WEBVTT

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<00:00:00.015>Hello <00:00:00.726>everybody.

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<00:00:05.265>Let <00:00:05.420>me <00:00:05.576>hear <00:00:05.731>it. <00:00:05.887>How <00:00:06.042>are <00:00:06.198>you? <00:00:06.353>Okay, <00:00:06.509>thank <00:00:06.664>you.

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<00:00:10.995>Welcome <00:00:11.135>back <00:00:11.274>if <00:00:11.415>you <00:00:11.555>have <00:00:11.694>been <00:00:11.834>already <00:00:11.975>here <00:00:12.114>on <00:00:12.254>stage <00:00:12.395>three.

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<00:00:14.025>If <00:00:14.290>you <00:00:14.556>have <00:00:14.821>not, <00:00:15.087>welcome.

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<00:00:15.885>I <00:00:16.040>am <00:00:16.196>jp, <00:00:16.351>host <00:00:16.507>of <00:00:16.662>the <00:00:16.818>stage <00:00:16.973>for <00:00:17.129>the <00:00:17.285>day.

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<00:00:18.405>I <00:00:18.545>am <00:00:18.685>a <00:00:18.825>web <00:00:18.965>engineer <00:00:19.105>myself, <00:00:19.245>working <00:00:19.385>now <00:00:19.525>as <00:00:19.665>an <00:00:19.805>artist.

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<00:00:21.465>But, <00:00:21.620>um, <00:00:21.776>inside <00:00:21.931>of <00:00:22.087>we <00:00:22.242>are, <00:00:22.398>uh, <00:00:22.553>developers, <00:00:22.709>I'd <00:00:22.865>like

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<00:00:25.965>to <00:00:26.105>thank <00:00:26.245>all <00:00:26.384>of <00:00:26.525>the <00:00:26.665>partners <00:00:26.805>that <00:00:26.945>had <00:00:27.085>made <00:00:27.225>this <00:00:27.365>possible,

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<00:00:29.555>community <00:00:29.788>partner, <00:00:30.021>media <00:00:30.255>partners, <00:00:30.488>all <00:00:30.721>the <00:00:30.955>partners

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<00:00:32.525>that <00:00:32.824>made <00:00:33.125>this <00:00:33.425>possible.

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<00:00:34.265>And, <00:00:34.392>uh, <00:00:34.519>I'm <00:00:34.646>gonna <00:00:34.774>jump <00:00:34.901>directly <00:00:35.028>into <00:00:35.155>a <00:00:35.283>question <00:00:35.410>if <00:00:35.537>you <00:00:35.665>all

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<00:00:42.265>Yep. <00:00:42.545>Hands <00:00:42.825>up <00:00:43.105>if <00:00:43.385>you <00:00:43.665>have.

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<00:00:45.105>That's <00:00:45.245>way <00:00:45.385>easier <00:00:45.525>than <00:00:45.665>having <00:00:45.805>you <00:00:45.944>talk <00:00:46.084>guys. <00:00:46.224>Don't <00:00:46.364>get <00:00:46.504>it.

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<00:00:48.265>Why? <00:00:48.615>But <00:00:48.965>now <00:00:49.315>it <00:00:49.665>worked.

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<00:00:52.205>because <00:00:52.379>while <00:00:52.555>the <00:00:52.730>speaker <00:00:52.905>is <00:00:53.080>gonna <00:00:53.254>have <00:00:53.430>his <00:00:53.605>talk,

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<00:00:54.825>you <00:00:55.058>can <00:00:55.291>ask <00:00:55.525>question <00:00:55.758>via <00:00:55.991>the <00:00:56.225>app

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<00:00:58.395>that <00:00:58.522>can <00:00:58.649>be <00:00:58.776>either <00:00:58.904>answered <00:00:59.031>at <00:00:59.158>the <00:00:59.285>end <00:00:59.413>of <00:00:59.540>the <00:00:59.667>talk, <00:00:59.795>uh,

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<00:01:02.105>by <00:01:02.260>having <00:01:02.416>a <00:01:02.571>small <00:01:02.727>q <00:01:02.882>and <00:01:03.038>a <00:01:03.193>session <00:01:03.349>on <00:01:03.504>stage.

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<00:01:04.785>But <00:01:04.985>otherwise, <00:01:05.185>the <00:01:05.384>speaker <00:01:05.585>is <00:01:05.785>always <00:01:05.985>the <00:01:06.185>chance

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<00:01:07.125>to <00:01:07.265>read <00:01:07.405>the <00:01:07.545>question <00:01:07.685>in <00:01:07.825>the <00:01:07.965>app <00:01:08.105>out <00:01:08.245>of <00:01:08.385>the <00:01:08.525>stage

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<00:01:09.705>and <00:01:09.905>then <00:01:10.105>answer <00:01:10.304>you <00:01:10.505>directly <00:01:10.705>in <00:01:10.905>the <00:01:11.105>app.

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<00:01:13.595>And <00:01:13.722>if <00:01:13.849>you <00:01:13.976>have <00:01:14.104>been <00:01:14.231>here <00:01:14.358>other <00:01:14.485>time <00:01:14.613>this <00:01:14.740>day, <00:01:14.867>you've <00:01:14.995>seen

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<00:01:17.615>that <00:01:17.770>in <00:01:17.926>this <00:01:18.081>stage, <00:01:18.237>the <00:01:18.392>main <00:01:18.548>topic <00:01:18.703>has <00:01:18.859>been, <00:01:19.015>uh,

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<00:01:21.414>machine <00:01:21.570>learning, <00:01:21.726>ai, <00:01:21.881>and <00:01:22.037>a <00:01:22.192>lot <00:01:22.348>of <00:01:22.503>argument <00:01:22.659>AI <00:01:22.815>based.

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<00:01:26.395>Now <00:01:26.643>we <00:01:26.891>are <00:01:27.140>breaking <00:01:27.388>from <00:01:27.637>it.

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<00:01:27.995>We <00:01:28.224>are <00:01:28.454>taking <00:01:28.683>a <00:01:28.913>break

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<00:01:29.595>and <00:01:29.770>we <00:01:29.945>are <00:01:30.120>gonna <00:01:30.295>get <00:01:30.470>in <00:01:30.645>a <00:01:30.820>different <00:01:30.995>argument.

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<00:01:31.435>We <00:01:31.715>are <00:01:31.995>gonna <00:01:32.275>get <00:01:32.555>into <00:01:32.835>blockchain

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<00:01:33.795>and, <00:01:34.075>uh, <00:01:34.355>crypto <00:01:34.635>secure <00:01:34.915>data <00:01:35.195>management.

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<00:01:37.195>We <00:01:37.661>did <00:01:38.128>database <00:01:38.595>blockchain

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<00:01:39.475>and <00:01:39.649>to <00:01:39.824>talk <00:01:40.000>about <00:01:40.175>it, <00:01:40.350>we're <00:01:40.524>gonna <00:01:40.699>have <00:01:40.875>hoo

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<00:01:42.395>and <00:01:42.620>I'm <00:01:42.845>gonna <00:01:43.070>leave <00:01:43.295>you <00:01:43.520>the <00:01:43.745>stage.

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<00:01:44.134>Hoo. <00:01:44.368>A <00:01:44.601>round <00:01:44.835>of <00:01:45.068>applause <00:01:45.301>for <00:01:45.535>hoo.

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<00:01:56.115>Hi, <00:01:56.290>good <00:01:56.465>afternoon. <00:01:56.640>Um, <00:01:56.815>I'm <00:01:56.990>happy <00:01:57.165>to <00:01:57.340>be <00:01:57.515>here.

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<00:02:01.075>Uh, <00:02:01.355>can <00:02:01.635>you <00:02:01.915>hear <00:02:02.195>me? <00:02:02.475>Yes.

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<00:02:03.935>Okay, <00:02:04.215>so, <00:02:04.495>um, <00:02:04.775>slides <00:02:05.055>are <00:02:05.335>here.

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<00:02:09.115>Uh, <00:02:09.270>so <00:02:09.426>my <00:02:09.581>name's <00:02:09.737>we, <00:02:09.892>uh, <00:02:10.048>I'm <00:02:10.203>from <00:02:10.359>database <00:02:10.515>group

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<00:02:13.355>and <00:02:13.704>I <00:02:14.054>lead <00:02:14.405>the <00:02:14.755>development

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<00:02:15.015>of <00:02:15.248>the <00:02:15.481>Oracle <00:02:15.714>database, <00:02:15.948>our <00:02:16.181>flagship <00:02:16.415>product.

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<00:02:17.365>Okay? <00:02:17.540>And <00:02:17.715>I <00:02:17.890>also <00:02:18.065>happen <00:02:18.240>to <00:02:18.415>work <00:02:18.590>on <00:02:18.765>blockchains.

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<00:02:20.035>So <00:02:20.174>today <00:02:20.315>I'm <00:02:20.454>here <00:02:20.595>to <00:02:20.734>talk <00:02:20.875>to <00:02:21.015>you <00:02:21.155>about, <00:02:21.295>you <00:02:21.435>know,

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<00:02:23.355>crypto <00:02:23.588>data <00:02:23.821>security <00:02:24.054>with <00:02:24.288>ink <00:02:24.521>database <00:02:24.755>blockchains,

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<00:02:26.585>which <00:02:26.818>is <00:02:27.051>actually <00:02:27.285>a <00:02:27.518>very <00:02:27.751>interesting <00:02:27.985>combination,

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<00:02:28.235>and <00:02:28.390>I'll <00:02:28.545>show <00:02:28.700>you <00:02:28.856>why <00:02:29.011>that <00:02:29.166>is <00:02:29.321>the <00:02:29.477>case.

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<00:02:31.465>Okay? <00:02:31.698>So <00:02:31.931>to <00:02:32.165>start <00:02:32.398>with, <00:02:32.631>the <00:02:32.865>reason

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<00:02:35.595>that <00:02:35.828>we're <00:02:36.061>interested <00:02:36.295>in <00:02:36.528>this <00:02:36.761>technology <00:02:36.995>is

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<00:02:37.475>because <00:02:37.941>data <00:02:38.408>protection, <00:02:38.875>right?

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<00:02:39.815>You <00:02:40.125>know, <00:02:40.436>there <00:02:40.746>are <00:02:41.057>lots

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<00:02:41.195>and <00:02:41.423>lots <00:02:41.651>of <00:02:41.879>bad <00:02:42.107>actors <00:02:42.335>out <00:02:42.563>there

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<00:02:43.345>even <00:02:43.578>now <00:02:43.811>hacking <00:02:44.045>on <00:02:44.278>our <00:02:44.511>data, <00:02:44.745>okay?

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<00:02:45.675>That <00:02:45.972>is <00:02:46.269>a <00:02:46.566>fact. <00:02:46.863>Okay?

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<00:02:47.255>So <00:02:47.382>the <00:02:47.509>question <00:02:47.636>is, <00:02:47.764>you <00:02:47.891>know, <00:02:48.018>how <00:02:48.145>do <00:02:48.273>you <00:02:48.400>protect <00:02:48.527>your <00:02:48.655>data,

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<00:02:51.575>my <00:02:51.750>data <00:02:51.924>from <00:02:52.100>being <00:02:52.274>illicitly <00:02:52.450>modified <00:02:52.625>or <00:02:52.799>deleted, <00:02:52.975>right?

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<00:02:57.375>You <00:02:57.515>know, <00:02:57.655>hackers, <00:02:57.795>you <00:02:57.935>know, <00:02:58.075>what <00:02:58.215>happens <00:02:58.355>when, <00:02:58.495>when, <00:02:58.635>not <00:02:58.775>if

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<00:03:02.245>a <00:03:02.400>hacker <00:03:02.556>finds <00:03:02.711>a <00:03:02.867>way <00:03:03.022>to <00:03:03.178>bypass <00:03:03.333>path <00:03:03.489>the <00:03:03.645>security

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<00:03:04.285>of <00:03:04.728>your <00:03:05.173>system, <00:03:05.617>right?

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<00:03:06.185>You <00:03:06.465>know, <00:03:06.745>raking <00:03:07.025>insiders, <00:03:07.305>you <00:03:07.585>know

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<00:03:08.045>what <00:03:08.200>happens <00:03:08.356>if <00:03:08.511>an <00:03:08.667>administrator, <00:03:08.822>you <00:03:08.978>know, <00:03:09.133>who <00:03:09.289>is <00:03:09.445>corrupt

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<00:03:10.805>or <00:03:11.085>malicious <00:03:11.365>does <00:03:11.645>bad <00:03:11.925>things, <00:03:12.205>right?

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<00:03:13.465>Or <00:03:13.640>more <00:03:13.815>likely <00:03:13.990>compromise <00:03:14.165>users <00:03:14.340>if <00:03:14.515>someone <00:03:14.690>is <00:03:14.865>subject

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<00:03:17.565>to <00:03:17.720>a <00:03:17.876>phishing <00:03:18.031>attack <00:03:18.187>and <00:03:18.342>lost <00:03:18.498>his <00:03:18.653>or <00:03:18.809>her <00:03:18.965>password,

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<00:03:20.825>and <00:03:21.054>then <00:03:21.284>someone <00:03:21.513>uses <00:03:21.743>his

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<00:03:21.845>or <00:03:21.984>password <00:03:22.125>to <00:03:22.265>gain <00:03:22.405>access <00:03:22.545>to <00:03:22.685>data <00:03:22.825>that <00:03:22.965>they <00:03:23.105>shouldn't <00:03:23.245>have.

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<00:03:24.795>Okay? <00:03:24.922>So <00:03:25.049>these <00:03:25.176>are <00:03:25.304>some <00:03:25.431>of <00:03:25.558>the <00:03:25.685>threats <00:03:25.813>that <00:03:25.940>are <00:03:26.067>going <00:03:26.195>on

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<00:03:27.005>that <00:03:27.285>are <00:03:27.565>being <00:03:27.845>exploited <00:03:28.125>today, <00:03:28.405>right?

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<00:03:30.655>Now <00:03:30.974>why <00:03:31.293>is <00:03:31.613>this <00:03:31.933>interesting?

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<00:03:32.435>I <00:03:32.575>mean, <00:03:32.715>there <00:03:32.855>are <00:03:32.995>lots <00:03:33.135>and <00:03:33.275>lots <00:03:33.415>of <00:03:33.555>security <00:03:33.695>stuff <00:03:33.835>out

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<00:03:34.115>there <00:03:34.583>today, <00:03:35.051>right?

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<00:03:35.775>The <00:03:35.930>thing <00:03:36.086>is <00:03:36.241>that <00:03:36.397>if <00:03:36.552>you <00:03:36.708>look <00:03:36.863>at <00:03:37.019>existing <00:03:37.175>security

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<00:03:37.954>mechanism, <00:03:38.110>the <00:03:38.266>ones <00:03:38.421>that <00:03:38.577>you <00:03:38.732>go <00:03:38.888>through <00:03:39.043>today, <00:03:39.199>you <00:03:39.355>know,

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<00:03:41.035>passwords, <00:03:41.734>privileges, <00:03:42.435>encryption,

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<00:03:42.875>and <00:03:43.108>so <00:03:43.341>forth, <00:03:43.575>they're <00:03:43.808>all <00:03:44.041>focused <00:03:44.275>on

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<00:03:45.505>keeping <00:03:45.971>the <00:03:46.438>criminals <00:03:46.905>out.

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<00:03:47.615>This <00:03:47.731>is <00:03:47.848>like <00:03:47.965>a <00:03:48.081>wall <00:03:48.198>around, <00:03:48.315>you <00:03:48.431>know, <00:03:48.548>your <00:03:48.665>data <00:03:48.781>if <00:03:48.898>you <00:03:49.015>will,

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<00:03:50.865>right <00:03:52.017>now,

79
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<00:03:53.005>but <00:03:53.267>we <00:03:53.530>all <00:03:53.793>know <00:03:54.056>that <00:03:54.319>none

80
00:03:54.465 --> 00:03:56.025
<00:03:54.465>of <00:03:54.665>this <00:03:54.865>stuff <00:03:55.065>is <00:03:55.265>a <00:03:55.465>hundred <00:03:55.665>percent <00:03:55.865>secure.

81
00:03:56.405 --> 00:03:59.465
<00:03:56.405>You <00:03:56.560>know, <00:03:56.716>so <00:03:56.871>what <00:03:57.027>happens <00:03:57.182>if <00:03:57.338>a <00:03:57.493>hacker <00:03:57.649>breaks <00:03:57.805>through

82
00:03:59.485 --> 00:04:01.345
<00:03:59.485>and <00:03:59.718>gets <00:03:59.951>access <00:04:00.185>to <00:04:00.418>your <00:04:00.651>data, <00:04:00.885>right?

83
00:04:01.345 --> 00:04:03.545
<00:04:01.345>So <00:04:01.520>how <00:04:01.695>do <00:04:01.870>they <00:04:02.045>stole <00:04:02.220>your <00:04:02.395>passwords, <00:04:02.570>for <00:04:02.745>example,

84
00:04:03.805 --> 00:04:05.785
<00:04:03.805>or <00:04:04.155>broke <00:04:04.505>your <00:04:04.855>encryption, <00:04:05.205>right?

85
00:04:07.085 --> 00:04:08.505
<00:04:07.085>And <00:04:07.298>this <00:04:07.511>is <00:04:07.724>where <00:04:07.937>blockchain <00:04:08.150>comes <00:04:08.363>in.

86
00:04:08.765 --> 00:04:11.545
<00:04:08.765>You <00:04:08.920>know, <00:04:09.076>blockchain <00:04:09.231>is <00:04:09.387>a <00:04:09.542>way <00:04:09.698>to <00:04:09.853>address <00:04:10.009>these <00:04:10.165>end

87
00:04:11.545 --> 00:04:14.145
<00:04:11.545>of <00:04:12.011>avoidable <00:04:12.478>vulnerabilities, <00:04:12.945>okay?

88
00:04:14.685 --> 00:04:17.145
<00:04:14.685>And <00:04:14.812>so <00:04:14.939>the <00:04:15.066>way <00:04:15.194>to <00:04:15.321>think <00:04:15.448>about <00:04:15.575>it <00:04:15.703>is <00:04:15.830>adds <00:04:15.957>another <00:04:16.084>layer

89
00:04:17.145 --> 00:04:20.105
<00:04:17.144>of <00:04:17.320>data <00:04:17.495>security <00:04:17.669>that <00:04:17.844>protects <00:04:18.019>your <00:04:18.195>data <00:04:18.370>from <00:04:18.544>being

90
00:04:20.105 --> 00:04:21.105
<00:04:20.105>illicitly <00:04:21.005>modified

91
00:04:21.105 --> 00:04:25.065
<00:04:21.105>or <00:04:21.280>deleted <00:04:21.455>when <00:04:21.630>someone <00:04:21.805>breaks <00:04:21.980>into <00:04:22.155>your <00:04:22.330>systems, <00:04:22.505>okay?

92
00:04:25.205 --> 00:04:27.505
<00:04:25.205>And <00:04:25.405>it <00:04:25.604>uses <00:04:25.805>the <00:04:26.005>technologies <00:04:26.205>that <00:04:26.405>are <00:04:26.604>associated

93
00:04:27.505 --> 00:04:30.425
<00:04:27.505>with <00:04:27.855>blockchains, <00:04:28.205>cryptographic <00:04:28.555>digest <00:04:28.905>signatures

94
00:04:30.565 --> 00:04:33.185
<00:04:30.565>and <00:04:30.915>distributed <00:04:31.265>systems <00:04:31.615>to <00:04:31.965>implement

95
00:04:33.255 --> 00:04:34.945
<00:04:33.255>what <00:04:33.534>we <00:04:33.815>call <00:04:34.094>crypto <00:04:34.375>secure <00:04:34.655>management.

96
00:04:35.735 --> 00:04:40.145
<00:04:35.735>Okay? <00:04:35.862>So <00:04:35.989>that's <00:04:36.116>the <00:04:36.244>thesis. <00:04:36.371>Now, <00:04:36.498>why <00:04:36.625>is <00:04:36.753>this <00:04:36.880>hard <00:04:37.007>right <00:04:37.135>now?

97
00:04:41.085 --> 00:04:45.185
<00:04:41.085>The <00:04:41.240>sad <00:04:41.396>fact <00:04:41.551>is <00:04:41.707>that <00:04:41.862>conventional <00:04:42.018>blockchain <00:04:42.173>is <00:04:42.329>hard, <00:04:42.484>okay?

98
00:04:45.185 --> 00:04:48.145
<00:04:45.185>Anybody <00:04:45.325>who <00:04:45.465>has <00:04:45.605>as <00:04:45.745>easy <00:04:45.885>has <00:04:46.025>never <00:04:46.165>done <00:04:46.305>it <00:04:46.445>before, <00:04:46.585>okay?

