:10:39.371>to <00:10:39.527>be <00:10:39.682>impacted <00:10:39.838>by, <00:10:39.993>um, <00:10:40.149>machine <00:10:40.305>learning.

223
00:10:43.025 --> 00:10:45.725
<00:10:43.025>So <00:10:43.199>what <00:10:43.375>you <00:10:43.550>see <00:10:43.725>here <00:10:43.900>basically <00:10:44.074>is <00:10:44.250>the <00:10:44.425>structure,

224
00:10:45.785 --> 00:10:49.205
<00:10:45.785>how <00:10:45.985>the <00:10:46.185>car <00:10:46.385>software <00:10:46.584>organization <00:10:46.785>thinks <00:10:46.985>about <00:10:47.185>delivering,

225
00:10:49.345 --> 00:10:50.885
<00:10:49.345>uh, <00:10:49.691>products <00:10:50.038>to <00:10:50.384>the <00:10:50.731>customers.

226
00:10:51.545 --> 00:10:54.405
<00:10:51.545>And <00:10:51.685>we <00:10:51.824>are <00:10:51.964>going <00:10:52.104>to <00:10:52.245>look <00:10:52.385>in <00:10:52.525>two <00:10:52.665>of <00:10:52.805>these <00:10:52.944>products,

227
00:10:54.405 --> 00:10:56.005
<00:10:54.405>for <00:10:54.755>instance, <00:10:55.105>intelligent <00:10:55.454>cockpit <00:10:55.805>body

228
00:10:56.005 --> 00:11:00.005
<00:10:56.005>and <00:10:56.205>automated <00:10:56.405>driving, <00:10:56.605>uh, <00:10:56.805>in <00:10:57.005>a <00:10:57.205>theoretical <00:10:57.405>way.

229
00:11:00.505 --> 00:11:03.245
<00:11:00.505>Um, <00:11:00.705>but <00:11:00.905>the, <00:11:01.105>the <00:11:01.305>breadth <00:11:01.505>is <00:11:01.705>larger, <00:11:01.905>right?

230
00:11:03.245 --> 00:11:05.725
<00:11:03.245>So <00:11:03.420>there <00:11:03.595>are <00:11:03.770>many <00:11:03.945>other <00:11:04.120>applications <00:11:04.295>in <00:11:04.470>the <00:11:04.645>automotive

231
00:11:05.965 --> 00:11:07.885
<00:11:05.965>industry <00:11:06.198>that <00:11:06.431>can <00:11:06.665>impact <00:11:06.898>from <00:11:07.131>machine <00:11:07.365>learning.

232
00:11:08.025 --> 00:11:10.205
<00:11:08.025>The <00:11:08.491>entire <00:11:08.958>logistics <00:11:09.425>optimization

233
00:11:10.225 --> 00:11:12.445
<00:11:10.225>and <00:11:10.425>production <00:11:10.625>part <00:11:10.825>is <00:11:11.025>not <00:11:11.225>even <00:11:11.425>on <00:11:11.625>here.

234
00:11:13.585 --> 00:11:16.005
<00:11:13.585>So <00:11:13.865>let's <00:11:14.145>start <00:11:14.425>with <00:11:14.705>automated <00:11:14.985>driving.

235
00:11:16.435 --> 00:11:18.205
<00:11:16.435>When <00:11:16.714>we <00:11:16.994>talk <00:11:17.275>about <00:11:17.555>automated <00:11:17.834>driving,

236
00:11:18.275 --> 00:11:21.445
<00:11:18.275>everybody <00:11:18.555>immediately <00:11:18.834>thinks <00:11:19.115>about <00:11:19.395>robot <00:11:19.675>robotaxis,

237
00:11:21.445 --> 00:11:24.405
<00:11:21.445>or <00:11:21.645>most <00:11:21.845>people <00:11:22.045>probably <00:11:22.245>think <00:11:22.445>about <00:11:22.645>robo <00:11:22.845>taxis,

238
00:11:24.425 --> 00:11:27.125
<00:11:24.425>but <00:11:24.625>robo <00:11:24.824>taxis <00:11:25.025>are <00:11:25.224>not <00:11:25.425>the <00:11:25.625>only <00:11:25.824>application

239
00:11:27.125 --> 00:11:30.085
<00:11:27.125>of <00:11:27.475>automated <00:11:27.825>driving, <00:11:28.175>um, <00:11:28.525>situations.

240
00:11:30.105 --> 00:11:32.125
<00:11:30.105>We <00:11:30.455>also <00:11:30.805>have, <00:11:31.155>uh, <00:11:31.505>trucks

241
00:11:32.265 --> 00:11:35.365
<00:11:32.265>or <00:11:32.439>in <00:11:32.615>the <00:11:32.790>logistics <00:11:32.965>industry, <00:11:33.140>we <00:11:33.314>have <00:11:33.490>the <00:11:33.665>potential

242
00:11:35.365 --> 00:11:37.565
<00:11:35.365>for <00:11:35.715>autonomously <00:11:36.065>driving <00:11:36.415>trucks, <00:11:36.765>um,

243
00:11:37.745 --> 00:11:39.205
<00:11:37.745>to <00:11:38.007>have <00:11:38.270>a <00:11:38.533>huge <00:11:38.796>business <00:11:39.059>impact.

244
00:11:39.745 --> 00:11:43.565
<00:11:39.745>And <00:11:39.920>then <00:11:40.095>we <00:11:40.270>also <00:11:40.445>have, <00:11:40.620>um, <00:11:40.795>heavy <00:11:40.970>weights, <00:11:41.145>um,

245
00:11:44.395 --> 00:11:45.925
<00:11:44.395>machinery <00:11:45.083>like <00:11:45.771>tractors

246
00:11:46.265 --> 00:11:50.485
<00:11:46.265>or <00:11:46.439>auto <00:11:46.615>autonomously <00:11:46.790>driving <00:11:46.965>mining <00:11:47.140>trucks <00:11:47.314>that <00:11:47.490>can, <00:11:47.665>um,

247
00:11:51.515 --> 00:11:53.760
<00:11:51.515>operate <00:11:51.795>autonomously <00:11:52.074>and <00:11:52.355>thus <00:11:52.635>create <00:11:52.915>value.

248
00:11:54.355 --> 00:11:56.405
<00:11:54.355>What <00:11:54.555>you <00:11:54.755>see <00:11:54.955>here <00:11:55.155>is <00:11:55.355>the <00:11:55.555>typical <00:11:55.755>project

249
00:11:56.415 --> 00:11:57.725
<00:11:56.415>management <00:11:57.594>triangle.

250
00:11:58.185 --> 00:12:01.885
<00:11:58.185>And <00:11:58.312>what <00:11:58.439>it <00:11:58.566>tells <00:11:58.694>you <00:11:58.821>is <00:11:58.948>that <00:11:59.075>you <00:11:59.203>generally <00:11:59.330>want <00:11:59.457>to <00:11:59.584>produce,

251
00:12:02.425 --> 00:12:03.805
<00:12:02.425>uh, <00:12:02.632>a <00:12:02.839>good <00:12:03.045>at <00:12:03.252>a <00:12:03.459>low <00:12:03.666>cost

252
00:12:03.865 --> 00:12:05.725
<00:12:03.865>and <00:12:04.040>probably <00:12:04.215>also <00:12:04.390>sell <00:12:04.565>it <00:12:04.740>at <00:12:04.915>a <00:12:05.090>low <00:12:05.265>cost,

253
00:12:06.075 --> 00:12:07.365
<00:12:06.075>ideally <00:12:06.365>at <00:12:06.655>a <00:12:06.945>high <00:12:07.236>quality,

254
00:12:07.905 --> 00:12:09.405
<00:12:07.905>and <00:12:08.130>ideally <00:12:08.355>get <00:12:08.579>it <00:12:08.805>to <00:12:09.030>the <00:12:09.255>customer

255
00:12:09.425 --> 00:12:10.565
<00:12:09.425>in <00:12:09.630>a <00:12:09.835>short <00:12:10.040>amount <00:12:10.245>of <00:12:10.451>time.

256
00:12:11.195 --> 00:12:14.805
<00:12:11.195>Traditional <00:12:11.370>wisdom <00:12:11.545>tells <00:12:11.720>you <00:12:11.895>that <00:12:12.070>any <00:12:12.245>product <00:12:12.420>will <00:12:12.595>has

257
00:12:14.805 --> 00:12:18.605
<00:12:14.805>to <00:12:14.921>balance <00:12:15.038>kind <00:12:15.155>of <00:12:15.271>two <00:12:15.388>sides <00:12:15.505>out <00:12:15.621>of <00:12:15.738>the <00:12:15.854>three, <00:12:15.971>uh, <00:12:16.088>in <00:12:16.204>the,

258
00:12:18.605 --> 00:12:21.725
<00:12:18.605>in <00:12:18.885>the <00:12:19.165>product <00:12:19.445>development, <00:12:19.725>um, <00:12:20.005>map.

259
00:12:22.545 --> 00:12:25.565
<00:12:22.545>Um, <00:12:22.700>but <00:12:22.856>let's <00:12:23.011>see, <00:12:23.167>what's <00:12:23.322>the <00:12:23.478>case <00:12:23.633>for <00:12:23.789>autonomous <00:12:23.944>driving?

260
00:12:25.665 --> 00:12:27.285
<00:12:25.665>So <00:12:26.131>cars <00:12:26.598>today <00:12:27.064>are,

261
00:12:27.645 --> 00:12:29.645
<00:12:27.645>I <00:12:27.845>would <00:12:28.045>say <00:12:28.245>they <00:12:28.444>can <00:12:28.645>operate <00:12:28.845>at <00:12:29.045>a

262
00:12:29.765 --> 00:12:31.205
<00:12:29.765>reasonably <00:12:30.197>low <00:12:30.629>cost, <00:12:31.061>right?

263
00:12:31.265 --> 00:12:33.805
<00:12:31.265>We <00:12:31.545>have <00:12:31.824>seen <00:12:32.105>mass <00:12:32.385>individual <00:12:32.665>mobility.

264
00:12:34.585 --> 00:12:37.565
<00:12:34.585>Uh, <00:12:34.701>you <00:12:34.818>can <00:12:34.935>draw <00:12:35.051>from <00:12:35.168>A <00:12:35.285>to <00:12:35.401>B <00:12:35.518>at <00:12:35.635>a <00:12:35.751>reasonably <00:12:35.868>high <00:12:35.985>quality

265
00:12:38.185 --> 00:12:39.565
<00:12:38.185>and <00:12:38.391>you <00:12:38.598>can <00:12:38.806>also <00:12:39.013>get <00:12:39.220>from <00:12:39.427>A

266
00:12:39.565 --> 00:12:41.445
<00:12:39.565>to <00:12:39.740>B <00:12:39.915>in <00:12:40.090>a <00:12:40.265>reasonably <00:12:40.440>short <00:12:40.615>amount <00:12:40.790>of <00:12:40.965>time.

267
00:12:41.865 --> 00:12:43.045
<00:12:41.865>How <00:12:42.396>can, <00:12:42.926>um,

268
00:12:43.115 --> 00:12:45.765
<00:12:43.115>auto <00:12:43.348>automated <00:12:43.581>driving <00:12:43.815>technologies <00:12:44.048>impact <00:12:44.281>the <00:12:44.515>project

269
00:12:45.765 --> 00:12:46.765
<00:12:45.765>management <00:12:46.665>triangle?

270
00:12:47.515 --> 00:12:49.445
<00:12:47.515>Well, <00:12:47.865>everything <00:12:48.215>goes <00:12:48.564>out <00:12:48.915>right.

271
00:12:49.945 --> 00:12:52.205
<00:12:49.945>How <00:12:50.145>can <00:12:50.345>you <00:12:50.545>decrease <00:12:50.745>costs <00:12:50.945>with <00:12:51.145>automated <00:12:51.345>driving?

272
00:12:52.565 --> 00:12:55.925
<00:12:52.565>Research <00:12:52.720>suggests <00:12:52.876>that <00:12:53.031>while <00:12:53.187>a <00:12:53.342>fair <00:12:53.498>I <00:12:53.653>believe <00:12:53.809>in, <00:12:53.965>in,

273
00:12:55.945 --> 00:12:59.765
<00:12:55.945>in <00:12:56.072>New <00:12:56.199>York, <00:12:56.326>uh, <00:12:56.454>for <00:12:56.581>a <00:12:56.708>mile <00:12:56.835>of, <00:12:56.963>uh, <00:12:57.090>or <00:12:57.217>a <00:12:57.345>minute,

274
00:12:59.865 --> 00:13:03.165
<00:12:59.865>and <00:13:00.020>a <00:13:00.176>driving <00:13:00.331>in <00:13:00.487>a <00:13:00.642>cab <00:13:00.798>is <00:13:00.953>about <00:13:01.109>$1 <00:13:01.265>50,

275
00:13:03.555 --> 00:13:06.525
<00:13:03.555>automated <00:13:03.729>driving <00:13:03.905>can <00:13:04.079>reduce <00:13:04.255>that <00:13:04.430>to <00:13:04.604>about <00:13:04.780>50 <00:13:04.954>cents.

276
00:13:07.195 --> 00:13:08.485
<00:13:07.195>When <00:13:07.485>you <00:13:07.775>talk <00:13:08.065>about <00:13:08.356>quality.

277
00:13:09.185 --> 00:13:11.525
<00:13:09.185>Um, <00:13:09.340>if <00:13:09.496>you <00:13:09.651>can <00:13:09.807>just <00:13:09.962>press <00:13:10.118>a <00:13:10.273>thing, <00:13:10.429>a <00:13:10.584>button,

278
00:13:11.665 --> 00:13:15.045
<00:13:11.665>and <00:13:11.805>you <00:13:11.944>enter <00:13:12.084>the <00:13:12.224>highway <00:13:12.365>and <00:13:12.505>the <00:13:12.645>car <00:13:12.785>automatically <00:13:12.925>gets <00:13:13.064>you

279
00:13:15.045 --> 00:13:18.205
<00:13:15.045>from <00:13:15.200>A <00:13:15.356>to <00:13:15.511>B, <00:13:15.667>that <00:13:15.822>should <00:13:15.978>significantly <00:13:16.133>increase <00:13:16.289>the <00:13:16.444>quality

280
00:13:18.305 --> 00:13:21.205
<00:13:18.305>of <00:13:18.432>your <00:13:18.559>travel <00:13:18.686>because <00:13:18.814>now <00:13:18.941>you <00:13:19.068>can <00:13:19.195>use <00:13:19.323>the <00:13:19.450>time <00:13:19.577>for <00:13:19.704>leisure

281
00:13:21.345 --> 00:13:22.645
<00:13:21.345>and <00:13:21.540>anything <00:13:21.735>else <00:13:21.930>that <00:13:22.125>you <00:13:22.319>would <00:13:22.515>like

282
00:13:22.645 --> 00:13:24.005
<00:13:22.645>to <00:13:22.889>do <00:13:23.134>instead <00:13:23.379>of <00:13:23.624>actively <00:13:23.869>driving.

283
00:13:24.825 --> 00:13:28.005
<00:13:24.825>And <00:13:25.025>how <00:13:25.225>can <00:13:25.425>it <00:13:25.625>basically <00:13:25.825>decrease <00:13:26.025>the <00:13:26.225>time?

284
00:13:28.505 --> 00:13:31.725
<00:13:28.505>At <00:13:28.705>first <00:13:28.905>automated <00:13:29.105>drive <00:13:29.305>out <00:13:29.505>autonomously <00:13:29.705>driving <00:13:29.905>vehicles

285
00:13:31.835 --> 00:13:34.765
<00:13:31.835>will <00:13:32.010>be <00:13:32.185>more <00:13:32.360>cautious <00:13:32.535>to <00:13:32.710>actually <00:13:32.885>also <00:13:33.060>be <00:13:33.235>safe.

286
00:13:35.265 --> 00:13:37.085
<00:13:35.265>But, <00:13:35.545>um, <00:13:35.824>in <00:13:36.105>the <00:13:36.385>trucking <00:13:36.665>business,

287
00:13:37.185 --> 00:13:40.325
<00:13:37.185>you <00:13:37.359>can <00:13:37.535>think <00:13:37.709>about <00:13:37.885>autonomously <00:13:38.060>driving <00:13:38.234>cars <00:13:38.410>that <00:13:38.584>drive

288
00:13:40.325 --> 00:13:41.965
<00:13:40.325>for <00:13:40.791>longer <00:13:41.258>periods, <00:13:41.725>uh,

289
00:13:42.025 --> 00:13:44.685
<00:13:42.025>and <00:13:42.225>then <00:13:42.425>they <00:13:42.625>can <00:13:42.824>seamlessly <00:13:43.025>hand <00:13:43.225>over, <00:13:43.425>uh,

290
00:13:44.705 --> 00:13:46.005
<00:13:44.705>and <00:13:44.835>the <00:13:44.965>handover, <00:13:45.095>uh, <00:13:45.225>on <00:13:45.355>the <00:13:45.485>exit <00:13:45.615>of <00:13:45.745>a <00:13:45.875>highway

291
00:13:46.225 --> 00:13:48.925
<00:13:46.225>to <00:13:46.425>another <00:13:46.625>driver <00:13:46.825>to <00:13:47.025>save <00:13:47.225>the, <00:13:47.425>the <00:13:47.625>brakes

292
00:13:48.925 --> 00:13:50.365
<00:13:48.925>that <00:13:49.184>are <00:13:49.443>required <00:13:49.702>for <00:13:49.961>human <00:13:50.221>drivers.

293
00:13:50.905 --> 00:13:55.115
<00:13:50.905>So <00:13:51.045>machine <00:13:51.185>learning <00:13:51.324>can <00:13:51.464>have <00:13:51.605>a <00:13:51.745>potential <00:13:51.885>impact <00:13:52.025>on <00:13:52.165>how, <00:13:52.305>uh,

294
00:13:55.115 --> 00:13:56.555
<00:13:55.115>humans <00:13:55.374>get <00:13:55.633>from <00:13:55.892>A <00:13:56.151>to <00:13:56.411>B,

295
00:13:57.295 --> 00:14:00.115
<00:13:57.295>but <00:13:57.422>I <00:13:57.549>think <00:13:57.676>it <00:13:57.804>can <00:13:57.931>also <00:13:58.058>have <00:13:58.185>a <00:13:58.313>tremendous <00:13:58.440>impact <00:13:58.567>on <00:13:58.694>the

296
00:14:00.475 --> 00:14:01.475
<00:14:00.475>insights <00:14:00.700>of <00:14:00.925>a <00:14:01.150>car, <00:14:01.375>right?

297
00:14:02.055 --> 00:14:06.275
<00:14:02.055>So <00:14:02.182>today <00:14:02.309>in <00:14:02.436>many <00:14:02.564>cars, <00:14:02.691>you <00:14:02.818>can <00:14:02.945>basically <00:14:03.073>see <00:14:03.200>lots <00:14:03.327>of <00:14:03.454>knobs

298
00:14:06.295 --> 00:14:10.075
<00:14:06.295>and <00:14:06.402>twists <00:14:06.510>and <00:14:06.618>turns, <00:14:06.725>and <00:14:06.833>to <00:14:06.941>me, <00:14:07.048>uh, <00:14:07.156>I <00:14:07.264>feel <00:14:07.371>like <00:14:07.479>we <00:14:07.587>get <00:14:07.694>more

299
00:14:10.075 --> 00:14:11.715
<00:14:10.075>and <00:14:10.308>more <00:14:10.541>knobs <00:14:10.775>and <00:14:11.008>twists <00:14:11.241>and <00:14:11.475>turns,

300
00:14:12.055 --> 00:14:14.195
<00:14:12.055>but <00:14:12.405>they're <00:14:12.755>not <00:14:13.104>necessarily <00:14:13.454>self-explanatory.

301
00:14:14.945 --> 00:14:18.155
<00:14:14.945>Ideally, <00:14:15.085>a <00:14:15.225>world <00:14:15.365>that <00:14:15.505>we <00:14:15.645>could <00:14:15.785>move <00:14:15.925>into <00:14:16.065>is <00:14:16.205>a <00:14:16.345>world

302
00:14:18.155 --> 00:14:20.995
<00:14:18.155>where <00:14:18.329>we <00:14:18.505>can <00:14:18.680>simply <00:14:18.855>interact <00:14:19.030>with <00:14:19.204>the <00:14:19.380>car <00:14:19.555>either

303
00:14:20.995 --> 00:14:23.035
<00:14:20.995>through <00:14:21.275>voice <00:14:21.555>or <00:14:21.835>any <00:14:22.115>other <00:14:22.395>way.

304
00:14:23.575 --> 00:14:27.395
<00:14:23.575>And <00:14:23.715>eventually <00:14:23.855>that <00:14:23.995>the <00:14:24.135>car <00:14:24.275>also <00:14:24.415>knows <00:14:24.555>exactly <00:14:24.695>what <00:14:24.835>we <00:14:24.975>want,

305
00:14:27.425 --> 00:14:29.635
<00:14:27.425>that <00:14:27.625>it, <00:14:27.824>uh, <00:14:28.025>sets <00:14:28.224>the <00:14:28.425>right <00:14:28.625>lighting <00:14:28.824>conditions,

306
00:14:29.945 --> 00:14:33.475
<00:14:29.945>that <00:14:30.120>it <00:14:30.295>sets <00:14:30.470>the <00:14:30.645>appropriate, <00:14:30.820>um, <00:14:30.995>music, <00:14:31.170>uh, <00:14:31.345>channels

307
00:14:33.735 --> 00:14:36.915
<00:14:33.735>and <00:14:33.910>automatically <00:14:34.085>also <00:14:34.260>gets <00:14:34.435>you <00:14:34.610>to <00:14:34.785>the <00:14:34.960>desired <00:14:35.135>destination.

308
00:14:36.935 --> 00:14:40.355
<00:14:36.935>So <00:14:37.109>personalization <00:14:37.285>in <00:14:37.459>the <00:14:37.635>car <00:14:37.810>is <00:14:37.984>also <00:14:38.160>an <00:14:38.334>area

309
00:14:40.355 --> 00:14:42.555
<00:14:40.355>where <00:14:40.635>I <00:14:40.915>believe <00:14:41.195>machine <00:14:41.475>learning <00:14:41.755>can

310
00:14:42.555 --> 00:14:43.595
<00:14:42.555>have <00:14:42.867>a <00:14:43.179>tremendous <00:14:43.491>impact.