99
00:04:48.995 --> 00:04:51.905
<00:04:48.995>Blockchain <00:04:49.150>is <00:04:49.306>still <00:04:49.461>hot <00:04:49.617>technology, <00:04:49.772>I <00:04:49.928>would <00:04:50.083>say <00:04:50.239>it's <00:04:50.395>hot

100
00:04:51.905 --> 00:04:53.745
<00:04:51.905>and <00:04:52.104>less <00:04:52.304>hot, <00:04:52.505>but <00:04:52.705>it's <00:04:52.905>still <00:04:53.104>hot, <00:04:53.304>right?

101
00:04:53.885 --> 00:04:55.625
<00:04:53.885>But <00:04:54.060>it's <00:04:54.235>proven <00:04:54.409>to <00:04:54.585>be <00:04:54.760>very <00:04:54.935>hard <00:04:55.110>to <00:04:55.284>implement.

102
00:04:56.165 --> 00:04:58.745
<00:04:56.165>And <00:04:56.320>if <00:04:56.476>you <00:04:56.631>search <00:04:56.787>the <00:04:56.942>web <00:04:57.098>for <00:04:57.253>people <00:04:57.409>with <00:04:57.565>experience,

103
00:04:59.005 --> 00:05:01.145
<00:04:59.005>you <00:04:59.180>see <00:04:59.355>all <00:04:59.530>these <00:04:59.705>things, <00:04:59.880>why <00:05:00.055>nobody <00:05:00.230>understands <00:05:00.405>it,

104
00:05:01.605 --> 00:05:03.985
<00:05:01.605>why <00:05:01.805>it's <00:05:02.005>difficult, <00:05:02.205>you <00:05:02.405>know, <00:05:02.605>there's <00:05:02.805>a <00:05:03.005>doubt

105
00:05:03.985 --> 00:05:05.425
<00:05:03.985>that <00:05:04.170>it's <00:05:04.355>hard <00:05:04.540>to <00:05:04.725>do <00:05:04.910>and <00:05:05.095>so <00:05:05.281>forth.

106
00:05:05.645 --> 00:05:08.105
<00:05:05.645>You <00:05:05.800>know, <00:05:05.956>maybe <00:05:06.111>the <00:05:06.267>solution <00:05:06.422>is <00:05:06.578>we <00:05:06.733>don't <00:05:06.889>program <00:05:07.044>blockchains

107
00:05:08.105 --> 00:05:10.585
<00:05:08.105>with, <00:05:08.260>we <00:05:08.416>have <00:05:08.571>chat, <00:05:08.727>GPT <00:05:08.882>do <00:05:09.038>it <00:05:09.193>for <00:05:09.349>us, <00:05:09.505>right?

108
00:05:11.005 --> 00:05:13.505
<00:05:11.005>But <00:05:11.471>blockchain <00:05:11.938>is <00:05:12.405>complicated

109
00:05:13.505 --> 00:05:16.185
<00:05:13.505>because <00:05:13.705>it <00:05:13.905>requires <00:05:14.105>you <00:05:14.305>to <00:05:14.505>write <00:05:14.705>new <00:05:14.905>applications.

110
00:05:16.985 --> 00:05:18.425
<00:05:16.985>'cause <00:05:17.244>existing <00:05:17.503>applications <00:05:17.762>don't <00:05:18.021>do <00:05:18.281>blockchain.

111
00:05:18.805 --> 00:05:20.505
<00:05:18.805>It <00:05:19.155>requires <00:05:19.505>new <00:05:19.855>development <00:05:20.205>methodologies,

112
00:05:21.285 --> 00:05:22.545
<00:05:21.285>new <00:05:21.663>data <00:05:22.041>management <00:05:22.419>products,

113
00:05:22.965 --> 00:05:24.665
<00:05:22.965>and <00:05:23.315>new <00:05:23.664>business <00:05:24.015>processes, <00:05:24.364>right?

114
00:05:24.925 --> 00:05:26.505
<00:05:24.925>And <00:05:25.125>I <00:05:25.325>would <00:05:25.525>say <00:05:25.725>that <00:05:25.925>just <00:05:26.125>like <00:05:26.325>technology

115
00:05:26.725 --> 00:05:27.825
<00:05:26.725>and <00:05:27.055>the <00:05:27.385>business <00:05:27.715>aspects,

116
00:05:28.065 --> 00:05:31.025
<00:05:28.065>because <00:05:28.344>blockchains <00:05:28.625>typically <00:05:28.905>require <00:05:29.185>multiple <00:05:29.465>companies,

117
00:05:31.025 --> 00:05:32.585
<00:05:31.025>organizations <00:05:31.491>to <00:05:31.958>cooperate <00:05:32.424>together.

118
00:05:32.845 --> 00:05:36.425
<00:05:32.845>And <00:05:33.045>that <00:05:33.245>is <00:05:33.445>just <00:05:33.645>very, <00:05:33.845>very <00:05:34.045>hard. <00:05:34.245>Okay?

119
00:05:36.845 --> 00:05:41.405
<00:05:36.845>So <00:05:37.000>then, <00:05:37.156>so <00:05:37.311>what <00:05:37.467>if, <00:05:37.622>you <00:05:37.778>know, <00:05:37.933>what <00:05:38.089>if, <00:05:38.245>so,

120
00:05:41.405 --> 00:05:43.685
<00:05:41.405>so <00:05:41.560>the <00:05:41.716>thesis <00:05:41.871>is <00:05:42.027>that <00:05:42.182>if <00:05:42.338>we <00:05:42.493>put <00:05:42.649>the <00:05:42.804>blockchain

121
00:05:43.685 --> 00:05:45.605
<00:05:43.685>inside <00:05:43.885>the <00:05:44.085>database, <00:05:44.285>that <00:05:44.485>can <00:05:44.685>make <00:05:44.885>it <00:05:45.085>much,

122
00:05:45.605 --> 00:05:47.085
<00:05:45.605>much <00:05:46.271>easier, <00:05:46.937>right?

123
00:05:47.665 --> 00:05:50.445
<00:05:47.665>So <00:05:47.865>the <00:05:48.065>Oracle <00:05:48.265>database, <00:05:48.465>for <00:05:48.665>example, <00:05:48.865>you <00:05:49.065>know,

124
00:05:50.785 --> 00:05:53.965
<00:05:50.784>has <00:05:50.984>deeply <00:05:51.184>integrated <00:05:51.385>blockchain <00:05:51.585>into <00:05:51.784>the <00:05:51.984>database, <00:05:52.184>okay?

125
00:05:54.465 --> 00:05:55.765
<00:05:54.465>So <00:05:54.757>it <00:05:55.050>makes <00:05:55.342>it <00:05:55.635>easy.

126
00:05:56.065 --> 00:05:57.525
<00:05:56.065>And <00:05:56.229>the <00:05:56.393>goal <00:05:56.557>is <00:05:56.722>really <00:05:56.886>to <00:05:57.050>make <00:05:57.214>it <00:05:57.378>easy

127
00:05:57.525 --> 00:06:00.565
<00:05:57.525>to <00:05:57.758>implement <00:05:57.991>blockchain <00:05:58.224>with <00:05:58.458>minimal <00:05:58.691>application <00:05:58.924>changes.

128
00:06:00.945 --> 00:06:02.485
<00:06:00.945>And <00:06:01.291>that <00:06:01.638>is <00:06:01.984>key, <00:06:02.331>right?

129
00:06:03.725 --> 00:06:05.985
<00:06:03.725>And <00:06:03.925>so <00:06:04.125>the <00:06:04.325>Oracle <00:06:04.525>blockchain <00:06:04.725>in <00:06:04.925>the <00:06:05.125>database,

130
00:06:06.605 --> 00:06:08.865
<00:06:06.605>the <00:06:06.805>goal <00:06:07.005>is <00:06:07.205>prevent <00:06:07.405>illicit <00:06:07.605>changes <00:06:07.805>to <00:06:08.005>data

131
00:06:08.895 --> 00:06:10.385
<00:06:08.895>that <00:06:09.342>records <00:06:09.789>important <00:06:10.236>information.

132
00:06:10.645 --> 00:06:12.025
<00:06:10.645>And <00:06:10.800>you <00:06:10.955>all <00:06:11.110>know <00:06:11.265>what <00:06:11.421>these <00:06:11.576>things <00:06:11.731>are, <00:06:11.887>right?

133
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<00:06:12.245>You <00:06:12.525>know, <00:06:12.805>assets, <00:06:13.085>entities, <00:06:13.365>and <00:06:13.645>documents.

134
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<00:06:14.245>You <00:06:14.478>know, <00:06:14.711>examples <00:06:14.945>are <00:06:15.178>contracts, <00:06:15.411>property <00:06:15.645>titles,

135
00:06:17.745 --> 00:06:19.585
<00:06:17.745>payments <00:06:18.095>and <00:06:18.445>so <00:06:18.795>forth, <00:06:19.145>right?

136
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<00:06:20.085>And <00:06:20.224>this <00:06:20.364>is <00:06:20.505>the <00:06:20.645>kind <00:06:20.784>of <00:06:20.924>information <00:06:21.065>that <00:06:21.205>must <00:06:21.344>be <00:06:21.484>preserved

137
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<00:06:23.725>and <00:06:24.187>never <00:06:24.649>modified, <00:06:25.111>right?

138
00:06:25.565 --> 00:06:27.625
<00:06:25.565>You <00:06:25.765>don't <00:06:25.965>want <00:06:26.165>somebody <00:06:26.365>to <00:06:26.565>modify <00:06:26.765>your <00:06:26.965>contracts

139
00:06:27.845 --> 00:06:29.505
<00:06:27.845>or <00:06:28.078>your <00:06:28.311>title <00:06:28.545>to <00:06:28.778>your <00:06:29.011>house, <00:06:29.245>right?

140
00:06:30.005 --> 00:06:32.145
<00:06:30.005>And <00:06:30.132>this <00:06:30.259>is <00:06:30.386>the <00:06:30.514>kind <00:06:30.641>of <00:06:30.768>data <00:06:30.895>that <00:06:31.023>can <00:06:31.150>only <00:06:31.277>be <00:06:31.405>deleted,

141
00:06:32.165 --> 00:06:35.825
<00:06:32.165>can <00:06:32.340>never <00:06:32.515>be <00:06:32.690>deleted, <00:06:32.865>except <00:06:33.040>when <00:06:33.215>it's <00:06:33.390>obsolete, <00:06:33.565>right?

142
00:06:37.005 --> 00:06:39.105
<00:06:37.005>And <00:06:37.160>of <00:06:37.316>course, <00:06:37.471>if <00:06:37.627>someone <00:06:37.782>were <00:06:37.938>to <00:06:38.093>make <00:06:38.249>these <00:06:38.405>list

143
00:06:39.105 --> 00:06:41.185
<00:06:39.105>of <00:06:39.338>modifications <00:06:39.571>of <00:06:39.805>these <00:06:40.038>important <00:06:40.271>documents <00:06:40.505>data,

144
00:06:41.805 --> 00:06:43.945
<00:06:41.805>it <00:06:42.038>kinda <00:06:42.271>has <00:06:42.505>bad <00:06:42.738>side <00:06:42.971>effects, <00:06:43.205>right?

145
00:06:44.085 --> 00:06:47.985
<00:06:44.085>You <00:06:44.224>can <00:06:44.364>lose <00:06:44.505>assets <00:06:44.645>you <00:06:44.784>legally <00:06:44.924>exposed <00:06:45.065>and <00:06:45.205>so <00:06:45.344>forth. <00:06:45.484>Okay?

146
00:06:48.445 --> 00:06:50.105
<00:06:48.445>So, <00:06:48.724>and <00:06:49.005>the <00:06:49.284>interesting <00:06:49.565>thing <00:06:49.844>is

147
00:06:50.105 --> 00:06:52.585
<00:06:50.105>that <00:06:50.385>blockchain <00:06:50.665>traditionally <00:06:50.945>has <00:06:51.225>been <00:06:51.505>applied

148
00:06:52.605 --> 00:06:53.625
<00:06:52.605>to <00:06:53.064>ledgers, <00:06:53.523>right?

149
00:06:54.435 --> 00:06:55.745
<00:06:54.435>Blockchain <00:06:54.729>is <00:06:55.024>something <00:06:55.319>called <00:06:55.614>a

150
00:06:55.745 --> 00:06:56.905
<00:06:55.745>distributed <00:06:56.267>ledger <00:06:56.789>technology.

151
00:06:57.405 --> 00:07:01.385
<00:06:57.405>But <00:06:57.560>the <00:06:57.716>Oracle <00:06:57.871>blockchain <00:06:58.027>is <00:06:58.182>not <00:06:58.338>limited <00:06:58.493>to <00:06:58.649>ledgers, <00:06:58.804>right?

152
00:07:01.495 --> 00:07:04.145
<00:07:01.495>Because <00:07:01.650>you <00:07:01.806>can <00:07:01.961>describe <00:07:02.117>all <00:07:02.272>these <00:07:02.428>information <00:07:02.583>I <00:07:02.739>have <00:07:02.895>out

153
00:07:04.145 --> 00:07:06.305
<00:07:04.145>there, <00:07:04.344>some <00:07:04.544>of <00:07:04.745>them <00:07:04.945>are <00:07:05.145>not <00:07:05.344>ledgers, <00:07:05.544>right?

154
00:07:06.305 --> 00:07:08.305
<00:07:06.305>So <00:07:06.480>it's <00:07:06.655>a <00:07:06.830>much <00:07:07.005>more <00:07:07.180>general <00:07:07.355>purpose, <00:07:07.530>powerful <00:07:07.705>mechanism.

155
00:07:10.445 --> 00:07:14.145
<00:07:10.445>So <00:07:10.572>I <00:07:10.699>wanna <00:07:10.826>show <00:07:10.954>you <00:07:11.081>a <00:07:11.208>a <00:07:11.335>sort <00:07:11.463>of <00:07:11.590>like <00:07:11.717>some <00:07:11.844>examples.

156
00:07:14.295 --> 00:07:17.025
<00:07:14.295>It's <00:07:14.422>not <00:07:14.549>a <00:07:14.676>live <00:07:14.804>demo <00:07:14.931>to, <00:07:15.058>to <00:07:15.185>sort <00:07:15.313>of <00:07:15.440>motivate <00:07:15.567>us, <00:07:15.695>right?

157
00:07:17.605 --> 00:07:19.945
<00:07:17.605>So <00:07:17.885>here <00:07:18.165>is <00:07:18.445>SQL <00:07:18.725>sql, <00:07:19.005>right?

158
00:07:20.205 --> 00:07:22.905
<00:07:20.205>So <00:07:20.405>you <00:07:20.604>know, <00:07:20.805>you <00:07:21.005>connect <00:07:21.205>with <00:07:21.405>database, <00:07:21.604>right?

159
00:07:23.125 --> 00:07:24.345
<00:07:23.125>And <00:07:23.344>you <00:07:23.564>create <00:07:23.783>a <00:07:24.003>blockchain <00:07:24.223>table,

160
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<00:07:24.575>just <00:07:24.856>add <00:07:25.137>the <00:07:25.418>blockchain <00:07:25.700>keyword

161
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<00:07:25.965>and <00:07:26.135>then <00:07:26.307>you <00:07:26.478>have <00:07:26.649>a <00:07:26.820>blockchain <00:07:26.991>table

162
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<00:07:27.205>and <00:07:27.380>you <00:07:27.555>can <00:07:27.729>specify <00:07:27.905>some <00:07:28.080>attributes <00:07:28.255>on <00:07:28.430>it, <00:07:28.604>okay?

163
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<00:07:29.815>This <00:07:30.048>is, <00:07:30.281>you <00:07:30.515>know, <00:07:30.748>that's <00:07:30.981>it, <00:07:31.215>okay?

164
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<00:07:32.335>Then <00:07:32.462>I <00:07:32.589>can <00:07:32.716>insert <00:07:32.844>data <00:07:32.971>here, <00:07:33.098>I <00:07:33.225>connect, <00:07:33.353>I <00:07:33.480>insert <00:07:33.607>into <00:07:33.734>it,

165
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<00:07:36.205>you <00:07:36.380>know, <00:07:36.555>a <00:07:36.729>couple <00:07:36.905>rows <00:07:37.080>of <00:07:37.255>information <00:07:37.430>about <00:07:37.604>movies,

166
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<00:07:39.645>you <00:07:39.844>know, <00:07:40.044>top <00:07:40.245>gun <00:07:40.445>two <00:07:40.645>avatar, <00:07:40.844>this <00:07:41.044>is

167
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<00:07:41.425>before <00:07:41.705>avatar <00:07:41.985>two <00:07:42.265>came <00:07:42.545>out, <00:07:42.825>right?

168
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<00:07:43.965>And <00:07:44.198>this <00:07:44.431>is <00:07:44.665>all <00:07:44.898>regular <00:07:45.131>stuff, <00:07:45.365>right?

169
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<00:07:45.685>But <00:07:45.892>now <00:07:46.099>he's <00:07:46.306>into <00:07:46.513>stuff, <00:07:46.720>I'm <00:07:46.927>try

170
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<00:07:47.065>to <00:07:47.415>delete <00:07:47.765>something <00:07:48.115>right <00:07:48.465>now.

171
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<00:07:49.105>First, <00:07:49.260>notice <00:07:49.416>how <00:07:49.571>I <00:07:49.727>connect <00:07:49.882>as <00:07:50.038>the <00:07:50.193>DBA, <00:07:50.349>the <00:07:50.505>person

172
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<00:07:51.784>with <00:07:51.984>all <00:07:52.184>the <00:07:52.385>privileges <00:07:52.585>in <00:07:52.784>the <00:07:52.984>system, <00:07:53.184>right?

173
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<00:07:53.925>And <00:07:54.080>this <00:07:54.236>person <00:07:54.391>tries <00:07:54.547>to <00:07:54.702>change <00:07:54.858>the <00:07:55.013>price <00:07:55.169>on <00:07:55.325>this

174
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<00:07:57.115>order, <00:07:58.294>right?

175
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<00:07:58.805>And <00:07:58.980>then <00:07:59.155>it <00:07:59.330>gets <00:07:59.505>an <00:07:59.680>error <00:07:59.855>because <00:08:00.030>it's <00:08:00.205>prohibited.

176
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<00:08:03.465>These, <00:08:03.744>this <00:08:04.025>is <00:08:04.304>a <00:08:04.585>blockchain <00:08:04.864>table

177
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<00:08:05.395>and <00:08:05.578>it <00:08:05.762>was <00:08:05.945>a <00:08:06.129>blockchain <00:08:06.313>table.

178
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<00:08:06.715>You <00:08:06.914>could <00:08:07.114>add <00:08:07.315>data, <00:08:07.515>but <00:08:07.715>you <00:08:07.914>can <00:08:08.114>never

179
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<00:08:08.295>modify <00:08:08.761>existing <00:08:09.228>data, <00:08:09.695>right?

180
00:08:10.175 --> 00:08:12.175
<00:08:10.175>That's, <00:08:10.455>that's <00:08:10.735>the <00:08:11.015>key <00:08:11.295>attribute. <00:08:11.575>Okay?

181
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<00:08:13.515>And <00:08:13.748>so <00:08:13.981>how <00:08:14.215>does <00:08:14.448>this <00:08:14.681>work, <00:08:14.914>right?

182
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<00:08:15.995>So <00:08:16.220>a <00:08:16.445>blockchain <00:08:16.670>is <00:08:16.895>a <00:08:17.120>kind <00:08:17.345>of,

183
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<00:08:17.645>it's <00:08:17.908>called <00:08:18.171>an <00:08:18.434>immutable <00:08:18.698>table.

184
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<00:08:18.885>It's <00:08:19.078>a <00:08:19.272>table <00:08:19.465>that <00:08:19.659>you <00:08:19.852>cannot <00:08:20.046>change

185
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<00:08:20.565>that <00:08:20.765>automatically <00:08:20.965>change <00:08:21.165>new <00:08:21.365>rows <00:08:21.565>through <00:08:21.765>existing <00:08:21.965>rows.

186
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<00:08:23.635>And <00:08:23.914>it <00:08:24.195>uses <00:08:24.474>crypto <00:08:24.755>cryptographic <00:08:25.034>check

187
00:08:25.535 --> 00:08:26.935
<00:08:25.535>sums <00:08:25.850>to <00:08:26.165>do <00:08:26.480>this, <00:08:26.795>right?

188
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<00:08:27.155>And <00:08:27.354>it's <00:08:27.554>easy, <00:08:27.755>it's <00:08:27.955>simple <00:08:28.155>sq <00:08:28.354>statement, <00:08:28.554>right?

189
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<00:08:30.015>I <00:08:30.142>just <00:08:30.269>add <00:08:30.396>blockchain <00:08:30.524>to <00:08:30.651>it, <00:08:30.778>and <00:08:30.905>you <00:08:31.033>have <00:08:31.160>your <00:08:31.287>table, <00:08:31.414>right?