311
00:14:45.655 --> 00:14:48.275
<00:14:45.655>Now, <00:14:45.829>coming <00:14:46.005>back <00:14:46.180>to <00:14:46.355>our <00:14:46.530>story <00:14:46.704>from <00:14:46.880>the <00:14:47.055>beginning,

312
00:14:49.735 --> 00:14:51.925
<00:14:49.735>we <00:14:49.935>do <00:14:50.135>now <00:14:50.335>understand <00:14:50.535>that <00:14:50.735>there's <00:14:50.935>a <00:14:51.135>giant

313
00:14:52.065 --> 00:14:53.445
<00:14:52.065>and, <00:14:52.313>uh, <00:14:52.561>he <00:14:52.810>has <00:14:53.058>this <00:14:53.307>pill,

314
00:14:53.905 --> 00:14:56.365
<00:14:53.905>but <00:14:54.105>what <00:14:54.305>are <00:14:54.505>the <00:14:54.704>pains <00:14:54.905>that <00:14:55.105>can, <00:14:55.305>uh,

315
00:14:56.505 --> 00:14:59.205
<00:14:56.505>be <00:14:56.660>inflicted <00:14:56.816>upon <00:14:56.971>the <00:14:57.127>giant <00:14:57.282>when <00:14:57.438>he's <00:14:57.593>taking <00:14:57.749>the <00:14:57.905>pill?

316
00:14:59.925 --> 00:15:02.705
<00:14:59.925>So <00:15:00.125>next, <00:15:00.324>next, <00:15:00.525>let's <00:15:00.724>talk <00:15:00.925>about <00:15:01.125>the <00:15:01.324>challenges

317
00:15:02.705 --> 00:15:03.825
<00:15:02.705>of <00:15:03.041>the <00:15:03.377>automotive <00:15:03.713>industry.

318
00:15:04.045 --> 00:15:06.665
<00:15:04.045>And <00:15:04.200>we're <00:15:04.356>especially <00:15:04.511>going <00:15:04.667>to <00:15:04.822>focus <00:15:04.978>on <00:15:05.133>the <00:15:05.289>wholly <00:15:05.444>trinity

319
00:15:06.845 --> 00:15:08.745
<00:15:06.845>of <00:15:07.195>machine <00:15:07.545>learning, <00:15:07.895>which <00:15:08.245>is

320
00:15:09.135 --> 00:15:11.945
<00:15:09.135>that <00:15:09.415>machine <00:15:09.694>learning <00:15:09.975>needs <00:15:10.255>data, <00:15:10.535>algorithms

321
00:15:11.965 --> 00:15:14.105
<00:15:11.965>and <00:15:12.245>the <00:15:12.525>proper <00:15:12.805>infrastructure <00:15:13.085>or <00:15:13.365>hardware.

322
00:15:15.185 --> 00:15:16.775
<00:15:15.185>Let's <00:15:15.464>start <00:15:15.744>on <00:15:16.025>the <00:15:16.305>data <00:15:16.584>side.

323
00:15:16.915 --> 00:15:19.335
<00:15:16.915>So <00:15:17.115>I <00:15:17.314>mentioned <00:15:17.515>this <00:15:17.714>a <00:15:17.915>few <00:15:18.115>slides <00:15:18.314>before,

324
00:15:19.635 --> 00:15:22.095
<00:15:19.635>but, <00:15:19.985>um, <00:15:20.335>autonomously <00:15:20.685>driving <00:15:21.035>vehicles

325
00:15:22.095 --> 00:15:23.855
<00:15:22.095>or <00:15:22.445>basically <00:15:22.795>any <00:15:23.145>modern <00:15:23.495>cars,

326
00:15:24.285 --> 00:15:26.815
<00:15:24.285>they <00:15:24.485>can <00:15:24.685>potentially <00:15:24.885>produce <00:15:25.084>a <00:15:25.285>lot <00:15:25.485>of <00:15:25.685>data.

327
00:15:27.195 --> 00:15:30.095
<00:15:27.195>And <00:15:27.370>what <00:15:27.545>you <00:15:27.720>see <00:15:27.895>here <00:15:28.070>is <00:15:28.245>that <00:15:28.420>it's <00:15:28.595>estimated

328
00:15:30.095 --> 00:15:33.495
<00:15:30.095>that <00:15:30.270>modern <00:15:30.445>cars <00:15:30.620>can <00:15:30.795>produce <00:15:30.970>anywhere <00:15:31.145>of <00:15:31.320>between <00:15:31.495>four

329
00:15:33.495 --> 00:15:34.775
<00:15:33.495>to <00:15:33.783>10 <00:15:34.071>terabytes <00:15:34.359>of <00:15:34.646>data.

330
00:15:35.315 --> 00:15:36.855
<00:15:35.315>And <00:15:35.513>that's <00:15:35.711>a <00:15:35.909>little <00:15:36.107>bit <00:15:36.305>hard <00:15:36.503>to <00:15:36.701>imagine

331
00:15:36.955 --> 00:15:39.455
<00:15:36.955>how <00:15:37.095>much <00:15:37.235>it <00:15:37.375>really <00:15:37.515>is, <00:15:37.655>but <00:15:37.795>imagine <00:15:37.935>you <00:15:38.075>have <00:15:38.215>a <00:15:38.355>smartphone

332
00:15:39.955 --> 00:15:44.615
<00:15:39.955>and <00:15:40.110>you <00:15:40.266>have <00:15:40.421>around <00:15:40.577>256 <00:15:40.732>gigabytes <00:15:40.888>of, <00:15:41.043>uh, <00:15:41.199>of, <00:15:41.355>of,

333
00:15:44.755 --> 00:15:45.815
<00:15:44.755>of <00:15:45.232>memory <00:15:45.709>storage.

334
00:15:46.925 --> 00:15:51.095
<00:15:46.925>Then <00:15:47.064>you <00:15:47.204>could, <00:15:47.344>uh, <00:15:47.484>completely <00:15:47.625>fill <00:15:47.765>up <00:15:47.905>until <00:15:48.045>the <00:15:48.185>brink <00:15:48.324>40

335
00:15:51.195 --> 00:15:53.935
<00:15:51.195>of <00:15:51.475>those <00:15:51.755>smartphones <00:15:52.035>every <00:15:52.315>single <00:15:52.595>day.

336
00:15:54.395 --> 00:15:56.255
<00:15:54.395>And <00:15:54.675>now <00:15:54.954>imagine <00:15:55.235>that <00:15:55.515>you <00:15:55.795>want

337
00:15:56.255 --> 00:15:57.535
<00:15:56.255>to <00:15:56.485>search <00:15:56.715>through <00:15:56.946>that <00:15:57.176>data, <00:15:57.406>right?

338
00:15:57.625 --> 00:16:01.745
<00:15:57.625>Let's <00:15:57.765>say <00:15:57.905>you <00:15:58.045>want <00:15:58.185>to <00:15:58.325>get, <00:15:58.465>um, <00:15:58.605>all <00:15:58.745>of <00:15:58.885>the <00:15:59.025>selfies

339
00:16:01.745 --> 00:16:02.745
<00:16:01.745>that <00:16:01.970>you <00:16:02.195>took <00:16:02.420>days <00:16:02.645>ago.

340
00:16:03.085 --> 00:16:04.905
<00:16:03.085>So <00:16:03.260>you <00:16:03.435>need <00:16:03.610>to <00:16:03.785>go <00:16:03.960>through <00:16:04.135>all <00:16:04.310>the <00:16:04.485>images

341
00:16:05.215 --> 00:16:09.345
<00:16:05.215>that <00:16:05.342>you <00:16:05.469>took <00:16:05.596>on <00:16:05.724>all <00:16:05.851>the <00:16:05.978>40 <00:16:06.105>phones, <00:16:06.233>uh, <00:16:06.360>filter <00:16:06.487>by, <00:16:06.615>um,

342
00:16:09.575 --> 00:16:12.185
<00:16:09.575>selfies, <00:16:09.775>and <00:16:09.975>then <00:16:10.175>filter <00:16:10.375>also <00:16:10.575>by <00:16:10.775>the <00:16:10.975>date

343
00:16:12.365 --> 00:16:15.595
<00:16:12.365>and <00:16:12.565>a <00:16:12.765>recording <00:16:12.965>that <00:16:13.165>huge <00:16:13.365>amount <00:16:13.565>of <00:16:13.765>data.

344
00:16:15.895 --> 00:16:18.155
<00:16:15.895>And <00:16:16.069>then <00:16:16.245>b, <00:16:16.420>also <00:16:16.595>working <00:16:16.770>with <00:16:16.944>that <00:16:17.120>large <00:16:17.295>amount

345
00:16:18.155 --> 00:16:21.875
<00:16:18.155>of <00:16:18.329>data <00:16:18.505>provides <00:16:18.680>challenges <00:16:18.855>that <00:16:19.030>are <00:16:19.204>not <00:16:19.380>so <00:16:19.555>easy

346
00:16:21.875 --> 00:16:23.115
<00:16:21.875>to <00:16:22.247>exactly <00:16:22.619>work <00:16:22.991>with.

347
00:16:23.785 --> 00:16:26.595
<00:16:23.785>What <00:16:23.925>you <00:16:24.064>see <00:16:24.204>here <00:16:24.344>is <00:16:24.485>that <00:16:24.625>cameras <00:16:24.765>definitely <00:16:24.905>produce <00:16:25.045>a <00:16:25.185>lot

348
00:16:26.595 --> 00:16:30.595
<00:16:26.595>of, <00:16:26.722>um, <00:16:26.849>data <00:16:26.976>and, <00:16:27.104>uh, <00:16:27.231>lidar <00:16:27.358>also, <00:16:27.485>depending <00:16:27.613>on <00:16:27.740>if <00:16:27.867>it's <00:16:27.995>going

349
00:16:30.595 --> 00:16:34.475
<00:16:30.595>to <00:16:30.750>be <00:16:30.906>used <00:16:31.061>or <00:16:31.217>not, <00:16:31.372>LIDAR <00:16:31.528>is <00:16:31.683>basically, <00:16:31.839>uh, <00:16:31.995>um,

350
00:16:35.705 --> 00:16:39.265
<00:16:35.705>a <00:16:35.860>sensor <00:16:36.016>technology <00:16:36.171>that <00:16:36.327>shoots <00:16:36.482>out, <00:16:36.638>um, <00:16:36.793>little <00:16:36.949>light <00:16:37.105>beams

351
00:16:39.265 --> 00:16:42.105
<00:16:39.265>and <00:16:39.439>then <00:16:39.615>it <00:16:39.790>can <00:16:39.965>measure <00:16:40.140>the <00:16:40.314>distance <00:16:40.490>more <00:16:40.665>accurately

352
00:16:42.365 --> 00:16:44.185
<00:16:42.365>to <00:16:42.645>objects <00:16:42.925>that <00:16:43.205>are <00:16:43.485>far <00:16:43.765>away.

353
00:16:47.605 --> 00:16:50.825
<00:16:47.605>Um, <00:16:47.805>the <00:16:48.005>cost <00:16:48.205>of <00:16:48.405>sensors <00:16:48.605>is <00:16:48.805>also <00:16:49.005>something

354
00:16:50.825 --> 00:16:54.185
<00:16:50.825>that <00:16:50.952>should <00:16:51.079>not <00:16:51.206>be <00:16:51.334>neglected, <00:16:51.461>so <00:16:51.588>do <00:16:51.715>not, <00:16:51.843>you <00:16:51.970>do <00:16:52.097>not <00:16:52.225>need

355
00:16:54.185 --> 00:16:55.425
<00:16:54.185>to <00:16:54.371>pay <00:16:54.556>too <00:16:54.742>much <00:16:54.929>attention <00:16:55.115>to <00:16:55.300>the

356
00:16:55.425 --> 00:16:56.665
<00:16:55.425>exact <00:16:55.648>numbers <00:16:55.871>that <00:16:56.094>you <00:16:56.317>see <00:16:56.540>here.

357
00:16:56.665 --> 00:16:58.465
<00:16:56.665>They <00:16:56.898>have <00:16:57.131>developed <00:16:57.365>a <00:16:57.598>little <00:16:57.831>bit, <00:16:58.064>um,

358
00:16:58.725 --> 00:17:00.305
<00:16:58.725>in <00:16:59.075>a <00:16:59.425>different <00:16:59.775>direction <00:17:00.125>there.

359
00:17:00.405 --> 00:17:02.665
<00:17:00.405>Uh, <00:17:00.605>lots <00:17:00.805>of <00:17:01.005>sensors <00:17:01.204>have <00:17:01.405>gotten <00:17:01.605>more <00:17:01.805>cheaper

360
00:17:02.765 --> 00:17:04.105
<00:17:02.765>and <00:17:03.006>more <00:17:03.247>reliable <00:17:03.488>in <00:17:03.729>the <00:17:03.971>past,

361
00:17:04.605 --> 00:17:07.865
<00:17:04.605>but <00:17:04.805>the <00:17:05.005>main <00:17:05.204>challenge <00:17:05.405>remains <00:17:05.605>sensors <00:17:05.805>for, <00:17:06.005>um,

362
00:17:08.095 --> 00:17:11.825
<00:17:08.095>gathering <00:17:08.295>data <00:17:08.495>with <00:17:08.694>a <00:17:08.895>car <00:17:09.095>remain <00:17:09.295>incredibly <00:17:09.495>expensive.

363
00:17:12.245 --> 00:17:16.995
<00:17:12.244>Um, <00:17:12.400>and <00:17:12.556>you <00:17:12.711>always <00:17:12.867>have <00:17:13.022>to <00:17:13.178>think <00:17:13.333>about, <00:17:13.489>let's <00:17:13.645>say,

364
00:17:17.575 --> 00:17:19.395
<00:17:17.575>uh, <00:17:17.925>a <00:17:18.275>volume <00:17:18.625>producing <00:17:18.975>car.

365
00:17:19.465 --> 00:17:23.155
<00:17:19.464>Okay? <00:17:19.639>So, <00:17:19.814>uh, <00:17:19.990>a <00:17:20.165>volume <00:17:20.339>producing <00:17:20.514>car <00:17:20.689>manufacturer <00:17:20.865>can,

366
00:17:23.245 --> 00:17:26.235
<00:17:23.244>let's <00:17:23.444>say <00:17:23.645>produce <00:17:23.844>a <00:17:24.044>car <00:17:24.244>for <00:17:24.444>the <00:17:24.645>cost

367
00:17:26.255 --> 00:17:30.835
<00:17:26.255>of <00:17:26.410>29,500 <00:17:26.566>euros <00:17:26.721>and <00:17:26.877>then <00:17:27.032>sell <00:17:27.188>it <00:17:27.343>for <00:17:27.499>30,000 <00:17:27.655>euros.

368
00:17:31.215 --> 00:17:32.875
<00:17:31.215>So <00:17:31.495>the <00:17:31.774>margin <00:17:32.054>at <00:17:32.334>the <00:17:32.615>end

369
00:17:33.055 --> 00:17:36.395
<00:17:33.055>for <00:17:33.210>like <00:17:33.366>volume <00:17:33.521>produced <00:17:33.677>cars <00:17:33.832>can <00:17:33.988>be <00:17:34.143>anywhere <00:17:34.299>between <00:17:34.455>500

370
00:17:36.535 --> 00:17:37.675
<00:17:36.535>to <00:17:36.877>a <00:17:37.219>thousand <00:17:37.561>euros.

371
00:17:38.135 --> 00:17:40.755
<00:17:38.135>And <00:17:38.290>now <00:17:38.446>if <00:17:38.601>you <00:17:38.757>want <00:17:38.912>to <00:17:39.068>in <00:17:39.223>include <00:17:39.379>a <00:17:39.535>sensor

372
00:17:41.225 --> 00:17:42.955
<00:17:41.225>that <00:17:41.691>is <00:17:42.158>really <00:17:42.625>expensive,

373
00:17:43.145 --> 00:17:45.595
<00:17:43.145>that <00:17:43.425>automatically <00:17:43.705>eats <00:17:43.985>away <00:17:44.264>large <00:17:44.545>chunks

374
00:17:45.595 --> 00:17:46.595
<00:17:45.595>of <00:17:45.895>the <00:17:46.195>profit <00:17:46.495>margin.

375
00:17:46.975 --> 00:17:50.485
<00:17:46.975>So <00:17:47.130>figuring <00:17:47.286>out <00:17:47.441>how <00:17:47.597>to <00:17:47.752>decrease <00:17:47.908>the <00:17:48.063>cost <00:17:48.219>of <00:17:48.375>sensors

376
00:17:50.485 --> 00:17:51.885
<00:17:50.485>or <00:17:50.800>to <00:17:51.115>gather <00:17:51.430>data <00:17:51.745>also

377
00:17:51.885 --> 00:17:54.805
<00:17:51.885>with <00:17:52.118>other <00:17:52.351>methodologies <00:17:52.585>is <00:17:52.818>a <00:17:53.051>major <00:17:53.285>challenge.

378
00:17:57.675 --> 00:18:01.085
<00:17:57.675>Next, <00:17:57.791>what <00:17:57.908>you <00:17:58.024>see <00:17:58.141>here <00:17:58.258>in <00:17:58.375>the <00:17:58.491>background, <00:17:58.608>uh, <00:17:58.725>in <00:17:58.841>the <00:17:58.958>gif <00:17:59.075>is

379
00:18:01.185 --> 00:18:03.485
<00:18:01.185>how <00:18:01.651>the <00:18:02.118>car <00:18:02.585>architectures

380
00:18:03.485 --> 00:18:05.925
<00:18:03.485>and <00:18:03.659>how <00:18:03.834>the <00:18:04.010>technologies <00:18:04.185>in <00:18:04.360>the <00:18:04.534>car <00:18:04.709>have <00:18:04.885>evolved

381
00:18:06.555 --> 00:18:08.285
<00:18:06.555>over <00:18:06.905>the <00:18:07.255>past, <00:18:07.605>um, <00:18:07.955>decades.

382
00:18:08.685 --> 00:18:10.525
<00:18:08.685>I <00:18:08.918>believe <00:18:09.151>the <00:18:09.385>very <00:18:09.618>first <00:18:09.851>electronic <00:18:10.085>module

383
00:18:10.525 --> 00:18:13.965
<00:18:10.525>that <00:18:10.680>was <00:18:10.836>introduced <00:18:10.991>in <00:18:11.147>most <00:18:11.302>cars <00:18:11.458>was <00:18:11.613>the <00:18:11.769>radio <00:18:11.925>module.

384
00:18:14.705 --> 00:18:17.965
<00:18:14.705>And <00:18:14.860>up <00:18:15.016>until <00:18:15.171>now, <00:18:15.327>the <00:18:15.482>amount <00:18:15.638>of <00:18:15.793>different <00:18:15.949>modules <00:18:16.105>and,

385
00:18:18.065 --> 00:18:20.005
<00:18:18.065>and <00:18:18.531>embedded <00:18:18.998>devices, <00:18:19.465>um,

386
00:18:20.155 --> 00:18:22.125
<00:18:20.155>that <00:18:20.388>have <00:18:20.621>been <00:18:20.855>integrated <00:18:21.088>into <00:18:21.321>the <00:18:21.555>car

387
00:18:22.145 --> 00:18:24.805
<00:18:22.145>and <00:18:22.320>have <00:18:22.495>to <00:18:22.670>integrate <00:18:22.845>into <00:18:23.020>the <00:18:23.195>entire <00:18:23.370>car <00:18:23.545>architecture

388
00:18:25.345 --> 00:18:27.365
<00:18:25.345>has <00:18:25.811>just <00:18:26.278>risen <00:18:26.745>exponentially.

389
00:18:28.115 --> 00:18:30.765
<00:18:28.115>This <00:18:28.315>goes <00:18:28.515>also <00:18:28.715>along <00:18:28.915>with, <00:18:29.115>uh, <00:18:29.315>the <00:18:29.515>lines

390
00:18:31.705 --> 00:18:34.365
<00:18:31.705>of <00:18:31.879>code <00:18:32.054>are <00:18:32.230>currently <00:18:32.405>being <00:18:32.580>operated <00:18:32.754>in <00:18:32.929>modern <00:18:33.105>cars.

391
00:18:34.465 --> 00:18:37.165
<00:18:34.465>So <00:18:34.665>modern <00:18:34.865>cars <00:18:35.064>have <00:18:35.264>around <00:18:35.465>a <00:18:35.665>hundred, <00:18:35.865>uh,

392
00:18:37.285 --> 00:18:39.685
<00:18:37.285>a <00:18:37.460>hundred <00:18:37.635>million <00:18:37.810>lines <00:18:37.985>of <00:18:38.160>code <00:18:38.335>in <00:18:38.510>the <00:18:38.685>car,

393
00:18:39.815 --> 00:18:42.045
<00:18:39.815>which <00:18:40.095>basically <00:18:40.375>just <00:18:40.655>shows <00:18:40.935>you, <00:18:41.215>um,

394
00:18:42.275 --> 00:18:43.805
<00:18:42.275>that <00:18:42.504>there's <00:18:42.734>a <00:18:42.963>lot <00:18:43.193>of <00:18:43.422>code <00:18:43.652>there.

395
00:18:44.265 --> 00:18:47.645
<00:18:44.265>And <00:18:44.440>the <00:18:44.615>hard <00:18:44.790>thing <00:18:44.965>is <00:18:45.140>that <00:18:45.315>you <00:18:45.490>have <00:18:45.665>to

396
00:18:48.445 --> 00:18:50.045
<00:18:48.445>orchestrate <00:18:48.794>the <00:18:49.145>different <00:18:49.495>embedded <00:18:49.845>devices

397
00:18:50.145 --> 00:18:52.565
<00:18:50.145>and <00:18:50.300>that <00:18:50.456>you <00:18:50.611>have <00:18:50.767>to <00:18:50.922>align <00:18:51.078>the <00:18:51.233>different <00:18:51.389>embedded <00:18:51.545>devices

398
00:18:53.065 --> 00:18:54.405
<00:18:53.065>to <00:18:53.467>seamlessly <00:18:53.869>work <00:18:54.271>together.