190
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<00:08:33.715>And <00:08:33.870>as <00:08:34.026>I've <00:08:34.181>said <00:08:34.337>before, <00:08:34.492>you <00:08:34.648>can <00:08:34.803>add <00:08:34.959>new <00:08:35.115>data,

191
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<00:08:36.075>but <00:08:36.355>existing <00:08:36.635>data <00:08:36.915>cannot <00:08:37.195>be <00:08:37.475>changed

192
00:08:37.835 --> 00:08:39.775
<00:08:37.835>or <00:08:38.068>deleted <00:08:38.301>by <00:08:38.535>anyone <00:08:38.768>using <00:08:39.001>the <00:08:39.235>database,

193
00:08:39.845 --> 00:08:42.615
<00:08:39.845>including <00:08:40.125>privileged <00:08:40.405>users <00:08:40.685>like <00:08:40.965>DBAs, <00:08:41.245>right?

194
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<00:08:43.155>And <00:08:43.294>then <00:08:43.434>a <00:08:43.574>newly <00:08:43.714>inserted <00:08:43.855>row <00:08:43.995>has <00:08:44.135>a <00:08:44.275>cryptographic <00:08:44.415>check <00:08:44.555>sum

195
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<00:08:46.935>computer <00:08:47.127>on <00:08:47.319>the <00:08:47.511>content <00:08:47.703>of <00:08:47.895>the <00:08:48.087>row.

196
00:08:48.875 --> 00:08:51.535
<00:08:48.875>And <00:08:49.015>that <00:08:49.155>also <00:08:49.295>includes <00:08:49.435>the <00:08:49.575>check <00:08:49.715>sum <00:08:49.855>from <00:08:49.995>the <00:08:50.135>previous <00:08:50.275>row.

197
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<00:08:52.035>So <00:08:52.209>that's <00:08:52.385>how <00:08:52.560>we <00:08:52.735>chain <00:08:52.910>successor <00:08:53.084>rows <00:08:53.260>together, <00:08:53.435>right?

198
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<00:08:55.275>Such <00:08:55.430>that <00:08:55.586>if <00:08:55.741>you <00:08:55.897>tamper <00:08:56.052>with <00:08:56.208>any <00:08:56.363>rules, <00:08:56.519>change <00:08:56.675>anything,

199
00:08:58.105 --> 00:09:00.485
<00:08:58.105>the <00:08:58.280>check <00:08:58.455>sums <00:08:58.630>would <00:08:58.805>never, <00:08:58.980>would <00:08:59.155>not <00:08:59.330>match <00:08:59.505>anymore.

200
00:09:00.625 --> 00:09:03.605
<00:09:00.625>And <00:09:00.825>that's <00:09:01.025>how <00:09:01.225>to <00:09:01.425>detect <00:09:01.625>a <00:09:01.825>fraudulent <00:09:02.025>update.

201
00:09:06.665 --> 00:09:10.605
<00:09:06.665>Okay? <00:09:06.898>So <00:09:07.131>now <00:09:07.365>why <00:09:07.598>is <00:09:07.831>this <00:09:08.064>useful?

202
00:09:10.755 --> 00:09:11.925
<00:09:10.755>Well, <00:09:11.106>this <00:09:11.457>is <00:09:11.808>useful

203
00:09:11.925 --> 00:09:15.045
<00:09:11.925>for <00:09:12.204>limiting <00:09:12.484>the <00:09:12.765>damage <00:09:13.045>from <00:09:13.324>unavoidable

204
00:09:15.125 --> 00:09:16.725
<00:09:15.125>vulnerabilities, <00:09:16.525>okay?

205
00:09:16.985 --> 00:09:21.645
<00:09:16.985>Notice <00:09:17.160>how <00:09:17.335>we <00:09:17.510>did <00:09:17.685>not <00:09:17.860>eliminate <00:09:18.035>the <00:09:18.210>vulnerability, <00:09:18.385>right?

206
00:09:21.945 --> 00:09:24.445
<00:09:21.945>In <00:09:22.145>that <00:09:22.345>case, <00:09:22.545>some <00:09:22.745>are <00:09:22.945>still, <00:09:23.145>um, <00:09:23.345>you,

207
00:09:24.445 --> 00:09:25.805
<00:09:24.445>you <00:09:24.751>actually, <00:09:25.057>lemme <00:09:25.363>back <00:09:25.669>up.

208
00:09:26.985 --> 00:09:28.625
<00:09:26.985>I <00:09:27.185>believe <00:09:27.385>you <00:09:27.585>can <00:09:27.785>never <00:09:27.985>eliminate <00:09:28.185>the <00:09:28.385>vulnerabilities

209
00:09:28.625 --> 00:09:31.065
<00:09:28.625>because <00:09:28.780>you <00:09:28.936>can <00:09:29.091>never <00:09:29.247>build <00:09:29.402>a <00:09:29.558>totally <00:09:29.713>secure <00:09:29.869>system, <00:09:30.025>right?

210
00:09:31.065 --> 00:09:34.305
<00:09:31.065>However, <00:09:31.240>we <00:09:31.415>can <00:09:31.590>limit <00:09:31.765>the <00:09:31.940>damage, <00:09:32.115>the <00:09:32.290>cost, <00:09:32.465>right?

211
00:09:34.525 --> 00:09:36.065
<00:09:34.525>So <00:09:34.871>the <00:09:35.218>blockchain <00:09:35.564>will <00:09:35.911>not

212
00:09:36.065 --> 00:09:37.305
<00:09:36.065>prevent <00:09:36.288>your <00:09:36.511>data <00:09:36.734>from <00:09:36.957>being <00:09:37.180>stolen.

213
00:09:37.765 --> 00:09:40.505
<00:09:37.765>Notice <00:09:37.881>how <00:09:37.998>I <00:09:38.115>can <00:09:38.231>still <00:09:38.348>look <00:09:38.465>at <00:09:38.581>the <00:09:38.698>data <00:09:38.814>in <00:09:38.931>the <00:09:39.048>table, <00:09:39.165>right?

214
00:09:40.505 --> 00:09:42.025
<00:09:40.505>If <00:09:40.657>hacker <00:09:40.809>got <00:09:40.961>through, <00:09:41.113>they <00:09:41.265>could <00:09:41.417>look <00:09:41.569>at <00:09:41.721>the <00:09:41.872>data,

215
00:09:42.575 --> 00:09:46.025
<00:09:42.575>however <00:09:42.775>it <00:09:42.975>prevents <00:09:43.175>data <00:09:43.375>from <00:09:43.575>being <00:09:43.775>changed, <00:09:43.975>okay?

216
00:09:46.025 --> 00:09:48.345
<00:09:46.025>And <00:09:46.165>that's <00:09:46.305>the <00:09:46.444>key <00:09:46.584>actually, <00:09:46.725>that's <00:09:46.865>the <00:09:47.005>key <00:09:47.145>thing, <00:09:47.285>which <00:09:47.425>is,

217
00:09:48.435 --> 00:09:50.985
<00:09:48.435>think <00:09:48.562>about <00:09:48.689>it <00:09:48.816>this <00:09:48.944>way, <00:09:49.071>I <00:09:49.198>would <00:09:49.325>hate <00:09:49.453>it <00:09:49.580>if <00:09:49.707>someone <00:09:49.834>broke

218
00:09:51.015 --> 00:09:53.065
<00:09:51.015>into <00:09:51.215>a <00:09:51.415>bank <00:09:51.615>and <00:09:51.814>saw <00:09:52.015>a <00:09:52.215>bank <00:09:52.415>account.

219
00:09:53.895 --> 00:09:55.835
<00:09:53.895>That's <00:09:54.245>bad, <00:09:54.595>right? <00:09:54.944>But <00:09:55.295>much,

220
00:09:55.835 --> 00:09:58.075
<00:09:55.835>much <00:09:55.990>worse <00:09:56.146>is <00:09:56.301>they <00:09:56.457>manage <00:09:56.612>breaking, <00:09:56.768>see <00:09:56.923>my <00:09:57.079>bank <00:09:57.235>account

221
00:09:58.075 --> 00:10:00.115
<00:09:58.075>and <00:09:58.250>change <00:09:58.425>my <00:09:58.600>bank <00:09:58.775>account <00:09:58.950>balance <00:09:59.125>and <00:09:59.300>steal <00:09:59.475>money.

222
00:10:00.945 --> 00:10:03.995
<00:10:00.945>Okay? <00:10:01.100>So <00:10:01.256>blockchain, <00:10:01.411>the <00:10:01.567>beauty <00:10:01.722>is <00:10:01.878>even <00:10:02.033>if <00:10:02.189>something <00:10:02.345>broke

223
00:10:03.995 --> 00:10:06.275
<00:10:03.995>through, <00:10:04.135>I <00:10:04.275>can <00:10:04.415>look <00:10:04.555>at <00:10:04.695>your <00:10:04.835>data, <00:10:04.975>they <00:10:05.115>cannot <00:10:05.255>change <00:10:05.395>it.

224
00:10:08.635 --> 00:10:13.565
<00:10:08.635>Okay? <00:10:08.790>So <00:10:08.946>here's <00:10:09.101>what, <00:10:09.257>um, <00:10:09.412>here's <00:10:09.568>how <00:10:09.723>we <00:10:09.879>can <00:10:10.035>verify

225
00:10:13.565 --> 00:10:14.925
<00:10:13.565>that, <00:10:13.769>that <00:10:13.973>the <00:10:14.177>row <00:10:14.381>is <00:10:14.585>correct, <00:10:14.789>right?

226
00:10:15.265 --> 00:10:18.525
<00:10:15.265>So <00:10:15.420>we <00:10:15.576>have <00:10:15.731>a <00:10:15.887>building <00:10:16.042>store <00:10:16.198>procedure <00:10:16.353>they <00:10:16.509>can <00:10:16.665>call

227
00:10:18.525 --> 00:10:20.165
<00:10:18.525>to <00:10:18.725>verify <00:10:18.925>all <00:10:19.125>the <00:10:19.324>rows <00:10:19.525>in <00:10:19.725>the <00:10:19.925>database

228
00:10:20.385 --> 00:10:22.645
<00:10:20.385>and <00:10:20.540>just <00:10:20.696>says <00:10:20.851>that <00:10:21.007>has <00:10:21.162>anything <00:10:21.318>to <00:10:21.473>be <00:10:21.629>tampered <00:10:21.785>with.

229
00:10:22.795 --> 00:10:24.445
<00:10:22.795>What <00:10:22.969>it <00:10:23.145>does <00:10:23.319>actually <00:10:23.495>goes <00:10:23.670>to <00:10:23.844>row <00:10:24.020>by <00:10:24.194>row

230
00:10:24.785 --> 00:10:27.805
<00:10:24.785>and <00:10:24.959>computes, <00:10:25.135>re <00:10:25.310>computes <00:10:25.485>all <00:10:25.660>the <00:10:25.834>cryptographic <00:10:26.010>check <00:10:26.185>sums

231
00:10:27.905 --> 00:10:30.685
<00:10:27.905>and <00:10:28.079>rif <00:10:28.255>verify <00:10:28.430>them <00:10:28.605>against <00:10:28.780>the <00:10:28.954>cryptographic <00:10:29.130>checks <00:10:29.305>sum

232
00:10:30.685 --> 00:10:32.725
<00:10:30.685>stored <00:10:30.824>in <00:10:30.964>the <00:10:31.104>rows <00:10:31.244>to <00:10:31.385>make <00:10:31.525>sure <00:10:31.665>that <00:10:31.805>they're <00:10:31.944>the <00:10:32.084>same.

233
00:10:32.825 --> 00:10:34.645
<00:10:32.825>And <00:10:33.000>that <00:10:33.175>data <00:10:33.350>has <00:10:33.525>not <00:10:33.700>been <00:10:33.875>tamed <00:10:34.050>with, <00:10:34.225>okay?

234
00:10:34.645 --> 00:10:36.915
<00:10:34.645>So <00:10:34.878>this <00:10:35.111>is <00:10:35.345>easy <00:10:35.578>to <00:10:35.811>do, <00:10:36.045>okay?

235
00:10:37.215 --> 00:10:39.475
<00:10:37.215>Now <00:10:37.448>there's <00:10:37.681>a <00:10:37.915>problem <00:10:38.148>with <00:10:38.381>this, <00:10:38.615>right?

236
00:10:39.655 --> 00:10:41.515
<00:10:39.655>The <00:10:39.810>problem <00:10:39.966>is, <00:10:40.121>is <00:10:40.277>that <00:10:40.432>you, <00:10:40.588>you <00:10:40.743>asking <00:10:40.899>the <00:10:41.055>database

237
00:10:41.575 --> 00:10:44.595
<00:10:41.575>to <00:10:41.775>verify <00:10:41.975>the <00:10:42.175>content <00:10:42.375>of <00:10:42.575>the <00:10:42.775>database, <00:10:42.975>right?

238
00:10:45.795 --> 00:10:48.015
<00:10:45.795>You <00:10:45.950>know, <00:10:46.106>what <00:10:46.261>if <00:10:46.417>the <00:10:46.572>database <00:10:46.728>software <00:10:46.883>itself <00:10:47.039>has <00:10:47.194>been

239
00:10:48.015 --> 00:10:49.615
<00:10:48.015>hacked, <00:10:48.365>such <00:10:48.715>as <00:10:49.064>the <00:10:49.415>code

240
00:10:49.615 --> 00:10:53.215
<00:10:49.615>that <00:10:49.848>enforces <00:10:50.081>immutability <00:10:50.315>has <00:10:50.548>been <00:10:50.781>bypassed, <00:10:51.015>right?

241
00:10:53.885 --> 00:10:55.655
<00:10:53.885>Okay, <00:10:54.235>now <00:10:54.585>that's <00:10:54.935>very <00:10:55.285>unlikely.

242
00:10:55.755 --> 00:10:57.175
<00:10:55.755>But <00:10:55.968>again, <00:10:56.181>what <00:10:56.394>if, <00:10:56.607>what <00:10:56.819>if, <00:10:57.032>right?

243
00:10:57.175 --> 00:10:58.255
<00:10:57.175>And <00:10:57.418>that's, <00:10:57.661>that's, <00:10:57.904>it's <00:10:58.146>important

244
00:10:58.255 --> 00:10:59.695
<00:10:58.255>to <00:10:58.471>think <00:10:58.687>about <00:10:58.903>this <00:10:59.119>what <00:10:59.335>ifs, <00:10:59.551>right?

245
00:11:00.155 --> 00:11:04.215
<00:11:00.155>So <00:11:00.355>actually, <00:11:00.555>lemme <00:11:00.755>back <00:11:00.954>up, <00:11:01.155>yes? <00:11:01.355>Okay, <00:11:01.555>sure.

246
00:11:04.555 --> 00:11:07.175
<00:11:04.555>So <00:11:04.682>here's <00:11:04.809>an <00:11:04.936>example. <00:11:05.064>You <00:11:05.191>know, <00:11:05.318>what <00:11:05.445>if <00:11:05.573>a <00:11:05.700>hacker <00:11:05.827>managed <00:11:05.954>to

247
00:11:09.435 --> 00:11:12.975
<00:11:09.435>change <00:11:09.668>the <00:11:09.901>data <00:11:10.135>underneath <00:11:10.368>the <00:11:10.601>database, <00:11:10.834>right?

248
00:11:12.975 --> 00:11:15.415
<00:11:12.975>So <00:11:13.130>in <00:11:13.286>this <00:11:13.441>case <00:11:13.597>they <00:11:13.752>couldn't <00:11:13.908>hack <00:11:14.063>the <00:11:14.219>database <00:11:14.375>code

249
00:11:15.415 --> 00:11:16.615
<00:11:15.415>because <00:11:15.631>it's <00:11:15.847>just <00:11:16.063>hard <00:11:16.279>to <00:11:16.495>do.

250
00:11:16.715 --> 00:11:19.175
<00:11:16.715>But <00:11:16.842>what <00:11:16.969>if <00:11:17.096>they <00:11:17.224>actually <00:11:17.351>got <00:11:17.478>in <00:11:17.605>these, <00:11:17.733>the <00:11:17.860>system <00:11:17.987>they <00:11:18.115>got,

251
00:11:19.395 --> 00:11:21.775
<00:11:19.395>got <00:11:19.550>access <00:11:19.706>to <00:11:19.861>the <00:11:20.017>physical <00:11:20.172>disk <00:11:20.328>drives <00:11:20.483>of <00:11:20.639>flash <00:11:20.795>devices

252
00:11:22.195 --> 00:11:24.695
<00:11:22.195>and <00:11:22.370>managed <00:11:22.545>to <00:11:22.720>change <00:11:22.895>the <00:11:23.070>data <00:11:23.245>on <00:11:23.420>the <00:11:23.595>storage.

253
00:11:25.325 --> 00:11:28.015
<00:11:25.325>Okay? <00:11:25.500>So <00:11:25.675>notice <00:11:25.850>how <00:11:26.025>in <00:11:26.200>the <00:11:26.375>yellow <00:11:26.550>is <00:11:26.725>some

254
00:11:28.215 --> 00:11:29.735
<00:11:28.215>of <00:11:28.443>these <00:11:28.671>magical <00:11:28.899>steps <00:11:29.127>that <00:11:29.355>they <00:11:29.583>did

255
00:11:30.235 --> 00:11:31.335
<00:11:30.235>to <00:11:30.482>change <00:11:30.730>the <00:11:30.977>data, <00:11:31.225>right?

256
00:11:31.805 --> 00:11:34.855
<00:11:31.805>Well, <00:11:31.932>now <00:11:32.059>if <00:11:32.186>I <00:11:32.314>do <00:11:32.441>a <00:11:32.568>select <00:11:32.695>again, <00:11:32.823>the <00:11:32.950>price <00:11:33.077>has <00:11:33.204>changed.

257
00:11:34.955 --> 00:11:36.295
<00:11:34.955>So <00:11:35.105>I <00:11:35.256>can <00:11:35.407>see <00:11:35.558>the <00:11:35.708>data <00:11:35.859>has <00:11:36.010>been <00:11:36.161>changed,

258
00:11:36.315 --> 00:11:37.895
<00:11:36.315>has <00:11:36.781>been <00:11:37.248>hacked, <00:11:37.715>okay?

259
00:11:39.535 --> 00:11:42.355
<00:11:39.535>So <00:11:39.709>if <00:11:39.885>I <00:11:40.060>run <00:11:40.235>the <00:11:40.410>verify <00:11:40.584>rose <00:11:40.760>procedure, <00:11:40.935>again,

260
00:11:42.495 --> 00:11:45.755
<00:11:42.495>it <00:11:42.635>would <00:11:42.775>detect <00:11:42.915>the <00:11:43.055>fact <00:11:43.195>that <00:11:43.335>gee, <00:11:43.475>the <00:11:43.615>data <00:11:43.755>is <00:11:43.895>wrong.

261
00:11:47.185 --> 00:11:50.555
<00:11:47.185>Okay? <00:11:47.359>Verification <00:11:47.535>failed <00:11:47.709>that <00:11:47.885>this <00:11:48.060>row <00:11:48.234>is <00:11:48.410>bad, <00:11:48.584>okay?

262
00:11:50.615 --> 00:11:52.995
<00:11:50.615>So <00:11:50.848>we <00:11:51.081>actually <00:11:51.315>detected <00:11:51.548>the <00:11:51.781>tampering, <00:11:52.015>okay?

263
00:11:53.905 --> 00:11:55.765
<00:11:53.905>And <00:11:54.045>then <00:11:54.185>you <00:11:54.324>can <00:11:54.464>find <00:11:54.605>the <00:11:54.745>road <00:11:54.885>that <00:11:55.025>was <00:11:55.165>tempered <00:11:55.305>with,

264
00:11:55.785 --> 00:11:57.325
<00:11:55.785>and <00:11:55.958>you <00:11:56.131>can <00:11:56.304>see <00:11:56.478>indeed <00:11:56.651>the <00:11:56.824>data <00:11:56.997>has <00:11:57.171>changed.

265
00:11:57.585 --> 00:12:00.925
<00:11:57.585>It <00:11:57.712>was <00:11:57.839>used <00:11:57.966>to <00:11:58.094>be <00:11:58.221>point <00:11:58.348>you <00:11:58.475>one, <00:11:58.603>now <00:11:58.730>it's <00:11:58.857>0.1. <00:11:58.985>Okay?

266
00:12:02.385 --> 00:12:04.325
<00:12:02.385>Now, <00:12:02.540>so <00:12:02.696>that <00:12:02.851>was, <00:12:03.007>that <00:12:03.162>was <00:12:03.318>a <00:12:03.473>case, <00:12:03.629>I'm <00:12:03.785>sorry.