399
00:18:54.465 --> 00:18:56.685
<00:18:54.465>And <00:18:54.639>if <00:18:54.814>all <00:18:54.990>of <00:18:55.165>this <00:18:55.340>even <00:18:55.514>would <00:18:55.689>be, <00:18:55.865>um,

400
00:18:57.145 --> 00:18:59.725
<00:18:57.145>dumped <00:18:57.378>into <00:18:57.611>a <00:18:57.845>beautiful, <00:18:58.078>uh, <00:18:58.311>Kubernetes <00:18:58.545>cluster

401
00:18:59.865 --> 00:19:03.285
<00:18:59.865>for <00:19:00.020>self <00:19:00.176>orchestration, <00:19:00.331>even <00:19:00.487>then <00:19:00.642>it <00:19:00.798>would <00:19:00.953>be <00:19:01.109>quite <00:19:01.265>complex.

402
00:19:06.875 --> 00:19:08.285
<00:19:06.875>Another <00:19:07.509>challenge <00:19:08.144>is

403
00:19:08.705 --> 00:19:11.085
<00:19:08.705>how <00:19:08.938>you <00:19:09.171>develop <00:19:09.405>machine <00:19:09.638>learning <00:19:09.871>based <00:19:10.105>applications

404
00:19:11.265 --> 00:19:13.125
<00:19:11.265>and <00:19:11.615>how <00:19:11.965>is <00:19:12.315>machine <00:19:12.665>learning?

405
00:19:13.745 --> 00:19:14.965
<00:19:13.745>So <00:19:14.019>my <00:19:14.293>big <00:19:14.568>point <00:19:14.842>is

406
00:19:14.965 --> 00:19:17.285
<00:19:14.965>that <00:19:15.139>machine <00:19:15.314>learning <00:19:15.490>is <00:19:15.665>not <00:19:15.840>just <00:19:16.014>another <00:19:16.189>tool, <00:19:16.365>right?

407
00:19:17.285 --> 00:19:19.365
<00:19:17.285>This <00:19:17.485>is <00:19:17.685>something <00:19:17.885>that <00:19:18.085>you <00:19:18.285>sometimes <00:19:18.485>hear, <00:19:18.685>oh,

408
00:19:19.365 --> 00:19:21.125
<00:19:19.365>machine <00:19:19.645>learning <00:19:19.925>is <00:19:20.205>just <00:19:20.485>another <00:19:20.765>methodology.

409
00:19:21.275 --> 00:19:22.445
<00:19:21.275>It's <00:19:21.626>just <00:19:21.977>another <00:19:22.328>tool.

410
00:19:22.965 --> 00:19:24.245
<00:19:22.965>I <00:19:23.195>believe <00:19:23.425>that's <00:19:23.656>not <00:19:23.886>the <00:19:24.117>case

411
00:19:24.245 --> 00:19:27.805
<00:19:24.245>because <00:19:24.419>for <00:19:24.594>machine <00:19:24.770>learning, <00:19:24.945>uh, <00:19:25.120>it's <00:19:25.294>a <00:19:25.469>paradigm <00:19:25.645>shift.

412
00:19:28.065 --> 00:19:31.245
<00:19:28.065>So <00:19:28.240>in <00:19:28.415>order <00:19:28.590>to <00:19:28.765>train <00:19:28.940>those <00:19:29.115>machine <00:19:29.290>learning <00:19:29.465>algorithms,

413
00:19:31.265 --> 00:19:33.725
<00:19:31.265>you <00:19:31.440>have <00:19:31.615>to <00:19:31.790>have <00:19:31.965>large <00:19:32.140>amounts <00:19:32.315>of <00:19:32.490>data <00:19:32.665>available.

414
00:19:34.305 --> 00:19:38.885
<00:19:34.305>And <00:19:34.480>instead <00:19:34.655>of, <00:19:34.830>uh, <00:19:35.005>a <00:19:35.180>software <00:19:35.355>developer <00:19:35.530>to <00:19:35.705>proactively,

415
00:19:39.225 --> 00:19:42.885
<00:19:39.225>um, <00:19:39.399>create <00:19:39.574>the <00:19:39.750>machine, <00:19:39.925>uh, <00:19:40.100>the, <00:19:40.274>the <00:19:40.449>software, <00:19:40.625>um,

416
00:19:43.265 --> 00:19:45.805
<00:19:43.265>you <00:19:43.420>basically <00:19:43.576>feed <00:19:43.731>a <00:19:43.887>lot <00:19:44.042>of <00:19:44.198>data <00:19:44.353>into <00:19:44.509>the <00:19:44.665>algorithm,

417
00:19:45.865 --> 00:19:50.125
<00:19:45.865>and <00:19:46.020>the <00:19:46.176>algorithm <00:19:46.331>finds <00:19:46.487>out <00:19:46.642>that, <00:19:46.798>uh, <00:19:46.953>the <00:19:47.109>software <00:19:47.265>basically

418
00:19:50.225 --> 00:19:54.565
<00:19:50.225>for <00:19:50.425>itself, <00:19:50.625>and <00:19:50.824>that <00:19:51.024>needs <00:19:51.225>a <00:19:51.425>different <00:19:51.625>approach.

419
00:19:55.185 --> 00:19:59.285
<00:19:55.185>And <00:19:55.325>in <00:19:55.465>itself, <00:19:55.605>in <00:19:55.745>its <00:19:55.885>heart <00:19:56.024>machine <00:19:56.165>learning <00:19:56.304>is <00:19:56.445>very <00:19:56.585>agile

420
00:19:59.345 --> 00:20:00.485
<00:19:59.345>and <00:19:59.687>very <00:20:00.029>data <00:20:00.370>driven.

421
00:20:00.625 --> 00:20:03.005
<00:20:00.625>So <00:20:00.780>ideally <00:20:00.936>what <00:20:01.091>you <00:20:01.247>see <00:20:01.402>on <00:20:01.558>the <00:20:01.713>right <00:20:01.869>side <00:20:02.025>is

422
00:20:03.005 --> 00:20:04.125
<00:20:03.005>the <00:20:03.341>machine <00:20:03.677>learning <00:20:04.013>workflow.

423
00:20:04.335 --> 00:20:06.205
<00:20:04.335>First <00:20:04.568>you <00:20:04.801>have <00:20:05.035>to <00:20:05.268>understand <00:20:05.501>the <00:20:05.735>business,

424
00:20:06.635 --> 00:20:07.965
<00:20:06.635>then <00:20:06.834>you <00:20:07.033>have <00:20:07.233>to <00:20:07.433>understand <00:20:07.632>the <00:20:07.831>data.

425
00:20:08.115 --> 00:20:10.365
<00:20:08.115>Next, <00:20:08.270>you <00:20:08.426>have <00:20:08.581>to <00:20:08.737>prepare <00:20:08.892>the <00:20:09.048>data, <00:20:09.203>create <00:20:09.359>the <00:20:09.515>model,

426
00:20:11.165 --> 00:20:13.365
<00:20:11.165>evaluate <00:20:11.340>the <00:20:11.514>model, <00:20:11.690>and <00:20:11.865>at <00:20:12.040>the <00:20:12.215>end <00:20:12.389>deploy <00:20:12.565>it.

427
00:20:13.665 --> 00:20:15.485
<00:20:13.665>And <00:20:13.865>even <00:20:14.065>after <00:20:14.264>you <00:20:14.465>have <00:20:14.665>deployed <00:20:14.865>the <00:20:15.065>bottle.

428
00:20:15.545 --> 00:20:18.565
<00:20:15.545>So <00:20:15.700>once <00:20:15.856>it's <00:20:16.011>actually <00:20:16.167>operating <00:20:16.322>in <00:20:16.478>the <00:20:16.633>car, <00:20:16.789>you <00:20:16.945>have

429
00:20:18.565 --> 00:20:21.085
<00:20:18.565>to <00:20:18.798>continuously <00:20:19.031>monitor <00:20:19.265>of <00:20:19.498>how <00:20:19.731>it's <00:20:19.965>working.

430
00:20:21.185 --> 00:20:22.565
<00:20:21.185>You <00:20:21.495>have <00:20:21.806>to <00:20:22.116>observe <00:20:22.427>on

431
00:20:22.585 --> 00:20:25.685
<00:20:22.585>how <00:20:22.740>its <00:20:22.896>behavior <00:20:23.051>is <00:20:23.207>changing <00:20:23.362>in <00:20:23.518>the, <00:20:23.673>in <00:20:23.829>the <00:20:23.985>future.

432
00:20:26.105 --> 00:20:29.995
<00:20:26.105>And, <00:20:26.260>um, <00:20:26.416>so <00:20:26.571>you <00:20:26.727>have <00:20:26.882>to <00:20:27.038>close <00:20:27.193>this <00:20:27.349>basically <00:20:27.505>loop.

433
00:20:30.855 --> 00:20:32.555
<00:20:30.855>The <00:20:31.205>way <00:20:31.555>that <00:20:31.905>traditionally, <00:20:32.255>um,

434
00:20:32.915 --> 00:20:35.795
<00:20:32.915>software <00:20:33.090>is <00:20:33.264>developed <00:20:33.440>in <00:20:33.615>the <00:20:33.790>automotive <00:20:33.965>industry <00:20:34.139>is <00:20:34.315>along,

435
00:20:35.895 --> 00:20:38.315
<00:20:35.895>uh, <00:20:36.175>a <00:20:36.455>more <00:20:36.735>waterfall <00:20:37.014>approach, <00:20:37.295>right?

436
00:20:38.655 --> 00:20:40.675
<00:20:38.655>So <00:20:38.888>on <00:20:39.121>the <00:20:39.355>top <00:20:39.588>left, <00:20:39.821>you <00:20:40.055>have

437
00:20:40.675 --> 00:20:42.755
<00:20:40.675>to <00:20:40.875>clearly <00:20:41.075>define <00:20:41.274>the <00:20:41.475>requirements, <00:20:41.675>then <00:20:41.875>you <00:20:42.075>have

438
00:20:42.755 --> 00:20:45.155
<00:20:42.755>to <00:20:42.930>create <00:20:43.105>an <00:20:43.280>architecture, <00:20:43.455>then <00:20:43.630>you <00:20:43.805>write <00:20:43.980>the <00:20:44.155>code,

439
00:20:45.305 --> 00:20:47.805
<00:20:45.305>then <00:20:45.432>you <00:20:45.559>test <00:20:45.686>it, <00:20:45.814>and <00:20:45.941>then <00:20:46.068>you <00:20:46.195>deploy <00:20:46.323>it <00:20:46.450>in <00:20:46.577>the <00:20:46.705>car,

440
00:20:47.905 --> 00:20:49.685
<00:20:47.905>and <00:20:48.045>then <00:20:48.185>you <00:20:48.325>leave <00:20:48.465>it <00:20:48.605>and <00:20:48.745>then <00:20:48.885>you <00:20:49.024>let <00:20:49.165>it <00:20:49.305>be.

441
00:20:50.145 --> 00:20:52.165
<00:20:50.145>And <00:20:50.345>that's <00:20:50.545>not <00:20:50.745>really <00:20:50.945>how <00:20:51.145>machine <00:20:51.345>learning <00:20:51.545>works.