267
00:12:04.465 --> 00:12:07.325
<00:12:04.465>So <00:12:04.605>this <00:12:04.745>is <00:12:04.885>a <00:12:05.025>case <00:12:05.165>of <00:12:05.305>someone <00:12:05.445>hacking <00:12:05.585>to <00:12:05.725>the <00:12:05.865>system

268
00:12:07.745 --> 00:12:09.005
<00:12:07.745>and <00:12:07.971>it <00:12:08.198>needs <00:12:08.425>the <00:12:08.652>database <00:12:08.879>software

269
00:12:09.425 --> 00:12:12.365
<00:12:09.425>and <00:12:09.580>tempered <00:12:09.736>with <00:12:09.891>contents <00:12:10.047>on <00:12:10.202>disc <00:12:10.358>and <00:12:10.513>we <00:12:10.669>detected <00:12:10.824>it.

270
00:12:12.475 --> 00:12:13.925
<00:12:12.475>Okay? <00:12:12.736>That's <00:12:12.997>a <00:12:13.258>good <00:12:13.519>thing, <00:12:13.780>right?

271
00:12:14.185 --> 00:12:16.165
<00:12:14.185>But <00:12:14.340>again, <00:12:14.496>the <00:12:14.651>thing <00:12:14.807>is <00:12:14.962>that <00:12:15.118>said <00:12:15.273>that <00:12:15.429>the <00:12:15.584>thing

272
00:12:16.165 --> 00:12:17.965
<00:12:16.165>that <00:12:16.398>detected <00:12:16.631>is <00:12:16.865>actually <00:12:17.098>a <00:12:17.331>database <00:12:17.564>itself

273
00:12:17.965 --> 00:12:19.165
<00:12:17.965>detecting <00:12:18.505>it <00:12:19.045>right?

274
00:12:19.665 --> 00:12:23.045
<00:12:19.665>Now, <00:12:19.820>what <00:12:19.976>if <00:12:20.131>I <00:12:20.287>don't <00:12:20.442>trust <00:12:20.598>the <00:12:20.753>Oracle <00:12:20.909>software, <00:12:21.064>right?

275
00:12:23.195 --> 00:12:25.405
<00:12:23.195>What <00:12:23.428>if <00:12:23.661>the <00:12:23.895>hacker <00:12:24.128>even <00:12:24.361>smarter <00:12:24.595>than

276
00:12:25.405 --> 00:12:26.445
<00:12:25.405>that <00:12:25.592>and <00:12:25.779>actually <00:12:25.966>manage <00:12:26.153>the <00:12:26.341>hack?

277
00:12:26.445 --> 00:12:28.205
<00:12:26.445>The <00:12:26.795>Oracle <00:12:27.145>software <00:12:27.495>itself, <00:12:27.845>such

278
00:12:28.205 --> 00:12:30.805
<00:12:28.205>as <00:12:28.405>the <00:12:28.605>verification <00:12:28.805>routine <00:12:29.005>is <00:12:29.205>just <00:12:29.405>lying, <00:12:29.605>right?

279
00:12:32.345 --> 00:12:35.165
<00:12:32.345>To <00:12:32.500>solve <00:12:32.656>that <00:12:32.811>problem. <00:12:32.967>What <00:12:33.122>we've <00:12:33.278>done <00:12:33.433>is <00:12:33.589>actually <00:12:33.745>publish

280
00:12:35.185 --> 00:12:39.005
<00:12:35.185>the <00:12:35.340>algorithms <00:12:35.496>as <00:12:35.651>sample <00:12:35.807>code <00:12:35.962>in <00:12:36.118>open <00:12:36.273>source <00:12:36.429>format <00:12:36.584>so

281
00:12:39.005 --> 00:12:41.285
<00:12:39.005>that <00:12:39.238>you <00:12:39.471>can <00:12:39.705>independently <00:12:39.938>verify <00:12:40.171>the <00:12:40.405>contents

282
00:12:41.285 --> 00:12:44.245
<00:12:41.285>of <00:12:41.485>the <00:12:41.685>blockchain <00:12:41.885>without <00:12:42.084>going <00:12:42.285>to <00:12:42.485>the <00:12:42.685>database.

283
00:12:44.745 --> 00:12:47.925
<00:12:44.745>You <00:12:44.872>can <00:12:44.999>just <00:12:45.126>fish <00:12:45.254>all <00:12:45.381>the <00:12:45.508>data <00:12:45.635>out, <00:12:45.763>compute <00:12:45.890>the <00:12:46.017>the <00:12:46.145>checks,

284
00:12:47.925 --> 00:12:50.965
<00:12:47.925>sum <00:12:48.125>yourself <00:12:48.324>and, <00:12:48.525>and <00:12:48.724>make <00:12:48.925>sure <00:12:49.125>it's <00:12:49.324>consistent.

285
00:12:51.355 --> 00:12:53.245
<00:12:51.355>Okay? <00:12:51.510>Since <00:12:51.666>the <00:12:51.821>code <00:12:51.977>is <00:12:52.132>out <00:12:52.288>in <00:12:52.443>the <00:12:52.599>open <00:12:52.755>source,

286
00:12:53.275 --> 00:12:54.405
<00:12:53.275>everybody <00:12:53.529>can <00:12:53.783>get <00:12:54.037>to <00:12:54.291>it.

287
00:12:54.585 --> 00:12:55.645
<00:12:54.585>And <00:12:55.062>so <00:12:55.539>that's

288
00:12:55.645 --> 00:12:57.805
<00:12:55.645>how <00:12:55.845>you <00:12:56.045>can <00:12:56.245>detect <00:12:56.444>tampering <00:12:56.645>independent <00:12:56.845>of <00:12:57.045>software.

289
00:12:57.805 --> 00:12:59.085
<00:12:57.805>And <00:12:57.969>that's <00:12:58.134>actually <00:12:58.298>a <00:12:58.463>good <00:12:58.627>check <00:12:58.792>on <00:12:58.957>the

290
00:12:59.085 --> 00:13:00.125
<00:12:59.085>integrity <00:12:59.397>of <00:12:59.709>the <00:13:00.021>database.

291
00:13:00.675 --> 00:13:03.025
<00:13:00.675>Okay? <00:13:01.025>And <00:13:01.375>of <00:13:01.724>course, <00:13:02.074>some

292
00:13:03.025 --> 00:13:04.625
<00:13:03.025>of <00:13:03.258>these <00:13:03.491>interesting <00:13:03.725>things <00:13:03.958>are <00:13:04.191>the <00:13:04.425>Oracle

293
00:13:04.625 --> 00:13:05.785
<00:13:04.625>blockchain <00:13:04.973>are <00:13:05.321>very <00:13:05.669>fast.

294
00:13:06.265 --> 00:13:07.545
<00:13:06.265>'cause <00:13:06.429>it <00:13:06.594>is <00:13:06.758>a <00:13:06.923>feature <00:13:07.087>of <00:13:07.252>the <00:13:07.416>database.

295
00:13:07.925 --> 00:13:09.385
<00:13:07.925>It <00:13:08.253>runs <00:13:08.582>like, <00:13:08.910>you <00:13:09.239>know,

296
00:13:10.025 --> 00:13:12.305
<00:13:10.025>multiple <00:13:10.305>times <00:13:10.584>faster <00:13:10.865>than <00:13:11.145>conventional <00:13:11.425>blockchains

297
00:13:13.005 --> 00:13:14.665
<00:13:13.005>and <00:13:13.285>it <00:13:13.564>requires <00:13:13.845>no <00:13:14.125>application <00:13:14.405>changes.

298
00:13:15.365 --> 00:13:17.345
<00:13:15.365>Notice <00:13:15.540>how, <00:13:15.715>in <00:13:15.890>the <00:13:16.065>examples <00:13:16.240>that <00:13:16.415>I <00:13:16.590>gave <00:13:16.765>you,

299
00:13:17.705 --> 00:13:21.465
<00:13:17.705>I <00:13:17.880>was <00:13:18.055>using <00:13:18.230>standard <00:13:18.405>SQL <00:13:18.580>to <00:13:18.755>insert <00:13:18.930>up <00:13:19.105>insert

300
00:13:21.845 --> 00:13:23.305
<00:13:21.845>and <00:13:22.064>try <00:13:22.283>to <00:13:22.502>up, <00:13:22.721>try <00:13:22.939>to <00:13:23.159>update,

301
00:13:23.325 --> 00:13:25.825
<00:13:23.325>but <00:13:23.558>failed <00:13:23.791>the <00:13:24.025>database, <00:13:24.258>the <00:13:24.491>data, <00:13:24.725>right?

302
00:13:26.685 --> 00:13:29.545
<00:13:26.685>And <00:13:26.840>of <00:13:26.996>course, <00:13:27.151>since <00:13:27.307>the <00:13:27.462>data <00:13:27.618>is <00:13:27.773>storing <00:13:27.929>relational <00:13:28.084>tables,

303
00:13:29.805 --> 00:13:31.505
<00:13:29.805>it <00:13:30.084>is <00:13:30.364>supports <00:13:30.645>all <00:13:30.925>the <00:13:31.204>analytics

304
00:13:31.525 --> 00:13:35.025
<00:13:31.525>and <00:13:31.699>transactional <00:13:31.875>as, <00:13:32.050>as <00:13:32.225>tr <00:13:32.400>you <00:13:32.574>know, <00:13:32.750>database <00:13:32.925>data.

305
00:13:35.805 --> 00:13:38.855
<00:13:35.805>Okay? <00:13:35.944>So, <00:13:36.084>so <00:13:36.224>I <00:13:36.364>think <00:13:36.505>this <00:13:36.645>is <00:13:36.785>actually <00:13:36.925>a <00:13:37.064>very <00:13:37.204>interesting

306
00:13:38.855 --> 00:13:40.815
<00:13:38.855>point, <00:13:39.030>which <00:13:39.205>is <00:13:39.380>that <00:13:39.555>we've <00:13:39.730>made <00:13:39.905>the <00:13:40.080>blocking <00:13:40.255>ability

307
00:13:40.815 --> 00:13:44.015
<00:13:40.815>available <00:13:41.015>through <00:13:41.215>standard <00:13:41.415>SQL <00:13:41.615>that <00:13:41.815>everybody <00:13:42.015>knows <00:13:42.215>how

308
00:13:44.135 --> 00:13:46.915
<00:13:44.135>to <00:13:44.835>use, <00:13:45.535>okay?

309
00:13:47.135 --> 00:13:49.475
<00:13:47.135>So <00:13:47.275>I <00:13:47.415>sort <00:13:47.555>of <00:13:47.694>described <00:13:47.835>this <00:13:47.975>the <00:13:48.115>simple <00:13:48.255>hack <00:13:48.395>case. <00:13:48.535>Right?

310
00:13:49.895 --> 00:13:51.755
<00:13:49.895>Now <00:13:50.050>with <00:13:50.206>any <00:13:50.361>kind <00:13:50.517>of <00:13:50.672>this <00:13:50.828>kind <00:13:50.983>of <00:13:51.139>security <00:13:51.295>stuff,

311
00:13:51.755 --> 00:13:53.675
<00:13:51.755>you <00:13:51.882>always <00:13:52.009>have <00:13:52.136>to <00:13:52.264>wonder <00:13:52.391>what <00:13:52.518>if, <00:13:52.645>what <00:13:52.773>if, <00:13:52.900>what <00:13:53.027>if, <00:13:53.155>right?

312
00:13:54.255 --> 00:13:57.075
<00:13:54.255>You <00:13:54.410>know, <00:13:54.566>you <00:13:54.721>know, <00:13:54.877>how <00:13:55.032>do <00:13:55.188>we <00:13:55.343>detect <00:13:55.499>a <00:13:55.655>coverup

313
00:13:57.075 --> 00:13:59.155
<00:13:57.075>of <00:13:57.425>illicit <00:13:57.775>changes <00:13:58.125>by <00:13:58.475>authorities

314
00:13:59.215 --> 00:14:01.635
<00:13:59.215>or <00:13:59.565>very <00:13:59.915>sophisticated <00:14:00.265>hackers, <00:14:00.615>right?

315
00:14:02.745 --> 00:14:07.245
<00:14:02.745>So <00:14:02.885>what <00:14:03.025>if, <00:14:03.165>I <00:14:03.305>mean, <00:14:03.445>the <00:14:03.585>things <00:14:03.725>I <00:14:03.865>talked <00:14:04.005>about <00:14:04.145>are

316
00:14:07.835 --> 00:14:10.725
<00:14:07.835>what <00:14:08.035>if <00:14:08.235>someone <00:14:08.435>took <00:14:08.635>over <00:14:08.835>the <00:14:09.035>entire <00:14:09.235>database,

317
00:14:11.145 --> 00:14:13.205
<00:14:11.145>the <00:14:11.378>entire <00:14:11.611>database <00:14:11.845>of <00:14:12.078>servers, <00:14:12.311>networking, <00:14:12.545>everything,

318
00:14:13.465 --> 00:14:15.685
<00:14:13.465>and <00:14:13.640>then <00:14:13.815>rewrote <00:14:13.990>all <00:14:14.165>the <00:14:14.340>data <00:14:14.515>from <00:14:14.690>time <00:14:14.865>zero

319
00:14:15.985 --> 00:14:18.005
<00:14:15.985>and <00:14:16.125>re <00:14:16.265>computed <00:14:16.405>all <00:14:16.545>the <00:14:16.685>checks <00:14:16.825>sums <00:14:16.965>from <00:14:17.105>the <00:14:17.245>very <00:14:17.385>beginning

320
00:14:18.505 --> 00:14:20.045
<00:14:18.505>and <00:14:18.736>tamper <00:14:18.967>was <00:14:19.198>data <00:14:19.429>along <00:14:19.660>the <00:14:19.891>way

321
00:14:20.105 --> 00:14:22.445
<00:14:20.105>and <00:14:20.305>re <00:14:20.505>computed <00:14:20.705>all <00:14:20.905>the <00:14:21.105>checks <00:14:21.305>sums, <00:14:21.505>okay?

322
00:14:22.665 --> 00:14:25.365
<00:14:22.665>Now <00:14:22.865>you <00:14:23.064>can't <00:14:23.265>tell <00:14:23.464>that <00:14:23.665>something's <00:14:23.865>wrong, <00:14:24.064>right?

323
00:14:26.385 --> 00:14:28.125
<00:14:26.385>And <00:14:26.735>so <00:14:27.085>this <00:14:27.435>is <00:14:27.785>farfetched,

324
00:14:28.185 --> 00:14:30.005
<00:14:28.185>but <00:14:28.359>again, <00:14:28.535>you <00:14:28.709>have <00:14:28.885>to, <00:14:29.060>you <00:14:29.234>have <00:14:29.410>to <00:14:29.584>account

325
00:14:30.005 --> 00:14:31.125
<00:14:30.005>for <00:14:30.341>these <00:14:30.677>scenarios, <00:14:31.013>right?

326
00:14:31.585 --> 00:14:33.725
<00:14:31.585>So <00:14:31.760>it <00:14:31.935>might <00:14:32.110>be <00:14:32.285>that <00:14:32.460>the <00:14:32.635>CEO <00:14:32.810>is <00:14:32.985>corrupt

327
00:14:35.185 --> 00:14:38.645
<00:14:35.185>or <00:14:35.359>whatever <00:14:35.535>as <00:14:35.709>that <00:14:35.885>change <00:14:36.060>all <00:14:36.234>the <00:14:36.410>data, <00:14:36.584>right?

328
00:14:39.065 --> 00:14:42.005
<00:14:39.065>Or <00:14:39.205>you <00:14:39.345>can <00:14:39.485>imagine <00:14:39.625>a <00:14:39.765>totalitarian <00:14:39.905>state <00:14:40.045>and <00:14:40.185>so <00:14:40.325>forth, <00:14:40.465>right?

329
00:14:42.185 --> 00:14:44.325
<00:14:42.185>Or <00:14:42.359>it's <00:14:42.535>a <00:14:42.709>physical <00:14:42.885>cyber <00:14:43.060>card <00:14:43.234>organization <00:14:43.410>that <00:14:43.584>deletes

330
00:14:44.345 --> 00:14:46.205
<00:14:44.345>and <00:14:44.625>rewrites <00:14:44.905>all <00:14:45.185>the <00:14:45.465>data, <00:14:45.745>right?

331
00:14:48.025 --> 00:14:50.045
<00:14:48.025>So <00:14:48.258>the <00:14:48.491>way <00:14:48.725>we <00:14:48.958>detect <00:14:49.191>this <00:14:49.425>is

332
00:14:50.045 --> 00:14:51.485
<00:14:50.045>by <00:14:50.477>using <00:14:50.909>distribution <00:14:51.341>capabilities,

333
00:14:51.615 --> 00:14:54.085
<00:14:51.615>which <00:14:51.895>we <00:14:52.175>distribute <00:14:52.455>the <00:14:52.735>blockchain <00:14:53.015>digest

334
00:14:54.085 --> 00:14:55.805
<00:14:54.085>that <00:14:54.551>we <00:14:55.018>calculated, <00:14:55.485>right?

335
00:14:56.345 --> 00:15:00.365
<00:14:56.345>So <00:14:56.578>When <00:14:56.811>we <00:14:57.045>compute <00:14:57.278>these <00:14:57.511>cryptographic <00:14:57.745>digests,

336
00:15:00.505 --> 00:15:01.525
<00:15:00.505>you <00:15:00.734>can <00:15:00.964>actually <00:15:01.193>return <00:15:01.423>them

337
00:15:01.525 --> 00:15:03.325
<00:15:01.525>to <00:15:01.805>the <00:15:02.084>application, <00:15:02.365>to <00:15:02.645>the <00:15:02.925>application.

338
00:15:03.325 --> 00:15:05.165
<00:15:03.325>Can <00:15:03.558>I <00:15:03.791>just <00:15:04.025>send <00:15:04.258>them <00:15:04.491>out <00:15:04.725>massively

339
00:15:05.165 --> 00:15:06.805
<00:15:05.165>to <00:15:05.631>external <00:15:06.098>sources, <00:15:06.564>right?

340
00:15:06.905 --> 00:15:09.485
<00:15:06.905>So <00:15:07.045>if <00:15:07.185>from <00:15:07.324>an <00:15:07.464>example <00:15:07.605>would <00:15:07.745>be <00:15:07.885>send <00:15:08.025>it <00:15:08.165>to <00:15:08.305>Twitter

341
00:15:09.865 --> 00:15:11.285
<00:15:09.865>or <00:15:10.047>I <00:15:10.230>guess <00:15:10.412>it's <00:15:10.595>called <00:15:10.777>X <00:15:10.960>now, <00:15:11.143>right?

342
00:15:11.585 --> 00:15:13.485
<00:15:11.585>Uh, <00:15:11.818>such <00:15:12.051>that <00:15:12.285>it's <00:15:12.518>some <00:15:12.751>external <00:15:12.985>content

343
00:15:13.715 --> 00:15:14.885
<00:15:13.715>that <00:15:13.978>everybody <00:15:14.241>can <00:15:14.504>look <00:15:14.768>at,

344
00:15:15.025 --> 00:15:16.445
<00:15:15.025>but <00:15:15.238>that <00:15:15.451>you <00:15:15.664>yourself <00:15:15.877>cannot <00:15:16.090>go <00:15:16.303>back

345
00:15:16.445 --> 00:15:17.445
<00:15:16.445>and <00:15:16.745>change <00:15:17.045>again, <00:15:17.345>right?

346
00:15:17.445 --> 00:15:20.285
<00:15:17.445>Twitter, <00:15:17.600>Facebook, <00:15:17.756>by <00:15:17.911>email <00:15:18.067>to <00:15:18.222>your <00:15:18.378>friends, <00:15:18.533>to <00:15:18.689>your <00:15:18.845>enemies

347
00:15:20.305 --> 00:15:21.485
<00:15:20.305>and <00:15:20.659>so <00:15:21.013>forth, <00:15:21.367>right?

348
00:15:22.345 --> 00:15:25.925
<00:15:22.345>And <00:15:22.500>then <00:15:22.656>you <00:15:22.811>can <00:15:22.967>distribute <00:15:23.122>these, <00:15:23.278>these <00:15:23.433>digests, <00:15:23.589>you <00:15:23.745>know,

349
00:15:25.925 --> 00:15:28.725
<00:15:25.925>periodically <00:15:26.125>like <00:15:26.324>every <00:15:26.525>minute, <00:15:26.724>every <00:15:26.925>five <00:15:27.125>minutes <00:15:27.324>or

350
00:15:29.005 --> 00:15:31.565
<00:15:29.005>whenever <00:15:29.180>important <00:15:29.355>data <00:15:29.530>is <00:15:29.705>added <00:15:29.880>to <00:15:30.055>the <00:15:30.230>database, <00:15:30.405>right?