442
00:20:52.305 --> 00:20:55.005
<00:20:52.305>So <00:20:52.585>adapting <00:20:52.865>the <00:20:53.145>processes <00:20:53.425>right <00:20:53.705>now

443
00:20:55.025 --> 00:20:58.005
<00:20:55.025>to <00:20:55.225>deploy <00:20:55.425>machine <00:20:55.625>learning <00:20:55.825>based <00:20:56.025>algorithms <00:20:56.225>into <00:20:56.425>safety

444
00:20:58.405 --> 00:21:00.805
<00:20:58.405>critical <00:20:58.754>situations <00:20:59.105>is <00:20:59.455>definitely <00:20:59.805>something

445
00:21:00.915 --> 00:21:02.325
<00:21:00.915>that <00:21:01.338>is <00:21:01.761>a <00:21:02.184>challenge.

446
00:21:04.105 --> 00:21:06.215
<00:21:04.105>While <00:21:04.338>we <00:21:04.571>talked <00:21:04.805>about <00:21:05.038>the <00:21:05.271>architecture <00:21:05.505>before

447
00:21:06.235 --> 00:21:08.935
<00:21:06.235>and <00:21:06.514>the <00:21:06.794>processes, <00:21:07.074>um, <00:21:07.354>the <00:21:07.635>architecture

448
00:21:08.935 --> 00:21:10.895
<00:21:08.935>and <00:21:09.168>the <00:21:09.401>processes <00:21:09.635>have <00:21:09.868>also, <00:21:10.101>they <00:21:10.335>have

449
00:21:10.895 --> 00:21:12.375
<00:21:10.895>to <00:21:11.339>support <00:21:11.783>the <00:21:12.227>general

450
00:21:12.685 --> 00:21:14.295
<00:21:12.685>machine <00:21:12.965>learning <00:21:13.245>workflow <00:21:13.524>in <00:21:13.804>the <00:21:14.085>wild.

451
00:21:14.395 --> 00:21:16.775
<00:21:14.395>So <00:21:14.570>what <00:21:14.745>you <00:21:14.920>want <00:21:15.095>to <00:21:15.270>do <00:21:15.445>is <00:21:15.620>you <00:21:15.795>want

452
00:21:16.775 --> 00:21:18.575
<00:21:16.775>to <00:21:16.975>have <00:21:17.175>a <00:21:17.375>model <00:21:17.575>basically <00:21:17.775>in <00:21:17.975>the <00:21:18.175>car.

453
00:21:18.645 --> 00:21:21.495
<00:21:18.645>Then <00:21:18.772>you <00:21:18.899>want <00:21:19.026>to <00:21:19.154>gather <00:21:19.281>data, <00:21:19.408>you <00:21:19.535>want <00:21:19.663>to <00:21:19.790>store <00:21:19.917>the <00:21:20.045>data,

454
00:21:21.885 --> 00:21:23.855
<00:21:21.885>then <00:21:22.118>you <00:21:22.351>want <00:21:22.585>to <00:21:22.818>retrain <00:21:23.051>the <00:21:23.285>model

455
00:21:24.235 --> 00:21:26.655
<00:21:24.235>and <00:21:24.468>also <00:21:24.701>update <00:21:24.935>the <00:21:25.168>model <00:21:25.401>eventually, <00:21:25.635>right?

456
00:21:27.235 --> 00:21:29.615
<00:21:27.235>And <00:21:27.514>the <00:21:27.794>car <00:21:28.074>architecture <00:21:28.354>of, <00:21:28.635>um,

457
00:21:29.955 --> 00:21:32.575
<00:21:29.955>or <00:21:30.155>the <00:21:30.355>architecture <00:21:30.554>of <00:21:30.754>cars <00:21:30.955>from <00:21:31.155>the <00:21:31.355>hardware

458
00:21:32.575 --> 00:21:35.575
<00:21:32.575>and <00:21:32.808>software <00:21:33.041>requirements <00:21:33.275>has <00:21:33.508>to <00:21:33.741>reflect, <00:21:33.975>um,

459
00:21:35.595 --> 00:21:37.215
<00:21:35.595>the <00:21:35.875>requirements <00:21:36.155>that <00:21:36.435>we <00:21:36.715>see <00:21:36.995>here.

460
00:21:41.495 --> 00:21:44.075
<00:21:41.495>So, <00:21:41.650>and <00:21:41.806>this <00:21:41.961>should <00:21:42.117>be, <00:21:42.272>I <00:21:42.428>believe <00:21:42.583>the <00:21:42.739>last <00:21:42.895>challenge

461
00:21:44.075 --> 00:21:45.115
<00:21:44.075>that <00:21:44.309>we <00:21:44.543>will <00:21:44.777>talk <00:21:45.011>about,

462
00:21:45.295 --> 00:21:49.235
<00:21:45.295>but <00:21:45.450>I <00:21:45.606>think <00:21:45.761>it's <00:21:45.917>the <00:21:46.072>very, <00:21:46.228>um, <00:21:46.383>very <00:21:46.539>interesting <00:21:46.695>challenge.

463
00:21:49.535 --> 00:21:52.355
<00:21:49.535>Um, <00:21:49.768>making <00:21:50.001>machine <00:21:50.235>learning <00:21:50.468>more <00:21:50.701>inter, <00:21:50.935>uh,

464
00:21:52.385 --> 00:21:53.395
<00:21:52.385>more <00:21:53.293>interpretable

465
00:21:53.455 --> 00:21:58.225
<00:21:53.455>and <00:21:53.610>more <00:21:53.766>robust <00:21:53.921>remains <00:21:54.077>a <00:21:54.232>challenge, <00:21:54.388>um, <00:21:54.543>uh, <00:21:54.699>in <00:21:54.855>order

466
00:21:58.285 --> 00:21:59.345
<00:21:58.285>to <00:21:58.603>safely <00:21:58.921>implement <00:21:59.239>it.

467
00:21:59.345 --> 00:22:02.785
<00:21:59.345>So <00:21:59.452>what <00:21:59.560>you <00:21:59.668>see <00:21:59.775>here <00:21:59.883>on <00:21:59.991>the <00:22:00.098>left <00:22:00.206>side <00:22:00.314>is <00:22:00.421>an <00:22:00.529>example <00:22:00.637>of, <00:22:00.745>uh,

468
00:22:03.185 --> 00:22:05.985
<00:22:03.185>research <00:22:03.360>that <00:22:03.534>I <00:22:03.710>was <00:22:03.885>published <00:22:04.060>in <00:22:04.235>I <00:22:04.409>believe <00:22:04.585>2016.

469
00:22:06.565 --> 00:22:07.985
<00:22:06.565>And <00:22:06.991>researchers <00:22:07.417>have <00:22:07.842>claimed

470
00:22:08.215 --> 00:22:09.705
<00:22:08.215>that <00:22:08.438>they <00:22:08.661>have <00:22:08.885>trained <00:22:09.109>a <00:22:09.332>neural <00:22:09.556>network,

471
00:22:09.905 --> 00:22:12.265
<00:22:09.905>a <00:22:10.185>machine <00:22:10.465>learning <00:22:10.745>algorithm <00:22:11.024>that <00:22:11.305>can

472
00:22:13.595 --> 00:22:16.355
<00:22:13.595>identify <00:22:13.795>if <00:22:13.995>you're <00:22:14.195>a <00:22:14.395>criminal <00:22:14.595>based <00:22:14.795>on <00:22:14.995>your

473
00:22:16.795 --> 00:22:18.035
<00:22:16.795>passport <00:22:17.353>image, <00:22:17.911>okay?

474
00:22:18.855 --> 00:22:21.355
<00:22:18.855>So <00:22:18.982>what <00:22:19.109>they <00:22:19.236>did <00:22:19.364>is <00:22:19.491>they <00:22:19.618>created <00:22:19.745>data <00:22:19.873>set <00:22:20.000>of, <00:22:20.127>I <00:22:20.255>believe,

475
00:22:21.395 --> 00:22:22.955
<00:22:21.395>a <00:22:21.861>thousand, <00:22:22.328>uh, <00:22:22.795>images.

476
00:22:23.735 --> 00:22:26.035
<00:22:23.735>And <00:22:23.909>about <00:22:24.084>half <00:22:24.260>of <00:22:24.435>those <00:22:24.610>images <00:22:24.784>were <00:22:24.959>from <00:22:25.135>people

477
00:22:26.095 --> 00:22:28.035
<00:22:26.095>who <00:22:26.328>were <00:22:26.561>later <00:22:26.795>convicted <00:22:27.028>to <00:22:27.261>be <00:22:27.495>criminals.

478
00:22:28.335 --> 00:22:30.955
<00:22:28.335>And <00:22:28.510>half <00:22:28.685>of <00:22:28.860>those <00:22:29.035>pictures <00:22:29.210>were <00:22:29.385>from <00:22:29.560>people, <00:22:29.735>um,

479
00:22:31.145 --> 00:22:33.475
<00:22:31.145>that <00:22:31.378>basically <00:22:31.611>were <00:22:31.845>never <00:22:32.078>sentenced <00:22:32.311>to <00:22:32.545>jail.

480
00:22:34.575 --> 00:22:36.715
<00:22:34.575>And, <00:22:34.808>uh, <00:22:35.041>the <00:22:35.275>neural <00:22:35.508>network <00:22:35.741>could, <00:22:35.975>um,

481
00:22:37.225 --> 00:22:38.635
<00:22:37.225>predict <00:22:37.542>if <00:22:37.859>you're <00:22:38.176>a <00:22:38.494>criminal

482
00:22:38.635 --> 00:22:41.235
<00:22:38.635>or <00:22:38.915>not, <00:22:39.195>with <00:22:39.475>almost <00:22:39.754>90% <00:22:40.035>accuracy.

483
00:22:41.975 --> 00:22:44.555
<00:22:41.975>And, <00:22:42.175>uh, <00:22:42.375>this <00:22:42.574>obviously <00:22:42.774>raises <00:22:42.975>lots <00:22:43.175>of, <00:22:43.375>lots

484
00:22:44.555 --> 00:22:45.635
<00:22:44.555>of <00:22:45.041>ethical <00:22:45.527>concerns,

485
00:22:45.735 --> 00:22:48.315
<00:22:45.735>but <00:22:45.875>I <00:22:46.014>do <00:22:46.155>not <00:22:46.294>want <00:22:46.435>to <00:22:46.574>go <00:22:46.715>into <00:22:46.854>the <00:22:46.995>ethical <00:22:47.135>concerns.

486
00:22:48.395 --> 00:22:50.315
<00:22:48.395>I <00:22:48.570>want <00:22:48.745>to <00:22:48.920>go <00:22:49.095>into <00:22:49.270>the <00:22:49.445>concerns <00:22:49.620>about <00:22:49.795>the,

487
00:22:50.815 --> 00:22:51.995
<00:22:50.815>um, <00:22:51.169>product <00:22:51.523>set <00:22:51.877>up.