351
00:15:32.225 --> 00:15:33.885
<00:15:32.225>And <00:15:32.458>it's <00:15:32.691>actually <00:15:32.925>safe <00:15:33.158>to <00:15:33.391>do <00:15:33.625>this

352
00:15:33.885 --> 00:15:35.045
<00:15:33.885>because <00:15:34.929>computing,

353
00:15:35.045 --> 00:15:37.045
<00:15:35.045>the <00:15:35.245>cryptographic <00:15:35.444>digest <00:15:35.645>is <00:15:35.844>a <00:15:36.045>one <00:15:36.245>way <00:15:36.444>operation.

354
00:15:37.345 --> 00:15:40.285
<00:15:37.345>So <00:15:37.520>from <00:15:37.695>a <00:15:37.870>cryptographic <00:15:38.045>digest, <00:15:38.220>you <00:15:38.395>cannot <00:15:38.570>reverse <00:15:38.745>engineer

355
00:15:40.285 --> 00:15:41.965
<00:15:40.285>what <00:15:40.485>the <00:15:40.685>content <00:15:40.885>of <00:15:41.084>the <00:15:41.285>roles <00:15:41.485>actually <00:15:41.685>work.

356
00:15:42.145 --> 00:15:43.365
<00:15:42.145>So <00:15:42.511>it's <00:15:42.877>private, <00:15:43.243>okay?

357
00:15:43.385 --> 00:15:47.095
<00:15:43.385>So <00:15:43.501>you <00:15:43.618>can <00:15:43.735>send <00:15:43.851>this <00:15:43.968>out <00:15:44.085>and <00:15:44.201>then <00:15:44.318>once <00:15:44.435>you've <00:15:44.551>sent <00:15:44.668>this <00:15:44.785>out

358
00:15:47.095 --> 00:15:49.455
<00:15:47.095>there, <00:15:47.295>then <00:15:47.495>if <00:15:47.695>someone <00:15:47.895>did <00:15:48.095>a <00:15:48.295>massive <00:15:48.495>coverup,

359
00:15:49.995 --> 00:15:52.015
<00:15:49.995>the <00:15:50.228>cryptographic <00:15:50.461>digest <00:15:50.695>would <00:15:50.928>no <00:15:51.161>longer <00:15:51.395>match

360
00:15:52.075 --> 00:15:53.095
<00:15:52.075>was <00:15:52.534>previously <00:15:52.993>published.

361
00:15:53.955 --> 00:15:55.895
<00:15:53.955>And <00:15:54.130>that's <00:15:54.305>how <00:15:54.480>you <00:15:54.655>can <00:15:54.830>detect <00:15:55.005>a <00:15:55.180>massive <00:15:55.355>coverup.

362
00:15:56.725 --> 00:16:00.665
<00:15:56.725>Okay? <00:15:57.005>Alright. <00:15:57.285>So, <00:15:57.565>uh, <00:15:57.845>let's <00:15:58.125>see.

363
00:16:00.665 --> 00:16:03.545
<00:16:00.665>Now <00:16:00.865>see <00:16:01.064>again, <00:16:01.265>there's <00:16:01.464>some <00:16:01.665>additional <00:16:01.865>functionality <00:16:02.064>like,

364
00:16:03.545 --> 00:16:05.025
<00:16:03.545>you <00:16:03.766>know, <00:16:03.988>how <00:16:04.211>do <00:16:04.433>we <00:16:04.655>prevent <00:16:04.877>data

365
00:16:05.025 --> 00:16:06.625
<00:16:05.025>falsification <00:16:05.725>by <00:16:06.425>impersonators?

366
00:16:07.015 --> 00:16:09.065
<00:16:07.015>Okay? <00:16:07.155>Notice <00:16:07.295>how <00:16:07.435>I <00:16:07.574>talk <00:16:07.715>about <00:16:07.855>a <00:16:07.995>lot <00:16:08.135>of <00:16:08.275>what <00:16:08.415>ifs.

367
00:16:09.345 --> 00:16:11.225
<00:16:09.345>'cause <00:16:09.472>this <00:16:09.599>is <00:16:09.726>the <00:16:09.854>kind <00:16:09.981>of <00:16:10.108>scenario <00:16:10.235>analysis <00:16:10.363>you <00:16:10.490>have <00:16:10.617>to <00:16:10.745>do

368
00:16:11.225 --> 00:16:13.225
<00:16:11.225>to <00:16:11.425>make <00:16:11.625>sure <00:16:11.825>that <00:16:12.025>something <00:16:12.225>is <00:16:12.425>secure, <00:16:12.625>right?

369
00:16:14.205 --> 00:16:16.985
<00:16:14.205>So <00:16:14.360>what <00:16:14.516>if <00:16:14.671>you <00:16:14.827>know, <00:16:14.982>someone <00:16:15.138>pretended <00:16:15.293>to <00:16:15.449>be <00:16:15.605>me

370
00:16:17.165 --> 00:16:18.785
<00:16:17.165>and <00:16:17.515>added <00:16:17.865>the <00:16:18.214>data, <00:16:18.564>right?

371
00:16:19.485 --> 00:16:21.425
<00:16:19.485>Um, <00:16:19.951>data <00:16:20.418>falsification, <00:16:20.885>right?

372
00:16:21.845 --> 00:16:25.785
<00:16:21.845>So <00:16:22.195>what <00:16:22.545>if <00:16:22.895>you <00:16:23.245>know,

373
00:16:26.505 --> 00:16:28.505
<00:16:26.505>somebody <00:16:26.705>stole <00:16:26.905>a <00:16:27.105>password <00:16:27.305>logged <00:16:27.505>as <00:16:27.705>me, <00:16:27.905>right?

374
00:16:29.055 --> 00:16:33.185
<00:16:29.055>Well, <00:16:29.334>to <00:16:29.614>address <00:16:29.895>this, <00:16:30.175>this <00:16:30.454>vulnerability,

375
00:16:33.565 --> 00:16:36.265
<00:16:33.565>we <00:16:33.740>all <00:16:33.915>end <00:16:34.090>users <00:16:34.265>to <00:16:34.440>cryptographically <00:16:34.615>sign <00:16:34.790>the <00:16:34.965>data

376
00:16:36.265 --> 00:16:37.865
<00:16:36.265>that <00:16:36.731>they <00:16:37.198>insert, <00:16:37.665>right?

377
00:16:39.155 --> 00:16:40.735
<00:16:39.155>So <00:16:39.329>the <00:16:39.505>idea <00:16:39.680>is <00:16:39.855>that <00:16:40.030>when <00:16:40.204>you <00:16:40.380>insert <00:16:40.555>data,

378
00:16:41.115 --> 00:16:43.335
<00:16:41.115>you <00:16:41.348>also <00:16:41.581>sign <00:16:41.815>the <00:16:42.048>data <00:16:42.281>you've <00:16:42.515>inserted

379
00:16:43.675 --> 00:16:45.415
<00:16:43.675>and <00:16:43.908>then <00:16:44.141>we <00:16:44.375>countersign <00:16:44.608>it <00:16:44.841>to <00:16:45.074>show

380
00:16:45.415 --> 00:16:46.415
<00:16:45.415>that <00:16:45.594>it <00:16:45.775>really <00:16:45.954>came <00:16:46.135>from <00:16:46.314>you

381
00:16:46.415 --> 00:16:48.015
<00:16:46.415>that <00:16:46.648>we <00:16:46.881>received <00:16:47.115>it <00:16:47.348>from <00:16:47.581>you, <00:16:47.814>okay?

382
00:16:48.075 --> 00:16:51.255
<00:16:48.075>And <00:16:48.215>of <00:16:48.355>obviously <00:16:48.495>the <00:16:48.635>signature <00:16:48.775>that <00:16:48.915>you <00:16:49.055>use, <00:16:49.195>the <00:16:49.335>private <00:16:49.475>key

383
00:16:51.255 --> 00:16:53.175
<00:16:51.255>for <00:16:51.455>that <00:16:51.655>is <00:16:51.855>different <00:16:52.055>from <00:16:52.255>your <00:16:52.455>logging <00:16:52.655>credentials,

384
00:16:53.765 --> 00:16:54.765
Okay?

385
00:16:55.365 --> 00:16:57.265
<00:16:55.365>And <00:16:55.520>then <00:16:55.676>we <00:16:55.831>store <00:16:55.987>this <00:16:56.142>innovation <00:16:56.298>with <00:16:56.453>every <00:16:56.609>single <00:16:56.765>row.

386
00:16:57.405 --> 00:16:58.825
<00:16:57.405>So <00:16:57.587>this <00:16:57.770>is <00:16:57.952>how <00:16:58.135>we <00:16:58.317>can <00:16:58.500>also <00:16:58.683>guarantee

387
00:16:58.825 --> 00:17:01.025
<00:16:58.825>that <00:16:59.000>indeed <00:16:59.175>you <00:16:59.350>enter <00:16:59.525>the <00:16:59.700>row <00:16:59.875>that <00:17:00.050>you <00:17:00.225>did.

388
00:17:02.175 --> 00:17:06.215
<00:17:02.175>Okay? <00:17:02.454>Now <00:17:02.734>up <00:17:03.015>to <00:17:03.295>this <00:17:03.574>point,

389
00:17:06.515 --> 00:17:09.575
<00:17:06.515>all <00:17:06.690>the <00:17:06.865>technology <00:17:07.040>I <00:17:07.215>described <00:17:07.390>protects <00:17:07.565>data <00:17:07.740>within <00:17:07.915>these

390
00:17:09.575 --> 00:17:10.815
<00:17:09.575>things <00:17:09.947>called <00:17:10.319>blockchain <00:17:10.691>tables.

391
00:17:10.815 --> 00:17:14.015
<00:17:10.815>Right? <00:17:10.990>Now <00:17:11.165>blockchain <00:17:11.340>tables <00:17:11.515>have <00:17:11.690>one <00:17:11.865>limitation, <00:17:12.040>which <00:17:12.215>is

392
00:17:14.015 --> 00:17:16.535
<00:17:14.015>that <00:17:14.248>they <00:17:14.481>cannot <00:17:14.715>be, <00:17:14.948>you <00:17:15.181>know, <00:17:15.415>updated

393
00:17:16.675 --> 00:17:18.295
<00:17:16.675>or <00:17:16.954>road <00:17:17.234>cannot <00:17:17.514>be <00:17:17.794>deleted, <00:17:18.075>right?

394
00:17:18.715 --> 00:17:20.895
<00:17:18.714>But <00:17:18.889>sometimes <00:17:19.064>you <00:17:19.240>need <00:17:19.415>data <00:17:19.589>that <00:17:19.764>can <00:17:19.939>be <00:17:20.115>deleted

395
00:17:21.475 --> 00:17:23.245
<00:17:21.474>and <00:17:22.175>updated, <00:17:22.875>right?

396
00:17:23.305 --> 00:17:24.565
<00:17:23.305>So <00:17:23.494>how <00:17:23.683>do <00:17:23.872>you <00:17:24.061>protect <00:17:24.250>those <00:17:24.439>data?

397
00:17:24.995 --> 00:17:27.245
<00:17:24.994>Well, <00:17:25.169>the <00:17:25.344>way <00:17:25.520>you <00:17:25.694>do <00:17:25.869>that <00:17:26.044>is <00:17:26.219>by <00:17:26.395>using,

398
00:17:27.735 --> 00:17:29.525
<00:17:27.734>using <00:17:28.084>the <00:17:28.435>blockchain <00:17:28.784>table <00:17:29.135>itself

399
00:17:29.865 --> 00:17:33.005
<00:17:29.865>as <00:17:30.020>a <00:17:30.176>cryptographic <00:17:30.331>crypto <00:17:30.487>secure <00:17:30.642>change <00:17:30.798>log <00:17:30.953>for <00:17:31.109>the <00:17:31.265>rest

400
00:17:33.005 --> 00:17:34.845
<00:17:33.005>of <00:17:33.180>your <00:17:33.355>data <00:17:33.530>that <00:17:33.705>can <00:17:33.880>be <00:17:34.055>stored <00:17:34.230>in <00:17:34.405>blockchains.

401
00:17:35.275 --> 00:17:39.125
<00:17:35.275>Okay? <00:17:35.382>So, <00:17:35.490>so, <00:17:35.598>so <00:17:35.705>the <00:17:35.813>way <00:17:35.921>to <00:17:36.028>think <00:17:36.136>about <00:17:36.244>it <00:17:36.351>this <00:17:36.459>way <00:17:36.567>is <00:17:36.675>that

402
00:17:40.065 --> 00:17:43.085
<00:17:40.065>you <00:17:40.240>have <00:17:40.415>a <00:17:40.590>blockchain <00:17:40.765>table <00:17:40.940>that <00:17:41.115>tracks <00:17:41.290>all <00:17:41.465>changes

403
00:17:43.145 --> 00:17:44.725
<00:17:43.145>to <00:17:43.495>other <00:17:43.845>non <00:17:44.195>blockchain <00:17:44.545>tables.

404
00:17:45.025 --> 00:17:48.005
<00:17:45.025>And <00:17:45.180>this <00:17:45.336>way, <00:17:45.491>you <00:17:45.647>know, <00:17:45.802>if <00:17:45.958>anything <00:17:46.113>changes <00:17:46.269>over <00:17:46.425>there,

405
00:17:48.025 --> 00:17:49.925
<00:17:48.025>you <00:17:48.180>can <00:17:48.336>sell <00:17:48.491>the <00:17:48.647>blockchain <00:17:48.802>table <00:17:48.958>for <00:17:49.113>the <00:17:49.269>change <00:17:49.425>record

406
00:17:50.105 --> 00:17:51.165
<00:17:50.105>to <00:17:50.295>make <00:17:50.486>sure <00:17:50.677>things <00:17:50.868>are <00:17:51.059>correct.

407
00:17:51.595 --> 00:17:53.845
<00:17:51.595>Okay? <00:17:51.795>Now <00:17:51.995>this <00:17:52.195>this <00:17:52.395>logic <00:17:52.595>how <00:17:52.795>it <00:17:52.995>works,

408
00:17:54.025 --> 00:17:55.445
<00:17:54.025>and <00:17:54.207>this <00:17:54.390>is <00:17:54.572>actually <00:17:54.755>building <00:17:54.937>as <00:17:55.120>a <00:17:55.303>feature

409
00:17:55.445 --> 00:17:57.885
<00:17:55.445>of <00:17:55.620>the <00:17:55.794>Oracle <00:17:55.970>database <00:17:56.145>in <00:17:56.320>the <00:17:56.495>23 <00:17:56.669>C <00:17:56.845>release,

410
00:17:57.885 --> 00:17:59.045
<00:17:57.885>which, <00:17:58.093>which <00:17:58.302>came <00:17:58.511>out <00:17:58.720>this <00:17:58.929>year.

411
00:17:59.435 --> 00:18:01.925
<00:17:59.435>It's <00:17:59.668>aing <00:17:59.901>feature <00:18:00.135>called <00:18:00.368>Flashback <00:18:00.601>time <00:18:00.835>Travel

412
00:18:02.155 --> 00:18:03.445
<00:18:02.155>that <00:18:02.320>allows <00:18:02.486>you <00:18:02.652>to <00:18:02.818>go <00:18:02.984>back <00:18:03.150>in <00:18:03.316>time

413
00:18:03.445 --> 00:18:06.365
<00:18:03.445>and <00:18:03.561>look <00:18:03.678>at <00:18:03.794>versions <00:18:03.911>of <00:18:04.028>your <00:18:04.145>data <00:18:04.261>as <00:18:04.378>a <00:18:04.495>five <00:18:04.611>points <00:18:04.728>in <00:18:04.845>time.

414
00:18:06.865 --> 00:18:10.005
<00:18:06.865>And <00:18:07.065>then <00:18:07.265>these <00:18:07.465>things <00:18:07.665>are <00:18:07.865>all <00:18:08.065>cryptographically <00:18:08.265>secured

415
00:18:10.075 --> 00:18:12.085
<00:18:10.075>that <00:18:10.250>the, <00:18:10.425>the, <00:18:10.600>the <00:18:10.775>change <00:18:10.950>logs <00:18:11.125>are <00:18:11.300>all <00:18:11.475>stored

416
00:18:12.085 --> 00:18:13.205
<00:18:12.085>within <00:18:12.589>blockchain <00:18:13.092>tables.

417
00:18:13.425 --> 00:18:15.685
<00:18:13.425>And <00:18:13.552>so <00:18:13.679>this <00:18:13.806>is <00:18:13.934>how <00:18:14.061>you <00:18:14.188>can <00:18:14.315>guarantee <00:18:14.443>you <00:18:14.570>can <00:18:14.697>flash <00:18:14.825>back

418
00:18:15.685 --> 00:18:18.525
<00:18:15.685>time, <00:18:15.860>travel <00:18:16.034>to <00:18:16.210>your <00:18:16.385>earlier <00:18:16.560>versions <00:18:16.735>of <00:18:16.909>your <00:18:17.085>data

419
00:18:19.105 --> 00:18:21.085
<00:18:19.105>and <00:18:19.338>make <00:18:19.571>sure <00:18:19.805>that <00:18:20.038>it's <00:18:20.271>cryptographic <00:18:20.505>secured

420
00:18:21.105 --> 00:18:23.005
<00:18:21.105>and <00:18:21.260>that <00:18:21.416>the <00:18:21.571>previous <00:18:21.727>versions <00:18:21.882>had <00:18:22.038>not <00:18:22.193>been <00:18:22.349>tampered <00:18:22.505>with.

421
00:18:23.515 --> 00:18:27.075
<00:18:23.515>Okay? <00:18:23.715>So <00:18:23.915>that's <00:18:24.115>sort <00:18:24.315>a <00:18:24.515>long <00:18:24.715>explanation, <00:18:24.915>okay?

422
00:18:27.295 --> 00:18:30.475
<00:18:27.295>So <00:18:27.470>given <00:18:27.645>how <00:18:27.820>easy <00:18:27.995>it <00:18:28.170>is <00:18:28.345>to <00:18:28.520>use <00:18:28.695>blockchains,

423
00:18:30.475 --> 00:18:32.315
<00:18:30.475>because <00:18:30.649>anybody <00:18:30.824>who <00:18:31.000>could <00:18:31.175>use <00:18:31.350>SQL <00:18:31.524>can <00:18:31.699>use <00:18:31.875>blockchains.

424
00:18:32.315 --> 00:18:35.155
<00:18:32.315>Now <00:18:32.490>it <00:18:32.665>actually <00:18:32.840>opens <00:18:33.015>up <00:18:33.190>blockchains <00:18:33.365>to <00:18:33.540>humongous <00:18:33.715>amount

425
00:18:35.175 --> 00:18:37.555
<00:18:35.175>of <00:18:35.350>use <00:18:35.524>cases <00:18:35.700>that <00:18:35.875>previously <00:18:36.050>were <00:18:36.225>just <00:18:36.399>too <00:18:36.575>hard

426
00:18:37.555 --> 00:18:38.595
<00:18:37.555>to <00:18:38.023>use, <00:18:38.491>right?

427
00:18:38.775 --> 00:18:40.995
<00:18:38.775>You <00:18:39.055>know, <00:18:39.335>financial <00:18:39.615>data, <00:18:39.895>logistics <00:18:40.175>education,

428
00:18:41.225 --> 00:18:42.435
<00:18:41.225>education <00:18:41.588>data <00:18:41.951>is <00:18:42.313>interesting.

429
00:18:42.615 --> 00:18:44.035
<00:18:42.615>You <00:18:42.870>know, <00:18:43.126>you <00:18:43.381>don't <00:18:43.637>want <00:18:43.893>diplomas

430
00:18:44.035 --> 00:18:45.595
<00:18:44.035>to <00:18:44.315>be <00:18:44.595>forged <00:18:44.875>for <00:18:45.155>example, <00:18:45.435>right?

431
00:18:45.645 --> 00:18:50.485
<00:18:45.645>Government <00:18:45.845>data, <00:18:46.045>corporate <00:18:46.245>data <00:18:46.445>and <00:18:46.645>so <00:18:46.845>forth. <00:18:47.045>Okay?

432
00:18:50.945 --> 00:18:53.045
<00:18:50.945>Now <00:18:51.120>I'm <00:18:51.294>gonna <00:18:51.470>step <00:18:51.645>back <00:18:51.820>a <00:18:51.995>little <00:18:52.169>bit, <00:18:52.345>alright?

433
00:18:53.505 --> 00:18:54.525
<00:18:53.505>The <00:18:53.734>key <00:18:53.964>point <00:18:54.193>here <00:18:54.423>is

434
00:18:54.525 --> 00:18:56.725
<00:18:54.525>that <00:18:54.758>we've <00:18:54.991>integrated <00:18:55.225>the <00:18:55.458>blockchain <00:18:55.691>into <00:18:55.925>a

435
00:18:56.725 --> 00:18:58.005
<00:18:56.725>relational <00:18:57.301>database, <00:18:57.877>right?

436
00:18:58.265 --> 00:19:00.205
<00:18:58.265>And <00:18:58.498>that <00:18:58.731>is <00:18:58.965>actually <00:18:59.198>an <00:18:59.431>architectural <00:18:59.665>approach.