488
00:22:51.995 --> 00:22:54.955
<00:22:51.995>Because <00:22:52.150>the <00:22:52.306>way <00:22:52.461>the <00:22:52.617>experiment <00:22:52.772>was <00:22:52.928>set <00:22:53.083>up, <00:22:53.239>this <00:22:53.395>was

489
00:22:54.955 --> 00:22:58.315
<00:22:54.955>that <00:22:55.129>it <00:22:55.304>took <00:22:55.480>official <00:22:55.655>government <00:22:55.830>IDs <00:22:56.004>from <00:22:56.179>the <00:22:56.355>people

490
00:22:58.375 --> 00:23:00.035
<00:22:58.375>who <00:22:58.841>were <00:22:59.308>convicted <00:22:59.775>criminals,

491
00:23:00.735 --> 00:23:03.635
<00:23:00.735>and <00:23:00.935>then <00:23:01.135>it <00:23:01.334>took <00:23:01.534>photos <00:23:01.735>from, <00:23:01.935>uh, <00:23:02.135>people

492
00:23:03.665 --> 00:23:07.275
<00:23:03.665>that <00:23:03.865>presented <00:23:04.065>themselves <00:23:04.264>on <00:23:04.465>the <00:23:04.665>websites, <00:23:04.865>for <00:23:05.065>instance,

493
00:23:07.295 --> 00:23:08.355
<00:23:07.295>on <00:23:07.613>their <00:23:07.931>business <00:23:08.249>page

494
00:23:08.375 --> 00:23:11.035
<00:23:08.375>or <00:23:08.530>something <00:23:08.686>that <00:23:08.841>would <00:23:08.997>be <00:23:09.152>similar <00:23:09.308>to <00:23:09.463>let's <00:23:09.619>say <00:23:09.775>LinkedIn.

495
00:23:11.495 --> 00:23:15.235
<00:23:11.495>Now, <00:23:11.602>I <00:23:11.710>want <00:23:11.818>to <00:23:11.925>ask <00:23:12.033>you <00:23:12.141>in <00:23:12.248>the <00:23:12.356>audience <00:23:12.464>who <00:23:12.571>of <00:23:12.679>you <00:23:12.787>put <00:23:12.895>your,

496
00:23:15.485 --> 00:23:18.755
<00:23:15.485>would <00:23:15.685>put <00:23:15.885>your <00:23:16.084>driver's <00:23:16.284>license, <00:23:16.485>photo <00:23:16.685>id, <00:23:16.885>uh,

497
00:23:18.895 --> 00:23:20.195
<00:23:18.895>on <00:23:19.284>your <00:23:19.675>LinkedIn <00:23:20.065>profile

498
00:23:20.215 --> 00:23:22.835
<00:23:20.215>or <00:23:20.389>basically <00:23:20.564>anywhere <00:23:20.740>where <00:23:20.915>you <00:23:21.090>would <00:23:21.264>like <00:23:21.439>people <00:23:21.615>to,

499
00:23:22.975 --> 00:23:24.075
<00:23:22.975>uh, <00:23:23.470>like <00:23:23.965>you?

500
00:23:24.555 --> 00:23:27.355
<00:23:24.555>I <00:23:24.695>would <00:23:24.835>definitely, <00:23:24.975>I <00:23:25.115>definitely <00:23:25.255>look <00:23:25.395>like <00:23:25.535>a <00:23:25.675>criminal <00:23:25.815>on <00:23:25.955>my

501
00:23:27.355 --> 00:23:29.795
<00:23:27.355>driver's <00:23:27.555>license <00:23:27.755>picture, <00:23:27.955>and <00:23:28.155>I <00:23:28.355>wouldn't <00:23:28.555>do <00:23:28.755>that.

502
00:23:30.215 --> 00:23:31.755
<00:23:30.215>But <00:23:30.561>the <00:23:30.908>main <00:23:31.254>main <00:23:31.601>point

503
00:23:31.755 --> 00:23:34.475
<00:23:31.755>of <00:23:31.955>the <00:23:32.155>story <00:23:32.355>is <00:23:32.555>basically <00:23:32.755>the <00:23:32.955>neural <00:23:33.155>network.

504
00:23:34.695 --> 00:23:37.955
<00:23:34.695>It <00:23:34.870>could <00:23:35.044>not <00:23:35.220>differentiate <00:23:35.395>if <00:23:35.570>you <00:23:35.745>are <00:23:35.919>a <00:23:36.095>criminal

505
00:23:37.975 --> 00:23:39.155
<00:23:37.975>or <00:23:38.187>not <00:23:38.399>based <00:23:38.612>on <00:23:38.824>a <00:23:39.037>picture.

506
00:23:39.695 --> 00:23:42.595
<00:23:39.695>The <00:23:39.870>only <00:23:40.044>thing <00:23:40.220>it <00:23:40.395>could <00:23:40.570>differentiate <00:23:40.745>is, <00:23:40.919>is <00:23:41.095>if

507
00:23:42.595 --> 00:23:43.955
<00:23:42.595>that <00:23:42.901>was <00:23:43.206>a <00:23:43.513>government <00:23:43.819>ID

508
00:23:44.295 --> 00:23:46.525
<00:23:44.295>or <00:23:44.470>if <00:23:44.645>it <00:23:44.820>was <00:23:44.995>basically <00:23:45.170>a <00:23:45.345>business <00:23:45.520>photo <00:23:45.695>idea.

509
00:23:47.315 --> 00:23:49.375
<00:23:47.315>And <00:23:47.595>that's <00:23:47.875>a <00:23:48.155>very <00:23:48.435>important <00:23:48.715>decision

510
00:23:49.515 --> 00:23:51.135
<00:23:49.515>and <00:23:49.748>distinction <00:23:49.981>that <00:23:50.215>needs <00:23:50.448>to <00:23:50.681>be <00:23:50.915>made.

511
00:23:52.375 --> 00:23:54.755
<00:23:52.375>The <00:23:52.575>second <00:23:52.775>example <00:23:52.975>goes <00:23:53.175>along <00:23:53.375>the <00:23:53.575>same <00:23:53.775>lines.

512
00:23:54.975 --> 00:23:58.835
<00:23:54.975>So <00:23:55.130>in <00:23:55.286>2016 <00:23:55.441>there <00:23:55.597>was <00:23:55.752>a <00:23:55.908>graduate, <00:23:56.063>uh, <00:23:56.219>research <00:23:56.375>student

513
00:23:59.135 --> 00:24:01.195
<00:23:59.135>who <00:23:59.368>wanted <00:23:59.601>to <00:23:59.835>buy <00:24:00.068>a <00:24:00.301>husky <00:24:00.535>online.

514
00:24:01.895 --> 00:24:03.955
<00:24:01.895>And <00:24:02.128>for <00:24:02.361>whatever <00:24:02.595>reason, <00:24:02.828>he <00:24:03.061>was <00:24:03.295>scared

515
00:24:03.955 --> 00:24:06.755
<00:24:03.955>that <00:24:04.082>people <00:24:04.209>would <00:24:04.336>not <00:24:04.464>sell <00:24:04.591>a <00:24:04.718>husky <00:24:04.845>to <00:24:04.973>him <00:24:05.100>but <00:24:05.227>a <00:24:05.355>wolf.

516
00:24:07.375 --> 00:24:08.875
<00:24:07.375>So <00:24:07.645>he <00:24:07.915>gathered <00:24:08.185>the <00:24:08.455>data <00:24:08.725>set

517
00:24:09.215 --> 00:24:11.555
<00:24:09.215>and <00:24:09.389>he <00:24:09.564>trained <00:24:09.740>the <00:24:09.915>machine <00:24:10.090>learning <00:24:10.264>model <00:24:10.439>to <00:24:10.615>differentiate

518
00:24:11.705 --> 00:24:13.475
<00:24:11.705>between <00:24:12.171>huskies <00:24:12.638>and <00:24:13.105>wolves.

519
00:24:14.135 --> 00:24:17.275
<00:24:14.135>And <00:24:14.251>at <00:24:14.368>the <00:24:14.485>end <00:24:14.601>of <00:24:14.718>his <00:24:14.835>study, <00:24:14.951>he <00:24:15.068>came <00:24:15.185>to <00:24:15.301>his <00:24:15.418>proce <00:24:15.535>professor

520
00:24:17.275 --> 00:24:20.035
<00:24:17.275>and <00:24:17.450>said, <00:24:17.625>Hey, <00:24:17.800>hey, <00:24:17.975>I <00:24:18.150>can, <00:24:18.325>uh, <00:24:18.500>basically <00:24:18.675>differentiate

521
00:24:20.105 --> 00:24:22.875
<00:24:20.105>between <00:24:20.280>huskies <00:24:20.455>and <00:24:20.630>wolves <00:24:20.805>with <00:24:20.980>this <00:24:21.155>cool <00:24:21.330>neural <00:24:21.505>network

522
00:24:23.295 --> 00:24:25.915
<00:24:23.295>and <00:24:23.450>I <00:24:23.606>get <00:24:23.761>about <00:24:23.917>90% <00:24:24.072>accuracy, <00:24:24.228>and <00:24:24.383>that's <00:24:24.539>so <00:24:24.695>great.

523
00:24:26.375 --> 00:24:28.635
<00:24:26.375>And <00:24:26.550>then <00:24:26.725>the <00:24:26.900>professor <00:24:27.075>asked <00:24:27.250>him <00:24:27.425>the <00:24:27.600>very <00:24:27.775>important

524
00:24:28.955 --> 00:24:32.235
<00:24:28.955>question, <00:24:29.110>how <00:24:29.266>do <00:24:29.421>you <00:24:29.577>know <00:24:29.732>that <00:24:29.888>the <00:24:30.043>network <00:24:30.199>actually <00:24:30.355>learned

525
00:24:32.235 --> 00:24:33.515
<00:24:32.235>what <00:24:32.465>it <00:24:32.695>was <00:24:32.926>supposed <00:24:33.156>to <00:24:33.387>learn?

526
00:24:34.315 --> 00:24:35.725
<00:24:34.315>They <00:24:34.568>did <00:24:34.822>an <00:24:35.076>analysis, <00:24:35.330>they <00:24:35.583>did

527
00:24:35.725 --> 00:24:37.205
<00:24:35.725>what <00:24:35.891>you <00:24:36.058>can <00:24:36.224>see <00:24:36.390>here <00:24:36.557>on <00:24:36.724>the <00:24:36.890>right <00:24:37.057>side.

528
00:24:37.625 --> 00:24:39.765
<00:24:37.625>So <00:24:37.825>they <00:24:38.025>covered <00:24:38.225>certain <00:24:38.425>parts <00:24:38.625>of <00:24:38.825>the <00:24:39.025>image.

529
00:24:40.345 --> 00:24:43.725
<00:24:40.345>And <00:24:40.485>what <00:24:40.625>came <00:24:40.765>out <00:24:40.905>afterwards <00:24:41.045>is <00:24:41.185>that <00:24:41.325>most <00:24:41.465>of <00:24:41.605>the <00:24:41.745>images

530
00:24:43.985 --> 00:24:47.605
<00:24:43.985>of <00:24:44.140>huskies <00:24:44.296>or <00:24:44.451>of <00:24:44.607>wolves <00:24:44.762>had <00:24:44.918>snow <00:24:45.073>in <00:24:45.229>the <00:24:45.385>background

531
00:24:47.745 --> 00:24:50.285
<00:24:47.745>and <00:24:47.885>of <00:24:48.024>huskies, <00:24:48.165>they <00:24:48.304>did <00:24:48.445>not <00:24:48.584>have <00:24:48.725>snow <00:24:48.864>in <00:24:49.004>the <00:24:49.145>background.