437
00:19:00.785 --> 00:19:03.165
<00:19:00.785>Not <00:19:01.018>everyone <00:19:01.251>does <00:19:01.485>it <00:19:01.718>this <00:19:01.951>way, <00:19:02.185>okay?

438
00:19:05.425 --> 00:19:07.455
<00:19:05.425>Today <00:19:05.705>in <00:19:05.985>the <00:19:06.264>data <00:19:06.544>management <00:19:06.825>space,

439
00:19:07.455 --> 00:19:08.815
<00:19:07.455>there's <00:19:07.761>actually <00:19:08.067>two <00:19:08.373>approaches <00:19:08.679>today

440
00:19:08.815 --> 00:19:10.615
<00:19:08.815>and <00:19:08.970>that's, <00:19:09.126>that's <00:19:09.281>sort <00:19:09.437>of <00:19:09.592>like <00:19:09.748>a <00:19:09.903>figo <00:19:10.059>on, <00:19:10.215>right?

441
00:19:11.235 --> 00:19:13.815
<00:19:11.235>One <00:19:11.435>approach <00:19:11.635>is <00:19:11.834>actually <00:19:12.034>popularized <00:19:12.235>by <00:19:12.435>Amazon, <00:19:12.635>right?

442
00:19:13.815 --> 00:19:17.015
<00:19:13.815>Which <00:19:14.015>is <00:19:14.215>to <00:19:14.415>run <00:19:14.615>single <00:19:14.815>purpose <00:19:15.015>proprietary <00:19:15.215>databases

443
00:19:17.115 --> 00:19:18.615
<00:19:17.115>for <00:19:17.340>every <00:19:17.565>single <00:19:17.790>data <00:19:18.015>type <00:19:18.240>of <00:19:18.465>workload.

444
00:19:19.035 --> 00:19:20.295
<00:19:19.035>So <00:19:19.318>their, <00:19:19.602>their <00:19:19.885>proposal <00:19:20.169>is

445
00:19:20.295 --> 00:19:22.775
<00:19:20.295>that <00:19:20.450>if <00:19:20.606>you <00:19:20.761>run <00:19:20.917>OOTP <00:19:21.072>run <00:19:21.228>one <00:19:21.383>type <00:19:21.539>of <00:19:21.695>database,

446
00:19:23.155 --> 00:19:25.415
<00:19:23.155>if <00:19:23.295>you <00:19:23.435>run <00:19:23.575>the <00:19:23.715>key <00:19:23.855>values, <00:19:23.995>a <00:19:24.135>different <00:19:24.274>type <00:19:24.415>of <00:19:24.555>database,

447
00:19:25.915 --> 00:19:27.295
<00:19:25.915>you <00:19:26.122>have <00:19:26.329>email <00:19:26.536>but <00:19:26.743>use <00:19:26.950>the <00:19:27.157>third

448
00:19:27.295 --> 00:19:28.375
<00:19:27.295>type <00:19:27.489>of <00:19:27.683>database <00:19:27.878>and <00:19:28.072>so <00:19:28.267>forth.

449
00:19:28.555 --> 00:19:29.815
<00:19:28.555>And <00:19:28.744>so <00:19:28.933>they <00:19:29.122>basically <00:19:29.311>give <00:19:29.500>you <00:19:29.689>lot

450
00:19:29.815 --> 00:19:31.255
<00:19:29.815>and <00:19:30.074>loss <00:19:30.333>of <00:19:30.592>single <00:19:30.851>purpose <00:19:31.111>databases.

451
00:19:32.035 --> 00:19:34.335
<00:19:32.035>The <00:19:32.210>Oracle <00:19:32.385>approach <00:19:32.560>is <00:19:32.735>to <00:19:32.910>give <00:19:33.085>you <00:19:33.260>a <00:19:33.435>single

452
00:19:34.855 --> 00:19:36.695
<00:19:34.855>converged <00:19:35.135>open <00:19:35.415>s <00:19:35.695>QL <00:19:35.975>based <00:19:36.255>database

453
00:19:36.955 --> 00:19:38.415
<00:19:36.955>for <00:19:37.217>multiple <00:19:37.480>data <00:19:37.743>types <00:19:38.006>and <00:19:38.269>workloads.

454
00:19:38.565 --> 00:19:41.015
<00:19:38.565>Okay? <00:19:38.740>So <00:19:38.915>a <00:19:39.090>single <00:19:39.265>database <00:19:39.440>can <00:19:39.615>support <00:19:39.790>relational <00:19:39.965>data,

455
00:19:41.115 --> 00:19:42.775
<00:19:41.115>non <00:19:41.581>relational <00:19:42.048>data, <00:19:42.515>JSON,

456
00:19:42.795 --> 00:19:45.655
<00:19:42.795>key <00:19:43.028>value <00:19:43.261>blockchain <00:19:43.495>graph <00:19:43.728>and <00:19:43.961>so <00:19:44.195>forth.

457
00:19:46.045 --> 00:19:48.615
<00:19:46.045>Okay? <00:19:46.745>And <00:19:47.445>so

458
00:19:49.905 --> 00:19:52.295
<00:19:49.905>these <00:19:50.138>architectures <00:19:50.371>have <00:19:50.605>big <00:19:50.838>impact <00:19:51.071>on <00:19:51.305>developer

459
00:19:52.295 --> 00:19:55.175
<00:19:52.295>productivity <00:19:52.528>because <00:19:52.761>if <00:19:52.995>you <00:19:53.228>use <00:19:53.461>the <00:19:53.695>heterogeneous

460
00:19:55.175 --> 00:19:57.615
<00:19:55.175>architecture <00:19:55.455>as <00:19:55.735>proposal <00:19:56.014>Amazon, <00:19:56.294>the <00:19:56.575>developers,

461
00:19:57.715 --> 00:19:59.215
<00:19:57.715>you <00:19:57.985>will <00:19:58.254>have <00:19:58.524>to <00:19:58.794>do <00:19:59.064>integration.

462
00:19:59.895 --> 00:20:01.575
<00:19:59.895>'cause <00:20:00.128>you <00:20:00.361>have <00:20:00.595>to <00:20:00.828>dispute <00:20:01.061>the <00:20:01.295>execution.

463
00:20:01.915 --> 00:20:05.255
<00:20:01.915>You <00:20:02.090>have <00:20:02.264>to <00:20:02.440>move <00:20:02.615>data <00:20:02.790>between <00:20:02.965>different <00:20:03.139>fragmented <00:20:03.315>databases

464
00:20:05.255 --> 00:20:07.175
<00:20:05.255>to <00:20:05.488>do <00:20:05.721>different <00:20:05.955>kind <00:20:06.188>of <00:20:06.421>analytics, <00:20:06.655>right?

465
00:20:07.355 --> 00:20:09.415
<00:20:07.355>And <00:20:07.530>furthermore, <00:20:07.705>if <00:20:07.880>you <00:20:08.055>need <00:20:08.230>to <00:20:08.405>operate <00:20:08.580>on <00:20:08.755>data

466
00:20:09.415 --> 00:20:11.615
<00:20:09.415>that's <00:20:09.695>across <00:20:09.975>multiple <00:20:10.254>databases, <00:20:10.534>you <00:20:10.815>need

467
00:20:11.615 --> 00:20:13.415
<00:20:11.615>to <00:20:11.965>manage <00:20:12.315>distributed <00:20:12.665>execution, <00:20:13.015>right?

468
00:20:13.515 --> 00:20:16.335
<00:20:13.515>And <00:20:13.670>do <00:20:13.826>distributed <00:20:13.981>commits <00:20:14.137>and <00:20:14.292>so <00:20:14.448>forth. <00:20:14.603>And <00:20:14.759>that's <00:20:14.915>work.

469
00:20:16.685 --> 00:20:19.215
<00:20:16.685>It's <00:20:16.885>doable, <00:20:17.085>but <00:20:17.284>it's <00:20:17.485>actually <00:20:17.685>more <00:20:17.885>work. <00:20:18.085>Okay?

470
00:20:20.195 --> 00:20:23.175
<00:20:20.195>The <00:20:20.395>Oracle <00:20:20.595>architecture <00:20:20.794>says <00:20:20.995>that <00:20:21.195>developers <00:20:21.395>don't <00:20:21.595>have

471
00:20:23.175 --> 00:20:25.015
<00:20:23.175>to <00:20:23.350>worry <00:20:23.524>about <00:20:23.700>all <00:20:23.875>this <00:20:24.050>stuff, <00:20:24.225>just <00:20:24.399>focus <00:20:24.575>on

472
00:20:25.605 --> 00:20:26.755
<00:20:25.605>innovation, <00:20:26.640>right?

473
00:20:26.935 --> 00:20:30.875
<00:20:26.935>And <00:20:27.075>use <00:20:27.215>SQL. <00:20:27.355>And <00:20:27.495>so <00:20:27.635>just <00:20:27.774>use <00:20:27.915>SQL <00:20:28.054>to <00:20:28.195>run <00:20:28.335>reports

474
00:20:31.495 --> 00:20:33.875
<00:20:31.495>on <00:20:31.728>relational <00:20:31.961>data, <00:20:32.195>run <00:20:32.428>machine <00:20:32.661>learning <00:20:32.895>graphs,

475
00:20:33.875 --> 00:20:35.115
<00:20:33.875>spatial <00:20:34.247>blockchain, <00:20:34.619>et <00:20:34.991>cetera,

476
00:20:35.175 --> 00:20:36.515
<00:20:35.175>in <00:20:35.476>a <00:20:35.778>single <00:20:36.079>converged <00:20:36.381>database.

477
00:20:37.905 --> 00:20:39.955
<00:20:37.905>This <00:20:38.060>sounds <00:20:38.216>very <00:20:38.371>abstract. <00:20:38.527>So <00:20:38.682>I'll <00:20:38.838>give <00:20:38.993>you <00:20:39.149>an <00:20:39.305>example.

478
00:20:40.775 --> 00:20:42.155
<00:20:40.775>Here's <00:20:41.085>some <00:20:41.396>more <00:20:41.706>sql, <00:20:42.017>right?

479
00:20:42.245 --> 00:20:45.035
<00:20:42.245>Which <00:20:42.419>is <00:20:42.594>the <00:20:42.770>conversion <00:20:42.945>approach <00:20:43.120>actually <00:20:43.294>is <00:20:43.469>identified <00:20:43.645>very

480
00:20:45.035 --> 00:20:47.405
<00:20:45.035>well <00:20:45.190>by <00:20:45.346>this, <00:20:45.501>which <00:20:45.657>is <00:20:45.812>when <00:20:45.968>I <00:20:46.123>add <00:20:46.279>new <00:20:46.435>functionality,

481
00:20:47.845 --> 00:20:51.485
<00:20:47.845>I <00:20:48.000>add <00:20:48.156>a <00:20:48.311>SQL <00:20:48.467>statement, <00:20:48.622>don't <00:20:48.778>add <00:20:48.933>a <00:20:49.089>database, <00:20:49.245>right?

482
00:20:52.025 --> 00:20:54.325
<00:20:52.025>So <00:20:52.180>for <00:20:52.336>example, <00:20:52.491>on <00:20:52.647>the <00:20:52.802>left <00:20:52.958>hand <00:20:53.113>side <00:20:53.269>up <00:20:53.425>corner,

483
00:20:55.425 --> 00:20:57.125
<00:20:55.425>we <00:20:55.705>can <00:20:55.985>store <00:20:56.264>and <00:20:56.544>access <00:20:56.825>data

484
00:20:58.015 --> 00:21:00.485
<00:20:58.015>using <00:20:58.248>JSO <00:20:58.481>in <00:20:58.715>the <00:20:58.948>relational <00:20:59.181>database, <00:20:59.415>right?

485
00:21:00.485 --> 00:21:01.685
<00:21:00.485>So <00:21:00.665>here <00:21:00.844>I <00:21:01.024>have <00:21:01.205>a <00:21:01.385>movie <00:21:01.565>details

486
00:21:01.985 --> 00:21:04.525
<00:21:01.985>and <00:21:02.140>then <00:21:02.296>I <00:21:02.451>can <00:21:02.607>select <00:21:02.762>data <00:21:02.918>from <00:21:03.073>it <00:21:03.229>using <00:21:03.385>JSON

487
00:21:04.565 --> 00:21:06.365
<00:21:04.565>notation, <00:21:05.965>right?

488
00:21:06.875 --> 00:21:08.725
<00:21:06.875>Then <00:21:07.108>moving <00:21:07.341>to <00:21:07.575>the <00:21:07.808>right <00:21:08.041>hand <00:21:08.275>side,

489
00:21:08.875 --> 00:21:10.885
<00:21:08.875>suppose <00:21:09.108>I <00:21:09.341>wanna <00:21:09.575>find <00:21:09.808>relationships <00:21:10.041>among <00:21:10.275>them.

490
00:21:11.425 --> 00:21:14.005
<00:21:11.425>Now <00:21:11.565>the <00:21:11.705>Amazon <00:21:11.845>approach <00:21:11.985>would <00:21:12.125>be <00:21:12.264>that <00:21:12.405>I <00:21:12.544>move <00:21:12.685>my <00:21:12.825>data

491
00:21:14.005 --> 00:21:15.805
<00:21:14.005>to <00:21:14.205>a <00:21:14.405>graph <00:21:14.605>database, <00:21:14.805>do <00:21:15.005>the <00:21:15.205>graph <00:21:15.405>analytics,

492
00:21:15.865 --> 00:21:17.085
<00:21:15.865>and <00:21:16.048>then <00:21:16.231>do <00:21:16.414>something <00:21:16.597>else <00:21:16.780>with <00:21:16.963>it.

493
00:21:17.235 --> 00:21:19.565
<00:21:17.235>Here <00:21:17.375>you <00:21:17.514>can <00:21:17.655>just <00:21:17.794>analyze <00:21:17.935>the <00:21:18.074>data <00:21:18.215>in <00:21:18.354>the <00:21:18.495>same <00:21:18.635>database.

494
00:21:19.865 --> 00:21:22.485
<00:21:19.865>And <00:21:19.992>so <00:21:20.119>here <00:21:20.246>I <00:21:20.374>can <00:21:20.501>just <00:21:20.628>do <00:21:20.755>a <00:21:20.883>select <00:21:21.010>statement <00:21:21.137>again, <00:21:21.265>SQL,

495
00:21:22.615 --> 00:21:25.365
<00:21:22.615>using <00:21:22.815>graph <00:21:23.015>notation <00:21:23.215>to <00:21:23.415>say <00:21:23.615>find <00:21:23.815>me <00:21:24.015>true,

496
00:21:26.235 --> 00:21:28.365
<00:21:26.235>find <00:21:26.390>me <00:21:26.546>all <00:21:26.701>the <00:21:26.857>people <00:21:27.012>who <00:21:27.168>have <00:21:27.323>a <00:21:27.479>common <00:21:27.635>movie.

497
00:21:28.625 --> 00:21:30.525
<00:21:28.625>So <00:21:28.825>basically <00:21:29.025>find <00:21:29.225>all <00:21:29.425>the <00:21:29.625>customers <00:21:29.825>who <00:21:30.025>are,

498
00:21:30.995 --> 00:21:33.605
<00:21:30.995>have <00:21:31.150>render <00:21:31.306>a <00:21:31.461>similar <00:21:31.617>kind <00:21:31.772>of <00:21:31.928>movies <00:21:32.083>using <00:21:32.239>graph <00:21:32.395>analytics.

499
00:21:34.025 --> 00:21:36.245
<00:21:34.025>And <00:21:34.200>again, <00:21:34.375>this <00:21:34.550>is <00:21:34.725>SQL <00:21:34.900>use <00:21:35.075>the <00:21:35.250>same <00:21:35.425>data,

500
00:21:36.405 --> 00:21:37.605
<00:21:36.405>I <00:21:36.559>didn't <00:21:36.713>have <00:21:36.867>to <00:21:37.022>move <00:21:37.176>data <00:21:37.330>anywhere <00:21:37.485>else.

501
00:21:38.795 --> 00:21:40.205
<00:21:38.795>Then <00:21:39.218>on <00:21:39.641>the, <00:21:40.063>uh,

502
00:21:40.335 --> 00:21:43.205
<00:21:40.335>lower <00:21:40.510>left <00:21:40.685>is <00:21:40.860>an <00:21:41.035>example <00:21:41.210>using <00:21:41.385>fuzzy <00:21:41.560>tech <00:21:41.735>search.

503
00:21:43.685 --> 00:21:45.165
<00:21:43.685>I <00:21:43.907>can <00:21:44.129>say <00:21:44.351>that <00:21:44.572>fine <00:21:44.795>movie <00:21:45.017>reviews

504
00:21:45.165 --> 00:21:46.805
<00:21:45.165>containing <00:21:45.514>these <00:21:45.865>words <00:21:46.215>on <00:21:46.565>it.

505
00:21:47.145 --> 00:21:49.925
<00:21:47.145>And <00:21:47.300>again, <00:21:47.456>this <00:21:47.611>is <00:21:47.767>a, <00:21:47.922>yeah, <00:21:48.078>another <00:21:48.233>sequel <00:21:48.389>statement, <00:21:48.545>right?

506
00:21:49.985 --> 00:21:52.245
<00:21:49.985>So <00:21:50.159>notice <00:21:50.334>how <00:21:50.510>for <00:21:50.685>each <00:21:50.860>of <00:21:51.034>these <00:21:51.209>additional <00:21:51.385>functions,

507
00:21:52.245 --> 00:21:53.605
<00:21:52.245>I <00:21:52.489>just <00:21:52.734>run <00:21:52.979>extra <00:21:53.224>sequel, <00:21:53.469>right?

508
00:21:53.625 --> 00:21:55.765
<00:21:53.625>And <00:21:53.825>the <00:21:54.025>last <00:21:54.225>example <00:21:54.425>is <00:21:54.625>of <00:21:54.825>course, <00:21:55.025>favorite.

509
00:21:56.205 --> 00:21:58.125
<00:21:56.205>I <00:21:56.379>can <00:21:56.554>make <00:21:56.730>any <00:21:56.905>of <00:21:57.080>this <00:21:57.254>data <00:21:57.429>blos <00:21:57.605>tables

510
00:21:58.125 --> 00:21:59.685
<00:21:58.125>to <00:21:58.475>prevent <00:21:58.825>fraud <00:21:59.175>and <00:21:59.525>tampering.

511
00:21:59.955 --> 00:22:01.045
<00:21:59.955>Okay? <00:22:00.445>So <00:22:00.936>all

512
00:22:01.045 --> 00:22:03.525
<00:22:01.045>of <00:22:01.200>this <00:22:01.356>stuff <00:22:01.511>is <00:22:01.667>done <00:22:01.822>within <00:22:01.978>the <00:22:02.133>same <00:22:02.289>database <00:22:02.445>without,

513
00:22:03.525 --> 00:22:04.685
<00:22:03.525>you <00:22:03.699>have <00:22:03.873>to <00:22:04.047>move <00:22:04.221>the <00:22:04.395>data <00:22:04.569>around

514
00:22:04.825 --> 00:22:07.445
<00:22:04.825>and <00:22:05.058>it's <00:22:05.291>all <00:22:05.525>using <00:22:05.758>standard <00:22:05.991>SQL <00:22:06.225>instead

515
00:22:07.445 --> 00:22:09.685
<00:22:07.445>of <00:22:07.725>a <00:22:08.004>database <00:22:08.284>specific <00:22:08.564>probing <00:22:08.845>language.

516
00:22:13.985 --> 00:22:17.105
<00:22:13.985>I <00:22:14.264>strongly <00:22:14.544>believe <00:22:14.824>in <00:22:15.104>the <00:22:15.385>benefits

517
00:22:17.105 --> 00:22:18.145
<00:22:17.105>of <00:22:17.339>the <00:22:17.573>converge <00:22:17.807>database, <00:22:18.041>right?

518
00:22:18.215 --> 00:22:21.945
<00:22:18.215>Because <00:22:18.370>the <00:22:18.526>analogy <00:22:18.681>for <00:22:18.837>me <00:22:18.992>is <00:22:19.148>really <00:22:19.303>the <00:22:19.459>smartphone, <00:22:19.615>right?

519
00:22:22.505 --> 00:22:25.665
<00:22:22.505>Previously, <00:22:22.705>you <00:22:22.905>know, <00:22:23.105>people <00:22:23.305>carried <00:22:23.505>a <00:22:23.705>cell <00:22:23.905>phone,

520
00:22:26.325 --> 00:22:29.755
<00:22:26.325>maybe <00:22:26.465>you <00:22:26.605>carry <00:22:26.745>a <00:22:26.885>GPS <00:22:27.025>map, <00:22:27.165>a <00:22:27.305>music <00:22:27.445>MP <00:22:27.585>three <00:22:27.725>player,

521
00:22:30.225 --> 00:22:34.475
<00:22:30.225>perhaps <00:22:30.399>a <00:22:30.574>a <00:22:30.750>a <00:22:30.925>calendar <00:22:31.100>and <00:22:31.274>so <00:22:31.449>forth, <00:22:31.625>right?

522
00:22:34.475 --> 00:22:38.715
<00:22:34.475>They're <00:22:34.649>all <00:22:34.824>separate <00:22:35.000>products <00:22:35.175>right <00:22:35.350>now, <00:22:35.524>they're <00:22:35.699>all <00:22:35.875>gone

523
00:22:39.255 --> 00:22:40.675
<00:22:39.255>now <00:22:39.510>every <00:22:39.766>just <00:22:40.021>carry <00:22:40.277>a <00:22:40.533>smartphone

524
00:22:40.855 --> 00:22:42.995
<00:22:40.855>and <00:22:41.135>all <00:22:41.415>these <00:22:41.695>functionality <00:22:41.975>become <00:22:42.255>features

525
00:22:42.995 --> 00:22:45.595
<00:22:42.995>of <00:22:43.169>the <00:22:43.344>single <00:22:43.520>smartphone <00:22:43.695>that <00:22:43.870>we <00:22:44.044>all <00:22:44.219>carry, <00:22:44.395>okay?

526
00:22:45.855 --> 00:22:47.755
<00:22:45.855>And <00:22:46.135>similarly, <00:22:46.415>you <00:22:46.695>know, <00:22:46.975>I <00:22:47.255>believe

527
00:22:47.755 --> 00:22:49.595
<00:22:47.755>that <00:22:47.955>technologies <00:22:48.155>evolve <00:22:48.355>the <00:22:48.555>same <00:22:48.755>way, <00:22:48.955>which <00:22:49.155>is

528
00:22:49.595 --> 00:22:50.995
<00:22:49.595>that <00:22:49.847>when <00:22:50.099>new <00:22:50.351>features <00:22:50.602>come <00:22:50.855>out,

529
00:22:51.225 --> 00:22:53.115
<00:22:51.225>they'll <00:22:51.691>initially <00:22:52.158>specialize <00:22:52.625>things

530
00:22:53.265 --> 00:22:54.555
<00:22:53.265>like <00:22:53.652>specialized <00:22:54.039>databases, <00:22:54.426>right?

531
00:22:54.895 --> 00:22:57.595
<00:22:54.895>But <00:22:55.095>over <00:22:55.295>time <00:22:55.495>they <00:22:55.695>become <00:22:55.895>converged <00:22:56.095>into <00:22:56.295>a

532
00:22:57.795 --> 00:22:58.955
<00:22:57.795>converged <00:22:58.317>product, <00:22:58.839>right?

533
00:22:59.135 --> 00:23:01.875
<00:22:59.135>And <00:22:59.310>so <00:22:59.485>the <00:22:59.660>converged <00:22:59.835>database <00:23:00.010>really <00:23:00.185>is <00:23:00.360>the <00:23:00.535>smartphone

534
00:23:01.875 --> 00:23:03.035
<00:23:01.875>of <00:23:02.397>data, <00:23:02.919>right?

535
00:23:04.175 --> 00:23:06.875
<00:23:04.175>And <00:23:04.315>converge <00:23:04.455>features <00:23:04.595>are <00:23:04.735>easy <00:23:04.875>for <00:23:05.014>the <00:23:05.155>user <00:23:05.294>to <00:23:05.435>use, <00:23:05.575>easy

536
00:23:06.875 --> 00:23:07.955
<00:23:06.875>to <00:23:07.360>develop, <00:23:07.847>right?

537
00:23:08.215 --> 00:23:10.155
<00:23:08.215>And <00:23:08.681>furthermore, <00:23:09.148>a <00:23:09.615>converged

538
00:23:11.115 --> 00:23:13.955
<00:23:11.115>convergence <00:23:11.395>enables <00:23:11.675>cross <00:23:11.955>feature <00:23:12.235>innovation, <00:23:12.515>right?

539
00:23:14.185 --> 00:23:16.915
<00:23:14.185>Just <00:23:14.312>like <00:23:14.439>on <00:23:14.566>the <00:23:14.694>smartphone, <00:23:14.821>I <00:23:14.948>can <00:23:15.075>look <00:23:15.203>at <00:23:15.330>the <00:23:15.457>address <00:23:15.585>book,

540
00:23:17.085 --> 00:23:18.955
<00:23:17.085>click <00:23:17.240>on <00:23:17.396>it <00:23:17.551>to <00:23:17.707>ring <00:23:17.862>the, <00:23:18.018>to <00:23:18.173>call <00:23:18.329>the <00:23:18.485>person

541
00:23:19.215 --> 00:23:20.955
<00:23:19.215>or <00:23:19.389>click <00:23:19.564>on <00:23:19.740>the <00:23:19.915>map <00:23:20.090>to <00:23:20.264>find <00:23:20.439>a <00:23:20.615>location.

542
00:23:21.225 --> 00:23:23.515
<00:23:21.225>It's <00:23:21.425>always <00:23:21.625>in <00:23:21.824>the <00:23:22.024>same <00:23:22.225>device, <00:23:22.425>same <00:23:22.625>interface.

543
00:23:23.585 --> 00:23:25.555
<00:23:23.585>Instead, <00:23:23.740>am <00:23:23.896>I <00:23:24.051>trying <00:23:24.207>to <00:23:24.362>look <00:23:24.518>at <00:23:24.673>the <00:23:24.829>address <00:23:24.985>here,

544
00:23:25.905 --> 00:23:27.435
<00:23:25.905>type <00:23:26.249>into <00:23:26.593>my <00:23:26.937>GPS <00:23:27.282>separately

545
00:23:27.535 --> 00:23:29.075
<00:23:27.535>and <00:23:27.766>try <00:23:27.997>to <00:23:28.228>find <00:23:28.459>the <00:23:28.690>person, <00:23:28.921>right?

546
00:23:29.095 --> 00:23:30.515
<00:23:29.095>No <00:23:29.254>one <00:23:29.414>does <00:23:29.574>that <00:23:29.734>anymore. <00:23:29.893>It's <00:23:30.053>all <00:23:30.213>in <00:23:30.373>the

547
00:23:30.635 --> 00:23:31.795
<00:23:30.635>converged <00:23:31.157>device, <00:23:31.679>okay?

548
00:23:33.055 --> 00:23:36.235
<00:23:33.055>And <00:23:33.195>so <00:23:33.335>this <00:23:33.475>is <00:23:33.615>why <00:23:33.755>when <00:23:33.895>I <00:23:34.035>talk <00:23:34.175>about <00:23:34.315>blockchain <00:23:34.455>integrated

549
00:23:36.235 --> 00:23:38.155
<00:23:36.235>in <00:23:36.409>the <00:23:36.584>database, <00:23:36.760>it <00:23:36.935>gives <00:23:37.110>you <00:23:37.284>much <00:23:37.459>more <00:23:37.635>power

550
00:23:38.155 --> 00:23:39.235
<00:23:38.155>beyond <00:23:38.479>the <00:23:38.803>blockchain <00:23:39.127>itself

551
00:23:39.235 --> 00:23:40.795
<00:23:39.235>because <00:23:39.514>it <00:23:39.794>makes <00:23:40.074>every <00:23:40.354>other <00:23:40.635>feature

552
00:23:41.055 --> 00:23:42.515
<00:23:41.055>of <00:23:41.317>the <00:23:41.580>database <00:23:41.843>much <00:23:42.106>more <00:23:42.369>powerful.

553
00:23:45.235 --> 00:23:46.685
<00:23:45.235>Okay? <00:23:45.561>So <00:23:45.887>five <00:23:46.213>minutes <00:23:46.540>left.

554
00:23:46.945 --> 00:23:49.205
<00:23:46.945>So <00:23:47.085>then <00:23:47.225>I <00:23:47.365>wanna <00:23:47.504>ask <00:23:47.645>this <00:23:47.784>a <00:23:47.925>heretical <00:23:48.064>question, <00:23:48.205>which <00:23:48.345>is,

555
00:23:49.205 --> 00:23:52.605
<00:23:49.205>you <00:23:49.345>know, <00:23:49.485>um, <00:23:49.625>what <00:23:49.764>if <00:23:49.905>I <00:23:50.044>don't <00:23:50.185>wanna <00:23:50.324>use <00:23:50.465>relational <00:23:50.605>tables?

556
00:23:53.035 --> 00:23:56.285
<00:23:53.035>What <00:23:53.235>if <00:23:53.435>I <00:23:53.635>hate <00:23:53.835>relational <00:23:54.035>databases? <00:23:54.235>Right? <00:23:54.435>Right.

557
00:23:56.745 --> 00:24:00.725
<00:23:56.745>So, <00:23:56.945>uh, <00:23:57.145>and <00:23:57.344>I'm <00:23:57.544>just <00:23:57.745>gonna <00:23:57.945>tease <00:23:58.145>something

558
00:24:00.725 --> 00:24:02.765
<00:24:00.725>that's <00:24:00.925>coming <00:24:01.125>in <00:24:01.324>the <00:24:01.524>database <00:24:01.725>23 <00:24:01.925>C <00:24:02.125>release

559
00:24:02.765 --> 00:24:05.365
<00:24:02.765>that's <00:24:02.940>actually <00:24:03.115>already <00:24:03.290>out <00:24:03.465>for, <00:24:03.640>uh, <00:24:03.815>free, <00:24:03.990>which <00:24:04.165>is

560
00:24:05.365 --> 00:24:09.085
<00:24:05.365>that <00:24:05.540>this <00:24:05.715>is <00:24:05.890>concept <00:24:06.065>of <00:24:06.240>JSON <00:24:06.415>relational <00:24:06.590>duality, <00:24:06.765>right?

561
00:24:09.175 --> 00:24:11.365
<00:24:09.175>Which <00:24:09.302>is <00:24:09.429>that <00:24:09.556>I'm <00:24:09.684>gonna <00:24:09.811>go <00:24:09.938>to <00:24:10.065>the <00:24:10.193>right <00:24:10.320>hand <00:24:10.447>side <00:24:10.575>story.

562
00:24:11.665 --> 00:24:13.605
<00:24:11.665>The <00:24:11.898>relational <00:24:12.131>data <00:24:12.365>model <00:24:12.598>has <00:24:12.831>been <00:24:13.065>around

563
00:24:13.605 --> 00:24:15.005
<00:24:13.605>for <00:24:13.857>a <00:24:14.109>very <00:24:14.361>long <00:24:14.613>time, <00:24:14.865>right?

564
00:24:15.385 --> 00:24:17.085
<00:24:15.385>And <00:24:15.585>it's <00:24:15.785>great <00:24:15.985>when <00:24:16.185>the <00:24:16.385>s <00:24:16.585>schemers <00:24:16.785>know

565
00:24:17.625 --> 00:24:19.765
<00:24:17.625>and <00:24:17.905>it <00:24:18.185>maximizes <00:24:18.465>use <00:24:18.745>case <00:24:19.025>flexibility,

566
00:24:19.995 --> 00:24:21.565
<00:24:19.995>data <00:24:20.344>sharing <00:24:20.695>and <00:24:21.044>space <00:24:21.395>efficiency.

567
00:24:22.045 --> 00:24:24.085
<00:24:22.045>'cause <00:24:22.245>multiple <00:24:22.445>applications <00:24:22.645>can <00:24:22.845>use <00:24:23.045>the <00:24:23.245>same <00:24:23.445>relational

568
00:24:24.085 --> 00:24:26.365
<00:24:24.085>format, <00:24:24.240>they <00:24:24.396>can <00:24:24.551>share <00:24:24.707>data <00:24:24.862>easily <00:24:25.018>and <00:24:25.173>so <00:24:25.329>forth, <00:24:25.485>right?

569
00:24:26.745 --> 00:24:28.205
<00:24:26.745>And <00:24:26.964>you <00:24:27.183>query <00:24:27.401>it <00:24:27.620>and <00:24:27.840>it's <00:24:28.059>data

570
00:24:28.205 --> 00:24:29.925
<00:24:28.205>consistent <00:24:28.554>and <00:24:28.905>it's <00:24:29.254>great, <00:24:29.605>right?

571
00:24:30.065 --> 00:24:31.925
<00:24:30.065>And <00:24:30.240>you <00:24:30.415>run <00:24:30.590>analytics <00:24:30.765>on <00:24:30.940>it <00:24:31.115>and <00:24:31.290>so <00:24:31.465>forth.

572
00:24:32.265 --> 00:24:34.245
<00:24:32.265>And <00:24:32.440>so <00:24:32.615>these <00:24:32.790>are <00:24:32.965>all <00:24:33.140>the <00:24:33.315>strong <00:24:33.490>great <00:24:33.665>greatness

573
00:24:34.245 --> 00:24:36.085
<00:24:34.245>of <00:24:34.945>relational <00:24:35.645>model.

574
00:24:37.355 --> 00:24:39.815
<00:24:37.355>On <00:24:37.555>the <00:24:37.755>other <00:24:37.955>hand, <00:24:38.155>MongoDB <00:24:38.355>is <00:24:38.555>very <00:24:38.755>popular

575
00:24:40.115 --> 00:24:42.375
<00:24:40.115>and <00:24:40.395>JSON <00:24:40.675>is <00:24:40.955>extremely <00:24:41.235>popular, <00:24:41.515>right?

576
00:24:42.555 --> 00:24:45.055
<00:24:42.555>And <00:24:42.730>JSO <00:24:42.905>is <00:24:43.080>great <00:24:43.255>when <00:24:43.430>data <00:24:43.605>scheme <00:24:43.780>was <00:24:43.955>evolving,

577
00:24:45.875 --> 00:24:46.975
<00:24:45.875>it <00:24:46.370>maximizes <00:24:46.865>agility

578
00:24:47.395 --> 00:24:49.215
<00:24:47.395>and <00:24:47.595>then <00:24:47.795>you <00:24:47.995>store <00:24:48.195>your <00:24:48.395>data <00:24:48.595>JSO <00:24:48.795>documents,

579
00:24:49.215 --> 00:24:52.335
<00:24:49.215>which <00:24:49.355>maps <00:24:49.495>easily <00:24:49.635>to <00:24:49.774>your <00:24:49.915>Java <00:24:50.054>objects <00:24:50.195>and <00:24:50.334>so <00:24:50.475>forth, <00:24:50.615>right?

580
00:24:52.515 --> 00:24:54.935
<00:24:52.515>And <00:24:52.670>you <00:24:52.826>access <00:24:52.981>data <00:24:53.137>using <00:24:53.292>Mongo <00:24:53.448>APIs <00:24:53.603>and <00:24:53.759>so <00:24:53.915>forth.

581
00:24:55.365 --> 00:24:58.375
<00:24:55.365>Well, <00:24:55.492>what <00:24:55.619>we've <00:24:55.746>done <00:24:55.874>in <00:24:56.001>database <00:24:56.128>23 <00:24:56.255>C <00:24:56.383>is <00:24:56.510>even <00:24:56.637>this <00:24:56.765>concept

582
00:24:58.375 --> 00:25:03.335
<00:24:58.375>called <00:24:58.530>JSO <00:24:58.686>relational <00:24:58.841>duality, <00:24:58.997>which <00:24:59.152>is <00:24:59.308>that <00:24:59.463>we're <00:24:59.619>not <00:24:59.775>just,

583
00:25:03.335 --> 00:25:05.375
<00:25:03.335>we're <00:25:03.535>not <00:25:03.735>just <00:25:03.935>storing <00:25:04.135>JSON <00:25:04.335>in <00:25:04.535>the <00:25:04.735>relational

584
00:25:05.375 --> 00:25:06.575
<00:25:05.375>tables <00:25:05.645>that <00:25:05.915>we've <00:25:06.185>done <00:25:06.455>already.

585
00:25:07.005 --> 00:25:09.695
<00:25:07.005>What <00:25:07.145>we've <00:25:07.285>done <00:25:07.425>is <00:25:07.565>that <00:25:07.705>we <00:25:07.845>give <00:25:07.985>you <00:25:08.125>the <00:25:08.265>same <00:25:08.405>view

586
00:25:09.695 --> 00:25:11.335
<00:25:09.695>of <00:25:10.044>the <00:25:10.395>data <00:25:10.745>twice, <00:25:11.095>okay?

587
00:25:11.435 --> 00:25:14.855
<00:25:11.435>You <00:25:11.610>can <00:25:11.784>view <00:25:11.960>the <00:25:12.135>data <00:25:12.310>as <00:25:12.485>relational <00:25:12.659>tables, <00:25:12.835>right?

588
00:25:15.445 --> 00:25:18.735
<00:25:15.445>Also, <00:25:15.572>you <00:25:15.699>can <00:25:15.826>view <00:25:15.954>the <00:25:16.081>same <00:25:16.208>data <00:25:16.335>as <00:25:16.463>a <00:25:16.590>j <00:25:16.717>js <00:25:16.845>ON

589
00:25:19.295 --> 00:25:20.835
<00:25:19.295>document, <00:25:20.681>okay?

590
00:25:21.055 --> 00:25:22.755
<00:25:21.055>And <00:25:21.255>then <00:25:21.455>if <00:25:21.655>you <00:25:21.855>modify <00:25:22.055>the <00:25:22.255>J <00:25:22.455>data

591
00:25:22.755 --> 00:25:24.515
<00:25:22.755>through <00:25:23.105>the <00:25:23.455>JSON <00:25:23.805>document <00:25:24.155>interface,

592
00:25:24.655 --> 00:25:26.515
<00:25:24.655>you'll <00:25:24.935>also <00:25:25.215>modify <00:25:25.495>the <00:25:25.774>relational <00:25:26.055>interface.

593
00:25:26.695 --> 00:25:28.635
<00:25:26.695>And <00:25:26.895>likewise, <00:25:27.095>you <00:25:27.294>modify <00:25:27.495>through <00:25:27.695>the <00:25:27.895>relational <00:25:28.095>interface,

594
00:25:28.815 --> 00:25:30.955
<00:25:28.815>it <00:25:29.015>will <00:25:29.215>show <00:25:29.415>up <00:25:29.615>through <00:25:29.815>the <00:25:30.015>JSON <00:25:30.215>interface.

595
00:25:31.265 --> 00:25:34.315
<00:25:31.265>Okay? <00:25:31.440>So <00:25:31.615>we <00:25:31.790>make <00:25:31.965>your <00:25:32.140>relational <00:25:32.315>data <00:25:32.490>natively <00:25:32.665>accessible

596
00:25:34.315 --> 00:25:35.395
<00:25:34.315>as <00:25:34.801>either <00:25:35.287>relational

597
00:25:35.735 --> 00:25:39.075
<00:25:35.735>or <00:25:35.851>as <00:25:35.968>JSO, <00:25:36.084>this <00:25:36.201>where <00:25:36.318>we <00:25:36.435>get <00:25:36.551>the <00:25:36.668>best <00:25:36.784>of <00:25:36.901>both, <00:25:37.018>the <00:25:37.135>strength

598
00:25:39.075 --> 00:25:41.635
<00:25:39.075>of <00:25:39.230>the <00:25:39.386>relational <00:25:39.541>properties <00:25:39.697>as <00:25:39.852>well, <00:25:40.008>the <00:25:40.163>strengths <00:25:40.319>of <00:25:40.475>JSO.

599
00:25:41.905 --> 00:25:44.435
<00:25:41.905>Okay? <00:25:42.105>So <00:25:42.305>this <00:25:42.504>is <00:25:42.705>just <00:25:42.905>a <00:25:43.105>brief <00:25:43.305>teaser

600
00:25:44.435 --> 00:25:45.955
<00:25:44.435>because <00:25:44.606>I <00:25:44.777>thought <00:25:44.947>it <00:25:45.119>was <00:25:45.290>so <00:25:45.461>important <00:25:45.631>to <00:25:45.803>share

601
00:25:45.955 --> 00:25:46.955
<00:25:45.955>with <00:25:46.254>this <00:25:46.554>audience, <00:25:46.855>right?

602
00:25:46.965 --> 00:25:49.915
<00:25:46.965>Which <00:25:47.139>is <00:25:47.314>that, <00:25:47.490>you <00:25:47.665>know, <00:25:47.840>we <00:25:48.014>integrated <00:25:48.189>database, <00:25:48.365>blockchain,

603
00:25:49.915 --> 00:25:51.915
<00:25:49.915>the <00:25:50.115>database, <00:25:50.315>and <00:25:50.514>we <00:25:50.715>show <00:25:50.915>all <00:25:51.115>the <00:25:51.315>benefits.