532
00:24:50.425 --> 00:24:53.565
<00:24:50.425>So <00:24:50.625>this <00:24:50.825>algorithm <00:24:51.024>did <00:24:51.225>not <00:24:51.425>learn <00:24:51.625>to <00:24:51.825>distinguish

533
00:24:53.565 --> 00:24:54.925
<00:24:53.565>between <00:24:53.973>huskies <00:24:54.381>and <00:24:54.789>wolves,

534
00:24:55.185 --> 00:24:56.805
<00:24:55.185>but <00:24:55.465>between <00:24:55.745>snow <00:24:56.024>in <00:24:56.304>the <00:24:56.585>background

535
00:24:56.945 --> 00:25:01.285
<00:24:56.945>and <00:24:57.120>snow <00:24:57.294>not <00:24:57.470>in <00:24:57.645>the <00:24:57.820>background, <00:24:57.995>and <00:24:58.169>the <00:24:58.345>industry

536
00:25:01.285 --> 00:25:04.125
<00:25:01.285>and <00:25:01.460>the <00:25:01.635>research, <00:25:01.810>uh, <00:25:01.985>community <00:25:02.160>has <00:25:02.335>become <00:25:02.510>even <00:25:02.685>better

537
00:25:04.145 --> 00:25:07.045
<00:25:04.145>and <00:25:04.345>better <00:25:04.545>over <00:25:04.745>the <00:25:04.945>past, <00:25:05.145>um, <00:25:05.345>to <00:25:05.545>distinguish,

538
00:25:07.625 --> 00:25:10.245
<00:25:07.625>to <00:25:07.858>make <00:25:08.091>machine <00:25:08.325>learning <00:25:08.558>models <00:25:08.791>more <00:25:09.025>interpretable

539
00:25:10.305 --> 00:25:12.205
<00:25:10.305>and <00:25:10.585>more <00:25:10.865>robust <00:25:11.145>and <00:25:11.425>more <00:25:11.705>explainable.

540
00:25:12.585 --> 00:25:14.125
<00:25:12.585>But <00:25:12.862>I <00:25:13.139>believe <00:25:13.416>that <00:25:13.693>more <00:25:13.971>efforts

541
00:25:14.185 --> 00:25:16.485
<00:25:14.185>and <00:25:14.465>advances <00:25:14.745>are <00:25:15.024>needed <00:25:15.304>in <00:25:15.585>order

542
00:25:16.505 --> 00:25:19.245
<00:25:16.505>to <00:25:16.705>really <00:25:16.905>safely <00:25:17.105>deploy <00:25:17.305>machine <00:25:17.505>learning <00:25:17.705>at <00:25:17.905>scale.

543
00:25:21.905 --> 00:25:25.085
<00:25:21.905>So, <00:25:22.105>um, <00:25:22.305>thank <00:25:22.504>you <00:25:22.705>very <00:25:22.905>much <00:25:23.105>for <00:25:23.305>listening

544
00:25:25.085 --> 00:25:27.525
<00:25:25.085>to <00:25:25.240>this <00:25:25.396>presentation <00:25:25.551>and <00:25:25.707>a <00:25:25.862>little <00:25:26.018>story <00:25:26.173>about <00:25:26.329>the <00:25:26.485>giant,

545
00:25:27.585 --> 00:25:29.325
<00:25:27.585>the <00:25:27.818>ferry <00:25:28.051>and <00:25:28.285>the <00:25:28.518>machine <00:25:28.751>learning <00:25:28.985>pill.

546
00:25:29.625 --> 00:25:32.525
<00:25:29.625>You <00:25:29.800>heard <00:25:29.975>about <00:25:30.150>why <00:25:30.325>the <00:25:30.500>automotive <00:25:30.675>industry <00:25:30.850>is <00:25:31.025>important

547
00:25:32.625 --> 00:25:36.365
<00:25:32.625>and <00:25:32.780>how <00:25:32.936>it <00:25:33.091>impacts <00:25:33.247>our <00:25:33.402>economy, <00:25:33.558>how <00:25:33.713>it <00:25:33.869>impacts <00:25:34.025>our,

548
00:25:36.745 --> 00:25:38.365
<00:25:36.745>um, <00:25:37.211>our <00:25:37.678>daily <00:25:38.145>lives.

549
00:25:38.745 --> 00:25:41.805
<00:25:38.745>You <00:25:38.919>heard <00:25:39.094>about <00:25:39.270>what <00:25:39.445>potential <00:25:39.620>lies <00:25:39.794>within <00:25:39.969>using <00:25:40.145>machine

550
00:25:41.965 --> 00:25:43.285
<00:25:41.965>learning <00:25:42.262>in <00:25:42.559>the <00:25:42.856>automotive <00:25:43.153>industry.

551
00:25:43.825 --> 00:25:46.485
<00:25:43.825>Um, <00:25:44.025>automotive <00:25:44.225>industry <00:25:44.425>produces <00:25:44.625>a <00:25:44.825>lot <00:25:45.025>of <00:25:45.225>data,

552
00:25:46.865 --> 00:25:48.445
<00:25:46.865>and <00:25:47.145>with <00:25:47.425>that, <00:25:47.705>there's <00:25:47.985>the <00:25:48.265>potential

553
00:25:48.785 --> 00:25:51.485
<00:25:48.785>to <00:25:48.985>create <00:25:49.185>very <00:25:49.385>powerful <00:25:49.585>machine <00:25:49.785>learning <00:25:49.985>applications <00:25:50.185>in

554
00:25:51.485 --> 00:25:52.885
<00:25:51.485>almost <00:25:51.800>any <00:25:52.115>product <00:25:52.430>or <00:25:52.745>process.

555
00:25:53.945 --> 00:25:56.765
<00:25:53.945>And <00:25:54.085>at <00:25:54.225>the <00:25:54.365>end, <00:25:54.504>you <00:25:54.645>also <00:25:54.784>heard <00:25:54.925>about <00:25:55.064>challenges, <00:25:55.205>which <00:25:55.345>will,

556
00:25:56.785 --> 00:25:59.605
<00:25:56.785>uh, <00:25:57.018>remain <00:25:57.251>in <00:25:57.485>implementing <00:25:57.718>machine <00:25:57.951>learning, <00:25:58.185>uh,

557
00:25:59.625 --> 00:26:01.845
<00:25:59.625>in <00:25:59.858>the <00:26:00.091>architecture, <00:26:00.325>working <00:26:00.558>with <00:26:00.791>the <00:26:01.025>data

558
00:26:02.185 --> 00:26:04.245
<00:26:02.185>and <00:26:02.465>making <00:26:02.745>the <00:26:03.024>algorithms <00:26:03.304>more <00:26:03.585>robust.

559
00:26:05.085 --> 00:26:07.725
<00:26:05.085>I <00:26:05.260>would <00:26:05.435>like <00:26:05.610>to <00:26:05.785>conclude <00:26:05.960>now <00:26:06.135>today <00:26:06.310>by, <00:26:06.485>um,

560
00:26:08.565 --> 00:26:11.295
<00:26:08.565>basically <00:26:08.765>thanking <00:26:08.965>you <00:26:09.165>for <00:26:09.365>your <00:26:09.565>time, <00:26:09.765>thanking <00:26:09.965>you

561
00:26:11.295 --> 00:26:12.295
<00:26:11.295>for <00:26:11.745>your <00:26:12.195>attention.

562
00:26:12.875 --> 00:26:14.855
<00:26:12.875>And <00:26:13.050>if <00:26:13.225>you <00:26:13.400>can <00:26:13.575>just <00:26:13.750>take <00:26:13.925>away <00:26:14.100>with <00:26:14.275>you

563
00:26:14.855 --> 00:26:17.615
<00:26:14.855>that <00:26:14.995>the <00:26:15.135>automotive <00:26:15.275>industry <00:26:15.415>is <00:26:15.555>a <00:26:15.695>vital <00:26:15.835>part <00:26:15.975>of <00:26:16.115>our <00:26:16.255>lives,

564
00:26:17.685 --> 00:26:20.215
<00:26:17.685>that <00:26:17.840>machine <00:26:17.996>learning <00:26:18.151>can <00:26:18.307>have <00:26:18.462>a <00:26:18.618>tremendous <00:26:18.773>impact <00:26:18.929>on <00:26:19.085>the

565
00:26:20.215 --> 00:26:22.855
<00:26:20.215>automotive <00:26:20.389>industry, <00:26:20.564>then <00:26:20.740>I <00:26:20.915>would <00:26:21.090>like <00:26:21.264>to <00:26:21.439>encourage <00:26:21.615>you

566
00:26:23.195 --> 00:26:25.375
<00:26:23.195>to <00:26:23.395>maybe <00:26:23.595>also <00:26:23.794>consider <00:26:23.995>joining <00:26:24.195>us <00:26:24.395>at <00:26:24.595>the

567
00:26:25.375 --> 00:26:26.535
<00:26:25.375>cost <00:26:25.723>of <00:26:26.071>your <00:26:26.419>organization.

568
00:26:26.755 --> 00:26:29.815
<00:26:26.755>Uh, <00:26:26.910>if <00:26:27.066>you <00:26:27.221>go <00:26:27.377>to <00:26:27.532>the <00:26:27.688>website, <00:26:27.843>digital <00:26:27.999>minus <00:26:28.155>mine,

569
00:26:29.865 --> 00:26:33.615
<00:26:29.865>minus <00:26:30.040>off <00:26:30.215>minus <00:26:30.390>mobility.com, <00:26:30.565>you <00:26:30.740>can <00:26:30.915>find <00:26:31.090>our <00:26:31.265>current,

570
00:26:33.795 --> 00:26:34.815
<00:26:33.795>uh, <00:26:34.254>job <00:26:34.713>openings.

571
00:26:35.315 --> 00:26:38.815
<00:26:35.315>And <00:26:35.455>I <00:26:35.595>believe <00:26:35.735>you <00:26:35.875>won't <00:26:36.015>regret <00:26:36.155>it. <00:26:36.295>Also, <00:26:36.435>please <00:26:36.575>reach <00:26:36.715>out.

572
00:26:38.915 --> 00:26:41.495
<00:26:38.915>Uh, <00:26:39.115>I'm <00:26:39.315>available <00:26:39.514>on <00:26:39.715>LinkedIn, <00:26:39.915>medium <00:26:40.115>on <00:26:40.315>Twitter.

573
00:26:42.015 --> 00:26:43.375
<00:26:42.015>I <00:26:42.259>block <00:26:42.504>mostly <00:26:42.749>about <00:26:42.994>the <00:26:43.239>topics

574
00:26:43.395 --> 00:26:44.975
<00:26:43.395>of <00:26:43.675>data <00:26:43.955>science, <00:26:44.235>business <00:26:44.514>and <00:26:44.795>cars.

575
00:26:45.715 --> 00:26:48.735
<00:26:45.715>And <00:26:45.855>yes, <00:26:45.995>I <00:26:46.135>think <00:26:46.274>I <00:26:46.415>will <00:26:46.554>be <00:26:46.695>taking <00:26:46.834>your <00:26:46.975>questions <00:26:47.115>now.

576
00:26:49.105 --> 00:26:49.855
<00:26:49.105>Thank <00:26:49.330>you <00:26:49.555>very <00:26:49.780>much.