604
00:25:51.975 --> 00:25:54.595
<00:25:51.975>But <00:25:52.115>you <00:25:52.254>know <00:25:52.395>what, <00:25:52.534>if <00:25:52.675>you <00:25:52.814>don't <00:25:52.955>like <00:25:53.094>relational, <00:25:53.235>this <00:25:53.375>is

605
00:25:54.595 --> 00:25:57.675
<00:25:54.595>what, <00:25:54.722>this <00:25:54.849>is <00:25:54.976>a, <00:25:55.104>this <00:25:55.231>is <00:25:55.358>a <00:25:55.485>great <00:25:55.613>answer <00:25:55.740>for <00:25:55.867>you, <00:25:55.995>okay?

606
00:25:57.935 --> 00:26:00.875
<00:25:57.935>And, <00:25:58.168>and <00:25:58.401>of <00:25:58.635>course, <00:25:58.868>um, <00:25:59.101>freebie, <00:25:59.335>right?

607
00:26:01.045 --> 00:26:02.115
<00:26:01.045>Which <00:26:01.366>is <00:26:01.687>that, <00:26:02.008>uh,

608
00:26:02.255 --> 00:26:04.115
<00:26:02.255>the <00:26:02.455>data <00:26:02.655>23 <00:26:02.855>3 <00:26:03.055>free <00:26:03.255>has <00:26:03.455>actually <00:26:03.655>been

609
00:26:04.275 --> 00:26:05.315
<00:26:04.275>released <00:26:04.509>for <00:26:04.743>several <00:26:04.977>months <00:26:05.211>now.

610
00:26:05.495 --> 00:26:07.795
<00:26:05.495>And <00:26:05.650>then <00:26:05.806>here's <00:26:05.961>a <00:26:06.117>you, <00:26:06.272>you <00:26:06.428>are, <00:26:06.583>here's <00:26:06.739>a <00:26:06.895>code

611
00:26:08.065 --> 00:26:09.795
<00:26:08.065>that <00:26:08.240>you <00:26:08.415>can <00:26:08.590>download <00:26:08.765>that <00:26:08.940>you <00:26:09.115>can <00:26:09.290>scan <00:26:09.465>the,

612
00:26:09.955 --> 00:26:11.195
<00:26:09.955>download <00:26:10.114>the <00:26:10.273>code <00:26:10.433>and <00:26:10.592>just <00:26:10.752>run <00:26:10.911>it <00:26:11.071>yourself

613
00:26:11.195 --> 00:26:12.835
<00:26:11.195>and <00:26:11.350>try <00:26:11.506>out <00:26:11.661>these <00:26:11.817>new <00:26:11.972>things <00:26:12.128>that <00:26:12.283>I <00:26:12.439>talked <00:26:12.595>about.

614
00:26:13.095 --> 00:26:14.795
<00:26:13.095>You <00:26:13.328>can, <00:26:13.561>you <00:26:13.795>can <00:26:14.028>create <00:26:14.261>blockchain <00:26:14.495>tables,

615
00:26:15.095 --> 00:26:16.675
<00:26:15.095>you <00:26:15.375>can <00:26:15.655>trail <00:26:15.935>adjacent <00:26:16.215>relational <00:26:16.495>views.

616
00:26:16.975 --> 00:26:19.875
<00:26:16.975>You <00:26:17.115>can <00:26:17.254>trail <00:26:17.395>these <00:26:17.534>hacks <00:26:17.675>and <00:26:17.814>see <00:26:17.955>how <00:26:18.094>they <00:26:18.235>work. <00:26:18.375>Okay?

617
00:26:20.725 --> 00:26:24.375
<00:26:20.725>Alright, <00:26:20.865>so <00:26:21.004>I'm <00:26:21.145>going <00:26:21.284>to <00:26:21.425>uh, <00:26:21.564>summarize <00:26:21.705>the <00:26:21.844>key <00:26:21.985>points <00:26:22.125>first.

618
00:26:24.835 --> 00:26:27.975
<00:26:24.835>Um, <00:26:25.068>blockchain <00:26:25.301>in <00:26:25.535>the <00:26:25.768>database <00:26:26.001>allows <00:26:26.235>you

619
00:26:27.975 --> 00:26:30.415
<00:26:27.975>to <00:26:28.175>protect <00:26:28.375>important <00:26:28.574>data <00:26:28.774>from <00:26:28.975>your <00:26:29.175>list <00:26:29.375>modification

620
00:26:30.415 --> 00:26:32.975
<00:26:30.415>by <00:26:30.648>hackers, <00:26:30.881>rogue <00:26:31.115>insiders, <00:26:31.348>and <00:26:31.581>master <00:26:31.815>coverups.

621
00:26:33.125 --> 00:26:34.735
<00:26:33.125>Okay? <00:26:33.300>Hopefully <00:26:33.475>you <00:26:33.650>have <00:26:33.825>to <00:26:34.000>demonstrate <00:26:34.175>how <00:26:34.350>that <00:26:34.525>works.

622
00:26:35.515 --> 00:26:38.175
<00:26:35.515>Uh, <00:26:35.690>secondly <00:26:35.865>is <00:26:36.040>that <00:26:36.215>very <00:26:36.390>importantly, <00:26:36.565>by <00:26:36.740>doing <00:26:36.915>this,

623
00:26:38.835 --> 00:26:41.575
<00:26:38.835>we <00:26:39.010>make <00:26:39.185>it <00:26:39.360>easy <00:26:39.535>for <00:26:39.710>you <00:26:39.885>to, <00:26:40.060>to <00:26:40.235>use

624
00:26:41.805 --> 00:26:43.220
<00:26:41.805>with <00:26:42.229>minimal <00:26:42.654>application <00:26:43.078>changes.

625
00:26:43.545 --> 00:26:44.925
<00:26:43.545>And <00:26:43.855>that <00:26:44.166>is <00:26:44.476>key, <00:26:44.787>right?

626
00:26:45.285 --> 00:26:47.325
<00:26:45.285>I <00:26:45.425>didn't <00:26:45.565>have <00:26:45.705>to <00:26:45.845>talk <00:26:45.985>about <00:26:46.125>smart <00:26:46.265>contracts, <00:26:46.405>I <00:26:46.545>didn't <00:26:46.685>have

627
00:26:47.325 --> 00:26:49.045
<00:26:47.325>to <00:26:47.558>follow <00:26:47.791>consensus <00:26:48.025>protocols <00:26:48.258>and <00:26:48.491>so <00:26:48.725>forth.

628
00:26:49.795 --> 00:26:51.525
<00:26:49.795>It's <00:26:50.028>all <00:26:50.261>features <00:26:50.495>of <00:26:50.728>the <00:26:50.961>converged <00:26:51.195>database

629
00:26:51.865 --> 00:26:53.845
<00:26:51.865>and <00:26:52.020>you <00:26:52.176>could <00:26:52.331>use <00:26:52.487>it <00:26:52.642>with <00:26:52.798>any <00:26:52.953>other <00:26:53.109>database <00:26:53.265>features

630
00:26:53.945 --> 00:26:55.925
<00:26:53.945>and <00:26:54.225>you <00:26:54.504>as <00:26:54.784>using <00:26:55.064>SQL, <00:26:55.345>right?

631
00:26:55.925 --> 00:26:58.205
<00:26:55.925>Because <00:26:56.065>I'll <00:26:56.205>bet <00:26:56.345>that <00:26:56.485>there <00:26:56.625>are <00:26:56.764>more <00:26:56.905>people <00:26:57.044>who <00:26:57.185>know <00:26:57.325>SQL

632
00:26:58.205 --> 00:26:59.605
<00:26:58.205>that <00:26:58.520>would <00:26:58.835>know <00:26:59.150>smart <00:26:59.465>contracts.

633
00:27:00.785 --> 00:27:02.005
<00:27:00.785>And <00:27:01.004>so <00:27:01.224>the <00:27:01.443>goal <00:27:01.663>really <00:27:01.883>is

634
00:27:02.065 --> 00:27:04.725
<00:27:02.065>to <00:27:02.415>effortlessly <00:27:02.765>add <00:27:03.115>blockchain <00:27:03.465>integrity

635
00:27:05.065 --> 00:27:06.405
<00:27:05.065>to <00:27:05.668>database <00:27:06.271>applications.

636
00:27:06.625 --> 00:27:10.905
<00:27:06.625>That's <00:27:06.765>the <00:27:06.905>goal, <00:27:07.045>to <00:27:07.185>make <00:27:07.325>it <00:27:07.465>easy, <00:27:07.605>okay? <00:27:07.745>And <00:27:07.885>that's <00:27:08.025>it.

637
00:27:10.905 --> 00:27:13.865
<00:27:10.905>That's <00:27:11.032>my <00:27:11.159>last <00:27:11.286>slide <00:27:11.414>was <00:27:11.541>a <00:27:11.668>whole <00:27:11.795>bunch <00:27:11.923>of <00:27:12.050>links <00:27:12.177>to <00:27:12.305>resources

638
00:27:14.285 --> 00:27:16.225
<00:27:14.285>to <00:27:14.635>sample <00:27:14.985>code <00:27:15.335>live <00:27:15.685>labs.

639
00:27:16.285 --> 00:27:18.545
<00:27:16.285>You <00:27:16.485>can <00:27:16.685>see <00:27:16.885>the <00:27:17.085>thing <00:27:17.285>running, <00:27:17.485>uh, <00:27:17.685>videos

640
00:27:18.925 --> 00:27:21.825
<00:27:18.925>and <00:27:19.065>ask <00:27:19.205>my <00:27:19.345>email <00:27:19.485>address <00:27:19.625>for <00:27:19.764>the <00:27:19.905>questions <00:27:20.044>and <00:27:20.185>so <00:27:20.325>forth.

641
00:27:22.215 --> 00:27:23.215
<00:27:22.215>Okay? <00:27:22.665>Thank <00:27:23.115>you.

642
00:27:28.195 --> 00:27:31.425
<00:27:28.195>Thank <00:27:28.335>you <00:27:28.475>very <00:27:28.615>much, <00:27:28.754>Ray. <00:27:28.895>We've <00:27:29.034>had <00:27:29.175>a <00:27:29.314>lot <00:27:29.455>of <00:27:29.595>questions.

643
00:27:31.765 --> 00:27:34.585
<00:27:31.765>We <00:27:31.920>are <00:27:32.076>gonna <00:27:32.231>ask <00:27:32.387>at <00:27:32.542>least <00:27:32.698>one <00:27:32.853>of <00:27:33.009>them. <00:27:33.165>Sure.

644
00:27:35.145 --> 00:27:36.225
<00:27:35.145>I <00:27:35.339>think <00:27:35.533>you <00:27:35.728>answered <00:27:35.922>it <00:27:36.117>already,

645
00:27:36.245 --> 00:27:40.025
<00:27:36.245>but <00:27:36.385>I'm <00:27:36.524>not <00:27:36.665>sure <00:27:36.804>what <00:27:36.945>does <00:27:37.084>prevent <00:27:37.225>me <00:27:37.364>from <00:27:37.504>recomputing <00:27:37.645>the

646
00:27:40.025 --> 00:27:41.345
<00:27:40.025>cryptographic <00:27:41.213>chain.

647
00:27:41.935 --> 00:27:46.505
<00:27:41.935>Okay. <00:27:42.110>Um, <00:27:42.284>well <00:27:42.460>first <00:27:42.635>of <00:27:42.810>all, <00:27:42.985>uh, <00:27:43.159>you <00:27:43.335>can,

648
00:27:46.685 --> 00:27:47.705
<00:27:46.685>you <00:27:46.991>can't <00:27:47.297>recompute <00:27:47.602>it.

649
00:27:47.705 --> 00:27:48.905
<00:27:47.705>That's <00:27:47.859>a <00:27:48.013>great <00:27:48.167>thing, <00:27:48.322>which <00:27:48.476>is <00:27:48.630>that <00:27:48.784>we

650
00:27:48.905 --> 00:27:49.985
<00:27:48.905>publish <00:27:49.229>how <00:27:49.553>they <00:27:49.877>computed.

651
00:27:50.045 --> 00:27:51.385
<00:27:50.045>So <00:27:50.346>you <00:27:50.648>can <00:27:50.949>actually <00:27:51.251>externally

652
00:27:51.385 --> 00:27:52.745
<00:27:51.385>verify <00:27:51.589>that <00:27:51.793>no <00:27:51.996>one <00:27:52.201>has <00:27:52.405>changed <00:27:52.609>it.

653
00:27:53.005 --> 00:27:54.865
<00:27:53.005>The <00:27:53.285>key <00:27:53.565>is <00:27:53.845>you <00:27:54.125>cannot <00:27:54.405>change

654
00:27:54.865 --> 00:27:56.185
<00:27:54.865>something <00:27:55.162>that's <00:27:55.459>been <00:27:55.755>computed <00:27:56.053>already.

655
00:27:56.255 --> 00:27:57.865
<00:27:56.255>Because <00:27:56.535>if <00:27:56.815>you <00:27:57.095>change <00:27:57.375>the <00:27:57.655>row

656
00:27:58.125 --> 00:28:00.545
<00:27:58.125>and <00:27:58.280>the <00:27:58.436>cryptographic <00:27:58.591>checks <00:27:58.747>them, <00:27:58.902>if <00:27:59.058>you <00:27:59.213>change <00:27:59.369>a <00:27:59.525>row,

657
00:28:00.845 --> 00:28:02.345
<00:28:00.845>its <00:28:01.182>cryptographic <00:28:01.520>digest <00:28:01.857>will <00:28:02.195>change

658
00:28:02.725 --> 00:28:05.785
<00:28:02.725>and <00:28:02.865>then <00:28:03.004>it <00:28:03.145>will <00:28:03.284>not <00:28:03.425>match <00:28:03.564>what <00:28:03.705>the <00:28:03.844>previous, <00:28:03.985>the <00:28:04.125>previous

659
00:28:05.785 --> 00:28:07.265
<00:28:05.785>and <00:28:06.051>other <00:28:06.317>rows <00:28:06.584>be <00:28:06.850>around <00:28:07.117>it.

660
00:28:07.375 --> 00:28:08.375
Have

661
00:28:09.515 --> 00:28:10.605
<00:28:09.515>Another <00:28:10.496>question.

662
00:28:11.225 --> 00:28:14.205
<00:28:11.225>How <00:28:11.380>can <00:28:11.536>I <00:28:11.691>change <00:28:11.847>data <00:28:12.002>over <00:28:12.158>row <00:28:12.313>when <00:28:12.469>it's <00:28:12.625>blockchain

663
00:28:14.985 --> 00:28:17.885
<00:28:14.985>Change <00:28:15.185>that, <00:28:15.385>oh, <00:28:15.584>you <00:28:15.784>cannot, <00:28:15.985>that's <00:28:16.185>the <00:28:16.385>key.

664
00:28:17.885 --> 00:28:19.885
<00:28:17.885>You <00:28:18.118>can <00:28:18.351>write <00:28:18.585>a <00:28:18.818>new <00:28:19.051>version, <00:28:19.285>right?

665
00:28:20.225 --> 00:28:23.845
<00:28:20.225>And <00:28:20.341>so, <00:28:20.458>so <00:28:20.574>so <00:28:20.691>the <00:28:20.808>idea <00:28:20.925>is <00:28:21.041>that <00:28:21.158>if <00:28:21.274>you <00:28:21.391>have <00:28:21.508>a <00:28:21.625>contract,

666
00:28:24.065 --> 00:28:25.645
<00:28:24.065>you <00:28:24.345>don't <00:28:24.625>change <00:28:24.905>an <00:28:25.185>existing <00:28:25.465>contract,

667
00:28:25.645 --> 00:28:27.565
<00:28:25.645>you <00:28:25.925>write <00:28:26.205>a <00:28:26.485>new <00:28:26.764>contract, <00:28:27.045>right?

668
00:28:27.785 --> 00:28:30.485
<00:28:27.785>If <00:28:27.925>you <00:28:28.065>wanna <00:28:28.205>change <00:28:28.345>the <00:28:28.485>existing <00:28:28.625>rows, <00:28:28.765>use <00:28:28.905>a <00:28:29.045>regular <00:28:29.185>table,

669
00:28:30.485 --> 00:28:32.125
<00:28:30.485>don't <00:28:30.764>use <00:28:31.044>a <00:28:31.324>blockchain <00:28:31.604>table, <00:28:31.885>right?

670
00:28:33.305 --> 00:28:35.685
<00:28:33.305>Our, <00:28:33.655>our <00:28:34.005>blockchain <00:28:34.355>reorgs <00:28:34.705>handled

671
00:28:36.295 --> 00:28:39.405
<00:28:36.295>Blockchain <00:28:36.761>reorgs <00:28:37.228>blockchains, <00:28:37.695>um,

672
00:28:39.975 --> 00:28:41.325
<00:28:39.975>blockchain <00:28:40.582>reorgs <00:28:41.190>handled.

673
00:28:42.115 --> 00:28:43.885
<00:28:42.115>It's <00:28:42.348>just <00:28:42.581>like <00:28:42.815>any <00:28:43.048>other <00:28:43.281>database <00:28:43.515>operation.

674
00:28:43.885 --> 00:28:44.925
<00:28:43.885>It's, <00:28:44.119>it <00:28:44.353>is <00:28:44.587>done <00:28:44.821>online.

675
00:28:45.595 --> 00:28:48.845
<00:28:45.595>It's, <00:28:45.750>it <00:28:45.906>doesn't <00:28:46.061>modify <00:28:46.217>the <00:28:46.372>beauty <00:28:46.528>of <00:28:46.683>a <00:28:46.839>reorg <00:28:46.995>is

676
00:28:48.845 --> 00:28:51.685
<00:28:48.845>that <00:28:48.985>the <00:28:49.125>reorg <00:28:49.265>does <00:28:49.405>not <00:28:49.545>change <00:28:49.685>the <00:28:49.825>content <00:28:49.965>of <00:28:50.105>the <00:28:50.245>row

677
00:28:51.835 --> 00:28:53.685
<00:28:51.835>because <00:28:52.115>the <00:28:52.395>content <00:28:52.675>rows <00:28:52.955>don't <00:28:53.235>change

678
00:28:53.775 --> 00:28:54.885
<00:28:53.775>their <00:28:54.274>cryptographic <00:28:54.774>checks.

679
00:28:54.915 --> 00:28:56.045
<00:28:54.915>Sums <00:28:55.254>don't <00:28:55.593>change <00:28:55.932>either.

680
00:28:56.185 --> 00:28:59.885
<00:28:56.185>And <00:28:56.385>so <00:28:56.585>the <00:28:56.784>integrity <00:28:56.985>is, <00:28:57.185>is, <00:28:57.385>is <00:28:57.585>preserved.

681
00:29:00.825 --> 00:29:03.835
<00:29:00.825>Okay? <00:29:00.941>I <00:29:01.058>will <00:29:01.175>say <00:29:01.291>our <00:29:01.408>time <00:29:01.525>is <00:29:01.641>up <00:29:01.758>the <00:29:01.875>rest <00:29:01.991>of <00:29:02.108>the <00:29:02.225>question,

682
00:29:03.855 --> 00:29:05.795
<00:29:03.855>you <00:29:04.010>can <00:29:04.166>find <00:29:04.321>it <00:29:04.477>in <00:29:04.632>swap <00:29:04.788>cards <00:29:04.943>in <00:29:05.099>the <00:29:05.255>app

683
00:29:06.095 --> 00:29:07.835
<00:29:06.095>and <00:29:06.375>you <00:29:06.655>can <00:29:06.935>answer <00:29:07.215>them <00:29:07.495>or

684
00:29:07.835 --> 00:29:10.515
<00:29:07.835>otherwise <00:29:07.975>feel <00:29:08.115>free <00:29:08.255>to <00:29:08.395>approach <00:29:08.535>him <00:29:08.675>as <00:29:08.815>long <00:29:08.955>as <00:29:09.095>he's <00:29:09.235>here.

685
00:29:11.095 --> 00:29:13.995
<00:29:11.095>And <00:29:11.235>now <00:29:11.375>we <00:29:11.515>are <00:29:11.655>gonna <00:29:11.795>have <00:29:11.935>a <00:29:12.075>big <00:29:12.215>round <00:29:12.355>of <00:29:12.495>applause

686
00:29:14.335 --> 00:29:15.595
<00:29:14.335>for <00:29:14.902>thank <00:29:15.469>you.

687
00:29:15.905 --> 00:29:19.075
<00:29:15.905>Okay? <00:29:16.105>Thank <00:29:16.305>you. <00:29:16.504>And <00:29:16.705>now <00:29:16.905>we're <00:29:17.105>gonna <00:29:17.305>have

688
00:29:19.135 --> 00:29:20.355
<00:29:19.135>10 <00:29:19.501>minutes <00:29:19.867>break <00:29:20.233>in.

689
00:29:20.355 --> 00:29:23.075
<00:29:20.355>10 <00:29:20.495>minutes <00:29:20.635>is <00:29:20.775>gonna <00:29:20.915>be <00:29:21.055>our <00:29:21.195>next <00:29:21.335>talk. <00:29:21.475>Have <00:29:21.615>fun <00:29:21.755>guys.